Indica Kamlesh Tripathi

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Indica Kamlesh Tripathi Indica Kamlesh Tripathi ‘ ndica’ is an account of the Mauryan Empire by the Greek Iwriter, Megasthenes. The original book is now lost, but its fragments have survived in later Greek and Latin works. The earliest of these works are those by ancient Greek historian Diodorus Siculus, Strabo a Greek geographer, Pliny a magistrate of ancient Rome, and Arrian another Greek historian. Megasthenes’ Indica can be reconstructed using the portions preserved by later writers as direct quotations, rephrased or even when the content has not been paraphrased. The parts that explicitly attributed to belonged to the original text can be Megasthenes. There is a Greek identified from the later works document of Felix Jacoby titled based on similar content, ‘Fragmente der griechischen vocabulary and phrasing, even Historiker’ that contains 36 pages Bhavan’s Journal, 15 August, 2020 u 131 of content that can be traced back does not mention Megasthenes even to Megasthenes. once, unlike Strabo, who explicitly E. A. Schwanbeck, another mentions Megasthenes as one of his historian, traced several sources. There are several differences fragments of writings to between the accounts of Megasthenes Megasthenes, and based on his and Diodorus. For example, Diodorus collection, John Watson describes India as 28,000 stadia long McCrindle a Scottish philologist (a Greek unit of length from which the and educator published a word ‘stadium’ has come) from east reconstructed version of Indica in to west, whereas, Megasthenes gives 1887. But this reconstructed this number as 16,000. Diodorus version was not universally states that Indus may be the world’s accepted. largest river after Nile, whereas, Schwanbeck and John Watson Megasthenes (as quoted by Arrian) McCrindle attributed several states that Ganges is much larger fragments in the writings of the 1st than Nile. century BCE writer Diodorus to There is a description of Megasthenes. However, Diodorus Gangaridai that appears in the writings of Diodorus. Gangaridai is a term used by the ancient Greco- Roman writers to describe the people or a geographical region of the ancient Indian subcontinent. Some of these writers state that Alexander the Great withdrew from the Indian subcontinent because of the strong war elephant force of the Gangaridai. The writers variously mention Gangaridai as a distinct tribe, or a nation within a larger kingdom (presumably the Nanda Empire). A number of modern scholars locate Gangaridai in the Ganges Diodorus Delta of the Bengal region, although, 132 u Bhavan’s Journal, 15 August, 2020 Nanda Empire alternative theories also exist. about 185 to 192 metres. Gange or Ganges, the capital of the According to the text Gangaridai (according to historian reconstructed by John Watson Ptolemy), has been identified with McCrindle, Megasthenes’ Indica several sites in the region, describes India as follows: including Chandraketugarh and India is a quadrilateral-shaped Wari-bateshwar. country, bounded by the ocean on McCrindle believed that the southern and the eastern side. Diodorus’ source for his The Indus River forms the western description was the now-lost book and the northwestern boundary of of Megasthenes. However, the country, as far as the ocean. according to A. B. Bosworth (1996), India’s northern border reaches the Diodorus obtained this information extremities of Tauros the from Hieronymus of Cardia: mountains of southern Turkey. Diodorus described Ganges as 30 From Ariana (the Latinised name of stadia wide. It is well-attested by ancient Greece) to the Eastern Sea, other sources that Megasthenes it is bound by mountains that are described the median or minimum called Kaukasos by the width of Ganges as 100 stadia, Macedonians. The various native Bhavan’s Journal, 15 August, 2020 u 133 names for these mountains include south. The Ganges empties into the Parapamisos, Hemodos and ocean that forms the eastern Himaos (the Himalayas). Beyond boundary of Gangaridai. Other Hemodos, lies Scythia (a region of nations feared Gangaridai’s huge central Eurasia) inhabited by the force of the biggest elephants, and Scythians known as Sakai. Besides therefore, Gangaridai had never Scythia, the countries of Bactria, an been conquered by any foreign king. ancient region in Central Asia. Indus also runs from north to Bactria proper was north of the south, and has several navigable Hindu Kush mountain range and tributaries. The most notable south of the Amu Darya River, tributaries are Hupanis, the covering the flat region that Hudaspes, and the Akesines. One straddles modern-day Afghanistan, peculiar river is Sillas, which Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. More originates from a fountain of the broadly Bactria was the area north same name. Everything cast into of the Hindu-Kush, west of the this river sinks down to the bottom, Pamirs and south of the Tian-Shan, so nothing floats in it. In addition, with the Amu Darya flowing west there are a large number of other through the center, and Ariana rivers, supplying abundant water bordering India. for agriculture. According to the At the extreme point of India, native philosophers and natural there is this gnomon, the projecting scientists, the reason for this is that piece of the sundial that often casts the bordering countries are more no shadow, and the Ursa Major elevated than India, so their waters constellation that is completely run down to India, resulting in such invisible at night. In the remotest a large number of rivers. parts, the shadows fall southward, In the primitive times, Indians when even Arcturus the brightest lived on fruits and wore clothes star is not visible. made of animal skin, just like the India has many large and Greeks. Some learned Indian navigable rivers, which arise in the scholars say that Dionysus the god mountains on its northern border. of the grape-harvest, winemaking Many of these rivers merge into and wine, of fertility, ritual Ganges, which is 30 stadia wide at madness, religious ecstasy, and its source, and runs from north to theatre in ancient Greek religion 134 u Bhavan’s Journal, 15 August, 2020 them. Like the Greeks, they characterise him with the club and the lion’s skin. According to them, Heracles was a powerful man who subjugated evil beasts. He had several sons and one daughter, who became rulers in different parts of his dominion. He founded several cities, the greatest of which was Pataliputra. Heracles built several places in this city, fortified it with water-filled trenches and settled a Dionysus number of people in the city. His and myth invaded India, and descendants ruled India for several conquered it. When his army was generations, but never launched an unable to bear the excessive heat, expedition beyond India. After he led his soldiers to the several years, the royal rule was mountains called Meros for replaced by democratic city states, recovery. Dionysus taught Indians although there existed a few kings several things including how to when Alexander invaded India. grow plants, make wine and India has several mountains worship. He founded several large with fruit trees of every kind. There cities, introduced laws and are a large number of animal established courts. For this species in India. The Indian reason, he was regarded as a elephants are far stronger than the deity by the Indians. He ruled Libyan elephants, because of the India for 52 years, before dying abundance of food on the Indian of old age. His descendants ruled soil. The elephants are India for several generations, domesticated in large numbers, and before being dethroned and trained for war. The gestation replaced by democratic city- period of the elephants range from states. 16 to 18 months, and the oldest of The Indians who inhabited the the elephants live up to 200 years. hill country also claim that Gold, silver, copper and iron are Heracles a Greek deity was one of abundant on Indian soil. Tin and Bhavan’s Journal, 15 August, 2020 u 135 other metals are used for making a other countries, they do not number of tools, weapons, ravage farms during war or ornaments, and other articles. conquests. Moreover, the India has very fertile plains, warring sides never destroy the and irrigation is practised widely. enemy land with fire or cut The main crops include rice, millet, down its trees. a crop called bosporum, cereals, Because of its large size, India pulses and other food plants. There is inhabited by many diverse races, are two crop cycles per year, since all of which are indigenous. India rain falls in both summer and has no foreign colony, and Indians winter. At the time of summer have not established any colonies solstice, rice, millet, bosporum and outside India. They are well-skilled sesamum are sown. During winter, in art, above average stature, wheat is sown. because of abundant food, fine Famines have never occurred in water and air. India because of the following A law, prescribed by ancient reasons: Indian philosophers, bans slavery. u The Indians are always assured The law treats everyone equally, of at least one of the two but allows the property to be seasonal crops. unevenly distributed. u There are a number of One must appreciate spontaneously growing fruits Megasthenes who wrote such an and edible roots available. illustrative book when knowledge u The Indian warriors regard was very limited. Unfortunately the those engaged in agriculture original book is not available now. and animal husbandry as He was born in 350 BCE and lived sacred. Unlike the warriors in for 60 years. Strip Ad Shreekrishna Sweets, Chennai 136 u Bhavan’s Journal, 15 August, 2020 Full page B/W Muthuraman & Sons Bhavan’s Journal, 15 August, 2020 u 137 Full page B/W Newry Properties 138 u Bhavan’s Journal, 15 August, 2020.
Recommended publications
  • Pliny the Elder and the Problem of Regnum Hereditarium*
    Pliny the Elder and the Problem of Regnum Hereditarium* MELINDA SZEKELY Pliny the Elder writes the following about the king of Taprobane1 in the sixth book of his Natural History: "eligi regem a populo senecta clementiaque, liberos non ha- bentem, et, si postea gignat, abdicari, ne fiat hereditarium regnum."2 This account es- caped the attention of the majority of scholars who studied Pliny in spite of the fact that this sentence raises three interesting and debated questions: the election of the king, deposal of the king and the heredity of the monarchy. The issue con- cerning the account of Taprobane is that Pliny here - unlike other reports on the East - does not only use the works of former Greek and Roman authors, but he also makes a note of the account of the envoys from Ceylon arriving in Rome in the first century A. D. in his work.3 We cannot exclude the possibility that Pliny himself met the envoys though this assumption is not verifiable.4 First let us consider whether the form of rule described by Pliny really existed in Taprobane. We have several sources dealing with India indicating that the idea of that old and gentle king depicted in Pliny's sentence seems to be just the oppo- * The study was supported by OTKA grant No. T13034550. 1 Ancient name of Sri Lanka (until 1972, Ceylon). 2 Plin. N. H. 6, 24, 89. Pliny, Natural History, Cambridge-London 1989, [19421], with an English translation by H. Rackham. 3 Plin. N. H. 6, 24, 85-91. Concerning the Singhalese envoys cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Ashoka and the Mauryan Empire
    Ashoka and the Mauryan Empire Investigation 4. Greeks come to India [4.1] Artist’s impression of Ashoka We’ve found out quite a lot about Ashoka from his inscriptions. We don’t really know what he looked like, but here’s how an artist sees him. There are lots of other things we don’t know about him as well, so we’re going to look at those times from another angle. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ashoka2.jpg S: Ashoka2.jpg © The University of Melbourne – Asia Education Foundation, 2013 [4.2] Ashokan edict at Kandahar Here’s one of Ashoka’s inscriptions that you haven’t seen before, from Kandahar (which these days is in Afghanistan). It’s hard to see the inscription but the top part is in Greek and the lower part is in another language called Aramaic. Now why would Ashoka have used these languages? http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AsokaKandahar.jpg S: AsokaKandahar.jpg © The University of Melbourne – Asia Education Foundation, 2013 [4.3] King Antiochus Remember that in the edict from Khalsi, Ashoka told us about a Greek king called Antiochus beyond his borders. So perhaps the Kandahar edict was close to the border. Here’s Antiochus on a coin. S: AntiochusIIMET.jpg © The University of Melbourne – Asia Education Foundation, 2013 [4.4] Map showing the Kingdom of Macedon in 336 BCE On this map you can see the ancient Greek Kingdom of Macedon. You’ve probably heard of Alexander the Great, who was born in Macedon in 356 BCE, the son of King Philip II.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander the Great
    RESOURCE GUIDE Booth Library Eastern Illinois University Alexander the Great A Selected List of Resources Booth Library has a large collection of learning resources to support the study of Alexander the Great by undergraduates, graduates and faculty. These materials are held in the reference collection, the main book holdings, the journal collection and the online full-text databases. Books and journal articles from other libraries may be obtained using interlibrary loan. This is a subject guide to selected works in this field that are held by the library. The citations on this list represent only a small portion of the available literature owned by Booth Library. Additional materials can be found by searching the EIU Online Catalog. To find books, browse the shelves in these call numbers for the following subject areas: DE1 to DE100 History of the Greco-Roman World DF10 to DF951 History of Greece DF10 to DF289 Ancient Greece DF232.5 to DF233.8 Macedonian Epoch. Age of Philip. 359-336 B.C. DF234 to DF234.9 Alexander the Great, 336-323 B.C. DF235 to DF238.9 Hellenistic Period, 323-146.B.C. REFERENCE SOURCES Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World ………………………………………. Ref DE86 .C35 2006 Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World ……………………………………………… Ref DF16 .S23 1995 Who’s Who in the Greek World ……………………………………………………….. Stacks DE7.H39 2000 PLEASE REFER TO COLLECTION LOCATION GUIDE FOR LOCATION OF ALL MATERIALS ALEXANDER THE GREAT Alexander and His Successors ………………………………………………... Stacks DF234 .A44 2009x Alexander and the Hellenistic World ………………………………………………… Stacks DE83 .W43 Alexander the Conqueror: The Epic Story of the Warrior King ………………..
    [Show full text]
  • |||GET||| Alexander the Great: the Anabasis and the Indica 1St Edition
    ALEXANDER THE GREAT: THE ANABASIS AND THE INDICA 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Arrian | 9780191633140 | | | | | Alexander the Great Josephus Vita ipsius Please follow the detailed Help center instructions to transfer the files to supported eReaders. Siege and Capture of Miletus. Lastly readers will also find three invaluable appendices, maps and site plans, and a comprehensive analytical index. Oxford University Press. Advanced embedding details, examples, and help! Campaign against the Mallians. His publications include commentaries on Curtius Rufus's histories of Alexander, including the introduction and commentary to accompany John Yardley's translation of Book 10 for the Clarendon Ancient History Series. Digression Alexander the Great: The Anabasis and the Indica 1st edition India. Capture of the Rock of Chorienes. Chapter I. A dramatic fast-moving story, told with great narrative skill, his work is now our prime and most detailed source for the history of Alexander--a compelling account of an exceptional leader, brilliant, ruthless, passionate, and complex. Views Read Edit View history. Book Description Paperback. Siege of Tyre. CMacedonian Expansion Greece : B. Destruction of Halicarnassus. The only complete English translation of Arrian available online is a rather antiquated translation by E. Facius; both E. Retrieved Alexander the Great: The Anabasis and the Indica 1st edition This manual of the Stoic moral philosophy was very popular, both among Pagans and Christians, for many centuries. Book Description Condition: New. Arrian c. Different authors have given different accounts of Alexander's life; and there is no one about whom more have written, or more at variance with each other. Ten Thousand Macedonians sent Home witli Craterus.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhism in the Northern Deccan Under The
    BUDDHISM IN THE NORTHERN DECCAN UNDER THE SATAVAHANA RULERS C a ' & C > - Z Z f /9> & by Jayadevanandasara Hettiarachchy Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the University of London 1973* ProQuest Number: 10731427 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731427 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT This study deals with the history of Buddhism in the northern Deccan during the Satavahana period. The first chapter examines the evidence relating to the first appearance of Buddhism in this area, its timing and the support by the state and different sections of the population. This is followed by a discussion of the problems surrounding the chronology of the Satavahana dynasty and evidence is advanced to support the ’shorter chronology*. In the third chapter the Buddhist monuments attributable to the Satavahana period are dated utilising the chronology of the Satavahanas provided in the second chapter. The inscriptional evidence provided by these monuments is described in detail. The fourth chapter contains an analysis and description of the sects and sub-sects which constituted the Buddhist Order.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Pyrrhonism As a Sect of Buddhism? a Case Study in the Methodology of Comparative Philosophy
    Comparative Philosophy Volume 9, No. 2 (2018): 1-40 Open Access / ISSN 2151-6014 / www.comparativephilosophy.org https://doi.org/10.31979/2151-6014(2018).090204 EARLY PYRRHONISM AS A SECT OF BUDDHISM? A CASE STUDY IN THE METHODOLOGY OF COMPARATIVE PHILOSOPHY MONTE RANSOME JOHNSON & BRETT SHULTS ABSTRACT: We offer a sceptical examination of a thesis recently advanced in a monograph published by Princeton University Press entitled Greek Buddha: Pyrrho’s Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia. In this dense and probing work, Christopher I. Beckwith, a professor of Central Eurasian studies at Indiana University, Bloomington, argues that Pyrrho of Elis adopted a form of early Buddhism during his years in Bactria and Gandhāra, and that early Pyrrhonism must be understood as a sect of early Buddhism. In making his case Beckwith claims that virtually all scholars of Greek, Indian, and Chinese philosophy have been operating under flawed assumptions and with flawed methodologies, and so have failed to notice obvious and undeniable correspondences between the philosophical views of the Buddha and of Pyrrho. In this study we take Beckwith’s proposal and challenge seriously, and we examine his textual basis and techniques of translation, his methods of examining passages, his construal of problems and his reconstruction of arguments. We find that his presuppositions are contentious and doubtful, his own methods are extremely flawed, and that he draws unreasonable conclusions. Although the result of our study is almost entirely negative, we think it illustrates some important general points about the methodology of comparative philosophy. Keywords: adiaphora, anātman, anattā, ataraxia, Buddha, Buddhism, Democritus, Pāli, Pyrrho, Pyrrhonism, Scepticism, trilakṣaṇa 1.
    [Show full text]
  • CHANDRAKETUGARH – Rediscovering a Missing Link in Indian History
    CHANDRAKETUGARH – rediscovering a missing link in Indian history (Project Codes AIB and GTC) A synoptic collation of three research by the SandHI Group INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR Patron-Advisor Ms. Amita Sharma Advisor to HRM, MHRD, Government of India Former Additional Secretary (Technical), MHRD, Government of India Advisor Prof. Partha P. Chakrabarti Director, IIT Kharagpur Monitoring Cell Prof. Sunando Dasgupta Dean, Sponsored Research and Consultancy Cell, IIT Kharagpur Prof. Pallab Dasgupta Associate Dean, Sponsored Research and Consultancy Cell, IIT Kharagpur Principal Investigator (overall) Prof. Joy Sen Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur Vide order no. F. NO. 4-26/2013-TS-1, Dt. 19-11-2013 (36 months w.e.f 15-1-2014 and 1 additional year for outreach programs) Professor-in-Charge Documentation and Dissemination Prof. Priyadarshi Patnaik Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, IIT Kharagpur Research Scholars Group (Coordinators) Sunny Bansal, Vidhu Pandey, Prerna Mandal, Arpan Paul, Deepanjan Saha Graphics Support Tanima Bhattacharya, Sandhi Research Assistant, SRIC, IIT Kharagpur ISBN: 978-93-80813-37-0 © SandHI A Science and Heritage Initiative, IIT Kharagpur Sponsored by the Ministry of Human Resources Development, Government of India Published in September 2015 www.iitkgpsandhi.org Design & Printed by Cygnus Advertising (India) Pvt. Ltd. 55B, Mirza Ghalib Street 8th Floor, Saberwal House, Kolkata - 700016 www.cygnusadvertising.in Disclaimer The information present in the Report offers the views of the authors and not of its Editorial Board or the publishers. No party involved in the preparation of material contained in SandHI Report represents or warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from the use of such material.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Charts in Islamic Navigation in the Indian Ocean
    13 · The Role of Charts in Islamic Navigation in the Indian Ocean GERALD R. TIBBETTS The existence of indigenous navigational charts of the voyage.7 Barros wrote in the 1540s and could have read Indian Ocean is suggested by several early European Varthema's work, which was in many editions by that sources, the earliest of which is the brief mention of date, including an edition in Spanish published in Seville mariners' charts by Marco Polo. First, in connection with in 1520. There are other occasions when Barros seems Ceylon Polo mentions "la mapemondi des mariner de cel to have incorporated later materials into his version of mer,"! a reference that can only refer to a nautical map the earlier Portuguese accounts of the Indian Ocean, so of some sort. Second, in connection with the Indian west some doubt is cast on the accuracy of his statement. coast he refers to "Ie conpas e la scriture de sajes rnar­ In 1512 another possible local chart is mentioned by iner."2 This first word has been translated as "charts," Afonso de Albuquerque in a letter to the Portuguese king and strangely enough it is the very word (al-qunbii~) used Manuel. He reports that he had seen a large chart belong­ by Abmad ibn Majid (fl. A.D. 1460-1500) in connection ing to a pilot on which Brazil, the Indian Ocean, and the with portolan charts.3 Far East were shown. This chart can only have been very The other sources are Portuguese and come from the sketchy, for the Portuguese pilot Francisco Rodrigues period when that country had reached these parts.
    [Show full text]
  • Xxxii. the Child Krishna, Christianity, and the Gujars
    951 XXXII. THE CHILD KRISHNA, CHRISTIANITY, AND THE GUJARS. BY J. KENNEDY. alleged influence of Christianity on the early development of Hinduism has long been a subject of investigation and controversy. Weber summed up in a masterly manner all that had been said for the one side; while with equal acumen Barth criticised and denied his conclusions. The discussion has had the effect of restricting the controversy to two points, both connected in the main with the worship of Krishna. The first relates to the Hindu doctrine of faith, or bhakti, as an essential condition of salvation, and has been dealt with by Dr. Grierson in a recent number of this Journal.1 The second refers to the origin of the child Krishna, his legend, and his cult, and is the subject of the present essay. The problem may be stated thus. We have in the Krishna of Dwaraka a great nature - god of immemorial antiquity, worshipped in the Kabul mountains and the Indus Valley. We also have a child Krishna who is not a nature-god at all, and has nothing in common with the elder Krishna except the name. The genesis of this child can be traced back to Mathura and to the beginning of the sixth century A.B. This cuckoo nursling usurps the place of the ancient hero; and the multifarious elements of his legend, and the clumsiness with which they have been fitted together, show that he is no natural development, but a forcible adaptation of something foreign. Some of the dramatis personm in the legend are Buddhist and others are Hindu, while the story itself betrays a ' marvellous' 1 J.R.A.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera), New to the Iranian Fauna Majid FALLAHZADEH1, Ovidiu POPOVICI2, *
    Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle «Grigore Antipa» Vol. 59 (1) pp. 73–79 DOI: 10.1515/travmu-2016-0012 Research paper Doddiella Kieffer: a Peculiar Genus of Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera), New to the Iranian Fauna Majid FALLAHZADEH1, Ovidiu POPOVICI2, * 1Department of Entomology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran. 2University Al. I. Cuza, Faculty of Biology, Carol The First Avenue No. 11, Jassy, 700506 Romania. *corresponding author, e–mail: [email protected] Received: December 22, 2015; Accepted: March 25, 2016; Available online: June 26, 2016; Printed: June 30, 2016 Abstract. Doddiella kiefferi Priesner, 1951 (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea) is here redescribed and illustrated to facilitate its identification. This is the first record of the peculiar genusDoddiella Kieffer, 1913 from Iran. The specimens were collected by Malaise traps from Fars province in southern Iran during 2012 and 2013. Iran is the north–eastern limit in the distribution of this species. Key Words: parasitoids, scelionid wasps, Malaise trap, Iran INTRODUCTION Platygastroidea in Iran is very poorly known. The majority of reports of the Scelionidae in Iran are related to the genus Trissolcus Ashmead (e.g. Radjabi & Amir Nazari, 1989; Radjabi, 2001; Hashemi Rad et al., 2002; Iranipour & Johnson, 2010) that are the best–known egg parasitoids of some pests on agricultural crops in Iran. No comprehensive study has been done on these beneficial insects in this region so far. More than a century ago Kieffer (1913) established the genus Doddiella in honor of the reputable entomologist A. P. Dodd. This genus was created as monotypic for its type species D. nigriceps Kieffer, 1913, collected from Ghana, Côte d’Or, Aburi.
    [Show full text]
  • South Asian History and Culture Contesting Histories and Nationalist
    This article was downloaded by: [Joshi, Sanjay] On: 23 June 2010 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 923263848] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK South Asian History and Culture Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t911470578 Contesting histories and nationalist geographies: a comparison of school textbooks in India and Pakistan Sanjay Joshia a Department of History, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA Online publication date: 22 June 2010 To cite this Article Joshi, Sanjay(2010) 'Contesting histories and nationalist geographies: a comparison of school textbooks in India and Pakistan', South Asian History and Culture, 1: 3, 357 — 377 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/19472498.2010.485379 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19472498.2010.485379 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • Atypical Lives: Systems of Meaning in Plutarch's Teseus-Romulus by Joel Martin Street a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Satisf
    Atypical Lives: Systems of Meaning in Plutarch's Teseus-Romulus by Joel Martin Street A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Mark Griffith, Chair Professor Dylan Sailor Professor Ramona Naddaff Fall 2015 Abstract Atypical Lives: Systems of Meaning in Plutarch's Teseus-Romulus by Joel Martin Street Doctor of Philosophy in Classics University of California, Berkeley Professor Mark Griffith, Chair Tis dissertation takes Plutarch’s paired biographies of Teseus and Romulus as a path to understanding a number of roles that the author assumes: as a biographer, an antiquarian, a Greek author under Roman rule. As the preface to the Teseus-Romulus makes clear, Plutarch himself sees these mythological fgures as qualitatively different from his other biographical sub- jects, with the consequence that this particular pair of Lives serves as a limit case by which it is possible to elucidate the boundaries of Plutarch’s authorial identity. Tey present, moreover, a set of opportunities for him to demonstrate his ability to curate and present familiar material (the founding of Rome, Teseus in the labyrinth) in demonstration of his broad learning. To this end, I regard the Teseus-Romulus as a fundamentally integral text, both of whose parts should be read alongside one another and the rest of Plutarch’s corpus rather than as mere outgrowths of the tra- ditions about the early history of Athens and Rome, respectively. Accordingly, I proceed in each of my four chapters to attend closely to a particular thematic cluster that appears in both Lives, thereby bringing to light the complex fgural play by which Plutarch enlivens familiar material and demonstrates his virtuosity as author.
    [Show full text]