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Activity Guide Activity Guide 1 Let’s Talk Digital // ACTIVITY GUIDE Acknowledgements “Let’s Talk Digital” is a non-partisan initiative aiming to engage youth (12-25 years old) in a series of workshops and engagement opportunities on digital citizenship. Writers Content Developers Yvonne Su Yvonne Su Mike Morden Anthony Morgan Tyler Valiquette Natasha Morris Adelina Petit-Vouriot Paul Thomas Editors Consultants Kendall Anderson Elizabeth Dubois Mike Morden Katie Gibbs Callista Ryan Allison Meads This project has been made possible in part by the Government of Canada. 2 Let’s Talk Digital // ACTIVITY GUIDE Table of Contents 07 44 84 1 // Algorithms 4 // Privacy 7 // Political & Artificial Targeting Intelligence 18 58 96 2 // Bots 5 // Attention & 8 // Political & Trolls Emotions Online Polarization 32 72 110 3 // Misinformation 6 // The Changing 9 // Civic & Disinformation Media & Engagement Information in the Environment Digital World 3 Let’s Talk Digital // ACTIVITY GUIDE INTRODUCTION Canadian democracy is in trouble. Voting rates are declining. Canadians have a low opinion of politicians and do not engage in political activities or discussion. These issues are particularly pressing among Canada’s youth who already feel burned out and fearful for their future. In this era of misinformation and polarization, the generation raised on social media is at risk of lacking the knowledge, skills and resources to make important political choices and decisions. To lesson the impact of misinformation and polarization on youth, Boys and Girls Clubs of Canada has partnered with the Samara Centre for Democracy to develop a non-partisan initiative aiming to engage youth in a series of activities on digital citizenship called “Let’s Talk Digital”. The aim of the program is to help youth build their critical thinking skills and capacity to critically assess online reporting and digital media. The program will help educate youth on digital technologies such as bots and algorithms and explain how malicious actors are exploiting online platforms and other Internet technologies for personal and political gains. The program will equip youth with the skills to take action to avoid manipulation online and create a healthy information ecosystem for themselves, their peers and their family. 4 Let’s Talk Digital // ACTIVITY GUIDE INTRODUCTION Welcome to the Let’s Talk Digital Activity Guide The program hopes to empower a connected generation raised on social media to better understand the mechanisms of digital citizenship so they can educate their peers and their families and contribute to a stronger democracy for all. The Let’s Talk Digital Activity Guide provides you with In addition, the lesson plans and activities in this research briefs on each topic and detailed lesson plans program are designed to facilitate learning in real and needed to run a Let’s Talk Digital program at your personally relevant ways. At the same time, they’ll help Club. The Samara Centre research team and expert youth understand and develop the skills needed to be contractors on digital, media and civic literacy wrote good digital citizens. the research briefs. The nine topics we chose to focus At its core, Let’s Talk Digital is about helping young on in this program were selected using information people gain the skills and knowledge they need to gathered from youth participating in the Boys and Girls navigate our increasingly complex digital, social Clubs of Canada’s National Youth Forum in Montreal and political systems. The central objective of Let's as well as piloting at the St. Alban’s Boys and Girls Talk Digital is to lessen the impact of misinformation, Club and the Eastview Boys and Girls Club in Ontario. polarization and disengagement, build resilience to This means the material covered in this program was online manipulation, and create a healthy information informed by BGCC youth to ensure its relevance to ecosystem. youth. Essential Competencies for Digital Citizens To that end, the Activity Guide is designed around nine essential competencies that are needed to achieve critical thinking when it comes to digital citizenship. The nine modules are: 1 ) Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence 6 ) The Changing Media and 2 ) Bots and Trolls Information Environment 3 ) Disinformation and Misinformation 7 ) Political Targeting 4 ) Privacy 8 ) Political Polarization 5 ) Attention and Emotions Online 9 ) Civic Engagement in a Digital World For each of the nine topics included in the Activity Critical thinking is the process of analyzing and re- Guide, there are lesson plans with three or four group analyzing facts and information to reach an answer activities that aim to develop specific skills related to or conclusion. To practice critical thinking one needs that topic. Different skill sets will be developed in each to practice 5 Cs! Developed by Science Everywhere, a of the nine sections, but you will notice that several science education organization, the 5 Cs they advocate themes pervade the entire guide. These include some of for us to practice are: Curiosity, Collaboration, Calm, the skills and processes that form the core of Let’s Talk Courage and Creativity. Digital, the most important of which is critical thinking. 5 Let’s Talk Digital // ACTIVITY GUIDE INTRODUCTION PRACTISING THE 5CS PRACTICE CURIOSITY! It’s all too easy to shrink PRACTICE COURAGE! Changing your mind is away from, avoid or discount the unknown. When we inherently scary. It requires that we choose to walk are curious we are more open to new ideas, and more into emotional exposure and uncertainty. That also willing to actively seek out new approaches. Thinking happens to be our definition for courage. This value is speculatively allows us to explore potential outcomes, the hardest to live by. It takes courage to go against to more fully consider all the options before us and to your friends, admit you were wrong, and to listen to make better decisions. Critical thinkers ask “what if?”. people you disagree with. Critical thinkers often and proudly admit, “I don’t know!” PRACTICE COLLABORATION! We all have blind spots in our thinking that are, by definition, invisible to us. The PRACTICE CREATIVITY! Creativity is the process best way to find blind spots is by talking to people who of combining old and new ways of understanding see things differently. Collaboration is one of the core the world. It's what happens when we bring different pillars of good science and good thinking, and any good ideas together to understand the world in new ways. conversation incorporates many perspectives. So, take Creativity is using your intuition to form new ways of every opportunity to actively search for perspectives understanding the world and critical thinking is the tool people might not ordinarily take. Collecting a diversity we use to sort good intuitions from bad ones. Without of perspectives is the goal. Critical thinkers collaborate. critical thinking, we rely only on emotion to understand the world. Without creativity, we cannot reshape, mold PRACTICE CALM! (Take being silly seriously) A good and make the world we want for ourselves. thinker can laugh at flaws in someone else’s ideas. A better one can laugh at flaws in their own. Critical thinkers build the capacity to laugh at themselves. It’s what we mean by “calm” and it’s indispensable to an ability to scientifically and critically refine our ideas. Calm transforms fear into curiosity. How to use the Activity Guide The Activity Guide is designed around nine essential competencies that are needed to achieve critical thinking when it comes to digital citizenship. For each of the nine topics included in the Activity Guide, there are lesson plans with three or four group activities that aim to develop specific skills related to that topic. The activities have been designed to be 1) easy to administer, 2) flexible for age, group size, and time, and lastly, 3) fun and engaging. 6 Let’s Talk Digital // ACTIVITY GUIDE 1 // AlgORITHMS & AI 1 // Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence Algorithms are the basic building blocks of computer software. They are present in nearly every piece of technology that we use in our day-to-day life, from smartphones to coffee machines, and they affect us in many ways. Using algorithms, humans have created more sophisticated technology such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning that have revolutionized society. Understanding algorithms is critical to understanding the digital sphere, and the way it is changing our social lives. What is an algorithm? An algorithm is a list of rules to follow to solve a Finally, machine learning is a subfield of artificial problem. We use algorithms in our own lives, whether intelligence. Its goal is to enable computers to learn on following a recipe for our grandma's secret chocolate their own. The machine’s algorithms allow it to identify chip cookies or sorting our clothes into lights and patterns in observed data, build models that explain darks before washing. Algorithms are basically a step- the world, and predict things without having pre- by-step guide for completing a task. As we develop programed rules and models. For example, you may more complex technologies we have also developed program a computer to tell the difference between a algorithms that are far more complex. Algorithms help cat and a dog. Machine learning allows the computer all forms of technology complete their tasks, from the to notice patterns or changes in patterns. It may Internet to the most sophisticated forms of artificial notice that cats have smaller noses and dogs come intelligence. in a variety of sizes. The more data about cats and dogs the computer receives, the more finely-tuned Artificial intelligence is essentially a group of its algorithm becomes and the more accurate it can algorithms that can adapt, grow and evolve on its own.
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