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NEW SPECIES of ACTINOTE HOBNER (NYMPHALIDAE: ACRAEINAE) from SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL Butterflies of the Genus Actinote Hubner (Acrae

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NEW SPECIES of ACTINOTE HOBNER (NYMPHALIDAE: ACRAEINAE) from SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL Butterflies of the Genus Actinote Hubner (Acrae Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 50(4), 1996, 309- 320 NEW SPECIES OF ACTINOTE HOBNER (NYMPHALIDAE: ACRAEINAE) FROM SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL CARLA M, PENZl Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA AND RONALDa B. FHANCINI Museu d e Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, c.P. 7172 Sao Paulo, SP 01064-970, Brasil ABSTRACT. Three new species of Actinote (Acraeinae) from southeastern and south­ ern Brazil are described: Actinote dalmeidai, A. catarina and A. bonita, Diagnoses and illustrations are provided for the new species and for the previously described A. alalia , A. conspicua, A. 8urima, and A. quadra, Additional key words. Actinote dalmeidai, A. catarina, A. honda, mimicry, Butte rflies of the genus Actinote Hubner (Acraeinae) are well known for their involve ment in Mulle rian mimicry complexes (Brown & Ben­ son 1974, Francini 1989, Brown & Francini 1990) and for their intra­ specific variation in wing coloration and pattern. These two features ac­ count for the large number of varieties, subspecies, and species that have been described since the beginning of this century. The species de scribed herein belong to the "orangish re d mimicry complex" of Francini (1989) and the "alalia mimicry complex" of Brown and Francini (1990), both of which include the deep orange colored Actinote alalia (Felder), A. conspicua (Jordan), and A. surima Schaus. Species in this mimicry complex are generally univoltine, the adults fly­ ing during the wet season. They are restricted to forested areas in which the humidity is high all year long. In latitudes south of 23°S, they are found only at elevations above 1000 m. Species in this mimicry complex are characterized by a dark orange and brown striped pattern, and a hindwing upper surface with a dark brown margin from the costal to the anal area, the width of which is di­ agnostic for the species. The pattern observed in the under surface of the hindwing, although variable, is one of the most useful diagnostic features for the species. Herein we present descriptions of three new cryptic species of Actinote in the "orangish red" complex, commonly misidentified as Actinote alalia (Felder). Diagnoses, illustrations of male and fe male genitalia, synonymies, and observations on the natural his­ tory of previously described orange-colored species of Actinote also are provided. I Current address: Department of Biology, University of Oregon. Ellgene, Oregon H7403, USA 310 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY MATERIALS AND ME1'IJODS The specimens studied are deposited in the following institutions: De­ partment of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba PR Bra­ zil (DZ); Museu Anchieta, Porto Alegre RS Brazil (MAPA). Adults and immatures from two private collections also were studied: Olaf H. H. Mielke (OM, at Universidade Federal do Parana), and R. B. Francini (RBF, now incorporated into the collection of Museu de Zoologia USP). Dissections were performed after treatment with 10% KOB. Dissected parts were kept in a solution of glycerin and 70% ethanol, and are de­ posited in the collections along with adult specimens. The presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and cyanogenic glycosides was detected using the techniques described in Francini (1989) and Brown and Francini (I 990). Actinole dalmeidai Francini, new species (Figs. la, 2a-d, 3a) Actillotc alalia D'Almeida 193.5a:71, 9:3; Bro",,) 1987:41; Bro"", 1988:36; Francini 1989:41. Actinote sp. close to alalia, Brown 1992:158. Diagnosis. Actinote dalmeidai can be distinguis]wd frOIn otber species by the follow­ ing features: forewing upper surface orange stripe number 1 and spot number 2 rarely filsed. Hindwing under surface whitish yellow, normally ,,~th a dark brownish orange area present distal to V-shaped mark, variable in size. In males, last tergurn of abdomen ShOli, truncate. Valvae relatively thin and bowed, apex rounded. Of all orange species present ill Soutbeastern Brazil, the wing pattern of A. dalmedai is most similar to that of A. alalia. Description. Male (Fig. la): f()[ewing length 23 to 34 mm; holotype 29 mm. Forewing upper surface with orange stripes and spots normally clearly separated by brown scales, orange stripe number 1 and spot Dumber 2 rarely fused. Hindwing upper surface with s"me color pattern as foreWing, with variable V-shaped mark. IIindwing under surbee whitish yellow, somewhat "smoky;" a brownish orange area (darker than upper surface) normally present distal to V-shaped mark, more faint towards margin, from nearly absent to almost covering entire under surbce of the wing, both distal and caudal of the V-shaped mark; dark margin extended from costal to anal areas visible on under surface. In males, last tergum of abdomen short, truncate. Male genitalia (Fig. 2a-d): valvae relatively thin and bowed, apex rounded. Shape of tbe uncus+tegumen, juxta and aedeagus vmiabJe. Fe­ nUlle: as described for male, but upper and under surfaces of the wings palcr. Fellwle gen­ italia: sterigma small, sculptured (Fig. 3a). Distribution. Southeastern Brazilian highlands, known from the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Cerais, Sao Paulo, Parana; few specimens known from thc states of Santa Catmina and Rio Grande do SuI. Types. Holotype male: BRAZIL: Parana, Sao Jose dos Pinhais. 850m, 26Xl.1978 (0. H. Mielke) (DZ 3734). Paratypes: BRAZIL: 100 Rio de Janeiro, MalHi, Itatiaia 1200m XII.1957 (DZ 3126, 3717-21, 3743-44, 3754, 3758); 20 Rio de Janeiro, Resende, itatiaia, 1200m, 10.1.1973 (DZ 3712-13); 10 Rio de Janeiro Itatiaia, Nordostseite, 1:300m, Xn.19.57 (DZ 3722); 2el Rio de Janeiro, !tatiaia, Sudseite, 1100m, 4XU. 1963 (DZ 3715-16); lel Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Siidseite, 800m, 12.I.1969 (DZ 3714); 10 Minas Gerais, Juiz de Fora, 500-800m, 17XI.19S:3 (DZ 3476); 10 Minas Gerais, Po<;,os de Caldas, 12.50m, 24.12.1966 (DZ 3723); lel Sao Paulo, Eug. Lefevre, Campos do Jordao, 1200m, 2xn.19:37 (DZ 3710); 10 Sao Paulo, Eng. Lefevre, Campos do Jordao, 1200m, 17.Xll.1952 (DZ 37.1 I); Ie) Sao Paulo, Eug. Let'(,vre, Campos do Jordao, 1200m, 8XIl.1957 (DZ 3733); lcl Sao Paulo, 130- racea, Sales6polis, 13XIL1941 (DZ 3724); 9(\ Parana, Cmitiba, lOXU.1969 (DZ 3124. 314.5,3140,3117,3748-.52), 2c5 Parana, Curitiba, 1:3Xn.1968 (DZ .37.5:3,37.56); lcl Parana, Curitiba, 20.n1.1988 (DZ 3742); 10 Parana, Piraquara, 13XU.1969 (DZ ,3747); ld Pm'ana, VOLUME50,NuMBER4 311 a b c Fie. 1. Upper and under surfaces (left and right respectively) of three new species of Actinote. (a) A dalmeidai Francini, new species. Ilolotype 6 DZ 3734, forewing length 29 mrn. See text for explanation on stlipe TlllmUer 1 and spot numuer 2; (b) A catarina PeTlz, new species. Holotype 6 DZ 3139, forewing length 30 rnm; (c) A bonita Penz, new spe­ cies. Holotype (\ DZ :37fll, forewing length 27 mm. Scale bar: lOrnrn. 312 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY d ~_ e h VOLUME 50, NUMBER 4 313 a ................ ....•.. ....: .......... r'::" c e FIG. 3. Female genitalia of three new species of ActirlOte; the line to the left of the fig­ ure schematically represents the cross section. Actinote dalrneidai Francini, new species. Female genitalia RBF collection: (a) sterigma. Actinote catarina Penz, new species. Fe­ male genitalia MAPA collection: (b) sterigma; (c) sphragis. Actinote honita Penz, new spe­ cies. Female genitalia DZ collection: (d) sterigma; (e) sphragis. Scale bar: 1 mm. FIG. 2. Male genitalia of three new species of Actinote. Actinote dalrneidai Francini, new species. Male genitalia DZ 3126: (a) dorsal view, (b) lateral view, (c) ventral view; RBF L659#52: (d) 8th sternum. Actinote catarina Penz, ncw species. Male genitalia MAPA 6011: (e) dorsal view, (f) lateral view, (g) ventral view; DZ 3150: (h) 8th sternum. Actirwte honita Penz, new species. Male genitalia DZ 3118: (i) dorsal view, (j) lateral view, (k) ventral view, (I) 8th sternum. Scale bar: 1 mm. 314 JOUHNAL OF THE LEPlDOPTER1STS' SOCIETY Sao Jose dm Pinhais, 8,SOm , 14.XIl.1966 (DZ :3746); ld Param\, Sao Jose dos Pinhais, 850m, 17.xI1.l966 (DZ :3745); 1:3(\ Parana, Sao Jose dos Pinhais, 850m, 26.xn.1978 (DZ :3141-42,3149,3159,3313, :37:30-32, :3735, :3741, :3755, :3757); 1,5(~ Parana, Sao Jose dos Pinhais, 8,50m, 15.xn.1979 (DZ :3114, :314:3-44, :3146, :31,54-55, :343:3 , :3475, 3728-28, 3736-40); ld Parana no date (DZ 37(9); 30 Santa Catarina, Sao Bento do SuI, S50m, 2.x1I.1969 (DZ :3122,3725,3727; I d Santa Catalina, Sao Bento do Sui, 850m, 3.xn.1969 (DZ 3726); I d Rio Grande do SuI, Cambara do SuI, ltailllbezinho, 2.1.1981 (DZ 3113). Holotype and paratypes at the Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil (DZ) Etymology. The species is named after Homualdo Ferreira D'Almeida (1891- 1969). We acknowledge the work of this passionate lepidopterist, who took the first steps toward the better understanding of the taxonomy of Actinote in Brazil. Biology. HOSTPLA NTS: Eupatorium punctu/atllm, Eup(Jtoriu1/! sp. (RB.F. pel's. obs.). IMMATURES: eggs of A daimeiriai are barrel-shaped, yellow when freshly laid, pale salmon when mature; micropyle depression present; depos.ited in dense clusters of 200--300, packed together very elosely. Mature larva with background coloration bluish green; head green; scoli short. Pupa white with black markings, ,5 pairs of dorsal spines. TOXICITY: pyrrolizidine alkaloids were de tected in the adults; strong cyanogenesis is pre­ sent in all stages (Brown & Francini 1990). MIM ICRY: Actil10te dalmeidai was included in the "orangish red mirnicIY complex" of Francini (1989) and "alalia mimiclY complex" of Brown and Francini ( 1990). Actinote catarina Penz, new species (Figs. 1b, 2e-h, 3b-c) Diagnosis. Actinote catarina can be distinguished from other species by the f()llowing features: foreWing orange stripe number] and spot number 2 frequently fused; other spots also commonly fused.
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