The American Library Association has a longstanding record of promoting library and information services to older adults. Guidelines for These guidelines, first developed in the 1970s, have been updated to respond to the changing demographics of an ag- ing U.S. population. In 2007, one of every five persons was Library and 55 years or older, or over 68 million people. The aging of the “baby boomers” will add to these numbers well into the next decade, and the lengthening of the average lifespan is Information creating several generations of older adults at a time that the United States has become more ethnically and linguistically diverse. As a result, the current population of older adults is Services to Older the most heterogeneous in U.S. history. These updated guide- lines reflect a basic principle in library services to older adults that recognizes this diversity and discourages stereotyping in Adults planning collections, programs, and services for this growing population. For purposes of these guidelines, an “older adult” is de- fined as a person at least 55 years old. The updating of these guidelines began in 2005. Current and past members of the Committee on Library Service to an Aging Population and the Office of Literacy and Outreach Developed by the Library Services to Services (OLOS) Library Service to the Aging Subcommittee an Aging Population Committee of contributed to this revision. the Management and User Services Section of the Reference and User Services Association of the American Library Association 1987. Revised 1999, Guidelines for Library and approved by RUSA Board of Directors, Information Services to Older Adults 1999. Revised 2008 by the Library 1.0 Acquire current data about the older Service to an Aging Population Committee of the Reference Services population and incorporate it into planning and Section of the Reference and User budgeting. Services Association of the American 1.1 Conduct surveys on a regular basis of the older popu- Library Association. Approved by RUSA lation and the aging service providers in the community, Board of Directors, 2008. including their numbers, demographic characteristics, and other information, such as their location and housing; edu- cational, socioeconomic, and ethnic background; religious organizations and other groups to which they belong; agen- cies that serve them; and the local media that targets older adults in the community.

1.2 Supplement surveys with focus groups and user studies among the community’s older population to determine their needs and interests and to gauge how services, collections, and programs might be made more appropriate and relevant to this population.

1.3 Collect data on the specific and varied information needs

volume 48, issue 2 | 209 Guidelines for Library and Information SErvices to Older Adults of older adults due to language, culture, education, income, programs or services that would encourage library use. Internet skills and access, gender identity/expression, sexual orientation, and age. 2.6 Work with state library agencies that may provide staff training and development and information resources for 1.4 Utilize the above data in combination with the more gen- older adults. eral informational needs basic to older adults in their every- day lives. Such subjects include: health, health care, social se- curity, financial planning, housing, independent living, elder 3.0 Make the library’s collections and physical law, caregiving (including grandparenting), lifelong learning facilities safe, comfortable, and inviting for all (including adult literacy and computer skills), community older adults. service, civic engagement, and volunteering. The library’s col- 3.1 Evaluate your library’s accessibility by older adults with lections, programs, and informational services should reflect physical, visual, aural, reading, and other disabilities, accord- the diverse interests and needs of older adults. ing to the Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities of the Americans with Disabilities Act. 1.5 Ensure that any services that target older adults are an integral and ongoing part of the library’s operations and 3.2 Consider providing at least one wheelchair in the library budget. Additional funding may be required for collections, for public use. accessibility equipment/software, and the time expended by library staff in services to older adults and community. If a 3.3 Accommodate users for whom prolonged standing is special grant or external funding is sought to support a pilot difficult by placing chairs or stools near stacks, information or demonstration program, consider how the program will desks, check-out areas, computer terminals, and other areas. be integrated into the library’s regular budget and services at If possible, create a “Senior Space,” using easy chairs gath- the end of the grant. ered in an area adjacent to books and magazines of interest to older adults. 1.6 Involve older adults in the library’s planning process by establishing an advisory committee. This committee might 3.4 Consider placing materials frequently used by older include older adults who are regular library users; library adults on easily accessible shelves. volunteers, staff, board members, or members of the library’s Friends group; and leaders of organizations of older adults 3.5 Place paperbacks, clearly labeled and well spaced, in ar- and other community organizations. eas of the library that are especially well lit, accommodating older adults who prefer paperbacks over heavier and more 2.0 Ensure that the special needs and interests cumbersome hardback books. of older adults in your community are reflected in the library’s collections, programs, and 3.6 Assure that spacing between shelving accommodates us- services. ers in wheelchairs. 2.1 Appoint a librarian to act as a coordinator of services to 3.7 Ensure that signage is clear, Brailled (where appropriate), older adults, ensuring that there is at least one designated staff and readily visible to all, including users in wheelchairs. Li- member monitoring and developing the library’s collections brary brochures should be in at least 14-point font type. and services with older adults in mind. 3.8 Provide at least one computer station prominently labeled 2.2 Consider how the library can be made more visible, more and installed with large type software for older adults with welcoming, and more relevant to older adult users. low-vision. If needs warrant and resources are available, ac- quire other assistive technology such as a stand-alone Reading 2.3 Advertise the library’s services and website in local news- Machine that speaks the book’s text to a blind reader; speech papers, magazines, radio, or television programs that target synthesizer and related software; low-tech magnification; and older adults, and in senior centers, nutrition programs, and other devices. residential housing. 3.9 Provide TTY access, closed-captioned videotapes, and 2.4 Offer to speak to organizations of older adults about the assistive listening systems to older adults with hearing dis- library’s services on a regular basis. abilities.

2.5 Establish an ongoing liaison with agencies that serve 3.10 Acquire and make available books and periodicals in older adults (especially senior centers that employ activity large print. coordinators) to explore cooperative programming, recruit volunteers or friends of the library, and seek suggestions for

210 | Reference & User Services Quarterly Guidelines for Library and Information Services to Older Adults 4.0 Make the library a focal point for information in advertising programs, or providing book displays and services to older adults. booklists in conjunction with the library’s programs. 4.1 Cooperate with local Area Agencies on Aging, senior 5.7 Consider providing computer and Internet courses spe- nutrition programs, senior volunteer programs, and others cifically designed for older adults to accommodate a slower in the aging service provider network by advertising their pace of instruction, provide sufficient time to develop “mous- service and making their publications and other information ing skills,” and allow for the possibility that some older adults more readily accessible. The library can provide an invaluable may have visual, physical, or hearing disabilities. If possible, service by organizing and consolidating information about include individual tutoring provided by peers or others. government and community programs and services available to older adults. 5.8 Explore opportunities to provide library services and pro- gramming to older adults outside the library, such as in senior 4.2 Consider developing or expanding the library’s website or community centers, nursing homes, and senior housing to provide links to the sites of organizations of older adults, units. Consider offering computer and Internet training in government departments and agencies serving older adults, these locations. newspapers and other websites whose focus is older adults. 5.9 Use library displays to combat ageism or the stereotypes 4.3 Ensure that the library’s collection includes materials that in our society about older adults. are pertinent for caregivers of older adults, for their children or other family members, and for professional caregivers in 5.10 Provide opportunities for older adults to volunteer in the community. the library.

5.0 Target the older population in library 5.11 Create opportunities for lifelong learning programs. programming. 6.0 Reach out to older adults in the community 5.1 Incorporate adequate funding for programs, materials, and services for older adults in the library’s operating budget, who are unable to travel to the library. and actively seek supplemental funding through partnerships 6.1 Survey community needs and consider library budget with other agencies, organizations, and foundations inter- planning to accommodate possible increases in demand for ested in serving older adults. outreach services such as delivery of library materials by mail and mobile library services. Analyze community demograph- 5.2 Plan programs each year that specifically target older ics, population forecasts, and housing trends to plan to meet adults and enhance their ability to remain independent and this need effectively. skillful library users. Publicizing such programs can heighten the library’s visibility among the older population. 6.2 Offer the library’s services to assistive living, alternative housing, senior day care, congregate meals sites, senior com- 5.3 Select themes for programs that deal with specific inter- munity centers, nursing homes, and senior residential or care ests of older adults identified through user surveys, focus homes in the community. Also offer assistance to older adults groups, or circulation statistics reflecting borrowing patterns who are confined to private residences or who are unable to by older adults. carry library materials home.

5.4 Plan programs for specific age groups or generations 6.3 Advertise the library’s services through local media, pub- within the older population, being aware that interests and lic health agencies, and other agencies that work with older information needs vary greatly. adults.

5.5 Include intergenerational programs and participate in 6.4 Eliminate waiting lists for library services through inno- intergenerational projects sponsored by others in the com- vative approaches to delivery of materials, a redistribution of munity. Consider partnerships with local schools, daycare personnel, or establishment of a volunteer delivery system. facilities, or community organizations. Partner with Regional Libraries for the Blind and Physically Handicapped to expand available services. 5.6 Pursue other opportunities for cooperative programming with partners such as community and senior centers; Area 7.0 Train the library’s staff to serve older adults Agencies on Aging and other community agencies; and edu- with courtesy and respect. cational institutions offering continuing educational programs for older adults. Cooperative efforts might involve active par- 7.1 Provide sensitivity training to staff at all levels to make ticipation in planning and delivering programs, assistance them aware of difficulties older adults may have in using the

volume 48, issue 2 | 211 Guidelines for Library and Information SErvices to Older Adults library, and how to make the library a more welcoming and Bibliography comfortable place for older adults. Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board. ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG), 2002. 7.2 Train staff to recognize and combat ageism and stereo- www.access-board.gov/adaag/html/adaag.htm (accessed June 6, types about older adults. 2008). Association for Library Service to Children, American Library Asso- ciation. 2004. “Books for Children Portraying Aging and Older 7.3 Ensure that all staff are aware of any special services the Characters in a Positive Light.” www.gwumc.edu/cahh/booklist/ library offers that may be of interest to older adults, such as booklist_20041110.pdf (accessed June 6, 2008). home delivery service, a talking books collection, a service International Longevity Center (New York). 2006. Ageism in America. to retrieve materials from the stacks, reading aids, or waiving www.ilcusa.org/pages/publications/ageism-caregiving-sleep/age- of fines or fees. ism-in-america.php (accessed June 6, 2008). Mates, Barbara T. 5-Star Programming and Services for Your 55+ Library Customers. Chicago: ALA, 2003. 7.4 Promote the employment of older adults as professional Missouri State Library (Jefferson City, Missouri). 2002. Serving Seniors: and support staff members. A Resource Manual for Missouri Libraries. www.sos.mo.gov/library/ development/services/seniors/manual (accessed June 6, 2008). Rubin, Rhea. Intergenerational Programming, a How-To-Do-It Manual for Librarians. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 1993.

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT: Reference & User Services Quarterly, Publication No 472-580, is published quarterly by the American Library Association (ALA), 50 E. Huron St., Chicago, Illinois 60611-2795. It is the official publication of the Reference and User Services Association, a division of ALA. Annual subscription price, $65.00. American Library Association, 50 E. Huron St., Chicago, Il 60611-2795, owner; Reference and User Services Association, 50 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL 60611-2795, publisher; Diane Zabel, The Louis and Virginia Benzak Business Librarian, Schreyer Business Library, The Pennsylvania State University, 309 Paterno Library, University Park, PA 16802- 1810, editor. Periodicals class postage paid at Chicago, Illinois, and at additional mailing offices. Printed in U.S.A. As a nonprofit organization authorized to mail at special rates (Section 423-12, Domestic Mail Manual), the purpose, func- tion, and nonprofit status of this organization and the exempt status for federal income tax purposes has not changed during the preceding twelve months.

EXTENT AND NATURE OF CIRCULATION: (“Average” figures denote the average number of copies printed each is- sue during the previous twelve months. “Actual” figures denote actual numbers of copies of single issue published nearest to the filing date—Summer 2007 issue.) Total number of copies printed: Average, 6,558; Actual, 6,243. Sales through dealers, carriers, street vendors and counter sales: Average, 413; Actual, 382. Other classes mailed through the USPS: Average, none; Actual, none. Total paid and/or requested circulation: Average, 5,985; Actual, 5,845. Free distribution by mail, carrier, or other means, samples, complimentary and other free copies: Average, 271; Actual, 163. Total distri- bution: Average, 6,256; Actual, 6,008. Copies not distributed: office use, leftover, unaccounted, spoiled after printing: Average, 302; Actual, 235. Total (previous three entries): Average, 6,558; Actual, 6,243. Percent paid and/or requested circulation: Average, 95.67; Actual, 97.29.

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