DOCSLIB.ORG

From Molecular Understanding to Innovative Applications of Humic Substances

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Volume I From Molecular Understanding to Innovative Applications of Humic Substances Proceedings of the 14th International Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society Editors Irina V. Perminova Natalia A. Kulikova September 14-19, 2008 Moscow – Saint Petersburg Russia Copy of this publication can be ordered at: Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 1-3 119992 Moscow Russia E-mail: [email protected] Tel./Fax: +7(495)939-55-46 (Attn: Dr. Irina Perminova) From Molecular Understanding to Innovative Applications of Humic Substances; Proceedings of the 14th International Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society, September 14-19, 2008, Moscow – Saint Petersburg, Russia, Editors: I. V. Perminova, N. A. Kulikova, Vol. II, Humus Sapiens, Moscow, 2008, 380 pp. Dedication to the memory of Professor Dmitry S. Orlov This book is to commemorate the memory of Professor Dmitry Orlov, who was an outstanding Soviet/Russian scientist. Dmity Orlov contributed immensely into development of humus chemistry. His works gave seeds to many contemporary ideas about genesis, structure and functions of soil humic substances. Dmitry Orlov was a system-scientist. His fundamental work: “The general theory of humification” laid foundations to quantitative description of evolution of soil humic substances. He was a bright thinker and a great teacher. His books, thoughts, and pupils are the best memorial to his deal and spirit. We were fortunate to know him personally and hoped so much to give a chance to the international community to experience his touch at the IHSS-14 conference in September 2008. This was to be the first IHSS conference in Russia, and he inaugurated the conference by accepting an offer to become an honorable head of its scientific committee. To commemorate outstanding contribution and devotion of Professor Orlov to humic science, the scientific committee of the conference has decided to dedicate IHSS-14 to his name. Let his spirit be and live with us. Irina V. Perminova Сoordinator of CIS-IHSS Co-Chair of the Organizing Committee of the IHSS-14 Meeting iii Scientific Committee Orlov, Dmitry S. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (Honorable Chairman) Abbt-Braun, Gudrun, University of Karlsruhe (TH), Germany Bloom, Paul, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA (President IHSS) Chen, Yona, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel Chukov, Serafim N., Saint Petersburg State University, Russia Clapp, C. Edward, USDA-ARS/University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA Coates, John D., University of California, Berkeley, USA Cooper, William T., Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA Gjessing, Egil T., University of Oslo, Norway Frimmel, Fritz H., Universiy of Karlsruhe (TH), Germany Fukushima, Masami, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan Hatcher, Patrick G., Ohio State University, Columbus, USA Hatfield, Kirk, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA Hertkorn, Norbert, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany Knicker, Heike, Technical University of Munich, Germany Koroleva, Olga V., Bach Institute of Biochemistry of RAS, Russia Martin-Neto, Ladislau, Embrapa, Sao Carlos, Brazil Miyajima, Tohru, Saga University, Japan De Nobili, Maria, University of Udine, Italy (Past President IHSS) Perdue, E. Michael, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA Perminova, Irina V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (Co-Chair) Senesi, Nicola, University of Bari, Italy Swift, Roger, University of Qeensland, Australia Tipping, Ed, Lancaster Environment Centre, UK Tombacz, Etelka, University of Szeged, Hungary Twardowska, Irena, Institute of Environmental Engineering of PAS, Zabrze, Poland Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany Weber, Jerzy, Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Poland (Co-Chair, Vice-President IHSS) iv Organizing Committee Lunin, Valery, Academician of RAS, Dean of Dept. of Chemistry, Lomonosov MSU (Co-Chair of the Organizing Committee) Perminova, Irina, Сoordinator of CIS-IHSS (Co-Chair of the Organizing Committee) Ryzhnev, Vadim, General Director, JSC "NPO “Chimavtomatika" (Co-Chair of the Organizing Committee) Kulikova, Natalia, Dept. of Soil Science, Lomonosov MSU (Secretary of the Organizing Committee) Abakumov, Eugeny, Dept. of Soil Ecology, SPbSU Aparin, Boris, Chair of Soil Ecology Department, SPbSU Bezuglova, Olga, Dept. of Agrochemistry, SFU Dubenenkov, Ivan, Dept. of Chemistry, Lomonosov MSU Khitrov, Nikolay, Director of Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute of RAAS Kholodov, Vladimir, Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute of RAAS Kononikhin, Alexey S., Institute of Biochemical Physics of RAS Konstantinov, Andrey, Dept. of Chemistry, Lomonosov MSU Kudryavtsev, Alexey, Dept. of Chemistry, Lomonosov MSU Nadporozhskaya, Marina, Soil Ecology Department, SPbSU Nikolaev, Eugene, Institute of Biochemical Physics of RAS Philippova, Olga, Dept. of Soil Science, Lomonosov MSU Popov, Igor, Institute of Biochemical Physics of RAS Popov, Vladimir, Director of Bach Institute of Biochemistry of RAS Shoba, Sergei, Corr. Member of RAS, Dean of the Dept. of Soil Science, MSU Sorkina, Tatyana, Dept. of Chemistry, Lomonosov MSU Tarasova, Natalia, Corr. Member of RAS, Mendeleev Chemical Technology University Yakimenko, Olga, Dept. of Soil Science, Lomonosov MSU Organizing Committee – Organizations Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) JSC "NPO “Chimavtomatika" Saint Petersburg State University (SPbSU) Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of RAS Bach Institute of Biochemistry of RAS Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute of RAAS Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences NCP "Center for Biogenic Resources "Humus Sapiens" Holding "Biomir 2000" v Sponsors General sponsor – Government of Moscow (www.mos.ru) IHSS – Travel Awards (www.ihss.gatech.edu) Sponsor – IUPAC (www.iupac.org) Exhibition sponsor – Biomir 2000 (www.humate-sakhalin.ru) Conference sponsor – Biocorrection (www.biocorrection.com) Conference sponsor – Russian Foundation for Basic Research (www.rfbr.ru) Poster session sponsor – Bruker (www.bruker.ru) Technical support – Epson (www.epson.ru) vi Preface The 20th century was the century of the petrochemical economy. With oil prices steadily climbing up, development of alternative feedstocks is critical to maintain the viability of the manufacturing industry. The 21st century is announced a century of bioeconomy based on a use of plant biomass produced by photosynthesis within biological rather than geologic time. With the sources encompassing lignites, peats, sapropels, composts, organic wastes, and others, humic materials occupy a niche between fossil rocks and fresh biomass. The most striking feature of humic materials is constellation of unique properties such as non-toxicity, biocompatibility, resistance to biodegradation, and polyfunctionality. As a result, these materials can be competitive on the market of biobased products, e.g., biocompatible plastic, “green” chemicals (flocculants, chelators), biosorbents, detoxicants. Development of advanced fractionation can refine biomedical properties of humics inherent in the minor fractions. They can be used as elicitors, immunomodulators, and others. To elucidate the growing economic potential of humic materials, the 14th Meeting of International Humic Substances Society (IHSS-14) was entitled “From molecular understanding – to innovative applications of humic materials”. In appreciation of the industrial importance of the emerging concepts of humic science and technology, the conference was supported by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The meeting was invited by the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) IHSS Chapter and was held on September 14 – 19, 2008, aboard the ship traveling from Moscow to Saint Petersburg (Russia) (see the web-site: www.ihss-14.humus.ru). The aim of this conference was to expand the existing attitude toward humic substances as most abundant components of organic matter in soil and water to much broader understanding of potential of humic materials as alternative feedstock for biobased economy. This aim was in line with the long standing traditions of theoretical and applied science intrinsic to the Soviet-Russian schools in humic research. The works of soil scientists (M. Kononova, L. Alexandrova, D. Orlov), laid foundations to humification theory, to understanding structure and biospheric functions of humic substances. The coal chemists (G. Stadnikov, T. Kukharenko) contributed the most into industrial production of humates and elaborated the first state standard protocol for determination of humic acid yield. The pioneering works of L. Khristeva (Ukraine) on physiological activity broadened substantially agricultural vii applications of humates. The Belorussian scientists (N. Bambalov, F. Puntus) achieved substantial progress in production of biologically active humics from peat and sapropel. The main topics of the conference were: 1) Molecular understanding of humic substances (HS) and natural organic matter (NOM), 2) HS and NOM in the changing environment, 3) Physical-chemical and biological properties of HS and NOM, 4) Knowledge-based design and advanced separation of humic materials, 5) Industrial production and innovative applications of HS. The unique feature of this conference became the satellite exhibition “Humic materials – resources for the 21st century”. The purpose of organizing the scientific conference and industrial exhibition at the same venue was to bring together a league of experienced scientists with an association
Recommended publications
  • The Secret History of Extraterrestrials: Advanced Technology And

    The Secret History of Extraterrestrials: Advanced Technology And

    The Secret History of Extraterrestrials “With our present knowledge of the cosmos, there is now a real possibility of evolved and intelligent civilizations elsewhere in the vast cosmological space. And possible visitations and even encounters can no longer be ignored. Naturally we must tread with caution and not jump to conclusions too easily and too readily; but we must also keep an open mind and respect those bold investigators who apply rigorous research and common sense to this fascinating although very debated hypothesis. Len Kasten is such an investigator, and his book The Secret History of Extraterrestrials is a must for the libraries of all seekers of truth with unbiased minds.” ROBERT BAUVAL, AUTHOR OF THE ORION MYSTERY , MESSAGE OF THE SPHINX, AND BLACK GENESIS “Len Kasten has provided an up-to-date survey of the vast array of issues that are now emerging into the public consciousness regarding an extraterrestrial presence engaging the human race. For those who want to jump right into the pool and not just sit on the side and dangle their feet, take the plunge with The Secret History of Extraterrestrials.” STEPHEN BASSETT, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF PARADIGM RESEARCH GROUP “You can always count on Len Kasten to take you on a spellbinding galactic adventure, for he never fails to seek out ideas and theories that challenge your assumptions of what is true while firing your imagination. Whether in this dimension or another, be it past or future, your travels with Len Kasten will open your mind and introduce you to realities and experiences, you may have mistakenly assumed can exist only as fiction.” PAUL DAVIDS, DIRECTOR/PRODUCER OF JESUS IN INDIA AND EXECUTIVE PRODUCER/COWRITER OF ROSWELL: THE UFO COVERUP “This comprehensive book covers some of the most intriguing UFO and alien-contact cases ever reported.
  • Academician Oleg G

    Academician Oleg G

    Academician Oleg G. Gazenko: Tribute to a Legendary Scientist and Wonderful Man Mark Nelson, Ph.D. Chairman, Institute of Ecotechnics, Director of Environmental and Space Applications, Space Biospheres Ventures and member of first biospherians crew, Biosphere 2, 1991-1993 and Head, Biospheric Design Division, Global Ecotechnics Corporation Academician Oleg G. Gazenko was a titan in the field of space biology and the physiology and adaptation of humans to extreme environments. A legendary scientist, manager and leader, his career spans the earliest breaths of Earth organisms in space to the record-setting times of Russian cosmonauts in space stations. A student of Vernadsky who understood the importance of living in space, Dr. Gazenko supported the development of closed ecological systems and bioregenerative space life support research in Russia. He also facilitated the cooperation of Russian space scientists with the Biosphere 2 project and served during the first two year closure experiment as a member of its Scientific Advisory Committee. Oleg was also a man of philosophical depth and great humor. I recall sitting on a panel in Moscow with him in 1987 on the 30th anniversary of Sputnik, the first satellite to orbit the Earth, when he observed that humans had no difficulty in adapting to microgravity, their only difficulty was in dealing with the stress of returning to Earth’s gravity. There is the story of a Russian cosmonaut who had just returned to Earth after setting the then record, six months, for living in space. Lying on his back, an admirer placed a bouquet of flowers on his chest.
  • Using a Closed Ecological System to Study Earth's Biosphere Author(S): Mark Nelson, Tony L

    Using a Closed Ecological System to Study Earth's Biosphere Author(S): Mark Nelson, Tony L

    Using a Closed Ecological System to Study Earth's Biosphere Author(s): Mark Nelson, Tony L. Burgess, Abigail Alling, Norberto Alvarez-Romo, William F. Dempster, Roy L. Walford, John P. Allen Source: BioScience, Vol. 43, No. 4 (Apr., 1993), pp. 225-236 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1312123 . Accessed: 13/08/2011 02:01 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of California Press and American Institute of Biological Sciences are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to BioScience. http://www.jstor.org Using a Closed EcologicalSystem to Study Earth's Biosphere Initial results from Biosphere 2 Mark Nelson, Tony L. Burgess,Abigail Ailing, Norberto Alvarez-Romo,William F. Dempster, Roy L. Walford, and John P. Allen T he idea of creatingmaterially ber 1991. Initial results indicate that closed microbiospheres, in- the ecosystems in Biosphere 2 are cludinghumans, to study eco- Syntheticbiospheres maturing rapidly and functioning to logical processeshad its roots in sev- open the prospectfor maintain most introduced species. The eral branches of research. One was humans are healthy and producing the sealed microcosmsand open, but nearly all their nutritional require- mesocosms that comparativebiospherics II i ments from the boundary-defined, I~~~~~i i ~i ~ ~~~~~iii i .
  • Biospherics and Biosphere 2, Mission One (1991–1993)

    Biospherics and Biosphere 2, Mission One (1991–1993)

    Ecological Engineering 13 (1999) 15–29 Overview and Design Biospherics and Biosphere 2, mission one (1991–1993) John Allen a,*, Mark Nelson b a Global Ecotechnics Corporation, 7 Sil6er Hills Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA b Institute of Ecotechnics, 24 Old Gloucester St., London WC13AL, UK Received 12 November 1996; received in revised form 5 November 1997; accepted 30 November 1997 Abstract This paper outlines concepts, construction and operation of Biosphere 2, the large glass closed life facility in the mountains of southern Arizona, USA. Plans used concepts of systems ecology and biospherics from the early writings of V.I. Vernadsky, work of the Russian space program on closed ecological life support systems and other leading propo- nents of a total systems approach to ecology. Mission one was the first experimental closure of Biosphere 2 with eight crew members for 2 years, 1991–1993. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Biosphere 2; Biospherics; Systems ecology; Space program; Closed ecological systems; Life support 1. Biospheric theory background Biospherics can be defined as the science of energetically open, relatively materi- ally closed life systems that increase their free energy over time (Morowitz, 1979, 1988). In biospherics, one studies the total structure, dynamics and morphology of each life system, including its evolutionary history, together with all its interactions with other forces and entities such as gravity and the sun (Allen and Nelson, 1989). In 1989 at the Second International Workshop on Closed Ecological Systems at the Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, meeting participants passed a resolution outlining the scope of biospherics as the study of partially closed * Corresponding author.
  • Raymond M. Wheeler NASA Surface Systems Office, Mail Code NE-S, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 USA

    Raymond M. Wheeler NASA Surface Systems Office, Mail Code NE-S, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 USA

    PLANTS FOR HUMAN LIFE SUPPORT IN SPACE: FROM MYERS TO MARS Raymond M. Wheeler NASA Surface Systems Office, Mail Code NE-S, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 USA ABSTRACT capabilities began with Jack Myers and colleagues during Bioregenerative life support systems have been discussed since the 1950s (Myers, 1954; Miller and Ward, 1966). The the writings of Tsiolkovsky in the early 20th century. Central to basis for this work can be summarized by comparing the the concept is the use of photosynthetic organisms to regenerate general metabolic equations for human respiration and air and food. Bioregenerative research expanded rapidly in the photosynthesis (Myers, 1954; Gouleke and Oswald, 1964) 1950s and 60s through the work of Jack Myers and colleagues, (Fig. 1). These equations show that biomass (CH O) and and focused largely on algal systems. Testing even included 2 space flight experiments by Herb Ward in the 1960s, but oxygen (O2) can be generated through photosynthesis, bioregenerative research in the USA decreased soon after this. In while waste CO2 from human respiration can be removed contrast, the Russian BIOS projects led by Josef Gitelson and (Galston, 1992; Ferl et al., 2002). By choosing appropriate Henry Lisovsky maintained a steady pace of bioregenerative species, e.g., crops, a portion of this biomass can be food. research from the 1960s through the 1980s, including tests with A less obvious but equally valuable contribution is that human crews lasting up to several months. Around 1980, NASA waste water could be recycled to plants and the transpired initiated its Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) water vapor then condensed as clean water (Wolverton et Program, which focused on higher plant (crop) testing.