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From Molecular Understanding to Innovative Applications of Humic Substances

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From Molecular Understanding to Innovative Applications of Humic Substances Volume I From Molecular Understanding to Innovative Applications of Humic Substances Proceedings of the 14th International Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society Editors Irina V. Perminova Natalia A. Kulikova September 14-19, 2008 Moscow – Saint Petersburg Russia Copy of this publication can be ordered at: Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 1-3 119992 Moscow Russia E-mail: [email protected] Tel./Fax: +7(495)939-55-46 (Attn: Dr. Irina Perminova) From Molecular Understanding to Innovative Applications of Humic Substances; Proceedings of the 14th International Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society, September 14-19, 2008, Moscow – Saint Petersburg, Russia, Editors: I. V. Perminova, N. A. Kulikova, Vol. II, Humus Sapiens, Moscow, 2008, 380 pp. Dedication to the memory of Professor Dmitry S. Orlov This book is to commemorate the memory of Professor Dmitry Orlov, who was an outstanding Soviet/Russian scientist. Dmity Orlov contributed immensely into development of humus chemistry. His works gave seeds to many contemporary ideas about genesis, structure and functions of soil humic substances. Dmitry Orlov was a system-scientist. His fundamental work: “The general theory of humification” laid foundations to quantitative description of evolution of soil humic substances. He was a bright thinker and a great teacher. His books, thoughts, and pupils are the best memorial to his deal and spirit. We were fortunate to know him personally and hoped so much to give a chance to the international community to experience his touch at the IHSS-14 conference in September 2008. This was to be the first IHSS conference in Russia, and he inaugurated the conference by accepting an offer to become an honorable head of its scientific committee. To commemorate outstanding contribution and devotion of Professor Orlov to humic science, the scientific committee of the conference has decided to dedicate IHSS-14 to his name. Let his spirit be and live with us. Irina V. Perminova Сoordinator of CIS-IHSS Co-Chair of the Organizing Committee of the IHSS-14 Meeting iii Scientific Committee Orlov, Dmitry S. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (Honorable Chairman) Abbt-Braun, Gudrun, University of Karlsruhe (TH), Germany Bloom, Paul, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA (President IHSS) Chen, Yona, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel Chukov, Serafim N., Saint Petersburg State University, Russia Clapp, C. Edward, USDA-ARS/University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA Coates, John D., University of California, Berkeley, USA Cooper, William T., Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA Gjessing, Egil T., University of Oslo, Norway Frimmel, Fritz H., Universiy of Karlsruhe (TH), Germany Fukushima, Masami, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan Hatcher, Patrick G., Ohio State University, Columbus, USA Hatfield, Kirk, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA Hertkorn, Norbert, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany Knicker, Heike, Technical University of Munich, Germany Koroleva, Olga V., Bach Institute of Biochemistry of RAS, Russia Martin-Neto, Ladislau, Embrapa, Sao Carlos, Brazil Miyajima, Tohru, Saga University, Japan De Nobili, Maria, University of Udine, Italy (Past President IHSS) Perdue, E. Michael, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA Perminova, Irina V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia (Co-Chair) Senesi, Nicola, University of Bari, Italy Swift, Roger, University of Qeensland, Australia Tipping, Ed, Lancaster Environment Centre, UK Tombacz, Etelka, University of Szeged, Hungary Twardowska, Irena, Institute of Environmental Engineering of PAS, Zabrze, Poland Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany Weber, Jerzy, Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Poland (Co-Chair, Vice-President IHSS) iv Organizing Committee Lunin, Valery, Academician of RAS, Dean of Dept. of Chemistry, Lomonosov MSU (Co-Chair of the Organizing Committee) Perminova, Irina, Сoordinator of CIS-IHSS (Co-Chair of the Organizing Committee) Ryzhnev, Vadim, General Director, JSC "NPO “Chimavtomatika" (Co-Chair of the Organizing Committee) Kulikova, Natalia, Dept. of Soil Science, Lomonosov MSU (Secretary of the Organizing Committee) Abakumov, Eugeny, Dept. of Soil Ecology, SPbSU Aparin, Boris, Chair of Soil Ecology Department, SPbSU Bezuglova, Olga, Dept. of Agrochemistry, SFU Dubenenkov, Ivan, Dept. of Chemistry, Lomonosov MSU Khitrov, Nikolay, Director of Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute of RAAS Kholodov, Vladimir, Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute of RAAS Kononikhin, Alexey S., Institute of Biochemical Physics of RAS Konstantinov, Andrey, Dept. of Chemistry, Lomonosov MSU Kudryavtsev, Alexey, Dept. of Chemistry, Lomonosov MSU Nadporozhskaya, Marina, Soil Ecology Department, SPbSU Nikolaev, Eugene, Institute of Biochemical Physics of RAS Philippova, Olga, Dept. of Soil Science, Lomonosov MSU Popov, Igor, Institute of Biochemical Physics of RAS Popov, Vladimir, Director of Bach Institute of Biochemistry of RAS Shoba, Sergei, Corr. Member of RAS, Dean of the Dept. of Soil Science, MSU Sorkina, Tatyana, Dept. of Chemistry, Lomonosov MSU Tarasova, Natalia, Corr. Member of RAS, Mendeleev Chemical Technology University Yakimenko, Olga, Dept. of Soil Science, Lomonosov MSU Organizing Committee – Organizations Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) JSC "NPO “Chimavtomatika" Saint Petersburg State University (SPbSU) Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of RAS Bach Institute of Biochemistry of RAS Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute of RAAS Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences NCP "Center for Biogenic Resources "Humus Sapiens" Holding "Biomir 2000" v Sponsors General sponsor – Government of Moscow (www.mos.ru) IHSS – Travel Awards (www.ihss.gatech.edu) Sponsor – IUPAC (www.iupac.org) Exhibition sponsor – Biomir 2000 (www.humate-sakhalin.ru) Conference sponsor – Biocorrection (www.biocorrection.com) Conference sponsor – Russian Foundation for Basic Research (www.rfbr.ru) Poster session sponsor – Bruker (www.bruker.ru) Technical support – Epson (www.epson.ru) vi Preface The 20th century was the century of the petrochemical economy. With oil prices steadily climbing up, development of alternative feedstocks is critical to maintain the viability of the manufacturing industry. The 21st century is announced a century of bioeconomy based on a use of plant biomass produced by photosynthesis within biological rather than geologic time. With the sources encompassing lignites, peats, sapropels, composts, organic wastes, and others, humic materials occupy a niche between fossil rocks and fresh biomass. The most striking feature of humic materials is constellation of unique properties such as non-toxicity, biocompatibility, resistance to biodegradation, and polyfunctionality. As a result, these materials can be competitive on the market of biobased products, e.g., biocompatible plastic, “green” chemicals (flocculants, chelators), biosorbents, detoxicants. Development of advanced fractionation can refine biomedical properties of humics inherent in the minor fractions. They can be used as elicitors, immunomodulators, and others. To elucidate the growing economic potential of humic materials, the 14th Meeting of International Humic Substances Society (IHSS-14) was entitled “From molecular understanding – to innovative applications of humic materials”. In appreciation of the industrial importance of the emerging concepts of humic science and technology, the conference was supported by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The meeting was invited by the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) IHSS Chapter and was held on September 14 – 19, 2008, aboard the ship traveling from Moscow to Saint Petersburg (Russia) (see the web-site: www.ihss-14.humus.ru). The aim of this conference was to expand the existing attitude toward humic substances as most abundant components of organic matter in soil and water to much broader understanding of potential of humic materials as alternative feedstock for biobased economy. This aim was in line with the long standing traditions of theoretical and applied science intrinsic to the Soviet-Russian schools in humic research. The works of soil scientists (M. Kononova, L. Alexandrova, D. Orlov), laid foundations to humification theory, to understanding structure and biospheric functions of humic substances. The coal chemists (G. Stadnikov, T. Kukharenko) contributed the most into industrial production of humates and elaborated the first state standard protocol for determination of humic acid yield. The pioneering works of L. Khristeva (Ukraine) on physiological activity broadened substantially agricultural vii applications of humates. The Belorussian scientists (N. Bambalov, F. Puntus) achieved substantial progress in production of biologically active humics from peat and sapropel. The main topics of the conference were: 1) Molecular understanding of humic substances (HS) and natural organic matter (NOM), 2) HS and NOM in the changing environment, 3) Physical-chemical and biological properties of HS and NOM, 4) Knowledge-based design and advanced separation of humic materials, 5) Industrial production and innovative applications of HS. The unique feature of this conference became the satellite exhibition “Humic materials – resources for the 21st century”. The purpose of organizing the scientific conference and industrial exhibition at the same venue was to bring together a league of experienced scientists with an association
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