Ageing in Malaysia

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ageing in Malaysia Session 3: Using Different Measures of Ageing: Country Case Studies, 25 February 2019, Expert Group Meeting on Measuring Population Ageing: Bridging Research and Policy, 25 ‐ 26 February 2019, Mandarin Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand Ageing in Malaysia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Tengku Aizan HAMID, DPSK [email protected] Director Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeingTM), Universiti Putra Malaysia Content • Introduction (TFR, Longevity, Inter‐state Migration) • Population Ageing in Malaysia • Policy & Population Issues • Conclusion [email protected] Geography of Malaysia • Malaysia is an upper‐middle income country with a GDP of USD 296.4 billion in 2015. Its Gross National Income (GNI) per capita ranks 3rd in Southeast Asia after Brunei and Singapore, and 44th in the world (World Bank, 2017). It is also the 44th most populous country in the world and ranks 66th globally in terms of country total area (330,603 km2). [email protected] [email protected] Malaysia at a Glance, Census 2010 & 2020 2010 2020 Population 27.5 million 33.8 million Living Quarters 7.3 million 9.9 million Households 6.4 million 8.2 million Household Size 4.2 persons 4.1 persons Administrative District 144 AD 157 AD Census District 812 CD 1,036 CD Enumeration Block 74,756 EB 103,524 EB Source: DOSM, 2018 Total Fertility Rate by Ethnicity, Malaysia, 1963 ‐ 2016 8.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.0 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.3 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.3 0.0 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Total Bumiputera Chinese Indian © MyAgeing TM • People are living longer Increasing Longevity and Malaysians on average have a life Life Expectancy at Birth and at 60 Years by Ethnicity, Malaysia, 1991 - 2015 expectancy level that is similar to other upper 2015 Life 1991 2000 2010 middle‐income (Estimated) countries. Expectancy Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female • Economic growth and At birth public health Total 69.2 73.4 70.0 74.7 71.9 76.6 72.5 77.4 development has Malay* 68.8 71.9 69.0 73.3 70.7 75.4 71.2 76.1 increased likelihood of Chinese 70.7 76.4 72.4 77.6 74.4 79.1 75.1 80.1 persons surviving into Indian 64.2 71.4 65.7 73.5 67.6 75.7 67.7 75.8 later life. At 60 years • An older person aged 60 Total 16.1 18.1 16.7 19.0 17.9 20.1 18.4 20.9 years old in 2015 can Malay* 15.7 16.9 15.9 17.8 17.1 19.4 17.6 20.0 reasonably expect to Chinese 16.8 20.2 18.1 21.1 19.1 21.7 19.9 22.8 live for another 17 to 23 14.2 17.6 15.2 19.1 16.9 19.8 17.5 20.1 years, depending on Indian their gender or * Including other Bumiputera ethnicity. Source: Department of Statistics (1997; 2002; 2015) [email protected] 5‐year Inter‐state Net Migrants by State, Malaysia, 1980 ‐ 2010 Source: NPFDB, 1999, DOSM, 1995, 2006, 2014, 2017 100200250 236.9 91.6 220.4 155.3 63.6 150200 50 44.2 150 100 100 0.5 2 500 19.3 ‐0.3 ‐1.4 ‐0.1 50 ‐7.4 19.2 ‐12.8 1.8 19.93.3 9.5 17.8 13.6 0 ‐19.2 2.9‐19.4 7.3 6.7 3.1 0.2 0 ‐5.3 ‐2.3 ‐2.5 ‐1.1 ‐3.5 ‐5.5 ‐50 ‐41 ‐1‐13.9 ‐2.1‐10 ‐2.9 ‐2.9 ‐11.8 Number in Thousands (‘000) Number in Thousands (‘000) Number in Thousands (‘000) Number in Thousands (‘000) ‐12.3 ‐14.4 ‐12.1 ‐50 ‐28.7 ‐21.8 ‐21 ‐24 ‐17 ‐50 ‐37.7 ‐35.9 ‐41.6 ‐71.1 ‐51.1 ‐58.8 ‐50.9‐70.2 ‐85.4 ‐94.2 ‐100 Perlis Perlis PerlisPerlis Johor JohorJohor Johor Perak Perak PerakPerak Sabah Sabah SabahSabah Kedah KedahKedah Kedah Melaka Melaka Melaka Melaka Pahang Pahang PahangPahang Sarawak Sarawak SarawakSarawak Selangor Selangor SelangorSelangor Kelantan Kelantan KelantanKelantan WP Labuan WP LabuanWP Labuan Terengganu Terengganu TerengganuTerengganu Pulau Pinang 2005 ‐1986 ‐1995 ‐1975 ‐ 20101991 20001980 Pulau Pinang Pulau PinangPulau Pinang WP Putrajaya Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan Negeri SembilanNegeri Sembilan WP Kuala Lumpur WP Kuala Lumpur WP Kuala LumpurWP Kuala Lumpur Population Ageing in Malaysia Age, Sex, Ethnic & Geographical Differences Source: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. WPP: The 2015 Revision. (Medium variant) • With the fertility and longevity patterns shown Changing Age Structure earlier, it comes as no Population in Malaysia by Age Group and Ethnicity, 2005 & 2015 surprise that the 2005 2015 Malaysian Chinese are Ethnicity 0-14 15-59 60+ 0-14 15-59 60+ ageing faster than other Number (in Thousands) ‘000 ethnic groups. Malay & Bumiputera 5,553.5 9,416.4 977.3 5,625.9 10,808.3 1,242.8 • 1 out of 12 Malaysians are Chinese 1,551.9 3,953.8 621.6 1,451.5 4,201.0 778.0 an older person in 2015. Indian 524.0 1,181.4 114.0 495.9 1,278.6 150.4 Others 115.5 148.7 13.1 94.3 126.5 11.4 • By 2020, it is expected Malaysian 7,744.9 14,700.3 1,726.0 7,667.6 16,414.2 2,182.4 that the number of older Non-Malaysian 294.4 1,530.6 49.0 154.5 2,103.7 66.2 persons will increase to Total 8,039.5 16,230.8 1,775.5 7,822.1 18,518.1 2,248.6 3.3 million, making up Percent about 11% of the total Malay & Bumiputera 34.8 59.1 6.1 31.8 61.1 7.0 population then. Chinese 25.3 64.5 10.1 22.6 65.3 12.1 2035 60+ population reaches 15% Indian 28.8 64.9 6.3 25.8 66.4 7.8 2020 65+ population reaches 7% Others 41.7 53.6 4.7 40.6 54.5 4.9 2020 Median age reaches 30 years old Malaysian 32.0 60.8 7.1 29.2 62.5 8.3 2042 Proportion of 60+ exceeds proportion of <15 Non-Malaysian 15.7 81.7 2.6 6.7 90.5 2.9 2017 Peak of proportion of 15‐59 Total 30.9 62.3 6.8 27.4 64.8 7.9 age group at 65.6% Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2014; 2015 Older Population (60+) in Malaysia, 1970 ‐ 2040 9000 25 Between 2020 and 2046, Malaysia’s 65+ population will double from 7% to 14% 8000 19.8 1 million 2 million 3 million 4 million 5 million 19.3 20 7000 18.8 18.3 17.9 17.4 17.0 16.6 16.1 6000 15.7 60+ 15.3 14.9 14.4 15 %60+ 14.0 13.6 5000 13.2 12.8 12.3 Source: Author’s Tabulation 11.9 11.5 11.1 www.data.gov.my (DOSM, 2017) & DOSM, 2016 10.7 4000 10.3 9.9 Percent (%) 9.6 9.2 10 8.9 8.6 8.4 8.1 7.9 7.6 3000 7.4 7.2 6.8 7.0 Number in Thousands (‘000) 6.6 6.7 6.3 6.4 6.1 6.2 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 2000 5 1000 0 0 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 Year Sex and Ethnic Differences, 2018 Life Expectancy Average Older Persons (60+) at Birth LIFE EXPECTANCY Ethnicity n (‘000) % Male Female Malays & Other Bumi. 1,879.0 9.2 71.4 76.2 Chinese 1,104.1 16.1 75.0 80.2 77.4At birth 72.7 Indian 244.3 11.7 67.8 76.3 Others 17.7 5.7 76.2 77.5 21.0 At 60 18.4 Non-Malaysian 143.7 4.5 n/a n/a Source: Abridged Life Tables, Malaysia, 2017 (DOSM, 2018) Total 60+ 3,388.6 10.3 72.7 77.4 Source: DOSM, 2016;2018 Comparison of 2000 & 2010 Censuses, Malaysia • Selangor has the largest population of older persons aged 60 years or over in 2010 but it is still a relatively young state.
Recommended publications
  • University Students' Perceptions on Inter-Ethnic Unity Among
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by UKM Journal Article Repository Jurnal Komunikasi Malaysian Journal of Communication Jilid 34(4) 2018: 134-153 University Students’ Perceptions on Inter-ethnic Unity among Malaysians: Situational Recognition, Social Self-Construal and Situational Complexity ARINA ANIS AZLAN CHANG PENG KEE Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia MOHD YUSOF ABDULLAH International University of Malaya-Wales, Kuala Lumpur ABSTRACT National unity is pertinent to the stability and progress of a country. For multi-ethnic nations such as Malaysia, diversity is perceived as a challenge to national unity. Extant literature shows that the different ethnic groups in Malaysia have expressed different ideals on inter-ethnic unity and differ in their ideas on how it may be achieved. To what extent do these differences exist? The purpose of this research was to investigate the perceptions of inter-ethnic unity in Malaysia among the three main ethnic groups. A survey measuring perceptions on the issue of inter-ethnic unity was distributed among 575 university students at four different institutions of higher learning in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. The results show that the different ethnic groups held similar problem perceptions in terms of problem recognition, involvement, constraint recognition, and did not differ significantly in terms of their social position on the problem. There were however, significant differences between the Chinese and Malay/Bumiputeras, as well as between the Chinese and Indians when it came to perceived level of knowledge and experience about the problem. The findings indicate that different ethnic groups may be differently equipped to handle the issue of inter-ethnic unity in Malaysia.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article High Prevalence of Alpha- and Beta-Thalassemia in the Kadazandusuns in East Malaysia
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Volume 2010, Article ID 706872, 5 pages doi:10.1155/2010/706872 Research Article High Prevalence of Alpha- and Beta-Thalassemia in the Kadazandusuns in East Malaysia: Challenges in Providing Effective Health Care for an Indigenous Group Jin-Ai Mary Anne Tan,1 Ping-Chin Lee,2 Yong-Chui Wee,1 Kim-Lian Tan,1 Noor Fadzlin Mahali,1 Elizabeth George,3 and Kek-Heng Chua1 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia 2 School of Science and Technology, University of Malaysia-Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 88999, Malaysia 3 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia, Putra Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia Correspondence should be addressed to Jin-Ai Mary Anne Tan, [email protected] Received 26 April 2010; Revised 30 June 2010; Accepted 20 July 2010 Academic Editor: Peter J. Oefner Copyright © 2010 Jin-Ai Mary Anne Tan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Thalassemia can lead to severe transfusion-dependent anemia, and it is the most common genetic disorder in Malaysia. This paper aims to determine the prevalence of thalassemia in the Kadazandusuns, the largest indigenous group in Sabah, East Malaysia. α- and β-thalassemia were confirmed in 33.6% and 12.8%, of the individuals studied respectively. The high prevalence of α-and β-thalassemia in the Kadazandusuns indicates that thalassemia screening, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis should be included as part of their healthcare system.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vulnerability of Bajau Laut (Sama Dilaut) Children in Sabah, Malaysia
    A position paper on: The vulnerability of Bajau Laut (Sama Dilaut) children in Sabah, Malaysia Asia Pacific Refugee Rights Network (APRRN) 888/12, 3rd Floor Mahatun Plaza, Ploenchit Road Lumpini, Pratumwan 10330 Bangkok, Thailand Tel: +66(0)2-252-6654 Fax: +66(0)2-689-6205 Website: www.aprrn.org The vulnerability of Bajau Laut (Sama Dilaut) children in Sabah, Malaysia March 2015 Background Statelessness is a global man-made phenomenon, variously affecting entire communities, new-born babies, children, couples and older people, and can occur because of a bewildering array of causes. According to UNHCR, at least 10 million people worldwide have no nationality. While stateless people are entitled to human rights under international law, without a nationality, they often face barriers that prevent them from accessing their rights. These include the right to establish a legal residence, travel, work in the formal economy, access education, access basic health services, purchase or own property, vote, hold elected office, and enjoy the protection and security of a country. The Bajau Laut (who often self-identify as Sama Dilaut and are referred to by others as ‘Pala’uh’) are arguably some of the most marginalised people in Malaysia. Despite records of their presence in the region dating back for centuries, today many Bajau Laut have no legal nationality documents bonding them to a State, are highly vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. The Bajau Laut are a classic example of a protracted and intergenerational statelessness situation. Children, the majority of whom were born in Sabah and have never set foot in another country, are particularly at risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Incorporating a Malaysian Nation
    Incorporating a Malaysian Nation Thomas Williamson St. Olaf College What value remains in the concept of economic nationalism? As Michael Heilperin defined it in 1960, economic nationalism referred to "the desire to plan the economic life of the country as independently as possible of the condi- tion of the world economy" (19£0:20). Heilperin's analysis echoes back to old battles between mercantilists and the liberal economists, whose arguments over trade and tariffs Eric Hobsbawm has summarized (1990:24-31). The con- cept of economic nationalism reached a particular florescence after World War I, sufficient to warrant its own volume in publisher H. W. Wilson's 1933 series of "timely topics" called The Reference Shelf (Hodgson 1933). Through the depths of the 1930s depression and the return of substantial tariff barriers, to the import substitution policies followed by many of the postcolonial new na- tions, the considerable literature concerned with "economic nationalism" de- scribes the shifting alignments of economic and political borders (Burnell 1986; Johnson 1967; Simonds and Emeny 1935). Tracing these debates out- lines an international history of the possibilities for social affiliation during the age of nation-states. Economic nationalism takes on a particular importance in a society like Malaysia where it is difficult to locate a more conventional modern national ensemble. Several years ago, Malaysian academic and politician Goh Cheng Teik described his country's population as being one where "deep in our heart of hearts, we are still ethnic. We are Malays, Chinese, Indians, Ibans, Mela- naus, Kadazans or Bajaus, not Malaysians" (1994:5). As Goh suggests, a major challenge for articulating Malaysian nationalism is the country's prominent ethnic divisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Living Arrangements of Older Malaysians — W Ho Coresides with Their Adult Children?
    Living Arrangements of Older Malaysians — Wh o Coresides with Their Adult Children?* Julie DaVanzo RAND, 1700 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 Angélique Chan RAND and UCLA University of California Los Angeles £ Department of Sociology, Haines Hall 405 Hilgard Avenue, L.A. CA 90024-1551 IV^ 2 Forthcoming in Demography, February 1994. Living Arrangements of Older Malaysians — Wh o Coresides with Their Adult Children?* Julie DaVanzo RAND, 1700 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 ? Angélique Chan RAM) and UCLA University of California Los Angeles Departm ent of Sociology, Haines Hall 405 Hilgard Avenue, L.A. CA 90024-1551 * The research reported in this paper has been supported by grants R01 AG 08189 and P01 AG 08291 from the National Institute of Aging to RAND and a grant to RAND from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. The authors thank George Alter, Michael Brien, George Chan, Robert Chung, Eileen Crimmins, Frances Goldscheider, Avery Guest, John Haaga, Lee Lillard, Linda Martin, Phillip Morgan, Chor-Swang Ngin, Stan Panis, Christine Peterson, Omar Rahman, Nancy Riley, and the journal’s referees for their assistance and helpful comments. This is a revised version of a paper presented at the 1991 Annual meeting of the Population Association of America in Washington D.C, March 1991; at the LPPKN seminar on the Second Malaysian Family Life Survey, Kuala Lumpur, October 1991; and at the RAND Conference on Economic and Demographic Aspects of Intergenerational Relations, March 1992. The majority of the. older Asian population, approximately three- quarters, reside with their adult children (M artin 1989).' However, recent research suggests that such coresidence may be declining in some countries such as Japan (M artin and Culter 1983, Hirosima 1987) and South Korea (Kim and Choe 1992) and Taiwan (M artin 1991).
    [Show full text]
  • (Indigenous People) Women in Perak, Malaysia
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Predictors of Overweight and Obesity and Its Consequences among Senoi Orang Asli (Indigenous People) Women in Perak, Malaysia Leh Shii Law 1 , Norhasmah Sulaiman 2,* , Wan Ying Gan 2 , Siti Nur’Asyura Adznam 2 and Mohd Nasir Mohd Taib 2 1 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia; [email protected] 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] (W.Y.G.); [email protected] (S.N.A.); [email protected] (M.N.M.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +603-9769-2461 Received: 10 March 2020; Accepted: 28 March 2020; Published: 31 March 2020 Abstract: In spite of the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Orang Asli (OA) of Malaysia being an increasing concern due to the associated adverse health implications, information regarding this issue is scarce. This cross-sectional study is aimed to investigate the predictors of overweight and obesity and its association with blood pressure and quality of life among Senoi OA women. A total of 19 villages at Batang Padang, Perak, were selected out of a total of 56 villages using a simple random sampling, in which 355 Senoi OA women were participated in the study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary intake, physical activity, and quality of life. Weight, height and blood pressure were also measured.
    [Show full text]
  • Singaporean First: Challenging the Concept of Transnational Malay Masculinity
    This is an Accepted Manuscript of a book chapter published by Amsterdam University Press as: Lyons, L., Ford, M. (2009). Singaporean First: Challenging the Concept of Transnational Malay Masculinity. In Derek Heng, Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied (Eds.), Reframing Singapore: Memory - Identity - Trans-Regionalism, (pp. 175-193). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Singaporean First: Challenging the Concept of Transnational Malay Masculinity Lenore Lyons and Michele Ford Since Singapore's independence in 1965, the People's Action Party's (henceforth the PAP) management of ethnicity and potential ethnic conflict has depended on a strategy that emphasizes selected 'race' identities.1 Under a policy of multiracialism, all Singaporeans fall into one of four official race categories - Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Others. This policy, known as 'CMIO multiracialism', goes much further than simply providing an environment in which cultural and religious practices are observed and upheld. It downplays diversity within racial categories and emphasizes shared cultural and linguistic heritages within racial groups. In the process, race becomes an important way of labelling the population and individuals are encouraged to think about themselves using these racial categories. CMIO multiracialism relies for its legitimacy upon the imagery of an ever-present threat to national stability from inter-ethnic conflict. It is thus promoted as a pragmatic solution to the realities of nation building. The policy was developed in a context of concern about the promotion of Malay privilege under the leadership of the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), in the short-lived Federation of Malaysia of which Singapore was a part from 1963 to 1965. During this period, the PAP promoted the concept of a 'Malaysian Malaysia' in which all races were given equal rights, against a 'Malay Malaysia' in which Malays (as bumiputera, literally 'sons of the soil') would be privileged above other ethnic groups (Lian and Rajah 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • The Shi'ite Muslims in Thailand from Ayutthaya Period
    THE SHI’ITE MUSLIMS IN who alongside Muhammad’s grandsons THAILAND FROM are their descendants. Shi’ites believe that Ali, rather than Abu Bakr, should have AYUTTHAYA PERIOD TO succeeded the Prophet Muhammad as THE PRESENT khalifa (Netton 1922: 231). Thus, Shi'as consider imams, the Prophet Muhammad's 1 descendants, as the true source of guidance Julispong Chularatana while considering the first three ruling Sunni caliphs a historic occurrence and not Abstract something attached to faith. Shi’ite Islam originated as a political This article aims at studying and movement supporting Imam Ali as the analyzing the status and development of rightful leader of the Islamic state. The the Shi’ite Muslim minority in Thailand th legitimacy of this claim, as initially from the 16 century to the present day. envisioned by Imam Ali's supporters, was The Shi’ite Muslims in Thailand developed based on Muhammad's alleged designation and are informally separated into two of Imam Ali as his successor, Imam Ali’s groups. The original ones call themselves righteousness, and tribal customs, making Chao Sen, which means Imam Hussein’s him closely related to the Prophet. Imam followers, and are descended from Indo- Ali was murdered in 661, and his son, Iranian Shi’ite Muslim ancestors who Imam Husayn, was killed in 681 by the came from Iran and the Shi’ite States of th army of Yazid I. The second Umayyad India during the early 16 century. The Caliph at Karbala (today in Iraq) was a others, who are called by the original seed of the Shi’a.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Information Summary Historical Background
    Malaysia-born Community Information Summary Historical Background There is a long history of contact between Australia and Malaysia. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Malays were involved in the pearling industry and the collection of trepang (sea slugs) off Australia's northern coast. Early colonial census records in 1871 showed 149 people born in the Federated Malay States and Straits Settlements residing in Australia. This increased to 932 people by 1901. The 1911 Census recorded 782 'Malaya-born' in Australia. Both the 1911 and 1947 Censuses of the Malaya-born included persons born in Singapore, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Christmas Island. The first significant intake of Malaysians to Australia occurred with the Colombo Plan from 1950, which brought nearly 17,000 overseas students to Australia, the majority of whom were Malaysians. Many of the students married locally, later sponsoring their parents or siblings. Malaysians have one of the highest rates of intermarriage with the Australia-born forming families of mixed ancestries. In the late 1960s, the Malaysian Government introduced affirmative action policies favouring indigenous Malays. These policies combined with factors, such as race riots and unfavourable socio-political conditions, had a negative impact on Chinese and other minorities in Malaysia. Many Malaysians of Chinese background left the country during this period migrating to Australia and other countries. The population of the Malaysia-born in Australia almost doubled between the 1986 and 1991 Censuses (from 33,710 to 71,740 people). The 2011 Census recorded 116,196 Malaysia-born in Australia. 2016 Census Geographic Distribution The latest Census in 2016 recorded 138,364 Malaysia-born people in Australia, an increase of 19.1 per cent from the 2011 Census.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Traditional Javanese-Malay Kampung Structure, Culture and Community Activities in Kampung Sungai Haji Dorani, Selangor, Malaysia
    The Asian Conference on Asian Studies 2013 Official Conference Proceedings Osaka, Japan A Study on Traditional Javanese-Malay Kampung Structure, Culture and Community Activities in Kampung Sungai Haji Dorani, Selangor, Malaysia Rohaslinda Binti Ramele, Juichi Yamazaki Kobe University, Japan 0142 The Asian Conference on Asian Studies 2013 Official Conference Proceedings 2013 iafor The International Academic Forum www.iafor.org 64 The Asian Conference on Asian Studies 2013 Official Conference Proceedings Osaka, Japan Introduction After Malacca Sultanate era, since 1511, Malaysia was ruled under Portuguese, Dutch and British colonial government. It was during British era, when three major races in Malaysia; Malay, Chinese and Indian, were being separated in three different settlement areas; rural, town and plantation. Since then, Malay has been mainly involved in agriculture, Chinese in commercial and trading, while Indian in plantation works, usually rubber and oil palm. Malaysia gained independence in 1957, and Sabah and Sarawak in Borneo Island integrated in 1963. Today, it consists of 12 states and 2 federal districts; Kuala Lumpur and Labuan, where each state contains districts and villages. The population of Malaysia reached 28.9 million in 2012. Today, it consists of Malay (which includes the minorities of Javanese, Minangkabau and Bugis), Chinese, Indian and aborigine ethnics in the Peninsula; Orang Asli, and in the Borneo Island; Iban, Kadazan, Melanau etc. Being the major race in the country, Malays are also the major race in the rural areas, where a village is called Malay Kampung (kampung means village in Malay Language). A traditional Malay Kampung is usually a paddy village or a farm village, which is mostly located in the coastal areas, where the earliest settlements were built.
    [Show full text]
  • THINGS to KNOW ABOUT KUALA LUMPUR to HELP YOU PREPARE (This Information Was Compiled by AUSA from Various Online Sources) 1. Lo
    THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT KUALA LUMPUR TO HELP YOU PREPARE (This information was compiled by AUSA from various online sources) 1. Location and Geography 2. Official Language and Religion 3. National Flag 4. Climate 5. Cuisine 6. Law and Politics 7. Currency 8. Tax Free Shopping 9. Key Words/Phrases Malaysia/Kuala Lumpur is a generally safe place for all. However, there is no harm practicing common sense and precautions like you would do at home. Location and Geography The geography of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is characterized by a huge valley — known as the Klang Valley — bordered by the Titiwangsa Mountains in the east, several minor ranges in the north and the south and the Malacca Straits in the west. The name Kuala Lumpur literally means muddy confluence; Kuala Lumpur is located at the confluence of the Klang and Gombak Rivers, facing the Malacca Straits. Located in the center of Selangor State, Kuala Lumpur was previously under Selangor state government. In 1974, Kuala Lumpur was separated from Selangor to form today's Kuala Lumpur under the Malaysian Federal Government. Its location on the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, which has wider flat land than the East Coast, has contributed to its faster development relative to other cities in Malaysia. The city is currently 243.65 km² (94.07 sq. mi) wide, with an average elevation of 21.95 m (72 ft.). Official Language and Religion Malaysian (Malay: Bahasa Malaysia), or Standard Malay, is the official language of Malaysia and a standardized register of the Malacca dialect of Malay. It is over 95% cognate with Indonesian.
    [Show full text]
  • Berasik Healing Ritual Performance: Illness Etiology Perspectives Amongst Bajau Sama Natives Practices
    International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 2017, Vol. 7, No. 11 ISSN: 2222-6990 Berasik Healing Ritual Performance: Illness Etiology Perspectives amongst Bajau Sama Natives Practices Lena Farida Hussain Chin Department of Performing Arts, Faculty of Music and Performing Arts, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia Mohd Kipli Abdul Rahman Department of Performing Arts, Faculty of Music and Performing Arts, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i11/3455 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i11/3455 Abstract Sabah is one of Malaysia state that rich in ethnic diversity, art and culture. This diversity varies in uniqueness in the practices and beliefs that are shared among the people during the period of origin. Starting from the history of animistic appeal until the evolution of religious consent, most Malaysians practice different beliefs and remedies based on the inheritance of their ancestors. Since then, various customs that are practiced by hereditary that affect the things in daily life has been born. The customs and inheritance that is practiced influence in all aspects of social life that are fixed to the values of beliefs held. One of them is the healing belief that is practiced by the Bajau Sama native in the hinterland of Sabah. Practice in each area is different and has a unique tradition. Few examples of healing belief that is embodied and practiced by the people of Sabah are ngalai, kok ta'un, igal, melabuh ajung and etcetera. Practices in each locality and tribe are different and have a unique sense of tradition.
    [Show full text]