DOCSLIB.ORG

Studies on Haloalkaliphilic Gammaproteobacteria from Hypersaline Sambhar Lake, Rajasthan, India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Studies on Haloalkaliphilic Gammaproteobacteria from Hypersaline Sambhar Lake, Rajasthan, India Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences Vol.44(10), October 2015, pp. 1646-1653 Studies on Haloalkaliphilic gammaproteobacteria from hypersaline Sambhar Lake, Rajasthan, India Makarand N. Cherekar & Anupama P. Pathak* School of Life Sciences (DST-FIST & UGC-SAP Sponsored), Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded-431606, India. *[E-mail: [email protected]] Received 19 December 2013; revised 04 March 2014 The diversity of haloalkaliphilic gammaproteobacteria from hypersaline Sambhar soda lake, India was analyzed. Four different sampling points were selected within the lake. Nine moderate and extreme isolates were identified using morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA sequencing method. These isolates were screened for salt, pH and temperature tolerance. In the gammaproteobacteria group, all the selected isolates belonged to one genus Halomonas represented by four different species Halomonas pantelleriensis, Halomonas venusta, Halomonas alkaliphila, and Halomonas sp. All these isolates were capable to grow in 10 -20% NaCl concentrations, 8-12 pH and 20 to 50 oC temperature. These isolates were competent to produce industrially important extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. Most of them were shown to produce cellulase, pectinase and xylanase. [Keywords: Gammaproteobacteria, Halomonas, haloalkaliphilic, Sambhar soda lake, 16S rRNA sequencing] Introduction Sambhar Lake is the largest inland saline lake located Hypersaline soda lakes are considered as extreme in Thar Desert of Rajasthan, India (26o 52’- 27 o 2’ N, environments for microbial life. These lakes are 74 o 53’- 75 o 13’E). It is an elliptical and shallow characterized by high salinity and high alkalinity with lake, with the maximum length of 22.5 km. The width extremely productive environment for extreme of the lake ranges from 3.2 km to 11.2 km. The total organisms1,2. Hypersaline soda lakes have been catchments area of the lake is 7560 km2. The lake has studied by focusing on the isolation and occupied an area of about approximately 225 Sq. Km characterization of organisms with their industrial and average depth of water is about 1 m whereas the potential3,4. maximum depth is about 3m. Sambhar lake is In India Sambhar soda lake located in arid land of declared as Ramsar site in 1990 for receiving large Rajasthan is an example of such unique ecosystem. It number of migratory birds5-7 (Fig. 1). is an ancient soda lake and a rich source of salt in India. Extreme alkaline pH and high salt concentration made this site more suitable for growth of extreme haloalkaliphiles. In the present study, we reported culturable gammaproteobacterial diversity form Sambhar soda lake using biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods. These bacteria belong to the genus Halomonas and had an obligate requirement for high pH and NaCl concentration for growth. The isolates were further characterized and screened for production of industrially important hydrolytic enzymes. Materials and Methods Fig.1—Sampling sites from Sambhar lake (Adopted from Sahay et.al 2012) CHEREKAR & PATHAK: HALOALKALIPHILIC GAMMAPROTEOBACTERIA FROM SAMBHAR LAKE, RAJASTHAN 1647 The surface and Sediment water samples were For detection of amylase starch was used as collected in the winter (December) 2011 from four substrate and zone of clearance was observed by sampling stations located in main lake and salt pans flooding incubated plates with iodine. For detection of towards Sambhar Lake city. Samples were collected protease skim milk was used as substrate and zone of in presterilized polypropylene bottles these were clearance was observed. For detection of cellulase average of ten samples spanning the whole sampling carboxy methyl cellulose was used as substrate and point (Fig. 1). Temperature and pH were measured on zone of clearance was observed by flooding with field. Collected samples were transported on ice and congo red solution. For detection of pectinase pectin preserved at 4oC until analysis. Experiments were and for lipase olive oil was used as substrate and zone performed to determine selected physicochemical of clearance was observed. For detection of xylanase parameters like TS, DO, BOD, alkalinity, salinity, xylan was used as substrate and zone of clearance was sodium, magnesium, calcium etc8, 9. observed by flooding congo red solution12,15. Enrichment and isolation of bacteria were 16S rRNA analysis was performed by extracting performed by inoculating composite water sample DNA of isolates. DNA was extracted by phenol– into nine different broth media viz Alkaliphilic broth chloroform extraction. DNA was washed with 70% media pH- 10.0[A], Marine broth pH- 10.5 [MA], ethanol and dissolved in Tris–EDTA buffer (pH 8.0). Alkaline Nutrient broth pH- 10.5 [ANA] with 5-30 % Extracted DNA was analyzed by electrophoresis on a sodium chloride, Halophilic medium [H], modified 1% agarose gel and visualized by ethidium bromide Horikoshi II medium [H II], Synthetic Sea water staining16. The amplification of 16S rRNA fragments medium [S], Alkaline peptone water [AP], Alkaline were performed by using (PCR) thermocycler, Bacillus medium [AB] and Tindal’s medium [T]. (Eppendorf) with 530F These media were incubated at 30oC for 8 days on a (5′ GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGG 3′) and 1392R (5′ shaking incubator at 100 rpm speed. After enrichment ACGGGCGGTGTGTAC 3′) primer pair. PCR bacteria were isolated using respective agar media and products were run on a 1% agarose gel. PCR products pure cultures were obtained5,10-12. were purified by the PEG/NaCl method17 and directly All the isolates were screened for casein, gelatin, sequenced using Applied Biosystem model 3730 oxidase, catalase, starch hydrolysis, urease, nitrate DNA analyzer (Foster, California, USA). The 16S reduction, H2S production and utilization of sugars. rRNA sequences were initially analyzed using The Gram-staining was performed according to BLAST program Dussault13. Sensitivity of the strain to antibiotics was (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/blast.cgi). Multiple tested by using alkaline nutrient agar medium. sequence alignments of approximately 800 base pair Chloramphenicol (30mcg), streptomycin (10mcg), sequences were performed using CLUSTALW 18 gentamycin (10mcg), tetracycline (30mcg), penicillin program . Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary 19 G (10mcg), ampicillin (10mcg) and erythromycin analysis was conducted using MEGA version 5.2 . (15mcg) were used for antibiotics sensitivity test14. Bootstrap analysis was performed on 1000 random All the isolates were screened for tolerance level of samples taken from the multiple alignments. The 16S NaCl using alkaline nutrient agar medium with rRNA sequences from GenBank used in the different salt concentration ranging from 5 to 30% phylogenetic analysis are shown in Fig. 4. (5% intervals). The growth was measured at 600 nm The 16S rRNA sequences determined were with regular intervals. Similarly for screening of pH deposited in the GenBank and accession numbers and temperature tolerance the isolates were grown in KF288960- KF288961, KC434452- KC434453, alkaline nutrient agar medium with pH ranging from 7 KC434456, KC934936, KC934938- KC934940 were to 12 (Increment of 0.5) and the temperature ranging obtained. from 20 to 50oC (10 degrees intervals)5,10-12. All hydrolytic assays were performed by Results and Discussion inoculating isolates on alkaline nutrient agar medium Chemical composition of Sambhar lake water with respective substrate at 9 pH, 10% Salt significantly varies in monsoon and winter seasons. o o concentration, 40oC temperature and 7-15 days The maximum 31.7 C and minimum 22.3 C incubation period12,15. temperature of surface water was recorded in winter 1648 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL.44, NO.10 OCTOBER 2015 2011. The average pH values recorded for water 0.9 sample was 9.2 to 10.5. Surface algal blooms and 0.8 eutrophication of lake was also observed in peripheral 0.7 0.6 SSL8 locations. Lake water was considerable turbid and SSL11 0.5 SSL13 opaque. The Total Solids and Total dissolved Solids 0.4 SSL14 were recorded as 146293 mg/l and 88263 mg/l in 0.3 SSL15 ptical Density600nm at 0.2 monsoon and winter 2011 respectively. These values O 0.1 were higher as compared to the well studied African 0 soda lake, Kenyan soda lakes and Lonar soda lake, 7 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 12 pH India. Most abundant constituent present in lake water was sodium (9063mg/l). Next to sodium, (a) chloride (6633mg/l) was the most abundant constituent in lake water. Sulphate was also recorded 1.2 in considerable amount. The amounts of calcium and 1 11 0.8 magnesium ions were found in least amount . SSL3 SSL4 Considerable amount of various metal ions were 0.6 SSL5 recorded from this water samples. 0.4 SSL6 pticalDensity at 600nm Among nine broth media used alkaliphilc broth O 0.2 medium [A], alkaline nutrient broth [ANA], modified 0 Horikoshi II broth medium [H II], Marine broth [MA] 7 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 12 pH have supported highest growth during enrichment. Agar media of same type supported diversity were (b) used in further investigation. Isolates showing distinct Fig. 2 (a and b)—Effect of pH on growth colony characters were selected from alkaliphilc medium [A], alkaline nutrient agar [ANA], modified 0.4 Horikoshi II medium [H II] and Marine agar [MA] 0.35 0.3 SSL3 plates. Small colonies were appeared after incubation 0.25 SSL4 of 10 days, further incubation of 20-30 days have 0.2 SSL5 SSL6 yielded large colonies. The Alkaline peptone water 0.15 SSL8 0.1 [AP], Alkaline Bacillus medium [AB] and Tindal’s ptical Density at600nm O medium [T] supported least population and diversity. 0.05 0 Out of sixty four, 9 extreme haloalkaliphiles were 5 10 15 20 25 30 selected for further characterization and designated as NaCl Concentration(w/v)% SSL3 to SSL6, SSL8, SSL11 and SSL13 to SSL154,11,12. (c) All the isolates were aerobic, Gram negative, rods 0.7 and oxidase positive. Out of nine, 4 isolates (SSL4, 0.6 SSL6 SSL8 and SSL15) were motile and 5 isolates 0.5 SSL11 (SSL3, SSL5, SSL11, SSL13 and SSL14) were non 0.4 SSL13 motile.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Hydrocarbon Biodegradation Potential of Faroe-Shetland Channel Bacterioplankton
    THE HYDROCARBON BIODEGRADATION POTENTIAL OF FAROE-SHETLAND CHANNEL BACTERIOPLANKTON Angelina G. Angelova Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Heriot Watt University School of Engineering and Physical Sciences July 2017 The copyright in this thesis is owned by the author. Any quotation from the thesis or use of any of the information contained in it must acknowledge this thesis as the source of the quotation or information. ABSTRACT The Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC) is an important gateway for dynamic water exchange between the North Atlantic Ocean and the Nordic Seas. In recent years it has also become a frontier for deep-water oil exploration and petroleum production, which has raised the risk of oil pollution to local ecosystems and adjacent waterways. In order to better understand the factors that influence the biodegradation of spilled petroleum, a prerequisite has been recognized to elucidate the complex dynamics of microbial communities and their relationships to their ecosystem. This research project was a pioneering attempt to investigate the FSC’s microbial community composition, its response and potential to degrade crude oil hydrocarbons under the prevailing regional temperature conditions. Three strategies were used to investigate this. Firstly, high throughput sequencing and 16S rRNA gene-based community profiling techniques were utilized to explore the spatiotemporal patterns of the FSC bacterioplankton. Monitoring proceeded over a period of 2 years and interrogated the multiple water masses flowing through the region producing 2 contrasting water cores: Atlantic (surface) and Nordic (subsurface). Results revealed microbial profiles more distinguishable based on water cores (rather than individual water masses) and seasonal variability patterns within each core.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology and Epidemiology of Campylobacter Jejuni in Broiler Chickens
    Ecology and Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni in Broiler Chickens A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Hae Jin Hwang IN PARTIALL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Dr. Randall Singer, Dr. George Maldonado June 2019 © Hae Jin Hwang, 2019 Acknowledgements I would like to sincerely thank my advisor, Dr. Randall Singer, for his intellectual guidance and support, great patience, and mentorship, which made this dissertation possible. I would also like to thank Dr. George Maldonado for his continuous encouragement and support. I would further like to thank my thesis committee, Dr. Richard Isaacson and Dr. Timothy Church, for their guidance throughout my doctoral training. I thank all my friends and colleagues I met over the course of my studies. I am especially indebted to my friends, Dr. Kristy Lee, Dr. Irene Bueno Padilla, Dr. Elise Lamont, Madhumathi Thiruvengadam, Dr. Kaushi Kanankege and Dr. Sylvia Wanzala, for their support and friendship. Heartfelt gratitude goes to my family, for always believing in me, encouraging me and helping me get through the difficult and stressful times during my studies. Lastly, I thank Sven and Bami for being the best writing companions I could ever ask for. i Abstract Campylobacteriosis, predominantly caused by Campylobacter jejuni, is a common, yet serious foodborne illness. With consumption and handling of poultry products as the most important risk factor of campylobacteriosis, reducing Campylobacter contamination in poultry products is considered the best public health intervention to reduce the burden and costs associated with campylobacteriosis. To this end, there is a need to improve our understanding of epidemiology and ecology of Campylobacter jejuni in poultry.
    [Show full text]
  • Thèses Traditionnelles
    UNIVERSITÉ D’AIX-MARSEILLE FACULTÉ DE MÉDECINE DE MARSEILLE ECOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES DE LA VIE ET DE LA SANTÉ THÈSE Présentée et publiquement soutenue devant LA FACULTÉ DE MÉDECINE DE MARSEILLE Le 23 Novembre 2017 Par El Hadji SECK Étude de la diversité des procaryotes halophiles du tube digestif par approche de culture Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTORAT d’AIX-MARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ Spécialité : Pathologie Humaine Membres du Jury de la Thèse : Mr le Professeur Jean-Christophe Lagier Président du jury Mr le Professeur Antoine Andremont Rapporteur Mr le Professeur Raymond Ruimy Rapporteur Mr le Professeur Didier Raoult Directeur de thèse Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UMR 7278 Directeur : Pr. Didier Raoult 1 Avant-propos : Le format de présentation de cette thèse correspond à une recommandation de la spécialité Maladies Infectieuses et Microbiologie, à l’intérieur du Master des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé qui dépend de l’Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de la Vie de Marseille. Le candidat est amené à respecter des règles qui lui sont imposées et qui comportent un format de thèse utilisé dans le Nord de l’Europe et qui permet un meilleur rangement que les thèses traditionnelles. Par ailleurs, la partie introduction et bibliographie est remplacée par une revue envoyée dans un journal afin de permettre une évaluation extérieure de la qualité de la revue et de permettre à l’étudiant de commencer le plus tôt possible une bibliographie exhaustive sur le domaine de cette thèse. Par ailleurs, la thèse est présentée sur article publié, accepté ou soumis associé d’un bref commentaire donnant le sens général du travail.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Bacteria in Lake Qarun, AL Fayoum, Egypt (2014 -2015) in Relation to Its Physical and Hydrochemical Characterization
    Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research , 2016Vol.2, No.9, PP.601-615 pISSN: 2356-9174, eISSN: 2356-9182 601 Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research WWW.JBSAR.com Distribution of bacteria in Lake Qarun, AL Fayoum, Egypt (2014 -2015) in relation to its physical and hydrochemical characterization Mohamed Tawfiek Shaaban1, Hassan A.H. Ibrahim2, Amer Ahmed Mohammed Hanafi3 Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University1,3; National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria2, Egypt (Corresponding author email : [email protected]) Abstract The bacteriological monitoring of Lake Qarun water and forty-five meters below sea level into the lowest, northern sediment (aerobic heterotrophs, Staphylococcus sp., Vibrio section of El- Fayoum Depression, Egypt. Although Lake sp. Aeromonas sp., S. feacalis, E. coli, and total coliform Qarun designated as protected area back in 1989, the Lake sp.) through the period of study (2014-2015) was carried has hardly been protected from various polluting elements. out. Six common bacterial isolates were fully identified as; It suffers from a serious water pollution problem which is Bacillus firmus, Bacillus stratosphericus, Exiguobacterium due to uncontrolled solid and liquid domestic and industrial mexicanum, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Halomonas waste disposal practices, in addition to agrochemical stevensii, and Halomonas korlensis based on partial contamination and lack of sustainable wastewater sequencing of 16Sr DNA. In addition, physical and management. Many fish farms were established around this chemical analyses of Lake Qarun water and sediment (pH, Lake (Mansour and Sidky, 2003). The Lake suffered drastic temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD, and chemical changes during the last years where it is used as a nutrients) were estimated.
    [Show full text]
  • Halomonas Maura Sp. Nov., a Novel Moderately Halophilic, Exopolysaccharide-Producing Bacterium
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2001), 51, 1625–1632 Printed in Great Britain Halomonas maura sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium Microbial Samir Bouchotroch, Emilia Quesada, Ana del Moral, Inmaculada Llamas Exopolysaccharides Research Group, Department of and Victoria Be! jar Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Author for correspondence: Emilia Quesada. Tel: j34 958 243871. Fax: j34 958 246235. University of Granada, e-mail: equesada!platon.ugr.es 18071 Granada, Spain Four moderately halophilic, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterial strains isolated from soil samples collected from a saltern at Asilah (Morocco) are reported. These four strains were initially considered to belong to the genus Halomonas. Their DNA GMC contents varied between 622 and 641 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization revealed a considerable degree of DNA–DNA similarity amongst all four strains (755–808%). Nevertheless, similarity with the reference strains of phylogenetically close relatives was lower than 40%. 16S rRNA gene sequences were compared with those of other species of Halomonas and other Gram-negative bacteria and they were sufficiently distinct phylogenetically from other recognized Halomonas species to warrant their designation as a novel species. The name Halomonas maura sp. nov. is therefore proposed, with strain S-31T (l CECT 5298T l DSM 13445T) as the type strain. The fatty acid composition of strain S-31T revealed the presence of 18:1ω7c,16:1ω7c/2-OH i15:0 and 16:0 as the major components. Growth rate analysis showed that strain S-31T had specific cationic requirements for NaM and Mg2M. Keywords: exopolysaccharides, moderately halophilic bacteria, Halomonas INTRODUCTION In the course of our studies into hypersaline environ- ments, a group of Halomonas eurihalina strains were The family Halomonadaceae includes the genera isolated that synthesized large quantities of exopoly- Halomonas, Chromohalobacter and Zymobacter.
    [Show full text]
  • An Astrobiological Study of an Alkaline-Saline Hydrothermal Environment, Relevant to Understanding the Habitability of Mars
    An astrobiological study of an alkaline-saline hydrothermal environment, relevant to understanding the habitability of Mars A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Lottie Elizabeth Davis Department of Earth Sciences University College London March 2012 1 I, Lottie Elizabeth Davis confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Declaration Abstract The on going exploration of planets such as Mars is producing a wealth of data which is being used to shape a better understanding of potentially habitable environments beyond the Earth. On Mars, the relatively recent identification of minerals which indicate the presence of neutral/alkaline aqueous activity has increased the number of potentially habitable environments which require characterisation and exploration. The study of terrestrial analogue environments enables us to develop a better understanding of where life can exist, what types of organisms can exist and what evidence of that life may be preserved. The study of analogue environments is necessary not only in relation to the possibility of identifying extinct/extant indigenous life on Mars, but also for understanding the potential for contamination. As well as gaining an insight into the habitability of an environment, it is also essential to understand how to identify such environments using the instruments available to missions to Mars. It is important to be aware of instrument limitations to ensure that evidence of a particular environment is not overlooked. This work focuses upon studying the bacterial and archaeal diversity of Lake Magadi, a hypersaline and alkaline soda lake, and its associated hydrothermal springs.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 Book Bacteriallipopolysa
    Yuriy A. Knirel l Miguel A. Valvano Editors Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides Structure, Chemical Synthesis, Biogenesis and Interaction with Host Cells SpringerWienNewYork Yuriy A. Knirel Miguel A. Valvano N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Centre for Human Immunology and Organic Chemistry Department of Microbiology and Immunology Russian Academy of Sciences University of Western Ontario Leninsky Prospekt 47 London, ON N6A 5C1 119991 Moscow, V-334 Canada Russia [email protected] [email protected] This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for all the information contained in this book. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. # 2011 Springer-Verlag/Wien SpringerWienNewYork is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.at Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Typesetting: SPi, Pondicherry, India Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN: 12599509 With 65 Figures Library of Congress Control Number: 2011932724 ISBN 978-3-7091-0732-4 e-ISBN 978-3-7091-0733-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-0733-1 SpringerWienNewYork Preface The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major component of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It contributes essentially to the integrity and stability of the outer membrane, represents an effective permeability barrier towards external stress factors, and is thus indispensable for the viability of bacteria in various niches, including animal and plant environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of the Family Halomonadaceae Based on 23S and 16S Rdna Sequence Analyses
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2002), 52, 241–249 Printed in Great Britain Phylogeny of the family Halomonadaceae based on 23S and 16S rDNA sequence analyses 1 Lehrstuhl fu$ r David R. Arahal,1,2 Wolfgang Ludwig,1 Karl H. Schleifer1 Mikrobiologie, Technische 2 Universita$ tMu$ nchen, and Antonio Ventosa 85350 Freising, Germany 2 Departamento de Author for correspondence: Antonio Ventosa. Tel: j34 954556765. Fax: j34 954628162. Microbiologı!ay e-mail: ventosa!us.es Parasitologı!a, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain In this study, we have evaluated the phylogenetic status of the family Halomonadaceae, which consists of the genera Halomonas, Chromohalobacter and Zymobacter, by comparative 23S and 16S rDNA analyses. The genus Halomonas illustrates very well a situation that occurs often in bacterial taxonomy. The use of phylogenetic tools has permitted the grouping of several genera and species believed to be unrelated according to conventional taxonomic techniques. In addition, the number of species of the genus Halomonas has increased as a consequence of new descriptions, particularly during the last few years, but their features are too heterogeneous to justify their placement in the same genus and, therefore, a re-evaluation seems necessary. We have determined the complete sequences (about 2900 bases) of the 23S rDNA of 18 species of the genera Halomonas and Chromohalobacter and resequenced the complete 16S rDNA sequences of seven species of Halomonas. The results of our analysis show that two phylogenetic groups (respectively containing five and seven species) can be distinguished within the genus Halomonas. Six other species cannot be assigned to either of the above-mentioned groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulation of Microbial Populations by Coral Surface Mucus and Mucus-Associated Bacteria
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 322: 1–14, 2006 Published September 20 Mar Ecol Prog Ser OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS FEATURE ARTICLE Regulation of microbial populations by coral surface mucus and mucus-associated bacteria Kim B. Ritchie* Center for Coral Reef Research, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, Florida 34236, USA ABSTRACT: Caribbean populations of the elkhorn coral Acropora palmata have declined due to envi- ronmental stress, bleaching, and disease. Potential sources of coral mortality include invasive microbes that become trapped in the surface mucus and thrive under conditions of increased coral stress. In this study, mucus from healthy A. palmata inhibited growth of potentially invasive microbes by up to 10-fold. Among cultured bacteria from the mucus of A. palmata, 20% displayed antibiotic activity against one or more tester strains, including the pathogen implicated in white pox disease. A novel mucus- mediated selection for coral symbionts revealed a discrete subset of bacteria and selected for isolates This study found that mucus from healthy Acropora palmata that produce antibiotics. This result suggests that coral (photo) inhibits the growth of potentially invasive microbes by mucus plays a role in the structuring of beneficial up to 10-fold. Conversely, mucus collected during a summer coral-associated microbial communities and implies a bleaching event lacked antibiotic properties, suggesting that high temperatures reduce the protective function of coral microbial contribution to the antibacterial activity mucus. Inset: Vibrio sp., which at high temperatures replace described for coral mucus. Interestingly, antibiotic the community of beneficial bacteria (scale bar = 500 nm). activity was lost when mucus was collected during a summer bleaching event.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Diversity and Cyanobacterial Production in Dziani Dzaha Crater Lake, a Unique Tropical Thalassohaline Environment
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Microbial Diversity and Cyanobacterial Production in Dziani Dzaha Crater Lake, a Unique Tropical Thalassohaline Environment Christophe Leboulanger1*, HeÂlène Agogue 2☯, CeÂcile Bernard3☯, Marc Bouvy1☯, Claire Carre 1³, Maria Cellamare3¤³, Charlotte Duval3³, Eric Fouilland4☯, Patrice Got4☯, Laurent Intertaglia5³, CeÂline Lavergne2³, Emilie Le Floc'h4☯, CeÂcile Roques4³, GeÂrard Sarazin6☯ a1111111111 1 UMR MARBEC, Institut de Recherche pour le DeÂveloppement, Sète-Montpellier, France, 2 UMR LIENSs, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, La Rochelle, France, 3 UMR MCAM, MuseÂum National a1111111111 d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, 4 UMR MARBEC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sète- a1111111111 Montpellier, France, 5 Observatoire OceÂanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, a1111111111 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France, 6 UMR7154 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Universite Paris Diderot, a1111111111 Paris, France ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. ¤ Current address: Phyto-Quality, 15 rue PeÂtrarque, Paris, France ³ These authors also contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Leboulanger C, Agogue H, Bernard C, Bouvy M, Carre C, Cellamare M, et al. (2017) Abstract Microbial Diversity and Cyanobacterial Production in Dziani Dzaha Crater Lake, a Unique Tropical This study describes, for the first time, the water chemistry and microbial diversity in Dziani Thalassohaline Environment. PLoS ONE 12(1): e0168879. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168879 Dzaha, a tropical crater lake located on Mayotte Island (Comoros archipelago, Western Indian Ocean). The lake water had a high level of dissolved matter and high alkalinity (10.6± Editor: Jean-FrancËois Humbert, INRA, FRANCE -1 2- 14.5 g L eq.
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL REPORT.Pdf
    © FITRI BUDIYANTO 2017 iii Dedication To my beloved family iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In the name of Allah, the most gracious, most compassionate, most merciful and all the praises and thanks be to Allah that has given me the opportunity and capability to finish my study in KFUPM. I am deeply indebted and most sincere appreciation goes to my advisor, Dr. Assad Al- Thukair, for knowledge, patience, encouragements, and guidance he has shown me over the past few years that I have been with this department, be it scientifically, personally, or academically. I would like to thank my thesis committee members for their support and sharing their knowledge over the years: Dr. Alexis Nzila and Dr. Musa Mohammed Musa. My thanks also are addressed to my wonderful family: my parents, for their endless pray, love and support; my brother and sisters, for keeping my spirit and encouragement during my master journey; and lastly — to my wife for your endless love, support and encouragement has been most influential and inspiring. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................. V TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. VI LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... X LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... XI LIST OF ABBREVIATION ......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Diversity of Sediment Bacteria in The
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/638304; this version posted May 14, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Isolation and Diversity of Sediment Bacteria in the 2 Hypersaline Aiding Lake, China 3 4 Tong-Wei Guan, Yi-Jin Lin, Meng-Ying Ou, Ke-Bao Chen 5 6 7 Institute of Microbiology, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China. 8 9 Author for correspondence: 10 Tong-Wei Guan 11 Tel/Fax: +86 028 87720552 12 E-mail: [email protected] 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/638304; this version posted May 14, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 29 Abstract A total of 343 bacteria from sediment samples of Aiding Lake, China, were isolated using 30 nine different media with 5% or 15% (w/v) NaCl. The number of species and genera of bacteria recovered 31 from the different media significantly varied, indicating the need to optimize the isolation conditions. 32 The results showed an unexpected level of bacterial diversity, with four phyla (Firmicutes, 33 Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Rhodothermaeota), fourteen orders (Actinopolysporales, 34 Alteromonadales, Bacillales, Balneolales, Chromatiales, Glycomycetales, Jiangellales, Micrococcales, 35 Micromonosporales, Oceanospirillales, Pseudonocardiales, Rhizobiales, Streptomycetales, and 36 Streptosporangiales), including 17 families, 41 genera, and 71 species.
    [Show full text]