The Effects of Old Age Grants on Poverty Alleviation in Dutywa in Eastern
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS) THE EFFECTS OF OLD AGE GRANTS ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN DUTYWA IN EASTERN CAPE OF SOUTH AFRICA BY BOMKAZI LINDI A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER’S DEGREE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE (MSW) DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY OF FORT HARE SUPERVISOR MISS V.P.P. LUPUWANA 2018 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I, LINDI BOMKAZI, hereby declare that this research report is the product of my own work, and that, where I have used the ideas and words of others, I have referenced these correctly. I also declare that as advised by my Supervisor, MISS V.P.P. LUPUWANA, the responsibility for referencing correctly and completely is mine. Signed…………………….. Date: …………………. i DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my late Granny, my mother, Nomsa Zililo, and my daughter, Nkilitha Lindi. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my deepest appreciation to various people who, during the preparation and conducting of this study, were prepared to help, guide and support me to complete this research successfully. I wish to thank Our Heavenly Father who gave me the wisdom, strength to conduct and complete this study, without His will and grace, all my efforts would have been in vain. A Word of gratitude also goes to Ms V.PP. Lupuwana, my supervisor, for her guidance and assistance. She has been a source of inspiration through hard times. Dr Ajiboye Oyeleke: for your supervision and academic support that you gave me, without you I wouldn’t have gone this far. You made me strong and very courageous in striving for success. My sincere gratitude to Dr.J. Mkhize for editing my work. To my Supervisors B. Jubati and N. James in The Department of Social Development- Idutywa, thanks a lot for your understanding and efforts towards the completion of this study. I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to the Lindi and Zililo family for their prayers and invaluable support throughout. A special thanks to my daughter Nikilitha Lindi, it was really not easy for you my angel. Lastly, to my respondents for being available, without them this study would not have been a success. iii ABSTRACT Old age grant was designed to reduce level of poverty in South Africa and according to SASSA (2016), there are 28 981 beneficiaries of old age grant in Dutywa. The study seeks to investigate the effect of old age grant on poverty eradication programme in Dutywa community in Eastern Cape. Three objectives were set for the study that include: to find out the influence of old age grant on poverty alleviation; to examine the challenges faced by old age grant beneficiaries in fighting poverty; to explore coping mechanisms available for old age grant beneficiaries in fighting poverty; to find out if there are any other support services put in place by professionals or agencies such as Social Workers, Nurses, Educators and Traditional leaders in fighting poverty. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to collect data from respondents. A sample of seventy (70) respondents for quantitative approach and sixteen (16) participants for the qualitative approach were purposively selected for the study. The results reveal that old age grant gives beneficiaries an opportunity of spending, which in turn sustains impoverished and vulnerable communities. In this way, the old age grant strengthens existing, deep-rooted informal social protection systems and social networks. In the case of Dutywa community, this is seen in instances where beneficiaries of the old age grant enable many rural grandmothers to take care of their grandchildren and afford beneficiaries’ necessities. It was concluded that old age grant has positively reduced poverty in Dutywa community of Eastern Cape though it does not meet all their necessities. Appropriate recommendations were made in the study. Key Words: Old age grant, Poverty, Alleviation and Programme iv LIST OF ACRONYMES USED IN THE STUDY OAG Old Age Grant SASSA South African Social Security Agency HIV Human immune Virus AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme STATS SA Statistics South Africa CPRC Chronic Poverty Research. RSA Republic of South Africa UN United Nations v TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents. DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY .................................................................................................. i DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. iii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. iv LIST OF ACRONYMES USED IN THE STUDY ................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................. vi CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.............................................................................................. 1 1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ............................................................................................ 7 1.4 MOTIVATION OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………………………………………………..8 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS......................................................................................................... 9 1.5 RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES....................................................................................... 10 1.5.1 Main aim of the study ................................................................................................. 10 1.5.2 Specific objectives of the study ................................................................................... 10 1.6 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY .............................................................................................. 10 1.7 DELIMINATION AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY ....................................................................... 11 1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY .............................................................................................. 11 1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS (MAJOR CONCEPTS OF THE STUDY) ............................................. 11 1.10 ORGANISATION OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................ 13 CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................................................................... 14 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................ 14 2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 14 2.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .............................................................................................. 14 2.2.1 Empowerment Theory ................................................................................................ 15 2.2.2 Social Contract Theory ................................................................................................ 18 2.3. POVERTY AMONG ELDERLY .............................................................................................. 20 2.3.1 The poverty line approach .......................................................................................... 22 2.3.2 Subjective lines ............................................................................................................ 23 2.4 POVERTY AND INEQUALITY IN SOUTH AFRICA .................................................................. 25 2.4.1 Women ........................................................................................................................ 25 vi 2.4.2 Children ....................................................................................................................... 26 2.4.3 Youth ........................................................................................................................... 27 2.4.4 Disabled ....................................................................................................................... 27 2.4.5 The elderly ................................................................................................................... 27 2.4.6 Families living with AIDS ............................................................................................. 27 2.4.7 Developed countries ................................................................................................... 28 2.4.8 Developing countries .................................................................................................. 29 2.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF POVERTY ......................................................................................... 31 2.5.1 Hunger and malnutrition ............................................................................................. 31 2.6 CAUSES OF POVERTY ....................................................................................................