THE SITUATION IN 275 that his Government did not recognize the tage of his forthcoming visit to Cairo, United Arab Republic and criticized the United Arab Republic, to solicit an official reply from Nations for doing so. He also charged that be- the United Arab Republic Government to the tween 11 and 14 , Ilyushin-type several charges lodged against that Government Egyptian aircraft had indiscriminately raided by Saudi Arabia. Replying on 21 May 1967, the Saudi Arabian territory three times, killing three Secretary-General assured the Deputy Per- persons and wounding 11 others. manent Representative of his impartiality and On 20 May 1967, the Deputy Permanent preoccupation with peace in the world, and Representative of Saudi Arabia, by telegram, stated that he had taken note of the Deputy requested the Secretary-General to take advan- Permanent Representative's suggestion.

DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES S/7749. Letter of 14 from Saudi (also circulated as document of Human Rights Arabia. Commission, E/CN.4/945). S/7768. Letter of 18 February 1967 from Secretary- S/7887, S/7889, S/7897. Letters of 15 and 16 May General. 1967 and message of 20 May 1967 from Saudi S/7793 and Corr.1, S/7842. Exchange of cables with Arabia. Deputy Permanent Representative of Saudi Arabia. S/7898. Message of 21 May 1967 from Secretary- S/7861. Letter of 25 from Saudi Arabia General. (also circulated as document of Human Rights Com- A/6702 and Corr.1. Report of Security Council to mission, E/CN.4/944). General Assembly, Chapter 30. S/7881. Note verbale of 11 May 1967 from Yemen

CHAPTER XI THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS

During 1967, the Secretary-General submitted visit Ankara, Athens and Nicosia as his Personal two reports to the Security Council on the Representative to give whatever assistance he operation in Cyprus. On the could to reverse the trend towards war between basis of the Secretary-General's recommenda- the antagonists. On 24/25 November, the tions, the Council, noting the consent of the Security Council also met to discuss the situa- Cyprus Government and acting with the tion and approved a consensus which, inter alia, concurrence of the Governments of , called upon all the parties concerned to refrain and the , on each from any act which might aggravate the situa- occasion (19 June and 22 December) unani- tion in Cyprus. mously decided to extend the stationing of the The Secretary-General circulated to members United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus of the Security Council the texts of his renewed (UNFICYP), for a period of six months in appeals to Governments for further voluntary , and for a three-month period in contributions for the maintenance of the United December. Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus, as well The Secretary-General also issued 10 special as the letters he had received during the period reports in November and December on the under review from the representatives of Cyprus, fighting between National Guard troops and Greece and Turkey on various developments Turkish Cypriot fighters at Ayios Theodhoros in relation to Cyprus. and Kophmou on 15 November 1967, which Lieutenant-Général I. A. E. Martola con- started as a local affair but quickly turned into tinued to command the United Nations Peace- an international crisis which threatened the keeping Force in Cyprus in 1967. After the peace of the Eastern Mediterranean. The departure from Cyprus on 5 of Secretary-General asked José Rolz-Bennett, Un- Carlos A. Bernardes, Pier P. Spinelli, the der-Secretary for Special Political Affairs, to Director-General of the United Nations Office 276 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS at Geneva, acted temporarily as the Special construction of new and provocative fortified Representative of the Secretary-General in positions in various parts of the island. Cyprus until 20 February 1967, when Bibiano F. Although he said he had no official informa- Osorio-Tafall, of Mexico, took up his functions tion on the subject, the Secretary-General as the Secretary-General's Special Representa- indicated that the dialogue between Greece and tive in Cyprus. The Secretary-General an- Turkey on the Cyprus issue had remained in nounced the appointment of Mr. Osorio-Tafall abeyance since . However, the on 26 January 1967. Security Council's resolution of 4 On 5 January, 8 May and 24 August, the (186 (1964))1 had called for a continuing Secretary-General appealed to Governments for search for a solution of the Cyprus problem. voluntary contributions to finance the United It was therefore obvious that the issue could Nations operation in Cyprus during 1967. In not be left indefinitely in suspension. his appeals, the Secretary-General expressed his As he had done before, the Secretary-General view that the method of financing of the Cyprus pointed out that excessive confidence in the operation remained unsatisfactory. Pledges re- presence of the United Nations Force might ceived were not covering all the costs of have reduced the sense of urgency of the UNFICYP and its financial situation was pro- contending parties to find solutions for the gressively deteriorating. As at 24 August, new differences which had originally caused violence pledges totalling approximately $8.8 million to erupt in 1963 and 1964. The Secretary- were needed to enable the United Nations to General hoped that all the interested parties cover in full the cost of maintaining the Force would keep in mind the inexorable fact that until 26 . the Force would not remain in Cyprus in- definitely. In the circumstances, however, the REPORT OF SECRETARY-GENERAL Secretary-General, saw no alternative but to FOR THE PERIOD recommend to the Council the extension of the 6 DECEMBER 1966—12 JUNE 1967 Force's mandate for a further six-month period In his report to the Security Council on the ending 26 December 1967. United Nations operation in Cyprus for the period 6 December 1966—12 June 1967, the CONSIDERATION BY Secretary-General stated that during that period SECURITY COUNCIL very little progress, if any, had been made in (19 June 1967) achieving a return to normality or in over- The Security Council considered the Secre- coming the stalemate over broader issues regard- tary-General's report at its meeting held on 19 ing Cyprus. June 1967. As on other occasions, the represen- The general situation in Cyprus remained tatives of Cyprus, Greece and Turkey were for the most part one of uneasy quiet. The invited to participate in the discussion without Secretary-General, however, noted with concern the right to vote. the undercurrents of tension in most areas, the The Council had before it a draft resolution existence of more potential trouble spots than sponsored by Argentina, , Ethiopia, , ever before and the reluctance shown at certain , Mali and Nigeria by which, among other levels of the National Guard and by some things, the Council would reaffirm its previous Turkish Cypriot local leaders to co-operate with decisions on the Cyprus question and would the Force. Accounts were given of a number of extend once more the stationing in Cyprus of serious local incidents, chiefly in the Larnaca the United Nations Peace-keeping Force, es- district, which had made it necessary for the tablished by the Security Council in its resolu- Force to resort occasionally to vigorous action tion 186 (1964), for a further period of six in carrying out its responsibility to prevent the months ending 26 December 1967, in the ex- recurrence of fighting. The Secretary-General pectation that sufficient progress towards a also mentioned with concern the terrorist acts which had claimed civilian victims, and the 1 See Y.U.N., 1964, p. 165, for text of resolution. THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS 277 solution by men would make possible a with- was a sudden revival of interest and activities drawal or substantial reduction of the Force. on the part of the countries of the North The representative of Cyprus said he ap- Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) con- preciated the positive work UNFICYP had been cerning Cyprus. NATO circles seemed to in- doing in contributing to the maintenance of tensify their pressure and threats with a view peace and to the return to normality in Cyprus. to attempting to use the territory of Cyprus The people of Cyprus indeed desired a return and the military bases there for hostile acts to normality, which meant the restoration of against the Arab States. They seemed to be normal conditions in the daily life of the people. attempting to place Cyprus under their political Constitutional issues, on the other hand, fell and military control and to utilize the country entirely within the province of the mediation as part of the aggressive designs of that military function rather than of UNFICYP. Those bloc. Turkish Cypriot leaders who were asking for a The USSR, he said, did not object to the final political settlement as a prerequisite for draft resolution submitted to the Council which normalization were frustrating the efforts of the recommended a further extension of the man- United Nations. date of the United Nations Force in Cyprus, The representative of Cyprus added that the on condition that it was in accord with the people of Cyprus were determined to preserve wishes of the Cyprus Government and that the the unity of their homeland and would never current functions of UNFICYP and the financ- accept suggestions for partition, federation or ing of its expenses would remain as set forth any other solutions based on colonial divisions. in the provisions of the Security Council resolu- If partitionist aims were abandoned and the tion of 4 March 1964. territorial integrity of Cyprus preserved, there The seven-power draft was unanimous- was room for co-operation and understanding ly adopted on 19 June 1967 as resolution between Greece, Turkey and Cyprus. 238(1967). Turkey's spokesman regretted that the "parti- The representative of the United Kingdom, tion phobia" had been brought up in the debate. speaking after the vote, observed that the very He called it a myth and said that no one desired clear and candid report of the Secretary-General the continued independence of Cyprus more warned of renewed large-scale fighting if than did the Government of Turkey. But it was UNFICYP were to be removed. Thus, the also a fact that expansionist elements in Cyprus dangers and the needs of the situation were wanted to swallow the whole island and that apparent. The United Kingdom Government was the crux of the Cyprus problem. The was therefore resolved to support the United Turkish representative observed that the dia- Nations endeavour in Cyprus; it was willing to logue between Greece and Turkey had been maintain its military contingent in UNFICYP in abeyance for reasons beyond the control of and would meet all its costs. the parties, but that genuine efforts were being The United States representative said that made to revive it. the only realistic action to take at that moment In his understanding, a return to normality was to approve for the eleventh time an ex- did not mean the subjugation of the Turkish tension of UNFICYP's mandate. But, as was community to the illegal authority of the Greek pointed out in the Secretary-General's report, administration; normal conditions would come the Force could not remain in Cyprus indefinite- only when a political settlement was reached. ly. All the parties should co-operate fully with The representative of Greece declared that the Secretary-General, his Special Representa- the Greek Foreign Minister had expressed to tive and UNFICYP. In reply to the USSR the Turkish Foreign Minister the resolute in- representative, the representative of the United tention of the Government of Greece to resume States denied the charges of hostile designs by the dialogue with Turkey on all problems, in- NATO against Cyprus. cluding the Cyprus question. The French representative said his delegation The USSR representative observed that there had joined in the unanimous support for the 278 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS extension of the presence of UNFICYP in Cypriot fighters fired a few shots at them. Na- Cyprus because the Governments concerned tional Guard troops and the Cyprus Police wanted it to be extended. He noted the lack immediately returned the fire, first with small of progress towards lessening tensions and arms, then with heavy machine-guns, artillery towards finding a peaceful solution. This status and mortars. Infantry moved against Turkish quo, however, was nothing more than a pre- Cypriot fighter positions and overran them in carious truce. For the French delegation, the and around Ayios Theodhoros within a short extension of the Force's mandate, especially its period of time. Shooting started in nearby financial implications, was subject to the pro- Kophinou as well. In the course of the fighting, visions of the Security Council's resolution of UNFICYP observation posts were not by- 4 March 1964. passed; instead, the National Guard took up The spokesmen for Argentina, Brazil, Canada, positions at or alongside UNFICYP observa- India, Japan, Mali and Nigeria were concerned tions posts, thus drawing fire on them. In with the lack of progress towards a final solu- addition, there were incidents of deliberate tion. UNFICYP's presence in Cyprus was in- damage to UNFICYP equipment and man- dispensable but it did not provide a solution. handling of UNFICYP personnel by the Na- The representatives of India and Mali em- tional Guard. Orally on 15 November and in. phasized that the people of the island should writing the next day, the Secretary-General be allowed to determine freely the political protested to the Cyprus Government about the future of the country and that the early attain- abusive treatment of UNFICYP personnel. ment by Cyprus of total independence should The Secretary-General said that the Govern- lead to at least the reduction of UNFICYP's ment of Turkey considered the fighting in the strength. Ayios Theodhoros-Kophinou area a provoca- tion, planned and premeditated by General SPECIAL REPORTS BY George Grivas, Supreme Commander of the SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR Cyprus armed forces. In the view of the Turkish PERIOD 16-24 NOVEMBER 1967 Government, fighting should be brought im- In his report of 16 November, the Secretary- mediately to a halt in order not to engulf the General said that, as at , the whole island. Consequently, the Government of Cyprus Police had sought to resume its regular Turkey requested UNFICYP to interpose itself patrols, (which it had temporarily suspended between the hostile factions. after some shooting incidents in ) From the beginning of the fighting the through the Turkish Cypriot sector of the mixed Secretary-General in New York, the Force Com- village of Ayios Theodhoros along the main mander and the Special Representative in Nico- access road from Skarinou bridge on the sia made incessant attempts to effect a cease-fire. Nicosia-Limassol highway. Local Turkish Cy- The Secretary-General informed the Turkish priot fighters objected to the resumption of Government of his intention to request the Cyprus Police patrols by this route. First at local, Cyprus Government to agree to UNFICYP's then at the highest level, UNFICYP attempted cease-fire proposal and to withdraw the National to ease the mounting tensions and to negotiate Guard from the positions it had occupied during a fair settlement. When signs of a possible solu- the fighting. tion had begun to take definite shape, the The Secretary-General, at the same time, Cyprus Government felt unable to wait any requested the Turkish Government to exercise longer and resumed patrolling from Skarinou the utmost restraint. into Ayios Theodhoros on 14 November, al- Five minutes before midnight (local time) though UNFICYP recommended postpone- on 15 November, the Foreign Minister of Cy- ment. prus informed the Secretary-General's Special The Secretary-General's report went on to Representative in Cyprus that a cease-fire had say that Cyprus Police patrols escorted by been ordered by the Government, effective im- National Guard troops made their rounds twice mediately. on 15 November; the second time, the Turkish On 18 November, the Secretary-General in- THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS 279 formed Members of the Security Council that Rolz-Bennett, Under-Secretary for Special Po- the situation in the Ayios Theodhoros-Kophinou litical Affairs, as his Personal Representative to area had remained calm but tense. A number assist them in all possible ways to reduce the of shooting incidents in Nicosia and an ex- existing tension. Mr. Rolz-Bennett left New change of fire at the Kokkina enclave had been York that evening for Ankara, Athens and reported by UNFICYP the previous night. Nicosia. Throughout the morning of 18 November, sight- In a message of 24 November, the Prime ings of unidentified aircraft had been reported Minister of Greece pointed out that the Greek by UNFICYP observation posts at Famagusta Government had exercised all its influence for and in Nicosia. The Permanent Representative the rapid return to normality in the Ayios of Cyprus, however, informed the Secretary- Theodhoros-Kophinou area. It had refrained General that his Government had positively from any menacing or provocative statements identifed the planes as Turkish military aircraft. and even from taking certain defensive mea- He, and later the Permanent Representative of sures which might be construed as provocation, Greece, expressed to the Secretary-General their and it had restrained Greek press comment. As Government's anxiety about those overflights Greece desired the settlement of any dispute and the dangerous consequences which might by peaceful means, the Prime Minister re- ensue from them. On the same day, the Secre- quested the Secretary-General actively to pursue tary-General appealed to the Government of his efforts and promised the co-operation of the Turkey for restraint. Greek Government. On 20 November, the Secretary-General re- On 24 November, the Secretary-General ad- ported that firing had broken out in the dressed a new appeal to the President of Cyprus Limnitis enclave on 18 November and had and the Prime Ministers of Greece and Turkey. quickly spread to areas around the enclave. He said that the portents regarding Cyprus were Overflights by Turkish jet aircraft continued on increasingly ominous, and that Greece and 19 November and members of an UNFICYP Turkey appeared to be at the brink of war over patrol were beaten and disarmed by Turkish Cyprus. The United Nations, through its ap- Cypriot fighters on 20 November. Strong propriate organs, should do all it could to avert protests were lodged with the Turkish Cypriot that catastrophe; as Secretary-General, there- leadership and the Turkish Embassy in Nicosia fore, he again appealed to the three States about the incidents. most directly involved—Cyprus, Greece and On 22 November, the Secretary-General ad- Turkey—in the strongest possible terms, to exer- dressed an urgent appeal to the President of cise utmost restraint, to avoid all acts or Cyprus and the Prime Ministers of Greece and threats of force, to be temperate in their public Turkey. The message stated that alarming utterances relating to the Cyprus problem and reports continued to reach the Secretary-General to relations among them. The problems of of military preparations, the movement of forces Cyprus were numerous and complicated. One and threatening statements by the Governments of the most critical problems at that time was particularly concerned, as a consequence of the the presence of non-Cypriot armed forces, other unfortunate recent incidents of fighting in than the United Nations Force, in the island. Cyprus. Such activities could only increase the In the belief of the Secretary-General, the danger of military conflict in the area. In the prevailing tension could be eased and the im- interest of peace, the Secretary-General felt minent threat of war removed by a reasoned obliged to address a most earnest appeal to the and earnest effort by the three parties directly three Governments to avoid any action that concerned to agree upon and arrange for a could precipitate a new outbreak of hostilities substantial reduction of the non-Cypriot armed and to exercise the utmost restraint in the ex- forces on the troubled island of Cyprus. In a plosive circumstances. On the same day, the practical sense, such reductions would need to Secretary-General also took the exceptional step be in stages and should envisage the ultimate of sending to the three capitals, with the ap- withdrawal from the island of all non-Cypriot proval of the Governments concerned, José armed forces other than those of the United 280 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS Nations. This would make possible the positive The representative of Turkey said that the demilitarization of Cyprus and would be a Eastern Mediterranean was once again jeo- decisive step towards securing peace in the pardized by the irresponsible actions of the island. The Secretary-General, therefore, ap- Greeks and the Greek Cypriots under General pealed most urgently to the three Governments Grivas. The territorial integrity and the in- to agree to work out a programme for phased dependence of Cyprus were indeed in mortal reduction looking towards ultimate complete danger because the Greek Army had infiltrated withdrawal. The Secretary-General offered his and had actually occupied the part of Cyprus assistance and that of UNFICYP towards which was under Greek Cypriot administration. achieving that end, and he called upon all The Commander-in-Chief, almost the entire Governments to respect the sovereignty, in- officer corps and a large number of army re- dependence and territorial integrity of the gulars in the Greek Cypriot armed forces were Republic of Cyprus and to refrain from any Greeks who were responsible directly to the military intervention in the affairs of that Greek General Staff in Athens and to no Republic. authority in Cyprus. Relying on the military strength they had built up in complete disregard CONSIDERATION BY of the Security Council's resolution of 4 March SECURITY COUNCIL 1964, Greece and the Greek Cypriots had (24/25 November 1967) adopted measures designed to lead to the an- On 24 November 1967, the Permanent Re- nexation of Cyprus to Greece. The military presentative of Cyprus requested an immediate action against the Turkish Cypriot villages of emergency meeting of the Security Council "in Ayios Theodhoros and Kophinou had been view of the clear threat of imminent invasion of launched with that goal in mind. The Turkish the territory of the Republic of Cyprus by Government was in possession of reliable in- Turkish forces." The Security Council met on formation that a joint Greek and Greek Cypriot 24/25 November to consider the situation. The force of approximately 3,000 men, armoured representatives of Cyprus, Greece and Turkey cars, heavy weapons and artillery had been were invited to participate without vote in the utilized in the attack under the personal direc- discussion. The Council had before it the tion of General Grivas. If the Turkish Govern- Secretary-General's special reports on develop- ment had not taken a firm attitude and if the ments in the island. Secretary-General and UNFICYP had not in- Setting out his Government's reasons for call- tervened so energetically, other Turkish Cypriot ing the meeting, the representative of Cyprus settlements in Cyprus would have suffered the said that Cyprus was under the imminent same fate as Ayios Theodhoros and Kophinou. threat of attack by Turkey; he referred to pre- Knowing all that, he went on, the Turkish parations for invasion by Turkish military forces Government had therefore come firmly to be- and the Turkish navy and to a series of over- lieve that the illegal Greek army of occupation flights by Turkish aircraft. A military source in in Cyprus—which had even attacked and put Ankara had said that air force, army and navy out of action units of the United Nations Peace- units were on the alert in south-central Turkey, keeping Force during the fighting—was the only only 40 miles from Cyprus. The Prime Minister element which threatened the peace of the of Turkey had also indicated that landings island, posed the greatest danger to the security would be made on Cyprus. The representative and life of the Turkish community in Cyprus and of Cyprus therefore appealed to the Security represented the most direct impediment to the Council to protect Cyprus from that invasion. effective functioning of UNFICYP. Conse- It had been said—he observed—that Turkey's quently, it should go if peace was to return to threatening moves were the results of the events Cyprus. at Ayios Theodhoros. That was not the case. The Turkish Government felt that the Cyprus had been actually threatened by Turkey Security Council should condemn the inhuman with invasion before and the Security Council's crimes perpetrated against the Turkish com- action had saved the situation then. munity at Kophinou and Ayios Theodhoros and THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS 281 call for the payment of compensation to the measures. Turkish warships were on manœuvres inhabitants of the two villages. in the region of Cyprus, The USSR Govern- The representative of Greece deplored the ment had already drawn attention to the fact incident at Ayios Theodhoros. At the root of that the military coup in Greece in April 1967 those events lay the Turkish Government's re- had created a direct threat to the independence fusal for two months to agree to the resumption and the normal democratic development of of patrols to the village of Ayios Theodhoros. Cyprus. Reactionary circles in Greece had been It seemed clear that the Turkish Government working out plans for the military solution of wanted to create a new enclave in the region the Cyprus problem and for the liquidation of to prevent peaceful co-existence between the the independence and territorial integrity of Turkish and the Greek community there. Cyprus by enosis. With outside help, they had Turkey had left nothing undone to create an also attempted to turn the whole island into atmosphere charged with tension. The Prime a military base for NATO (the North Atlantic Ministers of Greece and Turkey had met on 9 Treaty Organization). and 10 September 1967 and had agreed that ap- In the interest of maintaining peace in the propriate measures would be taken to prevent area, the USSR Government had called upon any increase of tension in Cyprus, and to the parties to exercise restraint and renounce strengthen the bonds of friendship and co-opera- attempts to solve the problems between the tion between Turkey and Greece. Contrary to Greek and by the use of arms. that pledge, and long before the events at Ayios The expansion of the conflict, particularly a Theodhoros, Turkish personalities had helped military clash, might bring consequences which to create a war climate by making inflammatory were difficult to foresee. statements, while the Turkish Government had The United Kingdom representative said that actually set itself on a course of provocative the Council should devote its attention to serious acts which included the mass violation of Greek efforts to find the action most conducive to main- air space by Turkish military planes beginning taining peace and should not resort to accusa- on 2 November. tions. He commended the steps the Secretary- After the events of 15 November. Turkey General had taken towards reducing tensions. had increased her intimidation and on 18 The representative of the United States said November the Turkish National Assembly was he was deeply disturbed by the dangerous situa- said to have empowered the Government "to tion. He called attention to efforts initiated by extend its intervention if in the course of the the Secretary-General with commendable vigour intervention in Cyprus Greece were to inter- and urgency, and to other efforts by his own fere." The immediate task of the Security Council country which were under way to avert armed was to prevent the use of force against a conflict. He appealed to all to exercise every Member of the United Nations. Greece had means to maintain the peace and co-operate done everything possible to preserve peace. In with the current peace efforts which offered the order to be fully informed of the situation in promise of a permanent settlement. Cyprus, the Greek Government had asked After a recess suggested by its President, the General Grivas to return to Athens. Security Council unanimously approved a con- The representative of the USSR said that sensus expressed by its President, as follows: his Government had consistently supported the After holding consultations with the members of independence, sovereignty and territorial in- the Council, I have been authorized to make the tegrity of Cyprus. Recent events caused concern following statement on behalf of the Security Council : The Council has now acquainted itself with the for the peace and security of the whole Eastern position of the parties directly concerned. It is gravely Mediterranean area. The Greek Army was concerned in view of the tense and dangerous situa- reported to have been put on alert, and the tion with regard to Cyprus. The Council notes with reactionary clique of officers in Athens was satisfaction the efforts undertaken by the Secretary- General to help maintain peace in the region and making provocative statements to create a calls upon all the parties concerned to show the ut- pretext for intervention in the affairs of Cyprus. most moderation and restraint and to refrain from Turkey, for its part, had also undertaken certain any act which might aggravate the situation in Cyprus 282 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS and constitute a threat to the peace. The Security Government had had frank conversations with Council further requests all concerned urgently to Mr. Rolz-Bennett and with other emissaries and assist and co-operate in keeping the peace and arriv- ing at a permanent settlement in accordance with the had explained to them the policies and peace- resolution of the Security Council of 4 March 1964. ful intentions of Turkey. In the view of the Turkish Government, the purposes of the Se- cretary-General's appeal could best be served FURTHER REPORTS BY if the party to which it was mainly addressed THE SECRETARY-GENERAL —Greece—were to act with a spirit of un- SPECIAL REPORTS SUBMITTED derstanding and adopt without delay a con- BETWEEN 3 AND 6 DECEMBER 1967 structive attitude. In further special reports between 3 and 6 On 3 December 1967, the Secretary-General December, the Secretary-General made known addressed a third appeal to the President of the replies he had received from Greece and Cyprus and to the Prime Ministers of Greece Turkey and an oral communication from Turkey and Turkey. He noted that his previous urgent in respect of his previous appeals. appeals had received generally favourable reac- In a letter of 27 November, the President of tions by the three Governments, and he ex-- Cyprus welcomed the Secretary-General's per- pressed his appreciation for their avoidance of sonal offer of assistance to the three Govern- resort to force. Subsequent to those appeals, the ments. The President of Cyprus considered it Secretary-General had been informed that there imperative to have effective international as- had been consultations and discussions involving surances for the respect of the sovereignty, in- the parties. In view of those consultations, the dependence and territorial integrity of the Secretary-General deemed it necessary again to Republic. He expressed his Government's grati- appeal to the Governments of Greece and Tur- tude for the unsparing efforts of the Secretary- key to take immediate measures to end any General, including the initiative in sending Mr. threat to the security of one another as well Rolz-Bennett on his visits to the three capitals. as of Cyprus and, as a first step, in response to In his reply, dated 27 November, to the Se- his second appeal of 24 November, "to carry cretary-General's second appeal, the Prime out an expeditious withdrawal of those of their Minister of Greece accepted the Secretary- forces in excess of their respective contingents General's suggestions and endorsed the appeal in Cyprus." The Secretary-General said he as a whole. However, he considered it essential gathered that, subject to the necessary action that the Turkish Government should give for- by the Security Council, UNFICYP's mandate mal assurances to respect the sovereignty, in- might be enlarged, if desired for the realization dependence and territorial integrity of Cyprus of quiet and peace in Cyprus, so as to give the and refrain from any military intervention in Force broader functions with regard to the the affairs of the Republic. Furthermore, if pacification of the Island, including supervision there was to be a withdrawal of non-Cypriot of disarmament and security measures, and he forces from Cyprus, that move should be ac- offered his good offices in this connexion. companied by a recall of measures of military The replies from the Prime Ministers of preparedness taken by the Turkish Government Greece and Turkey to the Secretary-General's and directed against both Greece and Cyprus. third appeal were received on the same day The Prime Minister of Greece further agreed —3 December—as was a preliminary response with the Secretary-General that the aim should from the Government of Cyprus. be the ultimate complete withdrawal from Cy- The Prime Minister of Greece took note of prus of non-Cypriot forces other than those of the Secretary-General's message, welcomed his the United Nations. appeal, accepted its contents and expressed his In an oral communication to the Secretary- Government's readiness to carry it out ex- General of 28 November, the Permanent Re- peditiously. presentative of Turkey said that, consistent with The Prime Minister of Turkey informed the the spirit of the appeal, members of the Turkish Secretary-General that the Turkish Government THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS 283 had accepted his appeal and was ready to carry come to New York to exchange views with the it out expeditiously. In view of the tragic events Secretary-General on relevant matters. in Cyprus, the Turkish Government fully sup- ported the enlargement of UNFICYP's man- REPORT ON UNITED NATIONS date and functions to include the supervision of OPERATION IN CYPRUS IN disarmament in Cyprus that would extend to PERIOD 13 JUNE-8 DECEMBER 1967 all forces constituted after 1963. The Govern- In a report dated 8 December which he sub- ment of Turkey considered such measures as an mitted to the Security Council on the United indispensable guarantee for the security of the Nations operation in Cyprus for the period 13 Turkish community and for the prevention of June-8 December 1967, the Secretary-General new menaces to peace in the island and the said that the events in Cyprus and their very region. The purpose was now to resolve the serious repercussions had shown that, in spite current crisis. Consequently, measures taken in of the best efforts of UNFICYP, relatively small pursuance of the Secretary-General's appeal incidents could easily and rapidly develop into could not affect the validity of existing treaties an imminent threat to international peace. The or prejudge the modalities of a final solution. Secretary-General's appeals and the replies to On 4 December, the President of Cyprus them, as well as the efforts of his Personal said he shared the view that the withdrawal Representative, José Rolz-Bennett, had demon- from Cyprus of the forces of Greece and Turkey strated the need for a positive demilitarization in excess of their respective contingents would of Cyprus which would be a decisive step to- be a step towards the ultimate and complete wards securing peace on the Island. As regards withdrawal of all non-Cypriot armed forces the further role UNFICYP might undertake for other than those of the United Nations, and in the realization of quiet and peace in Cyprus, line with the Secretary-General's previous ap- the Secretary-General had gathered that, sub- peal of 24 November 1967. Threats to the ject to the necessary action by the Security security of Cyprus had, he said, been the major Council, it involved the enlargement of the danger to international peace in the area during mandate of the Force so as to give it broader the current crisis, as well as on previous oc- functions with regard to the realization of quiet casions. His Government welcomed the Sec- and peace in Cyprus, including supervision of retary-General's appeal for immediate measures disarmament and the devising of practical ar- to put an end to such threats, and considered rangements to safeguard internal security, em- that effective guarantees against military in- bracing the safety of all the people of Cyprus. tervention were a demanding necessity and The Secretary-General added that although should be ensured through the Security Council. it had been possible, at the eleventh hour, to The question of any further role of UNFICYP stem the tide, it was of the utmost urgency to or enlargement of its mandate would have to act with speed and determination in the search be considered by the Security Council, with for a lasting solution to the Cyprus question. due regard to the sovereignty of Cyprus, he The mediation effort had been inoperative for went on. The Government of Cyprus looked some time for reasons with which the Council forward to UNFICYP's contribution to mea- was well acquainted. Neither the parties nor sures aimed at the establishment of peace and the Security Council could afford to allow the security for all the people of Cyprus. The situation to stumble from crisis to deeper crisis. Cyprus Government had carefully noted and The Secretary-General urged all concerned, gladly accepted the Secretary-General's good therefore, to seize the opportunity emerging offices proffered in his appeals in relation to from the recent crisis and to display the states- matters referred to therein and during the manship and goodwill which were essential to relevant discussions in the Security Council. resolve that complex and long-standing ques- On 6 December, the President of Cyprus tion. To that end, the good offices of the Sec- formally asked for the Secretary-General's good retary-General continued to be available to the offices. The Foreign Minister of Cyprus was to parties and to the Security Council. 284 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS CONSIDERATION BY step should be the disarming and disbanding SECURITY COUNCIL of illegal troops created in violation of the Con- (20 and 22 December 1967) stitution of Cyprus. This stage would come On 20 December, the Council, met to discuss when all parties, including the Turkish Cypriot the Secretary-General's latest report on the community, could peacefully reach a settlement United Nations operation in Cyprus for the by themselves or through the United Nations. period 13 June to 8 December 1967. As on Concerning pacification of the island, he said previous occasions, the Security Council agreed it was a bitter fact that, ever since its creation at their request to invite the representatives of in March 1964, the peace-keeping force in Cy- Cyprus, Greece and Turkey to participate in prus had been unable to prevent major military the debate, without the right to vote. In addi- aggression by the Greek Cypriots, although it tion, the Security Council, at his request and had averted escalations into a major holocaust. under its provisional rules of procedure, invited The assault on the two Turkish villages could Osman Orek, representing the Turkish Cypriot have been averted if UNFICYP had had the community, to make a statement. necessary authority. If the United Nations peace- The representative of Cyprus said that talks keeping force was hamstrung by narrow con- or negotiations could not be conducted fruit- cepts, it could do no more than maintain the fully under threats of invasion. In response to explosive status quo and might even delay for- the Secretary-General's appeal of 24 November ever a final, peaceful settlement. 1967, the Greek and Turkish Governments had The representative of Greece said his coun- agreed to withdraw from Cyprus troops in excess try had complied with the appeals of the Secre- of their respective contingents. It was, therefore, tary-General and in turn, had the moral right more than ever necessary to provide Cyprus to ask the Security Council to fill the gap in with an effective guarantee against the pos- the island's defence against attack from abroad; sibility of external attack. The Cyprus Govern- the threat to Cyprus would not miraculously dis- ment took the view that it would be in the appear with the withdrawal of Greek forces. The interest of peace if there were a complete Secretary-General's report suggested positive steps withdrawal of Greek and Turkish troops from in the right direction. The task should be to work Cyprus accompanied by such a guarantee. In out arrangements for the consolidation of peace that case, the Cyprus Government would be and security in the region; Greece would give ready to consider the question of complete in- its positive support to such an effort. It was ternal disarmament, including the dismantling likely that a process of entering into a certain of the National Guard. The Cyprus problem phase of consultations was under way with the was not a problem between Greece and Turkey good offices of the Secretary-General. That but a problem which concerned the people of phase should be approached with an open mind. Cyprus. The Cyprus Government was, there- At the invitation of the President, Osman fore, not consenting at that time to any new, Orek took the floor and said that he spoke bilateral effort between Greece and Turkey before the Council on behalf of the main ag- with regard to the Cyprus problem. grieved party in the Cyprus problem. In the The representative of Turkey said that the course of the last four years the whole world real disease in Cyprus was the desire of the had come to realize the true nature of the Greek Cypriots for enosis with Greece by any Cyprus problem. It transpired that the sole aim means. Archbishop Makarios had succeeded in of the Greek leaders of Cyprus had been to convincing many that he had been paying only misuse the independent status of Cyprus and lip-service to the cause of enosis while he sin- its membership in the United Nations as an cerely wished to see Cyprus remain independ- instrument for bringing about enosis. An ob- ent. It was for the Council to take measures to jective analysis of the present situation would prevent that recurrence of the Cyprus crisis. reveal that the Turkish community had been There were three stages to peace. The first, robbed of its rights, and attempts had been withdrawal of Greek troops which had infil- made to abrogate the Treaty of Guarantee of trated into Cyprus, was under way. The next 1960 which had provided for its security. THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS 285 As to a final settlement, he said, it was en- ther the differences created between the great couraging that Greece and Turkey had agreed powers by events in the Middle East. The French to proposals by the Secretary General. How- Government was happy to note that the leaders ever, the armed threat against Turkish Cypriots of Ankara, Athens and Nicosia had responded must cease immediately. A golden opportunity to the appeals by the Secretary-General. It was had appeared for the Greek Cypriot leadership, also gratified by the agreement on military dis- if it wanted peace and tranquillity, to lay down engagement which had contributed to the res- its arms, respect the constitutional rights of the toration of calm in Cyprus. The situation, how- Turkish Cypriots and prepare the ground for ever, was still far from being normal and satis- an agreed settlement of the Cyprus problem. factory. The French delegation would have no To that end, they would find the Turkish Cypri- objections to a short extension of the Force's ots co-operative. mandate within the framework of the Security The representative of the United Kingdom Council's resolution of 4 March 1964. That said that the mandate of the United Nations resolution had formulated the mandate of the Force in Cyprus was to expire in five or six Force in terms sufficiently general to cover all days but those States providing troops to the eventualities and to make it possible for the Force had actually a day or two to take deci- Force to function efficiently, but its presence sions. In those circumstances, the Council should was not the equivalent to a settlement of the act as soon as possible. In addition to extending question. It was necessary that during the short for three months the mandate of the Force, extension of the Force's mandate, the three the Security Council should consider the sug- Governments make a concerted effort to achieve gestions the Secretary-General had made to the a lasting solution to the Cyprus problem. Security Council, including his offer of good The representative of the USSR said that his offices to find the right way forward. No final Government still based its position on the fact solution to the problems could perhaps be found that the question of Cyprus should be settled soon, but the Security Council could find the by peaceful means, in the interest of the Cypriot right course which would enable it to prevent people and of relaxing tension in that part of the recurrence of fighting. the world. It was the profound conviction of On 22 December, the President submitted a the USSR that in order to guarantee full and draft resolution which, he announced, had been genuine independence and territorial integrity agreed upon by all members after intensive to the Government of Cyprus, which was a consultations. By this, the Security Council, Member of the United Nations, all foreign noting, among other things, the three appeals troops should be withdrawn from its territory of the Secretary-General and his report of 8 and all foreign military bases there should be December and the replies of the three Govern- eliminated. ments concerned to the third appeal of 3 De- He went on to note that the Secretary-Gen- cember in which the Secretary-General had eral's report again recommended the extension proffered his good offices, would extend the of the stationing of UNFICYP in Cyprus. In stationing in Cyprus of UNFICYP for a period that connexion, he pointed out that the suc- of three months; invite the parties promptly to cessive extensions of the stationing of UNFICYP avail themselves of the good offices proffered by for almost four years in Cyprus could not be the Secretary-General; and urge the parties considered normal. In general, the decision to concerned to undertake a new, determined send United Nations armed forces into any effort to achieve the objectives of the Council, particular country should be taken only as a with a view, as requested in its consensus of most extreme measure. On the basis of this 24/25 November 1967, to keeping the peace position the Soviet Government had, in prin- and arriving at a permanent settlement in ciple, been opposed to sending foreign troops accordance with resolution 186 of 4 March to Cyprus. Nevertheless, it had not opposed the 1964. Security Council's resolution of 4 March 1964 The representative of observed that because it had wanted to meet the desires of the recent crisis in Cyprus had aggravated fur- Cyprus, whose Government had considered the 286 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS resolution a useful one, despite its deficiencies. tion to the United Nations peace-keeping opera- Turkey had also agreed to the Security Coun- tion in Cyprus and to those States which had cil's action. But the USSR would firmly oppose shown their active concern for the United any transformation of UNFICYP into a kind Nations by making generous financial contribu- of police force which might use arms against tions. He also wished to assure the parties which either the Greek or the Turkish community in had been invited in the resolution to avail them- Cyprus, as this would represent interference by selves of his good offices that he was immedi- the United Nations in the internal affairs of ately available to help them find a way to Cyprus. As to the draft resolution submitted, resolve their differences. The Secretary-General the USSR would not prevent its adoption, pro- would have welcomed clear guidance by the vided it was the desire of the Governments of Security Council on the basic points which had Cyprus and other interested parties and if it been the subject of much negotiation with the were in full accord with the provisions of the parties and on which some of them had had Security Council's resolution of 4 March 1964. sharply divergent views. The Secretary-General, The representative of the United States sup- therefore, warned of the difficulties ahead and ported the draft resolution extending the life reiterated in the strongest possible terms the call of the United Nations Force in Cyprus. He he had made to the parties in his report of 8 commended the efforts which had been made December 1967. by many, including Mr. Rolz-Bennett, to turn the tide of the rapidly mounting crisis concern- SPECIAL REPORT BY SECRETARY-GENERAL, ing Cyprus. The Secretary-General's appeal of ON DEVELOPMENTS OCCURRING 3 December represented a critical element in AT END OF DECEMBER 1967 the favourable turn of events. The withdrawal On 3 , the Secretary-General of Greek and Turkish troops as a first step and informed members of the Security Council of the extension of the good offices of the Secre- the establishment on 29 December 1967 by the tary-General as a second step constituted the Turkish Cypriot leadership of a "provisional critical factors of the process which might lead Cyprus Turkish administration" and of the po- to a permanent solution. For its part, the United sitions the Governments of Cyprus, Greece and States Government would continue to support Turkey had taken in their communications to the work of UNFICYP both politically and the Secretary-General regarding that develop- financially, as it had been doing since the ment. Force's inception. In a statement transmitted to the Secretary- The representatives of Canada, Denmark and General by the Permanent Representative of Nigeria paid tribute to the Secretary-General Cyprus on 29 December 1967, the President of for his initiatives and to his colleagues and ex- Cyprus regarded the establishment of the "pro- pressed their hope that the parties concerned visional Cyprus Turkish administration" as a would lose no opportunity to settle their differ- flagrantly unlawful step and declared its pos- ences and would work towards achieving a sible actions entirely null and void. He also political solution. regarded that step as a direct intervention by The draft was adopted unanimously on 22 Turkey in the internal affairs of Cyprus with December as resolution 244(1967). (For text, the aim of undermining the good offices of see DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES below.) the Secretary-General. On 30 December, the The Secretary-General then stated that he Cyprus Government informed a number of for- was immediately requesting the Governments eign ambassadors in Cyprus that any visits by of the States providing contingents for the them to the head of the new administration Force to continue to make their contingents would be regarded by Cyprus as contrary to available. He expressed his appreciation to the their accreditation to the President of the Re- Governments of , Austria, Canada, public. On the same day, the Cyprus Govern- Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden and the ment declared Zeki Kuneralp, Secretary-Gen- United Kingdom for their unfailing contribu- eral of the Turkish Foreign Ministry, persona THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS 287 non grata for his participation in the prepara- eral that the establishment of the "provisional tion of the establishment of the "provisional Cyprus Turkish administration" represented a Cyprus Turkish administration." reorganization of Turkish Cypriot administra- On 30 December, the Permanent Represent- tive affairs and had been carried out within ative of Greece declared the establishment of the framework of the Cyprus Constitution. The the "provisional Cyprus Turkish administration" new provisional arrangements were designed to be in direct contravention of the spirit and to make possible better administration of com- the letter of the Secretary-General's appeals for munal affairs through a central authority and the settlement of the latest crisis in Cyprus. to eliminate confusion, overlapping and mis- Such an action might undermine the chances understandings which had existed in the past. of a possible détente towards a final solution for The measures were of a practical nature, he the Cyprus problem. said, and were not related to the final solution On 30 December, the Permanent Representa- of the Cyprus question. tive of Turkey indicated to the Secretary-Gen-

THE UNITED NATIONS FORCE IN CYPRUS (Contingents by Country of Origin, as at 31 December 1967) Military Civilian Police Austria (Hospital Unit) 54 Australia 49 Canada 879 Austria 45 Denmark 657 Denmark 40 Finland 607 Sweden 40 Ireland 525 Sweden 614 Total 174 United Kingdom 1,227 Grand Total 4,737 Total 4,563

THE FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING OPERATION IN CYPRUS The following table lists the pledges of vol- TOTAL PLEDGES untary contributions made by various Govern- GOVERNMENT (in U.S. Dollar Equivalents) Ivory Coast 30,000 ments for financing the United Nations peace- Jamaica 8,000 keeping operation in Cyprus (as at 31 Decem- Japan 400,000 ber 1967) for the period from 27 March 1964 Laos 1,500 to 26 December 1967. Lebanon 997 Liberia 4,500 Libya 30,000 TOTAL PLEDGES Luxembourg 45,000 GOVERNMENT fin U.S. Dollar Equivalents) Malawi 5,590 Australia 1,036,875 Malaysia 7,500 Austria 520,000 1,820 Belgium 1,283,142 20,000 600 Nepal 400 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 20,000 Netherlands 921,000 Cyprus 462,600 New Zealand 42,000 Denmark 1,005,000 Niger 2,041 Federal Republic of Germany 6,500,000 Nigeria 10,800 Finland 225,000 Norway 893,792 Ghana 11,666 Pakistan 5,800 Greece 5,650,000 Philippines 1,000 Iceland 2,000 Republic of Korea 16,000 14,000 Republic of Viet-Nam 4,000 Ireland 50,000 1,500 26,500 Sweden 1,540,000 1,842,618 Switzerland 895,000 288 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS

TOTAL PLEDGES TOTAL PLEDGES GOVERNMENT (in U.S. Dollar Equivalents) GOVERNMENT (in U.S. Dollar Equivalents) 2,500 Venezuela 3,000 Trinidad and Tobago 2,400 Zambia 26,000 Turkey 1,539,747 United Kingdom 16,620,636 73,819,524 United Republic of Tanzania 7,000 * Maximum amount pledged, part of which to United States 32,100,000* be dependent on contributions of other Governments.

DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES COMMUNICATIONS FOR PERIOD "2. Urges the parties concerned to act with the 1 JANUARY—19 JUNE 1967 utmost restraint and to continue determined co- S/7669. Letter of 5 January 1967 from Secretary- operative efforts to achieve the objectives of the General to Governments containing further appeal Security Council; for voluntary contributions for financing of United "3. Extends once more the stationing in Cyprus Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force, estab- S/7674. Letter of 10 January 1967 from Cyprus. lished under Security Council resolution 186(1964), S/7687. Letter of 14 January 1967 from Turkey. for a further period of six months ending 26 De- S/7697. Letter of 24 January 1967 from Cyprus. cember 1967, in the expectation that sufficient progress S/7713, S/7777. Letters of 31 January and 20 towards a solution by then will make possible a February 1967 from Turkey. withdrawal or substantial reduction of the Force." S/7789. Letter of 24 February 1967 from Cyprus. S/7878. Letter of 8 May 1967 from Secretary-Gen- COMMUNICATIONS FOR PERIOD eral to Governments containing further appeal for 20 JUNE—23 NOVEMBER 1967 voluntary contributions for financing of UNFICYP. S/8028. Letter of 30 June 1967 from Turkey. S/8038. Letter of 1 July 1967 from Greece. CONSIDERATION BY S/8099. Letter of 26 July 1967 from Turkey. SECURITY COUNCIL S/8136. Letter of 24 from Secretary- (19 June 1967) General to Governments containing further appeal for voluntary contributions for financing of SECURITY COUNCIL, meeting 1362. UNFICYP. S/7969. Report by Secretary-General dated 13 June S/8141. Letter of 6 September 1967 from Cyprus. 1967 on United Nations Operation in Cyprus (for S/8143. Letter of 5 September 1967 from Greece. period 6 December 1966 to 12 June 1967). S/8251 and Corr.1, S/8260, S/8261. Letters of 18, S/7995, S/7998, S/7999. Requests by Greece, Turkey 22 and 23 November 1967 from Cyprus. and Cyprus to participate in Council's debate. S/7996. Argentina, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Japan, CONSIDERATION BY Mali, Nigeria: draft resolution. SECURITY COUNCIL (24/25 November 1967) RESOLUTION 238(1967), as proposed by 7 powers, S/7996, adopted unanimously by Council on 19 CONSENSUS OF 24/25 NOVEMBER 1967 June 1967, meeting 1362. "The Security Council, SECURITY COUNCIL, meeting 1383. "Noting from the report of the Secretary-General of 13 June 1967 (S/7969) that in the present cir- S/8248 and Add. 1-5. Special reports by Secretary- cumstances the United Nations Peace-keeping Force General, dated 16, 18, 20, 22, 23 and 24 November in Cyprus is still needed if peace is to be maintained 1967, on recent developments in Cyprus. in the island, S/8262. Letter of 24 November 1967 from Cyprus "Noting that the Government of Cyprus has agreed (request to convene emergency meeting of Security that in view of the prevailing conditions in the Council.) island it is necessary to continue the Force beyond S/8263, S/8264, S/8265. Requests by Cyprus, Greece, 26 June 1967, Turkey to participate in Council's debate. "1. Reaffirms its resolutions 186 ( 1964 ) of 4 March S/8266. Consensus expressed by President and ap- 187(1964) of 13 March, 192(1964) of 20 June, proved by Security Council at 1383rd meeting on 193(1964) of 9 August, 194(1964) of 25 Septem- 24/25 November 1967. (For text of consensus, see ber and 198(1964) of 18 , 201(1965) pp. 281-82.) of 19 March, 206(1965) of 15 June, 207(1965) of 10 August and 219(1965) of 17 , COMMUNICATIONS FOR PERIOD 220(1966) of 16 March, 222(1966) of 16 June and 25 NOVEMBER-20 DECEMBER 1967 231(1966) of 15 December 1966, and the consensus S/8268. Letter of 27 November 1967 from USSR. expressed by the President at the 1143rd meeting S/8270. Letter of 27 November 1967 from Turkey. on 11 ; S/8278. Letter of 29 November 1967 from Cyprus. RELATIONS BETWEEN GREECE AND TURKEY 289 CONSIDERATION BY 1964 and its subsequent resolutions as well as its SECURITY COUNCIL expressions of consensus on this question; (20 and 22 December 1967) "2. Extends the stationing in Cyprus of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force established under SECURITY COUNCIL, meetings 1385, 1386. the Council's resolution 186, for a period of three S/8248 and Add.6-9. Special reports by Secretary- months ending on 26 ; General, dated 3, 4 and 7 December 1967, on "3. Invites the parties promptly to avail them- recent developments in Cyprus. selves of the good offices proffered by the Secretary- S/8286. Report by Secretary-General dated 8 De- General and requests the Secretary-General to report cember 1967 on United Nations Operation in on the results to the Council as appropriate; Cyprus (for period 13 June to 8 December 1967). "4. Calls upon all the parties concerned to con- S/8293, S/8294. Letters of 12 December 1967 from tinue to show the utmost moderation and restraint Turkey. and refrain from any act which might aggravate S/8298, S/8299, S/8305. Requests by Greece, Turkey the situation; and Cyprus to participate in Council's debate. "5. Urges the parties concerned to undertake a new determined effort to achieve the objectives of RESOLUTION 244(1967), as agreed upon by members the Security Council with a view, as requested in of Council, adopted unanimously by Council on the Council's consensus of 24/25 November 1967, 22 December 1967, meeting 1386. to keeping the peace and arriving at a permanent "The Security Council, settlement in accordance with the resolution of the "Noting the appeals addressed by the Secretary- Security Council of 4 March 1964; General to the Governments of Greece, Turkey and "6. Decides to remain seized of this question and Cyprus on 22 November, 24 November and 3 De- to reconvene for its further consideration as soon cember and the report of the Secretary-General of as circumstances and developments so require." 8 December 1967 (S/8286), "Noting the replies of the three Governments con- SUBSEQUENT COMMUNICATIONS AND cerned to the appeal of the Secretary-General of 3 REPORTS BY SECRETARY-GENERAL December in which the Secretary-General proffered S/8318. Letter of 29 December 1967 from Cyprus. his good offices, and their replies to his previous S/8320. Letter of 30 December 1967 from Greece. appeals, S/8327, S/8330. Letters of 8 January 1968 from "Noting from the said report of the Secretary- Turkey. General that circumstances continue to require the presence of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force S/8323. Special report by Secretary-General, dated in Cyprus for a further period, 3 January 1968, on recent developments regarding "Noting that the Government of Cyprus has agreed Cyprus. that it is necessary to continue the Force beyond S/8446. Report by Secretary-General on United Na- 26 December 1967, tions Operation in Cyprus (for period 9 December "1. Reaffirms its resolution 186(1964) of 4 -8 March 1968).

CHAPTER XII RELATIONS BETWEEN GREECE AND TURKEY During 1967, the Secretary-General received waters by the air or naval forces of the other. communications from the Governments of The charges were in most cases denied by the Greece and Turkey concerning relations between accused Government. The Secretary-General their two countries. In those communications, circulated the text of the communications to both Governments complained respectively of members of the Security Council. violations of their air space and territorial (See also pp. 275-89.)

DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES S/8091. Letter of 18 July 1967 from Greece. S/8246, S/8250. Letters of 15 and 17 November 1967 S/8142, S/8156. Letters of 31 August and 13 Sep- from Greece. tember 1967 from Turkey. S/8256. Letter of 22 November 1967 from Turkey. S/8201, S/8224, S/8225, S/8230, S/8239. Letters S/8267, S/8273, S/8274, S/8276. Letters of 24, 25, of 18 October and 4, 8 and 10 November 1967 27 and 28 November 1967 from Greece. from Greece. S/8282. Letter of 1 December 1967 from Turkey. S/8240, S/8244. Letters of 13 and 14 November S/8285, S/8302, S/8317. Letters of 2, 18 and 23 1967 from Turkey. December 1967 from Greece.