THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS 275 that his Government did not recognize the tage of his forthcoming visit to Cairo, United Yemen Arab Republic and criticized the United Arab Republic, to solicit an official reply from Nations for doing so. He also charged that be- the United Arab Republic Government to the tween 11 and 14 May 1967, Ilyushin-type several charges lodged against that Government Egyptian aircraft had indiscriminately raided by Saudi Arabia. Replying on 21 May 1967, the Saudi Arabian territory three times, killing three Secretary-General assured the Deputy Per- persons and wounding 11 others. manent Representative of his impartiality and On 20 May 1967, the Deputy Permanent preoccupation with peace in the world, and Representative of Saudi Arabia, by telegram, stated that he had taken note of the Deputy requested the Secretary-General to take advan- Permanent Representative's suggestion. DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES S/7749. Letter of 14 February 1967 from Saudi (also circulated as document of Human Rights Arabia. Commission, E/CN.4/945). S/7768. Letter of 18 February 1967 from Secretary- S/7887, S/7889, S/7897. Letters of 15 and 16 May General. 1967 and message of 20 May 1967 from Saudi S/7793 and Corr.1, S/7842. Exchange of cables with Arabia. Deputy Permanent Representative of Saudi Arabia. S/7898. Message of 21 May 1967 from Secretary- S/7861. Letter of 25 April 1967 from Saudi Arabia General. (also circulated as document of Human Rights Com- A/6702 and Corr.1. Report of Security Council to mission, E/CN.4/944). General Assembly, Chapter 30. S/7881. Note verbale of 11 May 1967 from Yemen CHAPTER XI THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS During 1967, the Secretary-General submitted visit Ankara, Athens and Nicosia as his Personal two reports to the Security Council on the Representative to give whatever assistance he United Nations operation in Cyprus. On the could to reverse the trend towards war between basis of the Secretary-General's recommenda- the antagonists. On 24/25 November, the tions, the Council, noting the consent of the Security Council also met to discuss the situa- Cyprus Government and acting with the tion and approved a consensus which, inter alia, concurrence of the Governments of Greece, called upon all the parties concerned to refrain Turkey and the United Kingdom, on each from any act which might aggravate the situa- occasion (19 June and 22 December) unani- tion in Cyprus. mously decided to extend the stationing of the The Secretary-General circulated to members United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus of the Security Council the texts of his renewed (UNFICYP), for a period of six months in appeals to Governments for further voluntary June 1967, and for a three-month period in contributions for the maintenance of the United December. Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus, as well The Secretary-General also issued 10 special as the letters he had received during the period reports in November and December on the under review from the representatives of Cyprus, fighting between National Guard troops and Greece and Turkey on various developments Turkish Cypriot fighters at Ayios Theodhoros in relation to Cyprus. and Kophmou on 15 November 1967, which Lieutenant-Général I. A. E. Martola con- started as a local affair but quickly turned into tinued to command the United Nations Peace- an international crisis which threatened the keeping Force in Cyprus in 1967. After the peace of the Eastern Mediterranean. The departure from Cyprus on 5 January 1967 of Secretary-General asked José Rolz-Bennett, Un- Carlos A. Bernardes, Pier P. Spinelli, the der-Secretary for Special Political Affairs, to Director-General of the United Nations Office 276 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS at Geneva, acted temporarily as the Special construction of new and provocative fortified Representative of the Secretary-General in positions in various parts of the island. Cyprus until 20 February 1967, when Bibiano F. Although he said he had no official informa- Osorio-Tafall, of Mexico, took up his functions tion on the subject, the Secretary-General as the Secretary-General's Special Representa- indicated that the dialogue between Greece and tive in Cyprus. The Secretary-General an- Turkey on the Cyprus issue had remained in nounced the appointment of Mr. Osorio-Tafall abeyance since December 1966. However, the on 26 January 1967. Security Council's resolution of 4 March 1964 On 5 January, 8 May and 24 August, the (186 (1964))1 had called for a continuing Secretary-General appealed to Governments for search for a solution of the Cyprus problem. voluntary contributions to finance the United It was therefore obvious that the issue could Nations operation in Cyprus during 1967. In not be left indefinitely in suspension. his appeals, the Secretary-General expressed his As he had done before, the Secretary-General view that the method of financing of the Cyprus pointed out that excessive confidence in the operation remained unsatisfactory. Pledges re- presence of the United Nations Force might ceived were not covering all the costs of have reduced the sense of urgency of the UNFICYP and its financial situation was pro- contending parties to find solutions for the gressively deteriorating. As at 24 August, new differences which had originally caused violence pledges totalling approximately $8.8 million to erupt in 1963 and 1964. The Secretary- were needed to enable the United Nations to General hoped that all the interested parties cover in full the cost of maintaining the Force would keep in mind the inexorable fact that until 26 December 1967. the Force would not remain in Cyprus in- definitely. In the circumstances, however, the REPORT OF SECRETARY-GENERAL Secretary-General, saw no alternative but to FOR THE PERIOD recommend to the Council the extension of the 6 DECEMBER 1966—12 JUNE 1967 Force's mandate for a further six-month period In his report to the Security Council on the ending 26 December 1967. United Nations operation in Cyprus for the period 6 December 1966—12 June 1967, the CONSIDERATION BY Secretary-General stated that during that period SECURITY COUNCIL very little progress, if any, had been made in (19 June 1967) achieving a return to normality or in over- The Security Council considered the Secre- coming the stalemate over broader issues regard- tary-General's report at its meeting held on 19 ing Cyprus. June 1967. As on other occasions, the represen- The general situation in Cyprus remained tatives of Cyprus, Greece and Turkey were for the most part one of uneasy quiet. The invited to participate in the discussion without Secretary-General, however, noted with concern the right to vote. the undercurrents of tension in most areas, the The Council had before it a draft resolution existence of more potential trouble spots than sponsored by Argentina, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, ever before and the reluctance shown at certain Japan, Mali and Nigeria by which, among other levels of the National Guard and by some things, the Council would reaffirm its previous Turkish Cypriot local leaders to co-operate with decisions on the Cyprus question and would the Force. Accounts were given of a number of extend once more the stationing in Cyprus of serious local incidents, chiefly in the Larnaca the United Nations Peace-keeping Force, es- district, which had made it necessary for the tablished by the Security Council in its resolu- Force to resort occasionally to vigorous action tion 186 (1964), for a further period of six in carrying out its responsibility to prevent the months ending 26 December 1967, in the ex- recurrence of fighting. The Secretary-General pectation that sufficient progress towards a also mentioned with concern the terrorist acts which had claimed civilian victims, and the 1 See Y.U.N., 1964, p. 165, for text of resolution. THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS 277 solution by men would make possible a with- was a sudden revival of interest and activities drawal or substantial reduction of the Force. on the part of the countries of the North The representative of Cyprus said he ap- Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) con- preciated the positive work UNFICYP had been cerning Cyprus. NATO circles seemed to in- doing in contributing to the maintenance of tensify their pressure and threats with a view peace and to the return to normality in Cyprus. to attempting to use the territory of Cyprus The people of Cyprus indeed desired a return and the military bases there for hostile acts to normality, which meant the restoration of against the Arab States. They seemed to be normal conditions in the daily life of the people. attempting to place Cyprus under their political Constitutional issues, on the other hand, fell and military control and to utilize the country entirely within the province of the mediation as part of the aggressive designs of that military function rather than of UNFICYP. Those bloc. Turkish Cypriot leaders who were asking for a The USSR, he said, did not object to the final political settlement as a prerequisite for draft resolution submitted to the Council which normalization were frustrating the efforts of the recommended a further extension of the man- United Nations. date of the United Nations Force in Cyprus, The representative of Cyprus added that the on condition that it was in accord with the people of Cyprus were determined to preserve wishes of the Cyprus Government and that the the unity of their homeland and would never current functions of UNFICYP and the financ- accept suggestions for partition, federation or ing of its expenses would remain as set forth any other solutions based on colonial divisions. in the provisions of the Security Council resolu- If partitionist aims were abandoned and the tion of 4 March 1964.