DOCSLIB.ORG

The Beginnings of France and Germany

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Beginnings of France and Germany Background • Roman Empire split in two around 280 AD. • Eastern part had Constantinople as capital. ▫ Followed teachings of Arius = Jesus is not God. ▫ Sent missionaries to German tribes of Goths and others. • Western part had Rome as capital. ▫ Standard Christian beliefs Big Fool. Eastern Capital Western Capital Background • German tribes invaded Rome. ▫ Very fierce and brutal. • One German tribe had not been reached by Arius’ teaching. ▫ The Franks. They settled in Gaul, which is modern day France. The Franks • Franks came from lower Rhine Valley • Like other Germanic tribes, moved into Gaul. • Entirely Pagan beliefs ▫ Two Gods: Woden / Thor ▫ Heaven = Valhalla Feasting Fighting Women WodenThor Valhalla Valhalla Wodin / Odin casts out Thor The Franks • Usually tall, blue eyed • Long hair in braids (men) • Ate and drank a lot and loved to party. Lots of drinking and feasting. • They were strong fighters and fearless in battle • Kings chosen to lead small groups and were picked from among the warriors. The Franks • Raided cities of Roman Empire. - Destroyed artwork - Burned churches - Raped and killed • Families and cattle came behind the warriors • Stopped where there was grazing land. • Kept contact with family in Rhine Valley. Customs retained a lot longer. King Clovis • No kingdom existed yet. Just tribes and groups. • Became a kingdom under Clovis. King Clovis ▫ Used military might to unite groups. ▫ Murdered all his family members who might challenge him. ▫ Unified almost all of modern day France. MOM DAD BRO COUSIN & & SIS UNCLE King Clovis • Role of Religion. ▫ Clovis a Pagan, but wife a Roman Christian. ▫ She urged baptism of their son. ▫ Clovis agrees... but soon after, his son dies. ▫ Second son baptised too... and falls very ill a short time later. ▫ Wife (Clotilde) prays for son’s life...and hers... and boy is healed. Great Father-Son Moment King Clovis ▫ Clotilde wants Clovis to be baptised too, but he refuses. Sees no need for a Christian God. ▫ Soon after, he is losing a battle. Promised God he’d be baptised if he won. He does win. Clovis and soldiers baptised as Christians. Begins to unify all groups as military leader and under new religion. Franks will become Church’s main defender. King Clovis Baptised After Clovis - Merovingians • Clovis dies. • Leaves behind a strong kingdom that is united. • Successors known as “Do nothing Kings” ▫ Saw kingdom as a private estate for their own personal gain. ▫ Divided it between sons when they died, each son getting a portion. Pieces get smaller and smaller. ▫ Clan violence to determine boundaries. Not united anymore. Pepin • Kings just want to fight and party. • Had chief official to manage all their affairs. ▫ Called the Mayor I’m the man ▫ Could distribute land as needed. with the real power now. ▫ Good ones managed larger areas and got more responsibility. ▫ Pepin managed eastern lands and got control of western too. ▫ Unified Gaul under his control. Kings losing real power. (too drunk to notice?) MAYOR Charles Martel • Pepin’s son, Charles Martel, comes to power after Pepin dies. • Known as “The Hammer” • Smart warrior. Invented the stirrup. ▫ Allowed for heavily armed, mounted Calvary. ▫ Didn’t fall off horse from weight or impact. ▫ Makes a huge difference in battle. Beginning of technological superiority Charles Martel • Arabs are advancing into Europe. Islam is spreading. • Martel stops Arabs at Battle of Tours in 732. ▫ Major victory that halts Islamic spread for over 200 years. Saves Christianity. • Martel creates a military upper class or aristocracy. Members = Nobles • Encourages missionaries to convert conquered peoples. Charles Martel • The missionaries and nobles help strengthen kingdom and support the king. • Power and religion spreads into Rhine area where they came from. Pepin the Short • The son of Charles Martel continues work of his father. • Support of nobles and church allows him to make a big change. ▫ In 751 AD the nobles declare that the last Merovingian king – the feeble Childeric III – was not a real king. ▫ Claimed their king was Pepin the Short. Not actually Pepin the Short Pepin the Short ▫ Pepin still needed the church’s Good thing they make kid-sized support to be legitimate. royal robes. ▫ Sends a delegation to the Pope. Says “one with the power might as well be the king, right?” ▫ Pope is being threatened by the Lombards, a group moving into Italy. Needs help. ▫ Goes to Pepin’s court. Crowns him king in 754. 100% legit Pepin the Short Pepin the Short • This creates a tie between Frankish kings and the Church. • Pepin runs two campaigns against Lombards in Italy ▫ Wins both times. Pepin the Short ▫ Gets considerable support from Rome and its surrounding area. ▫ Gives lands taken from Lombards to the Church. These become the Papal States. Elsewhere in the World • Pepin gives to successors a strong kingdom, built on the strength of proud warriors, and with ties to a proud Roman past. • But... He’s not the only power in the world. • There are competing kingdoms in Italy, Spain, and England. Visigoths • Captured huge territory in Gaul and Iberia initially, but couldn’t hold it. • Clovis defeated them in 507 and drove them into Spain. • They united under King Leovigild and held most of Iberian peninsula. • Leovigild realized he needed friendship with Roman bishops. Visigoth Shield Visigoths • Christian culture and religion allowed to grow. • Visigoths were Arian Christians until Leovigild’s son, Reccared, converted to Roman Christianity. • Most bishops also switched. • Close ties of church and state very important for Spain in future. See? We can all get along. Visigoths • Bishop of Toledo anointed Visigoth kings similar to a priest’s ordination. • Attacks on a king = an attack on Christ. • Visigoths could not face the Muslim invasion in 711 ▫ All Muslims had to do to subdue the country was kill the king. They did. Remember... Kill the guy with the shiny, pointy hat. Lombards • Italy weakened already from constant invasions. • Lombards come in and take control of many areas. • Know nothing of Christianity or Roman civilization. Don’t care. Lombards • Pope bribes them to leave Rome itself alone. • Pepin eventually defeats them twice and drives them into Northern Italy. Ostrogoths • Visigoths leave Italy for southern Gaul. • Ostrogoths move in. • Led by King Theodoric. ▫ Was a pagan, but had support of the Church because he was tolerant of Christianity. ▫ Provided more than 30 years of peace. ▫ Hired Roman Christians to work in his government. Ostrogoths • Didn’t try to combine Gothic and Roman cultures. • Followed example of Roman rulers himself • Code of law similar to that of Byzantium. • All officials Roman instead of Goths, since they were better organized and easier to trust. Needed his favour. Ostrogoths • Theodoric was very generous. ▫ Returned two-thirds of taxes to the people. ▫ Taxed both Goths and Romans to keep $$ high ▫ Rebuilt destroyed cities. Ostrogoths • Toward end of reign Theodoric’s Tomb the Romans were trying to put down Arian ideas. Made him suspicious of Romans in his govt. • When he died = bloody wars for control. Anglo-Saxon England • Invasions into England in 300-500 divided country into 20+ small kingdoms. • Invaders didn’t find Christians or know anything about Christ, not for a while. • Kept structure of chieftains and warrior bands. • Strong emphasis on personal valour and tales told through generations. Anglo-Saxon England ▫ Beowulf was written here and is the first text written in English that we have. • The separate areas eventually turned into seven fairly stable kingdoms. • In 600-700 the Northumbrians controlled most of England. • Lost control in late 800s. Charlemagne • Charles the Great (Charlemagne) was son of Pepin the Short. • Was incredibly energetic and accomplished many great things. • Was tall and handsome, with bright blue eyes and a flowing beard. • Very tough. Worked both fields and battlefield as a young man. Charlemagne • Excellent hunter • Rode horses very well / Expert swimmer • When he became king, he usually wore leggings, short jacket, and long cloak of a soldier. ▫ Didn’t like fancy clothes, and only wore them when he had to. Charlemagne • Loved good food and drink, but not to excess. • Loved women too. Had roughly 10 wives and concubines. 20 Children. Charlemagne • Fought many wars. ▫ Wanted two main things: ▫ 1. Bring all German tribes into one Christian empire ▫ 2. Protect Frankish lands and borders. Charlemagne • Where conquest and conversion wasn’t possible, he’d weaken enemies so they couldn’t invade him. • At Pope’s request, he went into Italy 4 times against the Lombards and factions opposed to the Pope. ▫ Pope had a powerful army at his beck and call. Charlemagne • He crushed the Bavarians and Saxons after 33 years of warfare. • Saxons didn’t want to convert. ▫ Charlemagne = “Convert or die.” Killed many. ▫ Nobles urged him to use time, preaching and patience to make Christians, but he was a bit too impatient. Charlemagne • On his 4th visit to Italy in 800 AD, he was praying before Saint Peter’s alter on Christmas night. • The Pope comes behind him and.....? what do you think he did? Charlemagne • The Pope comes behind him and.....places a crown on his head, calling him “Emperor of the Romans” • Very symbolic. Strong tie between Frankish kings and Church. ▫ Also shows that the Pope decides who really holds the power in the land. ▫ ... for now. Charlemagne • Charles was seen as the ideal king. Strong, humble, follower of God. ▫ Became seen as the new “David.” – God’s servant. ▫ The new “Augustus” – greatest pagan emperor. ▫ The new “Constantine” – champion of the church. Charlemagne ▫ Stories and propaganda written about him. Song of Roland Charlemagne ▫ Stories and propaganda written about him. Song of Roland Charlemagne’s Government • Charlemagne head of the government. Ruled with help from officials. • Chaplain = head of clergy – advised the king on matters of religion and conscience.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • History 7: Medieval Europe March 23-27 Student Name
    History 7: Medieval Europe March 23-27 Time Allotment: 30 minutes per day Student Name: __________________________ Teacher Name: __________________________ History 7: Medieval Europe March 23-27 Packet Overview Date Objective(s) Page Number Monday, March 23 1. Describe how the people of Britain became Christian. 2 Tuesday, March 24 1. Describe the necessary qualities and duties of the 11 pastor as outlined in Gregory the Great’s Pastoral Rule. Wednesday, March 25 1. Tell the main achievements of Clovis and why they 15 were important for the development of Europe. 2. Compare and contrast the conversion of Clovis to that of Ethelbert. Thursday, March 26 1. Evaluate the ways in which Charles Martel protected 20 his people from outside threats. Friday, March 27 1. Explain why/how the Merovingian line of kings came 24 to an end and was replaced by the Carolingian line of Kings beginning with Pepin the Short. 2. Quiz: Using what you’ve learned from Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday’s lessons, explain how the Frankish kingdom came to be a powerful force on the European stage. Academic Honesty I certify that I completed this assignment I certify that my student completed this independently in accordance with the GHNO assignment independently in accordance with Academy Honor Code. the GHNO Academy Honor Code. Student signature: Parent signature: ___________________________ ___________________________ 1 History 7: Medieval Europe March 23-27 Monday, March 23 History Unit: The expansion and development of the Early Medieval Christian Church (400-700) Lesson 5: Gregory and Augustine’s Mission to England Lesson 1 Socratic Question: Keep these questions in mind as you study this lesson! What makes a new religion attractive to a people group? What are the opportunities or dangers of a political leader changing his religion? What are the advantages and disadvantages of religious toleration? Objective: Be able to do this by the end of this lesson.
    [Show full text]
  • 1Ba704, a NINETEENTH CENTURY SHIPWRECK SITE in the MOBILE RIVER BALDWIN and MOBILE COUNTIES, ALABAMA
    ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF 1Ba704, A NINETEENTH CENTURY SHIPWRECK SITE IN THE MOBILE RIVER BALDWIN AND MOBILE COUNTIES, ALABAMA FINAL REPORT PREPARED FOR THE ALABAMA HISTORICAL COMMISSION, THE PEOPLE OF AFRICATOWN, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY AND THE SLAVE WRECKS PROJECT PREPARED BY SEARCH INC. MAY 2019 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF 1Ba704, A NINETEENTH CENTURY SHIPWRECK SITE IN THE MOBILE RIVER BALDWIN AND MOBILE COUNTIES, ALABAMA FINAL REPORT PREPARED FOR THE ALABAMA HISTORICAL COMMISSION 468 SOUTH PERRY STREET PO BOX 300900 MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA 36130 PREPARED BY ______________________________ JAMES P. DELGADO, PHD, RPA SEARCH PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR WITH CONTRIBUTIONS BY DEBORAH E. MARX, MA, RPA KYLE LENT, MA, RPA JOSEPH GRINNAN, MA, RPA ALEXANDER J. DECARO, MA, RPA SEARCH INC. WWW.SEARCHINC.COM MAY 2019 SEARCH May 2019 Archaeological Investigations of 1Ba704, A Nineteenth-Century Shipwreck Site in the Mobile River Final Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Between December 12 and 15, 2018, and on January 28, 2019, a SEARCH Inc. (SEARCH) team of archaeologists composed of Joseph Grinnan, MA, Kyle Lent, MA, Deborah Marx, MA, Alexander DeCaro, MA, and Raymond Tubby, MA, and directed by James P. Delgado, PhD, examined and documented 1Ba704, a submerged cultural resource in a section of the Mobile River, in Baldwin County, Alabama. The team conducted current investigation at the request of and under the supervision of Alabama Historical Commission (AHC); Alabama State Archaeologist, Stacye Hathorn of AHC monitored the project. This work builds upon two earlier field projects. The first, in March 2018, assessed the Twelvemile Wreck Site (1Ba694), and the second, in July 2018, was a comprehensive remote-sensing survey and subsequent diver investigations of the east channel of a portion the Mobile River (Delgado et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity
    The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Wilkinson, Ryan Hayes. 2015. The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467211 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity A dissertation presented by Ryan Hayes Wilkinson to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2015 © 2015 Ryan Hayes Wilkinson All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Michael McCormick Ryan Hayes Wilkinson The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity Abstract In the fifth and sixth centuries CE, the Roman Empire fragmented, along with its network of political, cultural, and socio-economic connections. How did that network’s collapse reshape the social and mental horizons of communities in one part of the Roman world, now eastern France? Did new political frontiers between barbarian kingdoms redirect those communities’ external connections, and if so, how? To address these questions, this dissertation focuses on the cities of two Gallo-Roman tribal groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson 18 - the Situation in the West After the Fall of Rome
    Church History Lesson 18 - The Situation in the West After the Fall of Rome 1. Introduction - A Crumbling Empire 1.1. In the last session we looked at a number of Christological controversies which embroiled the church, and consequently the Empire, up until the council of Chalcedon in 451. 1.2. As we saw, these controversies involved both the East and the West, but there were of far greater concern in the East than in the West, and the majority of bishops attending the various councils were overwhelmingly from the East. 1.3. Although there were a number of reasons for this, one of the major reasons was the rapidly changing situation in the West. After Rome was sacked for the first time in 410 AD, it sent shockwaves through the whole empire, but especially in the West. Although the Eastern part of the Empire continued in one form or another for over 1,000 years more, the situation in the West was far different. 1.4. Today we will take a brief look at what happened in the West after the first sacking of Rome in 410, and see how this affected life and the church in the West for the next 300 years or so. 2. The Barbarian Invasions 2.1. The events that most affected life and the church in the West were a series of invasions by “barbarian” tribes. 2.2. Obviously the first major invasion was when Alaric and his band of Visigoths, who invaded Italy and sacked Rome in 410. It was the shockwaves from this event that caused Augustine to write his opus City of God.
    [Show full text]
  • The American Line
    The American Line “The Quickening of the West” by Christopher L. Lingle The American Line ‘en Simultaneum’ “The Quickening of the West” researched and written by Christopher L. Lingle (Futurist) Copyright by - Yahu Yahweh’s Covenant Offer - YAHUYAHWEH.co TimelineoftheGods.com Submitted to my fellow Americans and to the faculty of my peers Qadesh La Yahweh - Ambassador College and Alumni (Worldwide) Migration Chart from Tracing Our Ancestors by Fred Haberman: The American Line has emerged from the admixture of Europeans that have traversed across time for thousands of years; co-mingling bloodlines over centuries within each period of crossing. Not since the time of the Norse (proto-Germanic) People crossing together with the Jewish population of Rome in Britain has a union resulted in such a perfect th st admixture, UNTIL the emergence of North America (17 -21 centuries). The migration of Israel and Rome into N.W. Europe is a well-documented fact of History. Together, we have structured a world of commerce over centuries. Once again, we are One People, stronger than ever, descended of Royal Race - The American Line. ~~~~ The Greatest Awakening in History will be experienced over the coming Quarter Century. After which time, a fixed and developed geo-politics will have a lasting affect for centuries to come… This Work is part of the larger discussion that currently rages within the Interdisciplinary Sciences and the drivers that influence the very edifice of Religion and Politics… The knowledge of our illustrious heritage is stirring a sudden and rapid awakening. Knowledge is our best aid in survival.
    [Show full text]
  • “If Music Be the Food of Love, Play On
    A Saintly and Victorious Symbol Did you ever hear the story about Clovis and his wife, Clotilde? Well, it seems that Clotilde was upset that her husband was getting into fights all the time. So she prayed a long time that he would find religion. When her prayers were answered and Clovis was baptized, she suggested that he change his family crest by substituting irises for three crapauds, or toads. Frankish King Clovis with wife Clotilde, painting by Antoine-Jean Gros No, this isn’t the usual Boudreaux and Thibodeaux joke that everyone has come to love. It is merely the beginning of a long series of origin stories for the fleur-de-lis, the enduring symbol of Bourbon France, Louisiana, the City of New Orleans and its beloved “Saints” football team (to name but a few). Actually the war-like King of the Salian Franks, Clovis (circa 466 - November 27, 511 A.D.), was married to the sainted Clotilde (who long prayed for his conversion). One origin tale has Clovis leading his army into battle, and (being in imminent danger of defeat) he presented himself to his Burgundian wife’s God and emerged victorious. According to Gregory of Tours, it was this victory at Tolbiac (circa 496) that led to Clovis’ baptism at Rheims by Saint Remigius, after which he had each of the three toads on his shield’s coat-of-arms replaced by the stylized lily (in French, fleur means flower and lis means lily), or iris. Before there were three petals on each lily, there were three toads.
    [Show full text]
  • The Garnet Carbuncle in Early Medieval Europe
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works School of Arts & Sciences Theses Hunter College Spring 5-15-2020 Sacred Blood and Burning Coal: The Garnet Carbuncle in Early Medieval Europe Sinead L. Murphy CUNY Hunter College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_sas_etds/591 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Sacred Blood and Burning Coal: The Garnet Carbuncle in Early Medieval Europe by Sinead Murphy Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Art History, Hunter College The City University of New York Spring 2020 May 15th, 2020 Cynthia Hahn Date Thesis Sponsor May 15th, 2020 Maria Loh Date Second Reader i Table of Contents List of Illustrations ii Introduction: Garnets in the Merovingian Period…………………………………………………1 Chapter 1: Garnet in Classical and Early Medieval Texts……………………………………….11 I. Carbuncle and Anthrax in Classical and Early Medieval Lapidaries II. Carbuncle in Scripture and Christian Lapidaries III. Pagan Influence on the Christian Symbolism of Garnets Chapter 2: Garnets in Everyday Life…………………………………………………………….34 I. Garnet Jewelry in Frankish Costume II. Garnet Ecclesiastical Objects Chapter 3: The Role of Garnets in Christian Funerary Ritual…………………………………...49 I. Prayers for the Dead II. Grave Goods and Dressed Burials III. Metaphorical Representations of Carbuncle Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….59 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………..60 Illustrations………………………………………………………………………………………64 i List of Illustrations Fig. 1: Pair of quatrefoil mounts, Early Byzantine, 2nd half of 5th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Innovation - Technology & Intellectual Property Hardware • Software • Telecoms • Internet • Media • Ip • Life Sciences
    2017 EDITION INNOVATION - TECHNOLOGY & INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HARDWARE • SOFTWARE • TELECOMS • INTERNET • MEDIA • IP • LIFE SCIENCES Alexander Ramsay Unified Patent Court (UPC) P. 31 Joseph Ferretti INTA & PepsiCo P. 32 Donald Rosenberg Qualcomm P. 37 Thibaud Simphal Uber P. 39 Osvaldo Bruno Cavalcante Caxia P. 54 Jean-Michel Malbrancq GE Healthcare Europe P. 52 Francisco Marín Eureka P. 57 Melissa Yang Tujia P. 47 Karl Iagnemma Nutonomy RANKINGS P. 48 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AMERICAS P.61 EXTERNAL CONTRIBUTORS FROM THE WILD WEST EUROPE P.140 EXPERT VIEWS P.248 ASIA P.231 TO WESTWORLD P.10 Shigeru Miyamoto Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, DIRECTORY Nintendo LEADERS Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, USA, FINANCIAL ADVISORS P.265 THE 50 PEOPLE OF THE YEAR Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, STRATEGY & MANAGEMENT ADVISORS P.267 P. 38 IN IP & IT P.28 Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, PATENT & TRADEMARK ATTORNEYS P.269 Switzerland, Turkey, UK, China, India, Japan LAW FIRMS P.284 JANUARY 25TH, 2018 PARIS - FRANCE Meet, learn & celebrate the best IP & IT professionals, with unique, international awards ceremony, one to one meetings and conferences. 500 HIGH LEVEL ATTENDEES INCLUDING IP DIRECTORS, GENERAL COUNSEL, IP ADVISORS (LAWYERS AND AGENTS) IN-HOUSE AND IT IN-HOUSE LAWYERS EXPECTED SPEAKERS FOR 2018 METTE ANDERSEN, HEAD OF IP, LEGO JEAN-MARC BRUNEL, IP DIRECTOR, SNECMA GROUPE SAFRAN PHILIPPE CASSAGNE, VP IP & LICENSING, GEMALTO DELPHINE DE CHALVRON, GENERAL COUNSEL IP, L’OREAL CHARLOTTA LJUNGDAHL, GROUP IP DIRECTOR, AIR LIQUIDE PHILIPPE LUCET, VP GENERAL COUNSEL R&D AND IP, NESTLE CONTACTS US www.innovation-ip-forum.com INFORMATION & REGISTRATION Justine Testard [email protected] +33 1 45 02 25 88 EDITO JANDIRA SALGADO JEANNE YIZHEN YIN EXECUTIVE EDITOR MANAGING EDITOR & CO-HEAD OF AMERICAS THE FUTURE IS NOW “We are called to be the architects of the future, not its victims.” - Robert Buckminster Fuller A new era that isn’t really new at all New York, May 3rd 1997.
    [Show full text]
  • Biographies MA.B1-Ttlpgs
    MA.b1-ttlpgs. qxp 4/19/04 1:53 PM Page 1 Biographies MA.b1-ttlpgs. qxp 4/19/04 1:53 PM Page 3 Biographies Volume 1: A-I JUDSON KNIGHT Edited by Judy Galens Judson Knight Judy Galens, Editor Staff Diane Sawinski, U•X•L Senior Editor Carol DeKane Nagel, U•X•L Managing Editor Thomas L. Romig, U•X•L Publisher Margaret Chamberlain, Permissions Associate (Pictures) Maria Franklin, Permissions Manager Randy Bassett, Imaging Database Supervisor Daniel Newell, Imaging Specialist Pamela A. Reed, Image Coordinator Robyn V. Young, Senior Image Editor Rita Wimberley, Senior Buyer Evi Seoud, Assistant Production Manager Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager Pamela A. E. Galbreath, Senior Art Director Kenn Zorn, Product Design Manager Marco Di Vita, the Graphix Group, Typesetting Middle Ages: Biographies Cover photograph of T’ai Tsung reproduced by permission of the Granger Collection, New York. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Knight, Judson. Middle ages. Biographies / Judson Knight ; Judy Galens, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7876-4857-4 (set) — ISBN 0-7876-4858-2 (vol. 1) — ISBN 0-7876-4859-0 (vol. 2 : hardcover) 1. Biography—Middle Ages, 500-1500. 2. Civilization, Medieval. 3. World history. I. Galens, Judy, 1968- II. Title. CT114 .K65 2000 920’.009’02—dc21 00–064864 This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The author and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the follow- ing: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information.
    [Show full text]
  • The Frankish Empire the Germanic Tribe Known As the Franks
    The Frankish Empire The Germanic tribe known as the Franks established and ruled the Frankish Empire, in the ancient territory of Gaul (largely encompassing modern-day France and parts of modern-day Germany), from the fifth through the tenth century. Over the course of the empire’s history two familial dynasties, the Merovingian dynasty and the Carolingian dynasty, reigned over these territories. The Merovingian dynasty, under its founder King Clovis I, was responsible for uniting all of the Frankish kingdoms under one Crown. Clovis and the Merovingian dynasty expanded the presence and influence of the Franks throughout parts of Western and Central Europe. The power of the Merovingian dynasty waned by the end of the seventh century, and Pepin the Short, a member of the Carolingian family, became king in the middle of the eighth century. His ascendency to the throne launched the beginning of the Carolingian Empire. The Carolingian Empire ruled the Frankish realm until the end of the tenth century. It was one of the most powerful empires in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. The modern state of France would evolve from the Frankish Empire and medieval Francia. The Franks and the Origins of the Frankish Empire The Franks were originally a Germanic tribe that invaded portions of Roman territory from the third to the fifth century. The Salian Franks emerged as a subgroup of the early Franks and were known for being particularly militaristic. They would also go on to spread Christianity throughout Western Europe. King Clovis (ca. 466–511) was the first Frankish king and was responsible for uniting the disparate Frankish tribes into one kingdom, called Francia.
    [Show full text]
  • Seemingly Unrelated Threads from Abraham to European Royalty
    Seemingly Unrelated Threads 1 The Larger Picture: The Intertwining of Seemingly Unre- lated Threads Back to Abraham When investigating ancient lineages and some lineages from the early Middle Ages, genealogists sometimes come across a line that someone has traced back to Abraham. All such lines are somewhat conjectural, and are based on various genealo- gies that have been taken from Biblical material or other ancient texts. While there are a number of “experts” who claim that these lines are purely mythical (and therefore unsatisfactory), I think we’ll find at some point that the lines are more accurate than previously thought. What is surprising is the number of different threads that exist from Abraham into Western Europe and the different paths they take. Several different threads are inter- twined in the Merovingian families of Francia. Two pass from Egypt through Ireland into either Wales or Scotland. A third line comes directly from the Exilarchs (the leaders of the Jewish community in exile after the Diaspora) in Babylon. This thread goes di- rectly into what is now southern France, where descendants married into the noble families of the region. In addition, I’ve shown lines (with two variants) from Abraham’s Islamic descendants that passes through Spain and into the nobility there and thence into the nobility of Europe. For the sake of (relative) brevity I have only listed a few lineages down to rela- tively) recognizable historic figures. Many combinations and permutations are possible. Some of the material presented here is based on Roderick Stuart’s book Royalty for Commoners.
    [Show full text]
  • BRUNEHAUT Epouse De Sigebert
    - Flammarion - Brunehaut - 152 x 240 - 13/1/2014 - 14 : 4 - page 3 Histoire des Reines de France BRUNEHAUT Épouse de Sigebert Ier - Flammarion - Brunehaut - 152 x 240 - 13/1/2014 - 14 : 4 - page 4 DU MÊME AUTEUR Les grandes heures de la Chouannerie, Librairie Académique Perrin, 1993. Bernadette Soubirous, Librairie Académique Perrin, 1994. Presses Pocket, 1995. Tempus, 2008. Traduit en italien. Clovis et le baptême de la France, Clovis, 1995. Madame de Sévigné, Librairie Académique Perrin, 1996. Prix Gabrielle d’Estrées, 1997. Saint Martin, l’apôtre des Gaules, Clovis, 1996. Les Navires de Pierre. La route d’Avallon, tome 1. Roman pour adolescents, Clovis, 1996. Enquête sur les Anges, Librairie Académique Perrin, 1997. Traduit en allemand et en portugais. Le Fléau de Dieu. La route d’Avallon, tome 2, Clovis. 1997. Mémoires de Ponce Pilate, Plon, 1998. Prix de l’Académie de Bre- tagne, 1999. Traduit en allemand, portugais, espagnol, grec, russe, lituanien. Presses Pocket, 2000. Saint Ambroise, Clovis, 1999. Histoire générale de la Chouannerie, Librairie Académique Perrin, 2000. Grand prix catholique de littérature, 2001. Brutus, Librairie Académique Perrin, 2001. Traduit en russe. La geste chouanne de Monsieur de La Varende, Association Présence de La Varende, 2001. La vie cachée de Catherine Labouré, Librairie Académique Perrin, 2001. Traduit en italien. Les Gladiateurs, Librairie Académique Perrin, 2002. Traduit en estonien. Saint Jérôme, Clovis, 2002. Prix Renaissance, 2003. Les Chrétiens dans l’empire romain, Librairie Académique Perrin, 2003. Saint Grégoire le Grand, Clovis, 2004. Jérôme Lejeune, Presses de la Renaissance, 2004. Charrette, Librairie Académique Perrin, 2005. Clotilde, Pygmalion, 2006. Le carrefour de la Belle Étoile, Antée, 2006.
    [Show full text]