Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future (March 26, 2015)

UGC Sponsored National Seminar On Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future (March 26, 2015)

Department of Zoology Vidyasagar University Midnapore (West) – 721102 West Bengal

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(March 26, 2015)

BOOK OFABSTRACTS

Organized by

Department of Zoology Vidyasagar University Midnapore (West) - 721102 West Bengal

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Published by Department of Zoology Vidyasagar University Midnapore (West) - 721102

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Patron Prof. Ranjan Chakrabarti Hon’ble Vice Chancellor, Vidyasagar University

President Prof. Jayanta Kumar Kundu Head Department of Zoology

Vice President Prof. S. K. Chakraborty Prof. B. C. Patra

Organizing Secretary Prof. Subrata Kumar De Dr. Sagar Acharya

Treasurer Mr. B. Mandal Ms. P. Halder

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015

Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Department of Zoology: At a Glance

The Department of Zoology was established in the year 1990. Since then it has developed its infrastructure and academic aspect in the aid of the local distant students. Several research projects have been undertaken by the faculties of the department for the benefit of not only students, research scholars but rural people as well.

Present Faculty Strength is: Professor – 4; Associate Professor – 1(Vacant); Assistant Professor – 3 Number of Nonteaching staff: 4

Presently Total area of Zoology department: More than 5000 sq.fts. (Approx.), with Two- Lecture halls having learning aids, Two- General Laboratories, One central instrumentation facility, Three- Special paper laboratories, One- Computer laboratory with networking facility, One- Departmental Library, One Biodiversity Museum, one continuous flow aquarium house, Field Demonstration site forAquaculture, Vermitechnology and Sericulture.

Syllabus has been revised twice during last five years tenure (2010 and 2013) in order to make a blend between classical and modern aspects of Zoology. Semester mode of teaching includes: Class teaching, Laboratory Work, Project work, Field Study and InternalAssessment. Department is running with three special papers: Fishery, Ecology and Genetics & Molecular Biology.

Student intake capacity: 47 per semester To enrich the academic programs a number of eminent faculties and leading scientists from different Universities and Research Institutes are involved as visiting Professor.

Research Activities of last five years Research Projects completed: 6 Ongoing Research Projects: 4 Total Research Project’s Grants during last 5 years : 1.65 crores Sponsoring Agencies: UGC, DST, DBT, WBPCB, PHED Consultancy Projects : 4 (12,75,000/-) Ph.D. Awarded : 26 Ph.D. Registered : 36 70 Research Papers have been published in peer reviewed journals inlast5 years

Instruments available in the department Thermal cycler (PCR), Applied Biosystem Spectrophotometer, Shimadzu Gel Doc with attached computer, BioRad Trinocular Microscope, Carl Zeiss Trinocular Bright Field Microscope, Carl Zeiss Water Quality Analyzer Cold room (-4°C) -20°C Freezer Gel Electrophoresis Apparatus , BioRad & Cleaver Scientific Water Distillation plant , Borosil BOD Incubators 37°C Shaker Incubator

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015

Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Collaborative approach of the Department Since the Inception, the Department has developed a strong collaborative research efforts with CMFRI –Cochin and CARI-PortBlair on Sundarban Mangrove Ecosystem Sponsored by ICAR, NATP. Another International collaborative research projects with Centre for Woman Developmental Studies, New Delhi on “Woman Empowerment and Rural Biotechnology” funded by UNIFEM (UNDP) was completed.

Presently during the last 5 years, the department has produced a number of Ph.D, Consultancy Projects and Research papers in collaboration with several National Institutes and Universities. Some of themarelistedbelow: Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , Kolkata Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal CIFE, Mumbai University of Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases (NICED, ICMR), Kolkata Dept. of Zoology, Burdwan University Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani

Outreach Activities Academic and research services in the form of organizing workshops /Field Studies to disseminate the standardized Rural Biotechnological Tools like: Vermitechnology Sericulture Aquaculture Research projects involving the marginalized local people of ‘Jangalmahal’, for the fruitful execution, implementation and dissemination of knowledge an d technology to grass root levels of the society..

Reference: http://vidyasagar.ac.in/departments/Zoology/

Prof. Jayanta Kumar Kundu Head, Department of Zoology Vidyasagar University

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015

Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 From the Desk of Organizing Secretary

The subjectZoology refers to ‘Science of Animal’ which covers a broad knowledge ranging from Taxonomy to modern Molecular Biology. Aristotle (384 - 322 BC) is regarded as the ‘Father of Zoology’. This subject includes variety of organisms in different phylogenetic frameworks. Many concepts have been developed in due course of zoological research in order to describe the homology, analogy and homoplasy that help understanding the basic differences and similarities among organisms in changing environment. The detail knowledge on forms, functions, lifestyles and adaptatability in the evolution parade provide an oppurtunity to constract phylogenetic relationships among the organisms. Modern technologies are also permitting the researchers to develop new ideas on the role of living creatures along with their challenging habitats. Therefore, the application of advanced technologies have profoundly contributed for overall in Zoological Research for improvement of the quality of human life as well as conservation along with the restoration of biodiversity on the earth.

Prof. Subrata KumarDe Dr.S.Acharya Organizing Secretary

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015

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Venue: R. K. Hall, Vidyasagar University Date: March 26, 2015

9:30 hrs. : Registration 10:30hrs. : Inaugural Session Chief Guest: Prof. T. Das Purakayasta Dean, Faculty of Arts & Commerce, Vidyasagar University Chariman: Prof. B. C. Patra Dean, Faculty of Science, Vidyasagar University

10:35 hrs. : Welcome Address by Prof. J. K. Kundu

10:40hrs. : Inauguration Dr. A. K. Sanyal, Chairman, West Bengal Biodiversity Board, Govt. of West Bengal Release of ‘BOOKOFABSTRACT’ by Dr.J.K.Nandi, Registrar (Acting), Vidyasagar University 10:50hrs. : Address by Guest of Honour Prof. S. G. Pal, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta Prof. Sekhar Chakrabarti, Former Director, NICED

11:00hrs : Keynote lecture Speaker: Prof. D. Ray Chaudhuri, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta

11:25 hrs. : Vote of Thanks by Prof. S. K. Chakraborty

11:30 hrs : Tea

11:45hrs. : Technical Session I Chairman: Prof. S. G. Pal and Prof. S. K. Chakraborty Reportier : Mr. B. Mandal Lead Speaker: Prof. B. C. Patra Oral Presentations 13:00 hrs. to 14:00hrs. : Lunch

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015

Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 14:00 hrs. : Invited Lecture Chairman: Prof. P. C. Dhara Speaker: Prof. Sekhar Chakrabarti, Former Director, NICED, Kolkata

14:30hrs. : Technical Session II Chairman: Prof. Sekhar Chakrabarti and Prof. J. K. Kundu Reportier: Dr. S. Acharya Lead Speaker: Prof. S. Roy

14:45hrs. : Tea 15:00 hrs. : Oral Presentations

16:30 hrs. : Valedictory Speech by Prof. S. G. Pal

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015

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Page No.

Keynote Lecture: Prof. D. Ray Chaudhuri 01

Technical Session I Invited Lecture: Germplasm resource mapping and conservation of freshwater fishes of Bankura and Purulia districts of West Bengal through geoinformation - B. 02 C. Patra, C. Roy and K. K. Vass

Oral Presentation: 1. Zooplankton as Bioindicator- a Case Study from Freshwater Lentic 03 Wetlands of Midnapore District (East and West), West Bengal, India - P. Halder Mallick, S. Banerjee and S. K. Chakraborty

2. Fine structural modifications in olfactory neuroepithelium of 04 Pseudapocryptes lanceolatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801): An air- breathing mudskipper of South EastAsia - S. K. Sarkar and S. K. De

3. Small indigenous freshwater fish faunal diversity of Midnapore and it’s 05 surroundings. -B. Paul , A. Chanda and J. K. Kundu

4. Study of present condition & future progress of a rare species- 06 “Chameleon” in Paschim Medinipur,West Bengal, India - T. S. Jana

5. Avi-faunal diversity in some medieval Bengali literatures. - M. Bandyopadhyay, J. Chakraborti and D. Bhattacharya 07

6. Diversity of marine and estuarine Puffer fishes of Coastal belt of West Bengal, India. -R. P.Nath and J. K. Kundu 08

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015

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Invited Lecture: Topic: Molecular Characterization of circulating HIV-1 Strains in Eastern and 09 North-eastern parts of India. - S. Chakrabarti

Invited Lecture: Topic: Emergence of Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Eastern India: Major threat toward malaria control - S. Roy 10

Oral Presentations: 1. Efficacy of SQDG, a glycolipid isolated from Azadirachta indica, against a model flatworm -P.K. Kar , S. Murmu, Y.Bharitkar,A.Ash, D. Roy, S. K. Roy, 11 S. Mandal, N.B. Mondal

2. Hepato-protective effect of Lycopodium on Cadmium induced toxicity in 12 mice.- M. Chatterjee and J. K. Kundu

3.Antioxidants delay the rate of cellular aging. - S. S. Mandal, B. Mandal and J. 13 K. Kundu

4. Immature cells of myeloid origin accumulates in the microenvironment during initial stage of tumor establishment. -J. Saha and S. Bhattacharyya 14

5. Global Climate Changes and Vector borne Diseases: A review note. - B. 15 Mandal, J. K. Kundu and G.Chandra

6. Anatomy and microscopical studies on olfactory apparatus of a spiny eel 16 Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepéde, 1800): A potamodromous fish of South EastAsia. -S. Jana , M.Aich, S. K. Sarkar and S. K. De

7.Alcohol dependency of Lodha Tribe at Jhargram. -R. De and J. K. Kundu 17

8. Isolation and molecular characterization of bacteria from diseased Carps 18 through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis in West Bengal. - A. Das, B.K. Behera, S.Acharya, P.Paria,A.K. Sahoo andA. P.Sharma

9. Ecological factors and its role on maturation and spawning of fish during 19 bundh breeding. -P.P.Ghorai , N. R. Chattopadhyay, S. K. De

10. Effect of Chlorpyrifos on folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in Banded gourami Trichogaster fasciata.- R. Guchhait,A. Roy,A. Koley, D. Das, and K. 20 Pramanick

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015

Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Keynote Lecture by Prof. D. Ray Chaudhuri Department of Zoology University of Calcutta

Major Research Contribution in Zoology

Correlation of nutritional changes with the reproductive potential ofAphis gossypii Gl.on egg plant. 1987. Proc. Ind.Acad. Sci. (Anim. Sci.) 96 (3) : 239-244.

Importance of karyology in aphid taxonomy. 1987. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. (Anim. Sci.) 96 (5): 461-467.

Aphidiids of Northeast India. 1990. Indira Publishing House. Michigan, USApp.155. Aphidiids in aphid control : in Emerging trends biological control of phytophagous insects. Publ. Oxford &IBH, New Delhi, 49-54.

Long horned beetles ( Prioninae, : Cerambycidae ) of Buxa Tiger Reserve. 2000. J.Bomb. nat. Hist. Soc. 96(1):98-105.

Lamiids of Laos: A translated version of " Lamiines du Laos" by J.A.Rondon& S.V. Breuning ( from French) Publ. Proc. zool. Soc, Calcutta, 2002, pp.238.

Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for West Bengal.2002 Dept of Environment, GOWB,pp 182+I-XIX+Annexures+Appendix.

On the taxonomy of woolly orb-weaving (Uloboridae) and two tailed spiders (Hersilidae). In Perspectives on Biosystematics and Biodiversity.2004.T.C.N. Com. Vol.381-405.

Insects attacking shade trees of Tea Plantations of Dooars.2008. Publ. Nat. Tea Res.Foundation, C/oTea Board, pp.60

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015 1 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Technical Session I

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Germplasm resource mapping and conservation of freshwater fishes of Bankura and Purulia districts of West Bengal through geoinformation B. C. Patra1* , C. Roy1 and K. K. Vass2

1Aquaculture Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University Midnapore – 721102, West Bengal

2Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Indian Council of agricultural Research, Barrackpore-700120, West Bengal *e-mail: [email protected] Remote sensing provides valuable information of natural resource as 2.08% of water body above 0.4ha of total land mass has been extracted from satellite images of which 29.01% under perennial and 70.98% under seasonal category from the study area. Identified fish species are the vital source of fish information.A large number of species, which are not reported earlier, have been revealed from this region. Out of 171 species 100 have been found which might be more than 58.4% of the total fish diversity in the state. In this region 47 species are being commercially important, 10 are categorized under ornamental fishes, 21 are under catfish family, 41 are exclusively riverine fishes and 51 species have been identified as locally threatened species.Aconsiderable number of 26 fish families have been identified.An average of 2500kgh-1 y -1 fish production has been observed from water bodies below 5ha, which are likely to be cultural water bodies, whereas 2-.8h-1 y -1 has been observed in the large tank/reservoir. Biodiversity and conservational aspect of the ichthyofauna in this region, in comparison to that of other parts of state have been relatively less documented. The familial diversity in inland waters in southern parts is considerably higher which indicates that species diversity is not necessarily related to familial diversity. The fish fauna in the region considered presently is highly diverse with an estimated cumulative total of 100 species. The diversity of freshwater fish species in the region is significantly related to the adjoining land and channel of the different parts of this region which is better explained in GIS map. Species and area behave differently in nature for inland fish, logarithmic function has been found to be more appropriate in establishing the species-area relationship. Since number of species does not increase beyond a certain area, the exclusion of larger water bodies from the computation may have result a better curve. Categorization of conservation priority area depends on qualitative and quantitative information for both species and suitable habitat. Certain keystone species or group may determine the inclusion of other species in a community. The loss of keystone species from the community might result in extinction of species of other communities. Alternately, sudden destruction of habitat may cause a loss of many species. Considerable biological diversity exists outside of the protected area. Such unprotected habitats are vital for conservation because only a small percentage of area accounts for protected area. Fishes often forage or migrate to unprotected areas where they are vulnerable to hunting or threats from human. Only 49.09% (8726ha) of primary conservation area, 47.97% (8527ha) of secondary conservation area and 0.029% (520.2ha) of tertiary area of total closed water system have been identified whereas in 2 river systems nearly 6250ha has been detected for primary protection and 2500ha is under secondary protection level. Most fisheries operate under open access regimes and fishing is an essential part of the livelihood strategies of riparian people. This situation is aggravated by the fact that the growing demand in inland fish by increasing number of fisherman is being pursued against the background of a resource that is declining because of environmental change. One of the causes is large number of water bodies going dry during summer. Traditional culture practice and lack of literacy affect their profession. Since fisheries development and management involve and affect primarily the fishers, it is necessary to consider their social aspects including subsistence orientation of production and income distribution with regards to fisheries. In this context practicing scientific culture provides new economic opportunity that allows rural people to use natural resources in a sustainable manner without harming the biological diversity and uplifts their livelihood. UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015 2 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Oral Presentation

Zooplankton as Bioindicator- a Case Study from Freshwater Lentic Wetlands of Midnapore District (East and West), West Bengal, India P. Halder Mallick1* , S. Banerjee2 and S. K. Chakraborty1 1 Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 2Department of Zoology, Calcutta University, Kolkata, West Bengal

*E-mail: [email protected]

The present study has envisaged to record the species diversity of zooplankton and macrophytes with respect to variable morphometries and the prevailing physicochemical parameters of a total of 24 wetlands (Study Sites) located in different parts of undivided Midnapore district, West Bengal. Most of the StudySiteswerelessthan a hectare while others were found to be greater than that. Few Study Sites were perennial (S1, S3, S6, S7, S9, S16, S17, S18 and S22) whereas the remaining majority were temporary or seasonal wetlands A total of 35 macrophytic species belonging to 23 families were recorded. Each of the sites was found to display different assemblages of aquatic plants displaying their respective habitat preferences. Eichhornia crassipes was found to occur in maximum number at 8 sites, whereasJuncus sp., Nelumbo nucifera, Mollugo spergulaand Scirpus articulatus were confined to one site only. Altogether 65 species of zooplankton belonging to 3 major taxa- Rotifera, Copepoda and Cladocera recorded from the studied wetlands also showed their differential distributional patterns along the ecological gradients, mainly governed by aquatic vegetations and water quality parameters. The lowest numbers of zooplankton species (ranging only 6-10 taxa) were recorded from the sites- S17, S20, S21, S22 and S24 whereas the highest numbers of zooplankton species (ranging 82-99 taxa) occurred at sites- S1 and S2, followed by S10, S11, S12 and S16 (having 48-55 taxa). Zooplankton belonging to Brachionidae displayed widespread occurrence whereas those belonging to Flosculariidae, Trochosphaeridae and Bosminidae were restricted to single site. Therefore, results on binary distribution patterns coupled with cluster analysis on zooplanktonic diversity have indicated that zooplankton species preferred habitats having stable macrophytic prevalence rather than hydroperiod or physicochemical features. Moreover, the outcome of such analysis appeared to throw light on the potentiality of zooplankton as bioindicator species.

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Fine structural modifications in olfactory neuroepithelium of Pseudapocryptes lanceolatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801):An air-breathing mudskipper of South East Asia

S. K. Sarkar* and S. K. De

Ultrastructure and Fish Biology Research Unit, Department of Zoology Vidyasagar University, Midnapore (West) – 721102, West Bengal

*e-mail: [email protected]

Olfaction is an oldest chemosensory modality that is conserved across the vertebrate phyla and shows a distinct anatomical variation between the aquatic and terrestrial forms. Mudskippers (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) are the most specialized group of teleosts and recognized as an intermediate form between aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates. The present study highlights on the fine structural modifications of olfactory neuroepithelium in Pseudapocryptes lanceolatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) [a common mudskipper of intertidal habitat] in lieu of their amphibious mode of life. The olfactory apparatus of P.lanceolatus is unilamellarinnature. It is externally lined by pseudostratified olfactory neuroepithelium and shows prominent separation of ciliated and microvillous zone [examined under light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM: Morgagni 268D)]. The olfactory neuroepithelium includes various types of cells i.e., sensory receptor cell (bipolar neuron), columnar supporting cell and polygonal basal cell. The sensory receptor cells and ciliated supporting cells are mostly distributed in the ciliated zone whereas the microvillous supporting cells are more frequent in microvillous zone of olfactory neuroepithelium. A special type of supporting cells (possesses both cilia and microvilli) are also marked at the intermediate part of ciliated and microvillous zone of olfactory neuroepithelium. Therefore this unique distribution pattern of cellular components in various zone of olfactory neuroepithelium is significantly denotes as a primitive form of amphibia-like anatomical modification within the concerned chemosensory system.

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Small indigenous freshwater fish faunal diversity of Midnapore and it’s surroundings

B. Paul1 , A. Chanda1 * and J. K. Kundu2

1P.G. Department of Zoology, Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College, Midnapore, Paschim Medinipur - 721102, West Bengal

2 Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapur, Paschim Medinipur - 721102, West Bengal *e-mail : angsumanchanda @yahoo.in

Small indigenous freshwater fishes are often an important ingredient in the diet of village people who live in the proximity of freshwater bodies. Word ‘Indigenous’ means the originating in and characteristic of a particular region or country & native area. Paschim Medinipur is a districts having 29 blocks, among which Midnapore is the Headquarter of the district. Midnapore Sadar block is surrounded clockwise by Keshpur, Debra, KGP II, KGP I, Jhargram, Binpur I & Salboni blocks. In the present study, different water bodies of Midnapore and its surroundings have been surveyed thoroughly from May 2013 to September 2014. A total number of 36 small indigenous freshwater fish species belonging to 28 genera, 19 families and 7 order were collected and identified according to the existing literature, during the survey period. Among all the collected specimens family Cyprinidae shows maximum number of species followed by Channidae, Mastacembelidae, Bagridae andAmbassidae. Present study shows the IUCN status of icthyofauna of the study region.Agood number of small indigenous fishes of the study area are under threat due to eco - destruction of aquasystem and need to be restored by implementing proper conservation strategy specific for the region.

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Study of present condition & future progress of a rare species- “Chameleon” in Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India

T. S. Jana

Department of Zoology, Narajole Raj College, Midnapore – 721211, West Bengal

Chameleons are a distinctive and highly specialized clade of old world lizards. There are approximately 180 species, but in West Bengal particularly in Paschim Medinipur the common & unique species of Chameleon is Chamaeleo zeylanicus LAURENTI (Both green & yellow colour). Interesting recognizable features include their diagnostic zygodactylsfeet,inwhich adjacent digits are fused on each hand and foot, forming opposable grasping pads where in hands two digits projects outwards and opposite in foot, and the presence of casqued, horns, and crests on the heads. Colour change in chameleons has functions in social signalling and in reactions to temperature and other conditions, as well as in camouflage. Chameleons tend to show darker colours when angered, or attempting to scare or intimidate others, while males show lighter, multicoloured patterns when courting females. The desert-dwelling chameleon also uses colour change as an aid to thermoregulation, becoming black in the cooler morning to absorb heat more efficiently, then a lighter grey colour to reflect light during the heat of the day. Chromatophores (i.e., xanthophores, iridophores & leucophore ) are largely responsible for generating skin and eye colour in Chameleon. Chameleons are mostly oviparous, with some being ovoviviparous. Chameleons generally eat insects, but larger species, such as the common chameleon, may also take other lizards and young birds & are parasitized by nematode worms. It has great ecological, environmental & economic value. So, environment unconscious people hunted it & supply in foreign country for earns money. It is a rare species in Paschim Medinipur. If this incident is continuous, single species of Chameleon will not found in Paschim Medinipur in future. So, we can save our environment & Species diversity, by prohibition of hunting. Recently Government of West Bengal also takes an action against hunting of Chameleon.

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Avi-faunal diversity in some medieval Bengali literatures

M. Bandyopadhyay1* , J. Chakraborti2 * and D. Bhattacharya

1Department of Bengali, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore - 721 102 2*Department of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata – 700 094 *e-mail: [email protected]

The present studyaimsattravelling in the richness of bio diversity in some mediaeval literatures of Bengal for preparing a monogram of birds for the present day while making a meaningful list pertaining to erosion of the then avi-faunal diversity. It reveals that a good number of species of Aves are mentioned by the medieval-writers in their contemporary time and agro-ecosystems. In this treatise the authors analysed some ‘Mangal Kabya’ viz. Annadamangal, Chandimangal and Krittibasee Ramayan following the method of content analysis as suggested by Kaplan and Goldsem (1949), Berelson (1952) and Holstiet. al . (1968) and participatory rural folk appraisal (PRA) was made for identification of those birds, their habitat, morphology, food habit and nest making in the perspective of agro-ecosystems analysis with the existing folk-rhymes of the concerning zones. Mediaeval poet Bharat Chandra in his famous Annadamangal wrote the names of birds like Gracula religiosa, Acridotheres tristis, Psittacula krameri, Pristtacula alexandria,Clamator jacobinus, Ficedula parva, Pavo cristatus, Accipiter bandius, Accipiter nisus, Dendrocitta vagabunda, Gyps benghalensis, Sacrogyps calvus, Leptoptilos dubius,Nettapus coromandelianus, Corvus splendens, Corvus macrorhy, Plocieus spp., Nycticorax nycticorax, Columba livia, Turdoides striatus, Lanius excubitor, Dicrurus adsimilis, Copsychus saularis, Paser domesticus, Lonchura spp., Orthotomus sutorius, Pycnonotus spp., Cuculus micropterus, Milus migrans, Haliastur indus, Coracias benghalensis, Treron phoenicoptera, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Motacilla spp., Francolinus francolinus, Phalacrocorax carbo, Sterna aurantia, Tadorna ferruginea, Tadornatadorna, Gallinagogallinago, Metopidius indicus, Hydrophasianus chirurgus, Porphyrio porphyrio, Gallicrex cinerea, Leptoptilos dubius, Oriolus oriolus, Ceryle rudis, Alcedo atthis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Pelargopsis capensis etc. Mukunda Chakraborty in his Chandimangal wrote the names of birds like Wagtails, Pied crested cuckoo, house sparrow, Shrikes, House crow, Owls, Common tern, Starlings, Herons and Egrets, Parrots, White breasted water hen, Asian koel, Cotton teal, Small sky lark, Black kite, Storks, Saras crane, Gander, Pea fowletc. In translated epicRamayana Krittibas wrote the name of birds like Cranes, Crow, Fantail snipe, King vulture, Asian koel, Common pariah kite, Brown hawk owl, Starlings, Cockatoo, House sparrow, Kingfishers, Wagtails, Black drongo, Greater adjutant stork, Waver birds, Chest nut starling, Pea fowl, Green pigeon, Pigeon, Northern goshawk, little banded goshawk, Lesser whistling duck, Malayan parrot, Woodpeckers etc.

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015 7 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Oral Presentation

Diversity of marine and estuarine Puffer fishes of Coastal belt of West Bengal, India

R. P. Nath and J. K. Kundu

Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore -721102. West Bengal

Puffer fishes are the second most poisonous vertebrates in the world after the golden poison frog. The family includes many familiar species which are variously called puffer fish, balloon fish, blowfish, bubble fish, globefish, swellfish, toadfish, toadies, honey toads etc. Puffers are a unique group of fishes those inhabit freshwater, marine and estuarine environments in tropical and temperate regions. The Family - Tetraodontidae owes its name to the word “Tetraodon”, which in Greek means “four teeth”. Fishes of this family possess characteristic jaws where the teeth are fused into a beak - like dental plate with a median suture on each jaw, thereby giving the appearance of four heavy, powerful teeth, two in each jaw. Family Tetraodontidae contains 27 genus and about 190 species. 22 species of 8 genuses are reported from marine, estuarine and freshwaters of India. A Seasonal surveyi.e. premonsoon, monsoon and postmonsoon survey is carried out in the coastal belt of West Bengal (between 21°32Ń to 22°40Ń latitude and 88°05É to 89°00É longitude) from January, 2012 to December 2014. White-spotted puffer (Arothron hispidus), Stellate puffer (Arothron stellatus), Milk spotted puffer (Chelonodon patoca), Oceanic puffer (Lagocephalus lagocephalus lagocephalus), Lunartail puffer (Lagocephalus lunaris), Lattice blaasop (Takifugu oblongus), Green pufferfish (Tetraodon fluviatilis) are reported from this region.

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015 8 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Technical Session II

Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Invited Lecture

Molecular Characterization of circulating HIV-1 Strains in Eastern and North- eastern parts of India

S. Chakrabarti

Ex Director I/C, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases ICMR, Dept of Health Research, Govt. of India

India is experiencing a rapid and extensive spread of HIV-1 and has entered the third stage of epidemic in many urban areas. Majority of HIV infection has been reported to occur through heterosexual contact except in few states, where it occurs through sharing of contaminated needles and syringes among Injecting Drug Users (IDU). HIV-1 is divided into a major group(Group M) and two other minor groups. With 'M' for major, this is by far the most common type of HIV-1, with more than 90% of HIV/AIDS cases reported. The M group is subdivided further into clades or subtypes designated as subtypes A-K. The presence of circulating recombinants, unique recombinants between different subtypes was also reported worldwide. In order to characterize HIV-1 strains, Peptide Enzyme Immunoassay(PEIA), Heteroduplex Mobility Assay (HMA), Multi-region HybridizationAssay (MHA), DNAsequencing and phylogenetic analysis techniques are used in several laboratories of India. Initially, env and gag genes were used to identify the subtypes of HIV-1 circulating in India. Based on the data generated from different laboratories including ours reveals the predominance of subtype C in India. A different scenario emerged when the samples were used from the injecting drug users from north eastern parts of India. Although Subtype C was found as the major strain among IDUs in North-eastern India, the presence of subtype Thai-B was also reported. In a study population of Injecting drug users and their spouses, dual infection by subtype C and Thai B following the emergence of C/Thai B recombinants were interesting observation. However, IDUs from Eastern part of India showed the only prevalence of subtype C based ongag , env and tat genes. The p17 gene encoding HIV-1 matrix protein was analyzed amongFSWsinCalcutta and when compared with other Indian and global C- strains,it clearly revealed a different cluster of Indian sequences. Same result was obtained for gag andenv genes. The US-B strain was detected for the first time in Calcutta with respect to both env andnef genes and more interestingly C/US-B recombinants were also detected based on both the genes. Recently, the HIV recombinants between subtype A1/C and B/C have been reported from northern and southern India. Anumber of HIV recombinants were identified from different parts of India. The use of multiple genes, rather than one or two genes to identify HIV-1 subtypes or recombinants can reduce the chances of false identification. The recent technology of Multi Region Hybridization Assay(MHA) was used to identify the recombinants. The studies from Indian laboratories indicates the increase in the prevalence of recombinant HIV among different high risk groups including the Injecting drug users Continuous monitoring is under progress to see the transmission of Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF) which might have impact in intervention strategies and vaccine development.

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015 9 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Invited Lecture

Emergence of Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Eastern India: Major threat toward malaria control S. Roy

Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health,

Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721 102, West Bengal, India.

e-mail: [email protected]

Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was randomly used against Plasmodium falciparum for last five years. Increasing failure rates of artemisinin-based combination therapy have highlighted the possibility of emerging artemisinin resistance. This study was designed to evaluate the current efficacy of this combinationinEasternIndia. Seventy eight patients were randomized to Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment and the therapeutic efficacy was monitored from day 1 to day 42. Parasite clearance time and parasite clearance half-life were checked in all patients. Plasma concentration of artesunate, in vitro susceptibility to artesunate, pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine were examined. Genotypic variations of different candidate gene were also assessed. Treatment failure rate was recorded 16.18% after Artesunate plus sulfadoxine- pyrimethamine treatment. Eight artesunate resistant isolates were found for the first time in India. Increasing proportion of these slow-clearing infections (parasite clearance half-life >4.4h) were also proved the decrease efficacy of Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Reduce

susceptibility to artesunate (Mean IC50 13.58nM) were observed in 22 isolates. Polymorphisms in pfmdr1 gene and in some instances point mutations inpfatpase6 genes have some role in artemesinin resistance, whereas late ACT failures were associated with the polymorphisms in dhfr anddhps gene. Artemisinin resistance has emerged in Eastern India as a result Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment failure is increasing here. Spreading of resistance to a drug that currently has no descendant demand further studies regarding this emerging problem.

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Efficacy of SQDG, a glycolipid isolated from Azadirachta indica, against a model flatworm

P. K. Kar1 , S. Murmu1 , Y. Bharitkar2 , A. Ash2 , D. Roy3 , S. K. Roy1 , S. Mandal4 , N.B. Mondal2

1P.G. Department of Zoology, Maulana Azad College, Parasitology Laboratory, Kolkata - 700013 2Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata– 700032 3Department of Zoology, A.B.N. Seal College, Cooch Behar– 736101 4P.G. Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram– 721507

Traditional medicinal systems have been a rich source of curatives for various ailments and diseases. From the ancient times India has been at the forefront with respect to ethnic or folklore medicines with Neem (Azadirachta indica), being the cynosure of all. A glycolipid sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride (SQDG) isolated from the leaves of neem has been found to be a proactive antibacterial and antiviral agent in previous studies. The current study was undertaken to evaluate anthelmintic activity of SQDG against a model intestinal parasite of fowl,Raillietina sp, andFasciola sp of cattle. In this paper anthelmintic effect of a sulfonoglycolipid, SQDG, isolated and characterized from the methanol extract of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves is discussed. Studies on anthelmintic efficacy, were made in a dose dependent manner, with varying concentrations (0.25/0.5/1.0 mg/ml) of SQDG. Time taken for paralysis (P) and death (D) of the parasites following the treatmentwithSQDGwithrespect to its controls, serves as an indication of the potentially plausible anthelmintic activity of SQDG against cestodes. Convincing evidences were obtained by SEM and TEM analysis, regarding the activity of the plant-derived components. Activity of the tegumental enzymes Acid Phosphatase, Alkaline Phosphatase, Adenosine Triphosphatase and 5’ Nucleotidase were assayed for any changes following treatment compared to the controls. Present study provides strong evidence regarding the efficacy of SQDG. Treatment of the worms with SQDG showed paralytic activity in a dose-dependent manner followed by mortality. The surface ultrastructure of the parasites especially in the region between suckers and neck, showed pronounced damage following treatment with SQDG. Tegumental enzymes analysed showed significant decrease in their activity as compared to the controls. It also conclusively proves the anthelmintic activity of SQDG against the model flatworms of interest. Further studies are on to provide foolproof evidences on the mode of action of SQDG against helminthes in general and cestodes in particular.

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015 11 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Oral Presentation

Hepato-protective effect of Lycopodium on Cadmium induced toxicity in mice

M. Chatterjee* and J. K. Kundu

Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology Vidyasagar University, Midnapore- 721102, West Bengal

*e-mail: [email protected]

Cadmium chloride is a naturally occurring element as well as a potent hepatotoxic agent. The Cadmium toxicity is due to its accumulation in different organs through food and drink from the environment and its removal is not possible by most chelating agents as they are unable to pass through the membrane. The present study was undertaken to examine the inhibitory effect of Lycopodium on cadmium chloride induced liver damage. To conduct this study Swiss albino mice were used as experimental organism and were divided into three different sets including SI or control group,i.e., set only with normal feeding habit, SII or set administered with cadmium for first 40 days followed by normal feeding habit for next 40 days and SIII or set exposed with cadmium for first 40 days followed by a 40 days Lycopodium treatment. The cadmium chloride and Lycopodium were administered orally. The activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) was significantly increased after this administration of cadmium but a decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activitieswere found when compared to those values in control mice. The mice, administered with Lycopodium after 40 days exposure with low dose of cadmium chloride, showed a significantly decreased levels of serum SGOT and SGPT and increase in serum ALP level. These results indicate that the Lycopodium is a potent hepato - protective agent and can effectively reduce the hepatotoxicity produced by cadmium to some extent.

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015 12 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Oral Presentation

Antioxidants delay the rate of cellular aging

S. S. Mandal1* , B. Mandal2 and J. K. Kundu2

1Department of Zoology, Garhbeta College, Garhbeta-721127, Paschim Medinipur

2Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102

e-mail: *[email protected]

Cellular aging is the multidimensional process that changes physical, physiological and behavioral condition of a cell over time. It is characterized by decline of multiple physiological functions that increase the probability of homeostatic imbalance and cellular death. The process by which cellular aging is occurred is called cellular senescence. It is an unavoidable property of a cell which is the result of genetic programming. Various free radicals are produced due to endogenous oxidative reactions within the cells. These highly reactive atoms namely Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) causes shortening of telomere; DNA damage and lethal mutation which shorten the lifespan of a cell. Damage occurs when the free radical encounters another molecule and seeks to find another electron to pair its unpaired electron. The free radical often pulls an electron off a neighboring molecule, causing the affected molecule to become a free radical itself. The new free radical can then pull an electron off the next molecule and a chemical chain reaction of radical production occurs. There are five main types of free radicals, all with varying degrees of toxicity. They are- Nitric oxide, Peroxynitrite, Hydrogen peroxide, Superoxide anion, Hydroxyl radical. The antioxidants like vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) neutralize such types of free radicals namely as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Antioxidants are believed to play a role in preventing of the development of such chronic diseases as cancer, heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and Rheumatoid arthritis. Antioxidants play an antagonistic effect over free radicals and block the process of oxidation which leads to the declying the rate of cellular aging.

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015 13 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Oral Presentation

Immature cells of myeloid origin accumulates in the microenvironment during initial stage of tumor establishment

J. Saha and S. Bhattacharyya*

Department of Zoology, Sidho Kanho Birsha University, Ranchi Road, P.O -Sainik School, Purulia- 723104,West Bengal

*e-mail: [email protected]

Current literature related to tumor immunology is sufficed with the proof that chronic inflammation is one of the important hallmarks of cancer and tumor progression is associated with immune suppression. One of the major cell populations that form the inflammatory component during tumor progression are Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells. MDSCs are bone marrow derived, incompletely differentiated heterogeneous population of myeloid cells with potent immune suppressive capacity. Interestingly, they are also shown to accumulate in tumor site and various other immune compartments in tumor bearing hosts. Rapid expansion of MDSCs during neoplastic progression leads to severe impairment in host's anti-tumor T-cell response. This suggests a strong link between inflammation, MDSC expansion and tumorigenesis. However, there are not many reports about the mechanisms of how tumor influences the chronic inflammatory environment during the very initial days of its establishment. We studied infiltration of various immune cell populations that accumulated at the tumor site during subsequent stages from tumor inoculation to tumor establishmentinmaleSwissAlbino mice by Immunophenotyping focusing mainly on MDSC and TAMs. Increased number of MDSCs and tumor infiltrating T-cells during early stage was observed; T-cell number, though, dropped dramatically during later stages in tumor site. Also, there was a steady increase in the Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) during tumor progression. These initial data indicates a strong relationship between MDSC accumulation and tumor establishment in a crucial phase dependent manner and is clearly indicative of the complex interplay of tumor microenvironment in immune-editing and tumor immune escape.

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015 14 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Oral Presentation

Global Climate Changes and Vector borne Diseases: A review note

B. Mandal1* , J. K. Kundu1 and G. Chandra2

1 Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore- 721 102, West Bengal 2Department of Zoology, Burdwan University, Burdwan- 713 104, West Bengal *e-mail: [email protected]

Climate change could significantly affect vector borne disease in humans. Temperature, precipitation, humidity, and other climatic factors are known to affect the reproduction, development, behavior, and population dynamics of the arthropod vectors of these diseases. Climate also can affect the development of pathogens in vectors, as well as the population dynamics and ranges of the nonhuman vertebrate reservoirs of many vector borne diseases. Whether climate changes increase or decrease the incidence of vector borne diseases in humans will depend not only on the actual climatic conditions but also on local nonclimatic epidemiologic and ecologic factors. Predicting the relative impact of sustained climate change on vector borne diseases is difficult and will require long-term studies that look not only at the effects of climate change but also at the contributions of other agents of global change such as increased trade and travel, demographic shifts, civil unrest, changes in land use, water availability, and other issues. Adapting to the effects of climate change will require the development of adequate response plans, enhancement of surveillance systems, and development of effective and locally appropriate strategies to control and prevent vector borne diseases. The purpose of this research study is to review the influence of climate on the transmission and spread of vector borne diseases and identify the most important gaps in our knowledge, including the degree to which studies on the impact of climatic variability on vector borne diseases can help us understand the likely alterations of vector–host–pathogen relationships under conditions of sustained climate change. We also discuss how human behaviors, land use, and demographic factors can interact with climate to determine the actual burden of vector borne disease among humans. Finally, we suggest approaches for adapting to the potential effects of climate change on the occurrence of vector borne diseases in humans.

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015 15 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Oral Presentation

Anatomy and microscopical studies on olfactory apparatus of a spiny eel Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepéde, 1800):Apotamodromous fish of South East Asia

S.Jana*, M.Aich, S. K. Sarkar and S. K. De

Ultrastructure and Fish Biology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore (West) – 721102, West Bengal, India *e-mail - [email protected]

Olfaction is a primary chemosensory modality of fish which is mediated through the olfactory apparatus. The macro and micro anatomical details of the olfactory apparatus of a spiny eel Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepède 1800) of order – Synbranchiformes has been studied under the light microscope (LM) using aqueous Bouin’s solution as a fixative. The olfactory apparatus is comprises of paired olfactory rosette, single accessory nasal sac, olfactory nerves and olfactory bulbs of the brain. The elongated olfactory rosettes are attached to each other at lateral margin and encapsulated by the membranous olfactory chamber. Each rosette possesses (58 to 62) olfactory lamellae arranged in 2 - 3 rows. The olfactory lamella is externally lined by pseudostratified olfactory epithelium and includes sensory receptor cells, supporting cells, goblet cells, basal cells, etc. These cells are morphologically distinct and play a significant role in various aspects of fish olfactory biology.

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015 16 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Oral Presentation

Alcohol dependency of Lodha Tribe at Jhargram

R. De* and J. K. Kundu

Genetics & Molecular Biology unit, Department of Zoology Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur- 721102, West Bengal

e- mail: *[email protected]

Jhargram is a tribal populated sub-division, present at Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal. Being a tribal populated area, various clans are present such as Santal, Bhumij, Kora, Lodha, Munda, Savaretc . Among them, Lodhas are most primitive. They are known as hunting tribe and like to live in forest place.As they have no land by their own, they have no practice of cultivation for their livelihood but they like to earn money by trapping bird, fishing, wage labour, making country liquor, selling wood, wax, honeyetc. Due to their hard labour as well as climatic condition, for recreation, ceremonial or festive occasions, to overcome the body pain and tiredness, boredom, tension alcohol consumption is very common among them. As the liquor contain large quantity of carbohydrate, reducing sugar, provides a major dietary constituent and high caloric value of their day to day life. The Lodha people prepare alcohol for their own consumption and rarely sell it for profit. This ethnic group shows a good opportunity to study about traditional practices of alcoholic drinks. They use Mahua flowers, roots of plants like Asparagus racemosus, Elephantopus scaber, Lygodium flexuosum, Orthosiphon rubicundus, etc. in preparing bakhar which is used to prepare local liquor named ‘Mahul’. They make another type of liquor by using cooked rice known as ‘Handia’in their tribal language. Lodha woman favour for prohibition but most of men disfavour it. As they drink tremendously, it affects the health such as drowsiness, slurred speech, headache, unconsciousness; blackoutsetc. and various problems are created such as increased family problems, broken relationships, intentional injuries such as firearm injuries, sexual assault, domestic violence,etc. Though total prohibition is to be very difficult yet effort can be made to modify their mentality by awareness to reduce the alcohol consumption.

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015 17 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Oral Presentation

Isolation and molecular characterization of bacteria from diseased Carps through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis in West Bengal

1, 2 1 2 1 1 1 A. Das, B.K. Behera , S. Acharya , P. Paria , A.K. Sahoo and A.P.Sharma

1Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700120

2Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal

*e-mail: [email protected]

Asurvey was conducted for the detection of fish diseases in Burdwan district of West Bengal. The species under culture viz. Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigalaand Labeo bata were showing clinical signs of deep ulcer at the base of operculum and hemorrhages at the base of anal and pectoral fins. The bacteria were isolated from the diseased fish samples and grown in Tryptic Soya Broth (TSB) culture medium at 37o C for overnight incubation. The bacterial isolates were studied by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for identification. The bacterial isolates showed positive for Motility, Indole, Catalase, Citrate, Oxidase, VP, Glucose, Trehalose, Starch Hydrolysis, Gelatin Hydrolysis, Lactose and negative for Methyl red, Urease tests, Ornithine, Mannitol, Inositol. Further, the 16S rRNAgene sequence analysis and taxonomic identification of the bacterial isolates was performed using Ribosomal Database Project Release- 10 and SILVA SSU database. The bacteria were identified based on the BLAST results of 16S rRNAgene sequence having more than 99% identity with the reference database sequence. Based on the both tests, the isolate confirmed as Aeromonas hydrophilla. The reports from other workers also confirmed these bacteria as a causative agent for fish diseases.

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015 18 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Oral Presentation

Ecological factors and its role on maturation and spawning of fish during bundh breeding

P. P. Ghorai1* , N. R. Chattopadhyay2 , S. K. De3

1,3Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapur (West) - 721102, West Bengal

2Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata – 700 094

*e-mail – [email protected]

Ecological factors, which influence maturation as well as spawning of fish during Bundh Breeding at Bankura Districtof West Bengal includes both biotic and abiotic factors. As we know June-July is considered as breeding season of almost of all culturable food fishes in India. Prior to breeding season the fish get matured at the influence of available criteria present before breeding season. Out of the several factors which influence maturation in fish, temperature and day- length is considered as the primary factor in initiating maturation. This is evident from the fact that vernal equinox which falls on 21st March every year and after that day-length increases beyond 12 hours. As the day-length increases, so there is an increase availability of light and temperature and subsequent natural food in aquatic system throughout the tropical countries. This increased day- length along with temperature initiate gonadal recrudescence in fishes. This has been experimentally proved when spent fish are subjected to artificial illumination beyond 12 hours, gonads developed 2nd time. This experimental result is having immense importance as the maturation can be maneuvered according to the need of the time. The Bundh Breeding site of Bankura district is situated in a place where the soil bears characteristics features to turn the water, available during breeding season, congenial for breeding and spawning. This unique feature of soil is not explored yet as we are stillin dark about the active component of the soil which facilitates breeding and spawning in the bundh. Identification of active components of soil will certainly open new avenues to make the fish breeding more easy in captive condition. We are optimistic that a new approach will come up soon to make the bundh breeding easy for quality seed production.

UGC Sponsored National Seminar on ‘Zoological Research: Past, Present and Future’, March 26, 2015 19 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University; Copyright (c) Vidyasagar University http://ecircular.vidyasagar.ac.in/DownloadEcircular.aspx?RefId=201503272640 Oral Presentation

Effect of Chlorpyrifos on folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in Banded gourami Trichogaster fasciata

R. Guchhait, A. Roy, A. Koley, D. Das, and K. Pramanick*

Department of Biological Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073

*e-mail: [email protected]

Reproduction is the process by which organisms creates it descendants. Normal reproduction of animals maintains the biodiversity as well homeostasis of the ecology and environment. Pesticides withdraw the safeguard of the biodiversity. Because pesticides used in agricultural fields have detrimental effects on reproduction. Chlorpyrifos is the common pesticides whose run off from agricultural field contaminated the natural habitat of Banded gourami Trichogaster fasciata such as pond, ditches and streams connected to agricultural fields. The present study elucidates the effects of chlorpyrifos on folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis by the ovarian follicles stimulated by gonadotropins in adult banded gouramiT.fasciata . Furthermore, we performed experiments to show the in vitro effects of this pesticide on HCG-induced steroidogenic factor-1 which activates aromatase enzyme via aromatase gene expression. During breeding season, T. fasciata were exposed to chlorpyrifos at ecologically relevant concentration along with a control group for 20 days. Blood and gonadal samples were collected from 10 fishes of each batch for steroid assay and histological slide preparation. Rests of the 10 fishes from each batch were kept in aquarium containing normal water for another 20 days and then samples were collected. For in vitro study, isolated ovarian follicles were incubated with Idler's medium containing HCG, HCG with Chlorpyrifos and without any effectors in a 24-well cultured plate for 24 hours. After experiments, follicles were collected for western blotting; gene expression and medium were collected for steroid assay by radioimmuno assay (RIA) procedure. Histological analysis revealed normal ovaries in fish belonging to control and recovered group, whereas normal folliculogenesis was blocked in chlorpyrifos exposed fish. In vivo synthesis of steroids also attenuated after exposure of fish with chlorpyrifos. In in vitro experiments, administration of chlorpyrifos significantly inhibited HCG-induced steroid production and P450arom gene expression in ovarian follicles. The present study further demonstrated that chlorpyrifos strongly inhibit HCG-induced stimulation of ovarian steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) which activates aromatase enzyme. These findings suggest that chlorpyrifos exposure has significant effects on folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in T. fasciata via endocrine disrupting mechanisms.

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