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Spring 2014 Fish & Wildlife News

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Spring 2014 Fish & Wildlife News U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Spring 2014 Fish & Wildlife News SPOTLIGHT 50 Years of The Wilderness Act 8 Refuge Therapy 24 Who Cares About Smoke 22 what’s inside Departments Features From the Directorate / 1 SPOTLIGHT News / 2 Around the Service / 29 curator’s Corner / 28 Our People / 37 50 YEARS OF THE WILDERNESS ACT 8 Escaping the Confines of Civilization We needed the Wilderness Act in 1964 and still need it today by NANCY ROEPER Adventure Awaits / 12 Wild Lands in the Think Minimally / 16 Many Heed Call to Enjoy Arctic / 14 Traditional skills help Areas ‘Untrammeled People are enriched by the preserve wilderness by Man’ knowledge that it exists character by DEBORAH JEROME by BRIAN GLASPELL by STEVE HENRY Who Cares About Refuge Smoke? / 22 Therapy / 24 When fire threatens, Preschoolers air quality often connect to nature ON THE COVER: WILDERNESS AT BIG overlooked by KATHERINE TAYLOR LAKE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE IN ARKANSAS. JEREMY BENNETT/USFWS by KAREN MIRANDA from the directorate Wilderness: Values Beyond Its Land Boundaries It’s hard for me to believe that it has been 20 years town were growing as bowhead whale carcasses from since I moved to Fairbanks, Alaska, to begin my the fall hunt were becoming a more important food assignment as manager of Arctic National Wildlife source and the sea ice receded farther and farther Refuge. The refuge is a world-class natural area and from shore. the preeminent remaining American wilderness. The experience changed my life; it deepened my As I was reflecting on my experiences in the Arctic understanding of the natural world and the human and the upcoming 50th anniversary of the Wilderness Jim Kurth experience in it. Act, I remember some words my friend Roger Kaye wrote about wilderness in Fulfilling the Promise, The place evokes a sense of timelessness. When you the 1999 document that set the path for the Refuge find fossilized coral on the refuge’s coastal plan, you System for the forthcoming decade: “Central to the can imagine the ancient ocean that once covered it. experience and awareness of wilderness is humility, Read current Arctic Billion-year-old rocks are exposed in the upthrust with its corollary, restraint; restraint in what is Refuge Manager of the Brooks Range. Muskoxen and caribou remind appropriate for visitors to do, as well as managers. Brian glaspell’s take you that the Pleistocene Epoch—the Ice Age—was Restraint is the reason for the ‘minimum tool’ rule, on the refuge p. 14. yesterday in Earth’s history, and that people who limiting use of our mechanisms to that which is once crossed the Bering land bridge encountered the necessary, and necessary not only to manage these mastodon and the scimitar cat. Those people’s areas, but to manage them as wilderness. descendants—the Inupiat and Gwich ‘in people— still live there; their cultures thrive. “Beyond its tangible resources and experiential opportunities, wilderness is a symbolic landscape. It encompasses values and benefits that extend [Wilderness] encompasses values and beyond its boundaries, to the millions of Americans who will never visit, but find satisfaction in knowing benefits that extend beyond its boundaries, these vestiges still exist. Wilderness areas are valued as remnants of our American cultural heritage to the millions of Americans who will never as well as our universal evolutionary heritage, visit, but find satisfaction in knowing these symbolically enshrining national as well as natural values. Wilderness protection serves as the most vestiges still exist. —roger Kaye visible symbol of our generation’s willingness to pass on some natural treasures as we found them. It is the finest example, perhaps, of our sense of stewardship It is impossible not to feel small there. It is hard not of the system.” to feel spiritual there. The place seems to compel an understanding that there are forces beyond our I wonder whether we have fulfilled the promise of comprehension, perhaps a power of some kind that that last sentence? Perhaps. I suspect we have more is bigger than our own species. I always prayed work to do. I wonder what a Chief of the National when I was there. The Earth is a very good place. Wildlife Refuge System, reflecting on wilderness and our stewardship, might write 50 years from now. My experiences in the Arctic always made me think I hope we can be humble stewards who will provide of our stewardship of both the refuge and the planet— inspiration in the future. of our progress and our failures. The Arctic Refuge remains protected and its wilderness character JIM KURTH is Chief of the National Wildlife Refuge System remains. I believe that it will always be so. But during my time there, an elder from Kaktovik told me he had water in his ice basement and that no one had ever seen that before. The numbers of polar bears around Spring 2014 Fish & Wildlife News / 1 news Partnerships Help a Small Lizard Stage a Big Comeback Keeping America’s Duck Factory Going Two of the Channel islands— San Clemente and San nicolas— n the 1930s, the Dust Bowl are administered by the U.S. Ibrought widespread ruin, but in Navy. Santa Barbara Island is North Dakota, the ecological managed by the National Park disaster had one good outcome: Service. By the mid-1990s these the establishment of a slew of Service partners removed all national wildlife refuges. Without goats, sheep and rabbits from the construction of reservoirs the islands. Feral cats were and the restoration of habitat successfully removed from San completed under the direction Nicolas Island in 2010, and while of the Service, many wildlife cats remain on San Clemente species might not have survived. Island, they pose no significant risk to the survival of the island In May and June, 29 of night lizard. these refuges marked their 75th anniversaries amid a new Today, there are estimated to ecological crisis: the rapid be 21.3 million lizards on San conversion of surrounding prairie NAVY NAVY U.S. Clemente Island, 15,300 lizards on grasslands and wetlands to San Nicolas Island, and 17,600 agriculture, energy development fter 36 years of protection The status of the island night lizard, a lizards on Santa Barbara Island and other uses. Aunder the Endangered small lizard known only to islands off (including Sutil Island). The Species Act (ESA), the island the coast of southern California, has National Park Service and the “These refuges were established night lizard has successfully improved so much that the species no U.S. Navy have established native in recognition of the importance recovered and will be removed longer needs Endangered Species plant nurseries and are actively of the landscape as a whole in from federal protection. Act protection for survival. cultivating native plants to further sustaining waterfowl and other restore the habitat on these species,” says Will meeks, Island night lizards, found only on islands. Assistant Regional Director the Channel Islands off the coast for Refuges in the Service’s of California, average just two to The island night lizard was first Thanks primarily to the work of mountain-prairie Region. “As our four inches in length excluding listed under the ESA in 1977 as a partners at the U.S. Navy and native prairie lands vanish, the the tails. Their coloration varies result of severe habitat degra­ National Park Service to remove refuges are becoming more vital from pale ash gray and beige to dation on the Channel Islands. non-native species from the than ever as natural oases.” shades of brown and black, with These islands were severely islands, protect habitat for the varying uniform, mottled and impacted by ranching and lizard and promote the restoration In late March, the Service striped patterns. The lizard grazing, in particular, the intro­ of native plants that provide and several conservation usually lives about 11 to 13 years. duction of non-native herbivores, habitat for the lizard, the island partners launched the Prairies including goats and pigs on San night lizard is flourishing. Conservation Campaign to call Island night lizards are found only Clemente and San Nicolas attention to the rapid loss of on three of the Channel islands— islands, and rabbits on Santa JANE HENDRON, Public Affairs, prairie habitat (See Conservation San Clemente, San Nicolas and Barbara Island. These animals Pacific Southwest Region, and Organizations Join Forces to Santa Barbara. A very small stripped the land of vegetation VALERIE FELLOWS, Endangered Support Conservation in the number of lizards are also found and caused significant erosion. In Species, Headquarters Prairies, p. 34). on Sutil Island, several thousand addition, feral cats introduced to yards from Santa Barbara Island. San Clemente and San Nicolas islands preyed on the lizard. 2 / Fish & Wildlife News Spring 2014 news Beating Back Extinction One Plant at a Time eeking out from an unassuming ■■ Originally proposed for listing in Phillside along a well-traveled 1976, by the time the species was road north of the San Francisco listed on January 26, 2000, two of Bay is one of California’s most those three locations had been endangered plants, Baker’s lost to the plant, leaving the steep larkspur. From theft to fire to roadside embankment as the flooding, the plant has been plant’s only home. through the ringer. LAURA HUBERS/USFWS ■■ By 2001, the one remaining Snow geese and white-fronted geese Of these 29 North Dakota refuges, Luckily for this lonely flower, site had only 55 flowering plants. fly out over a Dakota cornfield. Rapid the Service owns 11. The botanists from the University of conversion of land for farm and energy remaining 18 are protected by California Botanical Garden at ■■ In 2002, local work crews production is shrinking wildlife habitat in conservation easements.
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