INDEX

Ablation, glacial marine, 280, 390 geomorphology of, 280 Abyssal circulation, Bellingshausen Basin, 380 U-shaped glacial valleys, 198 Abyssal hills, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 220 Continental Slope, description of, 198 Abyssal current-controlled sedimentation, 381, 382, submarine canyons, 199 384 contour currents, 8 Acoustic basement, Bellingshausen Basin, 275 convergence, 757, 763, 764 compressional wave velocities of, 276 phytoplankton abundance north of, 763 Acoustic character, continental rise, 105 Cretaceous history of, 736 as affected by ice-rafting, 299 Crustal plate, 263 Acoustic impedance measurements, techniques of, 234 currents, 734 Acoustic provinces, relationship of Leg 35 sites to, 5 divergence, 757, 764 Acoustic signature as used to define acoustic provinces, environment, Miocene, 79, 395, 738 204 Oligocene, 394 Acoustic stratigraphy, Antarctic region, 6 Paleocene, 394 Acoustic units, Site 323, 11 Paleogene, 737 Actinocyclus ingens Zone, 140, 534, 610 Pleistocene, 395 Adelaide Island, 279 Pliocene-Pleistocene, 395, 739 Age of oceanic basement, 727 Quaternary, 739 Age of crust, Leg 35 sites, 12, 329, 332 glaciation, 12, 28, 546, 735 Aleuritic fractions, mineralogy of, 305 geomorphology, effect of sea-floor spreading on, 285 Alexander Island, 279, 378, 379 effect of climate on, 285 Algal cysts (Bolboforma), 712 Inner Shield, geomorphology of, 280 Alteration, basalt, 328, 736 mountains, 286 Site 322, 436 orogenic cycles, 5 Site 323, 436 Outer Shelf, geomorphology of, 281 Alteration of volcanics (submarine), 465 paleocirculation, 6 Alteration products, basalt, 405 Peninsula, 273, 285, 298 low temperature, 500 morphology of, 279 Alteration reactions, basalt, 509 plate, 11 Alteration, relationship to O18 depletion, 510 Polar Front, 605, 731 Aluk plate, 270 productivity patterns, 6 subduction under , 285 sediments, heavy mineral source, 298 Aluk Ridge, 197, 222, 224, 270, 276 surface water temperatures, 734 Analytical techniques, basalt, 328 volcanism, 273 mineralogy of sediments, 489 , coastal configuration, 279 Ancient water depths, 734 continental glaciation, 28, 64 Andean Intrusive Series, 379 glacial erosion of, 279 Andean Orogeny, 298 glacial models, 390, 391 Andes Mountains, 5 glaciation of, 8, 28, 64, 379 Anellus californicus Zone, 621 paleoclimate, 9 Antarctic, acoustic stratigraphy, 6 regional geology of, 5 biostratigraphy, 9 Antarctissa conradae Zone, 78, 532, 570, 571 Bottom Water (ABW), 394, 614 Antarctissa denticula Zone, 136, 140, 376, 534, 569, 572 Circumpolar Current, 6, 28, 73, 157, 219, 220, 360, Actinocyclus ingens Partial-Range Zone, 139, 673 380, 385, 724, 734, 738, 757 Anvers Island, 279 climate, Miocene, 79 Arachinoidiscus schmidti, new diatom species, 827 fluctuations of, 739 Archaeosphaeridium armatum, new diatom species, 830 continental margin, paleoenvironments of, 11 Asterolampra schmidtii, new diatom species, 827 tectonic pattern, 286 Auliscus gleser, new diatom species, 827 Continental Rise, 199 Authigenic calcite, 366 channels, 285 source of carbon in, 502 description of, 284 Authigenic carbonate, precipitation of, 502 drilling results, 11 O18 values of, 497 paleoclimates, 535 Awamoan Stage, 542 Site 324, 127 Bach Ice Shelf, 279 Site 325, 157 Basal sediments, diagenesis of, 517 Continental Shelf, 198 Basalt, alteration of, 328, 736 channels, 281 alteration products, 405

919 analytical techniques, 328 Site 325, 168 density, 335 systematic position of, 712 diagenesis of, 514 systematics, 713 elastic constants, 335 Bottom circulation, development in southeast Pacific, halmyrolysis of, 12 385 low-temperature alteration of, 502 Bottom current activity, 12, 256, 391, 395, 734 mode of emplacement, 327 dune development as a result of, 216 oxygen isotopic compositions, 497, 502 relationship to intensity of climatic deterioration, Peter I Island, 349 394 pillow, 327 Bottom sediment distribution of CaCθ3, 447 potassium enrichment of, 736 CaO, 447 potassium-argon ages, 730 major elements, 447 sediment contact, 327 MgO, 447 seismic velocities, 335 Bottom water, potential temperature of, 380 Site 322, 35, 330, 331, 332, 333, 339, 405, 502, 518, Bouma Sequence, 386 729 Braided turbidite channels, 399 alteration of, 436 Bransfield Strait, 287 Site 323, alteration of, 436 seismic reflection data from, 283 chemistry of, 333 Bulk density measurements, techniques of, 230 petrography of, 332 Burrowing, 364, 366, 371, 382 solidification index, 333 Zoophycos, 69, 366 submarine alteration of, 518, 730 Carbon, distribution of, 447 Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 219 CaCθ3, distribution in bottom sediments, 447 abyssal hills, 220 Calcareous sediments, distribution of, 386 description of, 199 Calcisphaerulids, drilling results, 9 new species, fracture zones, 220 Pithonella bolli, 701 geomorphology of, 285 P. antarctica, 702 paleocurrents, 535 P. fusiformis, 712 paleoenvironments, 535, 544 P. titanoplax, 701 sediment distribution, 200 Site 323, 78 sediment ponds on, 199 Systematics, 701 Site 322, 25 Calcite, authigenic, source of carbon in, 502 Site 323, 63 Calcite, isotope equilibrium with pore waters, 502 Bellingshausen Basin, abyssal circulation, 380 Calcite veins, model of genesis, 502 acoustic basement, 275 carbon isotopic composition of, 504 bathymetry of, 197 Calocyclas disparidens Zone, 79, 571 crustal evolution of, 197 Canyon Series, 309 subduction of, 203, 219 CaO, distribution of in bottom sediments, 447 geophysical survey, 251 Cape Ingrid, 344 layer 2A, 204 Carbon and carbonate analyses, 201, 757 lower continental rise, 218 Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of car- nepheloid layer, 217 bonates, 501 paleosedimentation patterns, 220 of calcite veins, 504 physiographic provinces of, 197 Carbon, source of in authigenic calcites, 502 sediment body, 197, 285 Carbon 13 values of carbonate vein fillings in basalt, sediment dunes, 207 497 sonobuoy measurements, 203 Carbonate compensation depth, 535, 734, 738 Benthonic foraminifera, 542, 543 fluctuation of, 71 Biogenic calcite, remobilization of, 234 Site 322, 386 Biogenic opal, accumulation of, 449 Site 323, 539 Biogenic sediments, 386 Southeast Pacific Basin, 447 Biogenic silica, remobilization of, 234 Carbonate, authigenic, precipitation of, 502 Biometrical studies, 757 Carbonate, carbon and oxygen isotopic composition Biostratigraphy, high latitude, 9, 135, 167 of, 501, 502 Leg 35 sediments, 12 in Leg 35 sediments, 501 method, 16 as a vein filling in basalt, 497, 502 Biscoe Island, 279 Celadonite, submarine alteration product of basalt, 518 Bogorovia veniamini Zone, 621, 629 Central Continental Rise, postdepositional faulting of, defined, 625 218 Bolboforma, 534, 712 Cerataulina praebergonii, new diatom species, 828 correlation of Leg 35 material to other regions, 714 Cerataulina pacificus, new diatom species, 828 morphology of, 712 Channel axis migration, 105

920 Channels, Antarctic Continental Rise, 285 C. inermis crenulata, new silicoflagellate subspecies, Antarctic Continental Shelf, 281 892 Charcot Cone, 285 C. neoparallela, new silicoflagellate species, 893 Charcot Island, 279 C. tricantha Zone, 532, 674 Chemical composition of interstitial waters, techniques, defined, 673 408 C. hastata globulata, new silicoflagellate sub-species, Site 322, 412 892 Site 323, 415 Core descriptions, method of preparing, 16 Site 324, 418 Coriolis forces in the southern hemisphere, 105 Site 325, 420 Coscinodiscus deformans, new diatom species, 630 Chemical studies of sediments, techniques, 471 C. elliptopora/Actinocyclus ingens Concurrent Chemistry, basalt, 331, 333 Range Zone, 139, 610 interstitial water, 12, 412, 415, 418, 420 C. insignis Partial-Range Zone, 610 sediments, 403, 404, 467 C. lewisianus Partial-Range Zone, defined, 609 Cherts, 362 C. lewisianus Zone, 617 Site 323, 364 C. marginatus Zone, 621 oxygen isotope values in, 498 C. spiralis, new diatom species, 826 Chiasmolithus danicus Zone, 53, 78, 539, 559, 701 C. vigilans-Crespedodiscus coscinodiscus Zone, 629 Chile Ridge, 5, 263, 266, 276, 329 C. yabei Zone, 608, 618 Chile Trench, 203, 266 Cosmiodiscus insignis Partial-Range Zone, 139, 140,610 Chilled margins, 328 Cretaceous history, Antarctic region, 736 Chlorinity, interstitial water, 425 Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, 78 Chlorite, 480 Cross-bedding, 371 Circum-Antarctic sedimentation, model of, Cruciplacolithus tenuis Zone, 53, 78, 539, 559, 694, 701 Circumpolar Counter Current, 732 Crust, age of, 12, 77 Circumpolar Current, 64, 730 Crustal evolution, models for, 271 Circumpolar Deep Water (CPDW), 614 subduction, Bellingshausen Basin, 203 Clay mineralogy, relationship to O18 values, 493 Current reworking, 382 Site 322, 483 Currents, 256, 730 Site 323, 480, 493 See also: specific current name Site 324, 484 Cussia paleacea Zone, 621 Clay minerals, composition of in hydrothermally Dalgliesh Bay, 379 altered sediments, 479 Deception Island, 279, 379 Clay veins, oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of, Density, basalt, 335 504 Denticula antarctica Partial-Range Zone, 621 Claystone, pelagic, 386 D. antarctica-Coscinodiscus lewisianus Zone, 79, 530, Site 323, 518 608, 621 silicified, 497 D. antarctica-denticula lauta Zone, 621 Climate deterioration, relationship to bottom current D. dimorpha Partial-Range Zone, 619 intensity, 394 D. hustedtii Zone, 79, 519, 607, 608, 617, 618 Climate, effect on Antarctic geomorphology, 285 D. hustedtii-Denticula lauta Zone, 530, 608, 617, 618, fluctuations, 739 621 Clinopyroxene, description of, 333 D. lauta Partial-Range Zone, defined, 621 Collosphaerids, 571 D. lauta-kozloviella edita Zone, 621 Compressional wave velocities, acoustic basement, 276 D. nicobarica Zone, 617, 621, 625 Conglomerates, 373 D. nicobarica-Cussia paleacea Zone, 621 Continental glaciation, Antarctica, 8, 28, 64, 379, 390, D. nicobarica-Denticula antarctica Zone, 625 391 Diagenesis of basal sediments, 514, 517 Continental Rise, acoustic character of, 105 basalt, 514 Contour currents, 8, 32, 41, 380, 385, 735 sediments, 421 Contourites, 164, 382, 384, 386, 732 Diagenetic processes, sediments, 9 Site 323, 73 effect of intrastratal solution on, 292 Site 324, 132 Diagenetic products, basalt weathering, 519 Corbisema disymmetrica communis, new silicoflagellate Diagenetic reactions in sediments, isotopic changes, subspecies, 891 509 C. disymmetrica angulata, new silicoflagellate sub- Diatoms, species, 891 Antarctic distribution of, 757, 758 Corbisema falklandensis, new silicoflagellate species, new Species, 891 Arachinoidiscus schmidtii, 827 C. glezarae, new silicoflagellate species, 892 Archaeosphaeridium armatum, 830 C. hastata curricula, new silicoflagellate subspecies, Asterolampra schmidtii, 827 892 Auliscus gleser, 827 C. hastata Zone, defined, 885 Cerataulina praebergonii, 828

921 Cerataulus pacißcus, 828 D. nicobarica Zone, 617, 621, 625 Coscinodiscus spiralis, 826 D. nicobarica-Cussia paleacea Zone, 621 C. deformans, 630 D. nicobarica-Denticula antarctica Zone, 625 Hemiaulus incisus, 829 Fragilariopsis kerguelensis Zone, 137, 609 Nitzchia denticuloides, 633 Hemidiscus karstenii Partial-Range Zone Zλ donahuensis, 633 (defined), 618 Zλ efferans, 633 H. karstenii Zone, 608 Zλ evenescens, 633 Nitzchia interfrigidaria Zone, 39, 42, 79, 531, 532, Zλ grossepunctata, 633 607, 608 Zλ januaria, 634 TV. interfrigidaria Partial-Range Zone, 170, 614 Zλ maleinterpretaria, 634 N. kerguelensis Zone, 137, 609 Zλ pusilla, 634 N. malinterpretaria Partial-Range Zone (defined), Pararchaeomonas decorata, 830 625 Pseudopodosira marginata, 824 N. praeinterfrigidaria Zone, 39, 79, 531, 532, 607, Rhizosolenia interposita, 837 608 /?. minima, 635 N. praeinterfrigidaria Partial-Range Zone, 614 /?. oligocaenica, 635 N. pusilla Partial-Range Zone (defined), 625 Rouxia elongata, 635 NPD Zone IX, 607 /?. isopolica, 635 NPD Zone XVII/XVIII, 608 /?. oligocaenica, 636 NPD Zone XIX, 621 Stephanopyxis eocaenica, 824 NPD Zone XX, 621 S1. hyalomarginata, 824 NPD Zone XX-XXII, 82, 608 5. inordinata, 825 NPD Zone XXI, 621 5. longispinosa, 825 NPD Zone XII, 608 51. oamaruensis, 825 NPD Zone XXIII, 621, 625 S1. oligocaenica, 825 Pyxilla prolongata Zone, 617 5*. subantarctica, 825 species Partial-Range Zone, 629 Synedra miocenica, 636 Raphidodiscus marylandicus Partial-Range Zone, Thalassiosira spinosa, 636 625 r. spumellaroides, 636 Rhizosolenia barboi-Nitzchia kerguelensis Zone, Thalassiothrix primitiva, 637 617 Systematics, 629, 819 Rouxia californica Partial-Range Zone, 137, 610 Zonation, R. californica Zone, 140 Actinocyclas ingens Zone, 545, 610 Thalassiosira spumellaroides Partial-Range Zone Anellus californicus Zone, 621 (defined), 625 Bogorovia veniamini Zone, 621, 625, 627, 629 T. spinosa Partial-Range Zone (defined), 625 Coscinodiscus elliptopora/actinocyclas Con- Dictyocha aculeata Zone (defined), 887 current Range Zone, 610 D. aspera Zone (defined), 673 Coscinodiscus insignis Partial-Range Zone, 610 D. deflandrei Zone (defined), 885 C. lentigenosus Partial-Range Zone, 137, 609 D. fibula augusta, new silicoflagellate species, 893 C lewisianus Partial-Range Zone (defined), 621 D. fibula Zone, 532, 673 C. lewisianus Zone, 617 D. mutabilis Zone, 532 C. marginatus Zone, 621 D. precarensis, new silicoflagellate species, 679 C. vigilans-Craspedodiscus Zone, 629 Dictyoccites antarcticus, new nannofossil species, 561 C. j>αfc?/, 608, 617, 618 Differentiation index, defined, 328 Cosmiodiscus insignis, 140, 610 Discoaster multiradiatus Zone, 889 Cussia palecea Zone, 621 DiscoasterIChiasmolithus Ratio, 889 Denticula antarctica Partial-Range Zone, 621 Distephanus boliviensis boliviensis Zone, defined, 886 Zλ antarctica-Coscinodiscus lewisianus Zone, 608, D. boliviensis Zone, 136, 140, 170, 532, 675, 676 621 D. longispinus Zone, defined, 673 Zλ antarctica-Denticula lauta Zone, 621 D. raupii, new silicoflagellate species, 895 Zλ dimorpha Partial-Range Zone (defined), 619 D. speculum speculum Zone, defined, 886 Zλ dimorpha Zone, 617 D. speculum Zone, 693 Zλ hustedtii, 79, 531, 532, 607, 608, 618 Diversity index, 763 Zλ hustedtii-Denticula lauta Zone, 532, 608, 617, Drake Passage, 197, 217, 223, 263, 285, 329, 731 618, 621 anomalies, 266 D. lauta Partial-Range Zone (defined), 621 description of, 285 D. lauta Zone, 617 Drilling objectives, Leg 35, 5 D. lauta-Denticula antarctica Zone, 621 Drilling operations, 28, 66, 128, 163 D. lauta-Kozloviella edita Zone, 621 Drilling results, 9, 10, 11 D. nicobarica Partial-Range Zone, 625 Dunes, 105 defined, 621 development of as a result of bottom currents, 216

922 Dustin Island, 378 Glaciation, Antarctic, 8, 12, 546, 735 Early/middle Miocene boundary, defined, 617 continental, 28, 64, 390, 391 East Wind Drift, 379 Miocene, 294 Edsel Ford Ranges, 379 sedimentary model, 732 Eights Coast, 299, 378, 730 Glaciation intensity, relationship to ice rafting, 394 Elastic constants, basalts, 335 Glaciomarine sediments, 127 Ellsworth anomalies, 268, 738 Globigerina edita Zone, 53, 78, 539, 541, 542, 701 , Jurassic intrusives on, 379 G. eugubina Zone, 53, 78, 541, 542 Eltanin Fracture Zone, 10, 63, 197, 203, 222, 223, 266 Globigerinoides trilobus trilobus Zone, 534, 541, 542 Eocene-Oligocene boundary, 819 Globoconcus daubjergensis-Globorotalia pseudobulloides Eucampia balaustium, distribution of, 766 Zone, 541, 542 Faulting, central continental rise, 218 Globorotalia pseudobulloides Zone, 53, 541 Fe/Al ratio in sediments, 429 Gondwanaland, 5, 736 Fe2U3, distribution of, 449 fragmentation of, chronology, 736 Foraminifera, Graded bedding, 371 Bellingshausen region, ecological interpretation, 544 Graham Coast, 298 benthonic, 540, 542, 543 Grain density measurements, methods of, 233 Miocene, 542 Grain size of sediments, 301, 303, 305, 378, 384 Paleocene (Danian), 542 Grain size, method of analyses, 22 Plio-Pleistocene, 541 GRAPE measurements, methods of, 229 Site 322, 37 Grounded ice, 391 Site 323, 78 Halmyrolysis, 329, 500 Site 324, 135, 541 Handling of cores, method of, 16 Site 325, 168, 541 Heave compensator, effect on recovery, 13 Zonation, Heavy minerals, method of analysis, 291 Globigerina edita Zone, 53, 78, 539, 541, 542, 701 Site 322, 292 G. eugubina Zone, 53, 78, 541, 542 Site 323, 293 G. woodi connecta Zone, 534, 541, 542 Site 324, 294 Globigerinoides trilobus trilobus Zone, 534, 541, Site 325, 295 542 source of in Antarctic sediments, 298 Globoconcus daubjergensis-Globo rot alia Helotholus vema Zone (Upsilon Zone), 38, 78, 168, 376, pseudobulloides Zone, 541, 542 531, 532, 569, 570, 572 Globorotalia pseudobulloides Zone, 53, 541 Hemiaulus caracteristicus, new diatom species, 828 Zone N6, 168, 170, 542 H. incisus, new diatom species, 829 Zone N6-N7, 539 Hemidiscus karstenii Partial-Range Zone, defined, 618 Zone N7, 168, 170, 542 H. karstenii Zone, 608 Zone N9, 82 Hero Fracture Zone, 9, 197, 199, 266, 285, 727 Zone N10, 82, 532 High-latitude biostratigraphy, 9 Zone N18, 607 Hopper crystals, 330 Foreset bedding, 371 Horizon R, 206, 218, 224 Fracture zones, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 220 Horizon S, 219, 226 Fragilariopsis kerguelensis Zone, 137, 609 Hydrothermal alteration, 404, 432, 479 Gelifraction, 280 Hyperbolated sea floors, 217 Geochemistry, igneous rocks, 77 Ice-rafted material, 11, 12, 30, 141, 163, 360, 371, 373, interstitial water, 74, 76 407, 731, 732, 738 sediments, 34, 73, 132, 427, 432, 435 effects on acoustic character of a sediment, 218 Geologic history of Antarctic region, 736 Ice-rafting, 12, 291 Geologic setting, Site 322, 25 rate of, 376 Site 323, 64 relationship to intensity of glaciation, 394 Site 324, 127 Igneous rocks, geochemistry of, 12, 35, 77, 739 Site 325, 157 petrography, 77 Geology, Antarctica regional, 5 Illite/smectite ratios, 493 Geomorphology, Antarctic Continental Slope and Illite, stability of, 480 Rise, 283 Inclusions in trachyandesites, 352 Antarctic Inner Shield, 280 Interstitial water, chemistry of, 12, 432, 736 Antarctic Outer Shelf, 280, 281 chlorinity, 425 Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 285 potassium content, 425 effect of sea-floor spreading and climate on, 285 procedures, 425 Geophysical survey, Bellingshausen Basin, 251 Site 322, 74, 76, 404, 434 George IV Sound, 298 Site 323, 76, 404, 513 Glacial marine ablation, 279, 280 Site 324, 404 deposition, 280 Site 325, 404 Glacial pulse, early Pliocene, 206 sodium content, 425

923 Interstitial water, Ois depletion of, 422 Model of calcite vein genesis, 502 Site 322, 412 Model of Circum-Antarctic sedimentation, 389 Site 323, 415 Montmorillonite, stability of, 480 Site 324, 418 Nannofossils, calcareous Site 325, 420 biogeography and paleoclimatic implications, 559 Intraplate volcanism, 274 new species, Dictyococcites antarcticus, 561 Instrastratal solution, effects of, 292 paleoclimatic implications, 559 modification of mineral assemblages by, 299 Site 322, 37 Iron enrichment of sediments, Site 322, 432, 437 Site 323, 78, 557, 693 Site 323, 431, 437 Site 324, 135 Isotope analyses, analytical procedures, 497 Site 325, 168, 559, 694 Isotopic changes, basalt, 509 Site 329, 887 Model A, 509 Zonation, Model B, 509 Chiasmolithus danicus Zone (NP3), 53, 78, 559, , 5, 8, 127, 141, 730, 735, 739 560, 701 Jurassic intrusives, Ellsworth Land, 379 Cruciplacolithus tenuis Zone (NP2), 53, 78, 539, K-Ar dating, See: Potassium-argon dating 559, 560, 694, 701 Lamé's constant, 335 Discoaster multiradiatus Zone, 889 Lassiter Coast, 379 Discoaster/Chiasmolithus ratio, 889 Latitudinal distribution, Antarctic diatoms, 758 Markalius astroporus Zone, 78 Laumontite, 471 Zone NP9, 560 description of, 472 Zone NP10 (early Eocene), 560 Layer 2, 266 Zone NP12, 560 Layer 2A, 276 Zone NP18, 885 Bellingshausen Basin, 204 Zone NP19, 885 Line Islands Oceanic Formation, 69, 389 Zone NP22, 885 Lithologic descriptions, Site 322, 9, 29, 285 Naviculopsis biapiculata Zone, defined, 885 Site 323, 11, 66 N. constricta Zone, 887 Site 324, 130 defined, 885 Site 325, 163, 256 N. trispinosa Zone, defined, 885 Lithology correlated with physical properties, 234 Nepheloid layer, 384 with seismic profiles, 241, 244 Bellingshausen Basin, 217 Load casts, 385 New species, Louisville Ridge, 266 Calcisphaerulids, Low-temperature, alteration, See: Halmyrolysis Pithonella antarctica, 702 Lynchnocanoma spongothorax, new Radiolaria species, P. bollU 701 581 P. fusiformis, 112 Magnetic anomalies, 6, 266, 728 P. titanoplax, 701 See also: Specific anomaly name Diatoms, Magnetic lineations, 256, 263 Arachinodiscus schmidtii, 827 Magnetic mineral studies, 321 Archaeosphaeridium armatum, 830 Magnetic properties, 321 Asterolampra schmidtii, 827 Major element analyses, 427 Auliscus gleser, 827 bottom sediment distribution of, 447 Cerataulina praebergonii, 828 Manganese enrichment of sediments, 437 Cerataulus pacißcus, 828 Manganese nodules, 540, 541 Coscinodiscus deformans, 673 Marie Byrd Land, 273, 298 C. spiralis, 826 spreading center, 273 Hemiaulus caracteristicus, 828 Markalius astroporus Zone, 78 H. incisus, 829 Mesocena circulus Subzone, defined, 532, 886 Nitzschia denticuloides, 633 M. diodon, defined, 673 N. donahuensis, 633 Mg/Al ratio in sediments, 429 N. efferans, 633 MgO, bottom sediment distribution of, 447 N. evenescens, 633 Middle/upper Miocene boundary, defined, 617 N. grossepunctata, 633 Mineralogical study of sediments, 403, 404, 465, 467, N. januaria, 634 471, 489 N. maleinterpretaria, 634 Mineralogy of aleuritic fractions, 305, 309 N. pseudokerguelensis, 634 Minor element analyses, 427 N. pus ilia, 634 Miocene, Antarctic environment during, 79, 395, 738 Pararchaeomonas decorata, 830 glaciation, 294, 379 Pseudopodosira marginata, 824 MnO, distribution of, 449 Rhizosolenia interposita, 827 Model A, isotopic changes, 509 R. minima, 635 Model B, isotopic changes, 509 R. oligocaenica, 635

924 Rouxia elongata, 635 Oceanic plate, subduction of, 5 R. isopolica, 635 Off-ridge volcanism, 37 R. oligocaenica, 636 Oligocene, Antarctic environment, 394 Stephanopyxis eocaenica, 824 regional unconformity, S. hyalomarginata, 824 Oligocene-Paleocene stratigraphic hiatus, 86 S. inordinata, 825 Olivine, described, 333 S. longispinosa, 825 Operations summary, Leg 35, 12 S. oamaruensis, 825 Ophiolites, defined, 26 51. oligocaenica, 825 Orogenic cycles, Antarctic region, 5 5. subantarctica, 825 Orosphaerids, 571 Synedra miocenica, 636 Oxidation index, defined, 328 Thalassiosira spinosa, 636 Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of car- T. spumellaroides, 636 bonates, 501 Thalassiothrix primitiva, 631 Oxygen isotope composition, basalt, 502 Triceraspyris coronatus, 580 carbonates, 502 Nannofossils, clay veins, 502 Dictyococcites antarcticus, 561 sediments, 501 Radiolaria, siliceous sediments, 497 Lynchnocanoma spongothorax, 581 vein calcites, 497, 502 Silicoflagellates, Oxygen isotope material balance calculations, 507 Corbisema falklandensis, 891 Oxygen 18 content of pore waters, Leg 35 sites, 509 C glezerae, 892 Oxygen 18 depletion in interstitial waters, 422 C. inermis crenulata, 892 Oxygen 18 values, authigenic carbonates, 497 C. neoparallela, 893 basalt, 497 Dictyocha precarentis, 894 siliceous sediments, 497 Distephanus raupii, 895 Oxygen 18/oxygen 16 ratios, 489 New subspecies, Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, 197, 263, 276 Silicoflagellates, Paleobiogeography, 9 Corbisema disymmetrica angulata, 891 Paleocene Antarctic environment, 394 C. disymmetica communis, 891 Paleocene-Miocene stratigraphic hiatus, 539 C. hastata cunicula, 892 Paleocirculation, Antarctic region, C. hastata globata, 892 Paleoclimate, Antarctica, 9, 535 Dictyocha fibula augusta, 893 Paleoclimatic implications, nannofossils, 559 Nitzschia denticuloides, new diatom species, 633 Paleocurrents, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 535 JV. donahuensis, new diatom species, 633 Paleoecology, relationship to silicoflagellate size, 679 iV. efferans, new diatom species, 633 Paleoenvironment, 734 N. evenescens, new diatom species, 633 Antarctic Continental Margin, 11 iV. grossepunctata, new diatom species, 42 Antarctic Continental Rise, 535 M interfrigidaria Partial-Range Zone, 170, 614 Southeast Pacific Basin, 535 TV. interfrigidaria Zone, 39, 79, 531, 532, 607 Paleogene history, Antarctic region, 737 JV. kerguelensis, variation and distribution of, 764 Paleomagnetic stratigraphy, 616 TV. kerguelensis Zone, 609 Paleontologic summary, Leg 35, 531, 732 iV. maleinterpretaria Partial-Range Zone, defined, Site 322, 531 625 Site 323, 531 N. praeinterfrigidaria Zone, 39, 79, 531, 532, 608 Site 324, 53 N. pseudokerguelensis, new diatom species, 634 Site 325, 534 N. efferans, new diatom species, 633 Paleosedimentation patterns, Bellingshausen Basin, 220 N. januaria, new diatom species, 634 Palmer Cone, 285 N. maleinterpretaria, new diatom species, 625, 634 Palmer Fracture Zone, 727 N. praeinterfrigidaria Partial-Range Zone, 614 Palmer Ridge, 197, 199, 200, 224, 271, 279, 285 N. pusilla, new diatom species, 634 as a barrier to sedimentation, 200, 225 N. pusilla Partial-Range Zone, defined, 625 description of, 268 NPD Zone IX, 607 Pangea, fragmentation of, 736 NPD Zone XIX, 621 Paradictyocha circulus Zone, 679 NPD Zone XVII/XVIII, 608 defined, 673 NPD Zone XX, 608, 621 Pararchaeomonas decorata, new diatom species, 830 NPD Zone XXI, 621 Patterned ground, 280 NPD Zone XXII, 608 Pelagic claystone, 386 NPD Zone XXIII, 621, 625 Peninsula anomalies, 266 NPD Zones XX-XXII, 82 Peru Current, 886 Nunataks, 279 Peter I Island, 216, 341 Oceanic basement, Site 323, 519 basalts, 349 age of, 727 petrochemistry of volcanic rocks, 354

925 structural geology of, 346 Miocene zonation, 569 trachyandesites, 351 Pleistocene zonation, 569 volcanic activity, 343 Pliocene zonation, 569 Petrography, basalt, 330, 332 Saturnalis circularis Zone (Chi Zone), 136, 140, ice-rafted material, 378, 399 522, 534, 569 Phosphorus, distribution of, 449 Spongomelissa dilli Zone, 79, 571 Phosphorus enrichment of sediments, 437 S. dilli-Calocyclas disparidens Zone, 532 Physical properties, method of measuring, 22, 408 Stylotractus universus Zone, 136, 569, 572 correlation with lithology, 234 Tau Zone, 376, 569, 570 correlation with seismic profiles, 241 Theocalyptra bicornis spongothorax Zone, 168, Site 322, 34, 234 378, 534, 569, 573 Site 323, 76, 235 Raphidodiscus marylandicus Partial-Range Zone, 625 Site 324, 132, 237 Reaction series, formation of porcellanite, 517 Site 325, 165, 238 Regional geology, Antarctica, 5 Phytoplankton abundance north of Antarctic Reworking, diatoms, 614 Convergence, 763 Rhizosolenia minima, new diatom species, 635 Pillow basalt, 327 R. interposita, new diatom species, 827 Pithonella antarctica, new calcisphaerulid species, 701 R. oligocaenica, new diatom species, 635 P. bollii, new calcisphaerulid species, 701 R. barboi/Nitzschia kerguelensis Zone, 617 P. fusiformis, new calcisphaerulid species, 712 Rouxia californica Partial-Range Zone, 137, 610 P. titanoplax, new calcisphaerulid species, 701 R. californica Zone, 140 Plagioclase feldspar, described, 330, 333 R. elongata, new diatom species, 635 Pleistocene Antarctic environment, 395 R. isopolica, new diatom species, 635 Pliocene Antarctic region, 739 R. oligocaenica, new diatom species, 636 Pliocene-Pleistocene Antarctic environment, 395 Sandstone, 31 Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary, defined, 617 Saponite, 473 Poisson's Ratio, 335 Saturnalis circularis (Chi Zone), 136, 140, 534, 569, 572 Polar front, northward migration of, 385 Scotia Arc, 5, 25, 218 Polar front zone, 379 Scotia series, 309 Ponded turbidites, 220 Sea-floor spreading effect on geomorphology of Ant- Porcellanite, formation of, 477, 517 arctica, 285 reaction series in the formation of, 517 Seawater temperature, late Cenozoic fluctuations of, Porosity measurements, methods of, 233 734 Postdepositional structures, 165, 386 Sediment accumulation rates, 408, 531 Potassium content of interstitial water, 425 Quaternary, 732 Potassium enrichment of basalts, 736 Site 322, 39, 42, 361, 513, 732 Potassium-argon ages, basalt, 339, 730 Site 323, 42, 82, 366, 371, 395, 411, 544, 732 Potential bottom water temperature, 380 Site 324, 127, 139, 141, 673 Pourquoi Pas Island, 379 Site 325, 12, 70, 285, 373, 614 Primary production, 757 Sediment distribution, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, Productivity patterns, Antarctic region, 200 Pseudopodosira marginata, new diatom species, 824 Sediment dunes, 218 Petrochemistry of volcanic rocks, Peter I Island, Bellingshausen Basin, 207 Pyxilla prolongata Zone, 617 Sediment ponds, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 199 Pyxilla species Partial-Range Zone, 629 Sediment waves, 105 Quartz grain surface textures, environmental indicator, Sedimentary deposits, Leg 35, 730 374 Sedimentary processes, 12, 131 Quaternary, Antarctic region, 739 Sedimentary structures, 371 sediment accumulation rates, 732 cross-bedding,'371 Radiolaria forset bedding, 371 new species, Lynchnocanoma spongothorax, 581 load casts, 385 Site 322, 37, 570 postdepositional, 386 Site 323, 78, 570 size grading, 371 Site 324, 135, 571 syndepositional, 386 Site 325, 168, 572 Sedimentary model, glaciation of Antarctica, 732 systematics, 573 Seismic profiles zonation, correlation with physical properties, 241 Antarctissa conradae Zone, 78, 376, 532, 570, 571 Site 322, 34 A. denticulata Zone, 136, 140, 569, 570 Site 323, 76 Calocyclas disparidens Zone, 79, 571 Site 324, 134 Collosphaerid, 571 Site 325, 166 Heliolithus vema Zone (Upsilon Zone), 38, 78, correlation with lithology, 168, 170, 375, 376, 531, 569, 570, 572 Site 322, 241

926 Site 323, 244 basalt, 330, 331, 405, 436, 514, 519, 729 Site 324, 244 carbonate compensation depth, 386 Site 325, 244 chemistry of sediments, 403, 467 Seismic reflection data, Bransfield Strait, 283 clay mineralogy of sediments, 483 Seismic velocities, basalt, 335 contour current activity, 32 Shackleton Fracture Zone, 197, 266, 285 diagenesis of basal sediments, 514 Shelf channels, 281 diatoms, 38, 605 Si/Al ratio as related to basalt weathering, 516 drilling operations, 9, 28 of sediments, 427, 434 forams, 540, 543 Silica, distribution of, 447 geochemistry of sediments, 34, 432 Siliceous microfossils, Sites 277-283, 817, 818 geologic setting, 25 Siliceous sediments, distribution of, 386 grain size of sediments, 301 oxygen isotope compositions of, 497 heavy minerals, 292 Silicoflagellates igneous rocks, 35 New species interstitial water, 404, 412, 434 Corbisema falklandensis, new species, 891 iron enrichment of sediments, 432, 437 C. glezerae, 892 lithology, 9, 29, 241 C. neoparallela, 893 mineralogy of sediments, 305, 403, 437, 465, 485 Dictyocha precarentis, 894 nannofossils, 37 Distephanus raupii, 895 objectives, 28 New subspecies paleontologic summary, 531 Corbisema disymmetrica angulata, 891 phosphorus enrichment of sediments, 437 C. disymmetrica communis, 891 physical properties, 34, 234 C. hastata cunicula, 892 Radiolaria, 37, 570 C. inermis crenulata, 892 sandstones, 31 C. hastata globulata, 892 sediment accumulation rates, 39, 42, 361, 513, 607, Dictyocha fibula augusta, 893 732 Site 322, 38, 673, 693 sediments, 360 Site 323, 673, 693 seismic profiles, 34 Site 324, 136, 675 Si/Al ratio of sediments, 434 Site 325, 170, 679 silicoflagellates, 38, 673, 693 Site 327, 887 summary and conclusions, 39 Site 328, 887 turbidity current activity, 31, 385 Site 329, 887 volcanism, 274 Site 331, 889 Site 323, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 63 size as related to paleoecological conditions, 679 abyssal-current-controlled sedimentation, 382 systematics, 679, 889 acoustic units, 11 Zonation, 673, 885 authigenic calcite, 366 Actinocyclus ingens Zone, 140 basal sediments, diagenesis of, 517 Corbisema triacantha Zone, 532, 674 basalt, 332, 333, 436, 502, 518, 519 Dictyocha aculeata Zone, defined, 887 bulk X-ray mineralogy of sediments, 489 D. aspera Zone, defined, 673 carbonate compensation depth, 539 D. deflandrei Zone, defined, 885 cherts, 364 D. fibula Zone, defined, 532 clay mineralogy, 480, 493 D. mutabilis Zone, defined, 532, 675 claystone, 518 D. pseudofibula Zone, 679 contourites, 73 Distephanus boliviensis boliviensis Zone, defined, Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, 78 886 crustal age, 77, 332 D. boliviensis Zone, 136, 140, 170, 532, 675, 679 depositional environment, 459 defined, 673 diatom, 79, 673 D. longispinus Zone, defined, 673 drilling operations, 19, 66 D. speculum speculum Zone, defined, 886 foraminifera, 78, 541, 542, 543 D. speculum Zone, 693 geochemistry of sediments, 73, 427 Mesocena circulus Subzone, defined, 532, 886 geologic setting, 64 M. diodon Zone, defined, 673 grain size of sediments, 301 Naviculopsis biapiculata Zone, defined, 885 heavy minerals, 293 N. constricta Zone, 885, 887 hydrothermal alteration of sediments, 432 N. trispinosa Zone, defined, 885 ice-rafted material, 362, 376 Paradictyocha circulus Zone, 679 igneous rocks, 77 defined, 673 interstitial water chemistry, 74, 404, 415, 432, 510, Site 322, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, 25 513 abyssal-current-controlled sedimentation, 381 iron enrichment of sediments, 431, 437 age of crust, 329 lithologic units, 11, 66

927 lithology correlated with seismic profiles, 244 magnetic lineations, 256 manganese enrichment of sediments, 437 mineralogy of sediments, 309, 404, 467 mineralogy of sediments, 305, 403, 485, 489 nannofossils, 168, 559, 560, 694 nannofossils, 78, 557, 693 paleontologic summary, 534 objectives, 64 physical properties, 165, 238 oceanic basement, 519 Radiolaria, 168 O18/O16 ratios, 489 sediments, 404, 435 paleontologic summary, 531 sediment accumulation rate, 12, 170, 205, 373, 614 phosphorus enrichment of sediments, 437 seismic profiles, 166 physical properties, 76, 235 silicoflagellates, 160, 679 porcellanite, 517 sonobuoy profile, 251 Radiolaria, 78, 570 topography, 251 sediments, 362, 404 turbidite deposition, 385 sediment accumulation rates, 82, 386, 371, 395, 411, slumping, 386 513, 544, 732 sodium content, interstitial water, 425 seismic profiles, 76 solidification index, 328, 333 silicoflagellates, 673, 693 solifluction, 280 stratigraphic hiatus, 366, 384, 408, 541 sonic velocity measurements, methods, 229 summary and conclusions, 82 sonobuoy measurements, 203 turbidite deposition, 385 profile, Site 325, 251 Site 324, Antarctic Continental Rise, 127 profile, Site 322, 34 abyssal-current-controlled sedimentation, 127 South America, sediment derived from, 200 biostratigraphy, 135 South Pacific, spreading centers, 263 clay mineralogy of sediments, 484 South Shetland Island, 279, 379 contourites, 132 South Shetland Trench, 197, 199 diatom, 137, 608 South Shetland Trough, 285 drilling operations, 11, 128 Southeast Pacific, carbonate compensation depth, 447 foraminifera, 135, 541 bottom circulation development, 385 geologic setting, 127 paleoenvironment, 535 grain-size data, 303, 378, 384 Spongomelissa dilli-Calocyclas disparidens Zone, 532 heavy minerals, 294, 401 Spreading center, Marie Byrd Land, 273 ice-rafted material, 140, 376, 378, 379 South Pacific, 263 interstitial water chemistry, 404, 418 Stephanopyxis eocaenica, new diatom species, 824 lithologic description, 130, 244 S. hyalomarginata, new diatom species, 824 magnetic properties, 321 S. inordinata, new diatom species, 825 mineralogy of sediments, 309, 404 S. longispinosa, new diatom species, 825 nannofossils, 135 S. oamaruensis, new diatom species, 825 objectives, 128 S. oligocaenica, new diatom species, 825 paleontologic summary, 53 S. subantarctica, new diatom species, 825 physical properties, 132, 237 stratigraphic hiatus, 408 Radiolaria, 135, 571 Oligocene-Paleocene, 86 sediment accumulation rates, 127, 139, 141, 673 Paleocene-Miocene, 539 sedimentation processes, 131 Site 323, 366, 384, 408, 541 sediments, 132, 371 strontium, dissolved, 411 seismic profiles, correlated with lithology, 134, 244 Stylatractus universus Zone, 136, 569, 572 silicoflagellates, 136, 675 subduction, Antarctic Peninsula, 285 summary and conclusions, 139 Aluk Ridge, 222, 224 thermomagnetic studies, 321 Aluk plate, 285 Site 325, Antarctic Continental Rise, 157 oceanic crust, 219 abyssal-current-controlled sedimentation, 384 oceanic plate, biostratigraphy, 167 Submarine alteration, basalt, 495, 502, 518, 730 conglomerates, 373 volcanics, 465 diatom, 170, 613 Submarine canyons, 284 drilling results, 11 Submarine channels, 105 foraminifera, 168, 542 Submarine morphologic provinces, 725 geologic setting, 157 Subtropical convergence, 757 grain-size analyses, 305, 378 Sulfate reduction, 418 heavy minerals, 295 Surface water temperatures, Antarctic region, 734 ice-rafted material, 378, 379 Survey data, methods of collecting, 15 interstitial water chemistry, 404, 420, 512 Syndepositional sedimentary structures, 175, 171, 386 layer 2, 251 Synedra miocenica, new diatom species, 636 lithologic description, 163, 256 Systematics, Bolboforma, 713 lithology correlated with seismic profiles, 244 calcisphaerulids, 701

928 diatoms, 629, 819 Turbidite deposition, 385, 732 Radiolaria, 573 Turbidity currents, 12, 31, 73, 105, 127, 291, 384, 390, silicoflagellates, 679, 889 395, 480, 730 Tau Radiolaria Zone, 376, 532, 569, 570 channels, 253 Tectonic pattern, Antarctic continental margin, 286 U-shaped valleys, 198, 391 Temperature of seawater, late Cenozoic fluctuations, Unconformity, Ohgocene regional, 28 734 Underway data, methods of collecting, 15 Terrigenous material source, Leg 35 sediments, 730 Upsilon Zone, 38, 170, 375, 570 Thalassiosira gracilis, variation and distribution, 764 Upwelling area, 764 T. spinosa, new diatom species, 636 Vein calcites, oxygen isotopic composition of, 502 T. spumellaroides, new diatom species, 636 Velocity anisotropy, 239 T. spumellaroides Partial-Range Zone, 625 Volcanic activity, Peter I Island, 343 Thalassiothrix primitiva, new diatom species, 637 Volcanic rocks, Peter I Island, 354 Theocalyptra bicomis spongothorax Zone, 168, 378, 534, alteration of, 465 569, 573 Volcanism, Antarctica, 273 Thermomagnetic studies, 321 Deception Island, 197 , 5, 378, 379 Off-ridge, 37 Tiθ2, distribution of, 449 Volcanogenic material, alteration products, 500 Tonga-Kermadec Trench, Water content measurements, methods of, 233 Trace elements, distribution of in Leg 35 sediments, 451 , 8, 216, 380 Trachyandesites, inclusions in, 352 Wilkes Abyssal Plain, 732 Peter I Island, 351 Wilkins Ice Shelf, 279 Transition metal distribution, Site 323, 471 Wordie Ice Shelf, 279 Triceraspyris coronatus, new Radiolaria species, 580 X-ray mineralogy, 17, 747 Trinity Peninsula Series, 378, 379 Young's Modulus, 335 Tula Fracture Zone, 105, 197, 220, 268, 727, 738 Zoophycos, 69, 366

929