DOCSLIB.ORG

Tiny Homes: a Step Forwards Or Backwards in Solving Homelessness? Perspectives from USA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tiny Homes: a Step Forwards Or Backwards in Solving Homelessness? Perspectives from USA Tiny Homes: A Step Forwards or Backwards in Solving Homelessness? Perspectives from USA Barbara Poppe Barbara Poppe and Associates Overview • Growing movement in U.S. • Clarifying purpose • Considerations for development and operations • Assessing benefits v. costs • Closing thoughts https://dignityvillage.org Dignity Village is longest-existing, continually operating, city-sanctioned Homeless Village in the United States • An intentional community for the homeless; welcome couples and pets to foster the dignity that comes with making your own choice about who stays with you. • City of Portland-owned land; shares the lot with the municipal leaf composting facility. • Cross between a transitional housing option and an intentional community; a limit of two years per person with extensions for Villagers in leadership positions and working to move out. • Each residence comes with a bed and a propane heater - no power or running water. There are two shared sinks, one shower for the whole Village, and several port-a- lets. • Self-funded through resident contributions, private donations, and micro-business. Pinellas Hope assist the homeless with 250 units of emergency shelter and 156 subsidized efficiency apartment units located in Clearwater (Pinellas Park) on the over 20 acres of land provided by Diocese of St. Petersburg in 2007. Pinellas Hope was established to serve street homeless adults by providing temporary emergency shelter. Residents are assisted with food, transportation, employment assistance and social services New: Pinellas Hope is repurposing 50 shipping containers into sleeping quarters for 150 residents. The 20-foot long steel containers are re-configured into three separate (56 sq. ft.) “Certified for Habitation” living spaces. A multi- level improvement over existing tents, these individual sleeping rooms provide: • Safety: Built to withstand Category 4 Hurricane winds (Miami-Dade building code) • Privacy: Individual room, lockable steel door with security peephole, and exterior light • Comfort: Air conditioned space, bed , LED (night) light, window (for natural light), bug-free http://pinellashope.org Community First! Village is a 27-acre master planned community that provides affordable, permanent housing and a supportive community for the disabled, chronically homeless in Central Texas. A development of Mobile Loaves & Fishes, this transformative residential program exists to love and serve our neighbors who have been living on the streets, while also empowering the surrounding community into a lifestyle of service with the homeless. https://mlf.org/community-first/ https://www.huduser.gov/portal/pdredge/pdr-edge-inpractice-040317.html The BLOCK Project Approach: Seattle, WA Integrated: The BLOCK Project allows people to heal within the embrace of community. By surveying hosts, blocks, and residents regarding their strengths, passions, hobbies, and needs; the BLOCK Project will cultivate communities where everyone in the neighborhood has a fuller, happier, more connected life. Dignified: Our built environment shapes who we are and how we live. BLOCK Project homes have a cutting-edge design and are fully self- sufficient, with kitchen, bathroom, sleeping area, and storage. Sustainable: The construction of off-grid homes on abundant residential property represents a financially and environmentally sustainable solution. •Kitchen, bathroom, sleeping and living area, storage, & porch •Solar panels for all power needs •On-site water catchment & filtration •Greywater disposal system •Composting toilet http://the-block-project.org/home/ What is the purpose of the Tiny Home as a type of intervention on continuum of care for people who experience homelessness? ➢ Emergency (temporary) shelter? ➢ Bridge (interim) housing? ➢ Transitional housing? ➢ Permanent housing? What population will be served? ➢ Adults and couples? ➢ Families with children? ➢ Chronic homelessness? Where will Tiny Homes be located? ➢ Vacant land within city? ➢ Rural setting? ➢ Backyards of homeowners? What is intended timeframe for the Tiny Home to be located at the site? ➢ Time-limited? ➢ Permanent? What is the organizational framework? ➢ Sober living? ➢ Housing First? ➢ Peer-run? ➢ Intentional community? ➢ Part of community response system or alternative/independent response? What is the services model? ➢ No services? ➢ Peer supports? ➢ Onsite case management by outside agency? ➢ Referrals to community organizations? How will basic needs be met? ➢ Water, power, heat and sanitation ➢ Food preparation and storage ➢ Safety and security Other considerations? ➢ Amenities, e.g. playground, recreational space, community gardens ➢ Resident paid fees or free ➢ Resident due process protections from eviction ➢ Admission criteria, e.g. criminal histories, credit checks, etc. ➢ Onsite use of illegal substances U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness 1) Will the tiny homes you are considering provide a home-like environment and meet housing quality standards? 2) Do tiny homes provide a living environment that a potential resident would choose? 3) What role will tiny homes play within your systemic efforts to end homelessness? 4) Are tiny home developments the best use of financial and land resources? 5) How will the tiny homes be appropriately integrated into the community? https://www.usich.gov/news/asking-the-right-questions-about-tiny-houses Closing thoughts…if you do tiny homes for people who experience homelessness then it must: ✓ Be voluntary choice among other options (not the only option) ✓ Meet all basic human needs ✓ Be humane, dignified and non-stigmatizing ✓ Provide resident privacy protections and due process ✓ Provide highest and best use for land ✓ All-in costs must be considered ✓ Offer pathway to mainstream housing and length of stay is flexible not fixed ✓ Be developed and designed inclusively with residents ✓ STAY LASER-FOCUSED ON PERMANENT HOUSING Barbara Poppe Columbus, Ohio [email protected] www.poppeassociates.com.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • HOMELESSNESS in PORTLAND: a Meta-Analysis and Recommendations for Success
    HOMELESSNESS IN PORTLAND: A Meta-analysis and Recommendations for Success Published MAY 2019 The Citizens Crime Commission of Portland is the leading voice of public safety. We are a non-profit organization dedicated to mobilizing business leaders and citizens to reduce crime, improve civility, and strengthen communities. Our efforts are driven by four core initiatives: Uniting Leaders, Better Justice Systems, Looking Beyond the Symptoms, and Business Security. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 FINDING AND RECOMMENDATION NO. 1 6 DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION 6 INCARCERATION 7 FOSTER CARE 8 LOW-INCOME HOUSING POLICY 9 FINDING AND RECOMMENDATION NO. 2 13 WHO ARE THE HOMELESS? 13 WHAT IS BEING DONE? 16 FINDING AND RECOMMENDATION NO. 3 21 FINDING AND RECOMMENDATION NO. 4 23 FINDING AND RECOMMENDATION NO. 5 26 FINDING AND RECOMMENDATION NO. 6 28 VILLAGES: AN INTERIM SOLUTION TO PORTLAND’S CRISIS OF HOMELESSNESS? 30 FINDING AND RECOMMENDATION NO. 7 33 THE PROMISE OF HEALTH CARE REFORM 36 FUNDING THE SUPPORTIVE COMPONENT OF PERMANENT SUPPORTIVE HOUSING 37 APPENDIX 1: INTERVIEWEES AND MEETINGS ATTENDED 39 APPENDIX 2: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM OTHER REPORTS 40 APPENDIX 3: BIBLIOGRAPHY 45 This report has been produced by the Citizens Crime Commission. The view and opinions in this report do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of the individual members of the Crime Commission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There have been any number of reports on homelessness nationally, regionally and here in Portland regarding the scope and scale of the challenge before us, and many excellent recommendations for how to successfully address the homelessness crisis. In keeping with the tradition of the Citizens Crime Commission, we have attempted herein to present a well-researched study that offers cost-effective recommendations for system improvement/ enhance- ment.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 Annual Report
    2014 Annual Report www.joinpdx.org 503.232.7052 Dear Friend & Supporter, Letter Relationship and community…. from the Director these are words you will hear often at JOIN. I have had the privilege of being a part of the JOIN communi- ty for 7 years—fi rst as a community partner, then as a Board member, later a staff member, and now as the 2015 Board of Directors Executive Director. Chris Bonner, President There is one story that brings home the point of what JOIN really Hasson Company means about building relationships and cultivating community. John and I fi rst met when I was working at JOIN’s Basic Service Margaret Bryant, Vice President Center, or what we call the “House.” He had been sleeping outside Bryant Garcia Benefi t Consultants for several years, coming to JOIN for basic needs like showers, a locker to store his belongings, and community. I would often fi nd Nathan BeaƩ y, Treasurer him in the House playing dominoes, or using one of our computers Umpqua Bank to check apartment availability or connect with his family on face- book. Anna Plumb, Secretary Multnomah County John’s life has been fi lled with struggles and what he calls “bad choices.” He has a history of addiction and many encounters with Fineke Brasser law enforcement. He has children and grand-children he hasn’t Community Volunteer seen in person for years. John also has a college education, a his- tory of well-paying and high power jobs, and beautiful stories of Russ Campbell friendships and family events.
    [Show full text]
  • Dignity Village Contract L2-13 Page I Of22- ¡Evised I0/19/12 L Scope of Services the Contractor Shall Provide the Following Services
    OIÌDINANCB No. Authorize contract with Dignity Village to manage transitional housing campground at Sunderland Yard (Ordirlance; Contract No. 32000680) The City of Portland ordains: Section l. 'fhe Council finds: 1 . I-he City of Portland has designated a portion of property owned by the City, commonly known as Sunderland Yard, located at9325 NE Sunderland Road, Tax Lot 100 1NlE12B (Tax Account R-3 15 196), as a campground under the terms of ORS 446.265. Resolutio¡ No. 36200, passed February 26, 2004. 2. Dignity Village is an Oregon non-profit corporation, formed for the purpose of developing alternative approaches to addressing homelessltess. Local religious organizations, schools, philanthropists, architects, and others have contributed to helping Dignity Village with its alternatives. Representatives from Dignity Village have worked with architects to develop transitional housing structures to comply with the requirements of Oregon law. 3. The City ol'Portland desires to have someone provide management services for the designated transitional housing campground at Sunderland Yard. Dignity Village is willing to continue providing this management service. Dignity Village will provide a unique and coordinated services program, as developed by Dignity Village. There is no other potential provider for the range of services with the experience, expertise, and capability of Dignity Village. It therefore is appropriate for the City to contract with Dignity Village for continued provision of management services for the designated campground at Sunderland Yard. 4. In providing management services for the transitional housing campground, Dignity Village will provide a supportive environment to address the issues that led residents to becoming homeless and will seek to offer residents with job training opportunities, continuing education opportunities, healthcare, and housing placement assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Visit Andrew's Websites
    Homeless Housing Alternatives “From Self-Organized Camps to Tiny House Villages” Andrew Heben Forum in Humboldt County Saturday, November 15, 2014 (11am to 3pm) Eureka Woman’s Club-1531 J Street Tent City Urbanism “From Self-Organized Camps to Tiny House Villages” explores the intersection of the "tiny house movement" and tent cities organized by the homeless to present an accessible and sustainable housing paradigm that can improve the quality of life for everyone. While tent cities tend to evoke either sympathy or disgust, the author finds such informal settlements actually address many of the shortfalls of more formal responses to homelessness. Tent cities often exemplify self-management, direct democracy, tolerance, mutual aid, and resourceful strategies for living with less. This book presents a vision for how cities can constructively build upon these positive dynamics rather than continuing to seek evictions and pay the high costs of policing homelessness. The tiny house village provides a path forward to transitional and affordable housing within the grasp of a local community. It offers a bottom-up approach to the provision of shelter that is economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable—both for the individual and the city. The concept was first pioneered by Portland's Dignity Village, and has since been re-imagined by Eugene's Join Us in Creating These New Opportunity Village and Olympia's Quixote Village. Now this innovative model has emerged from the Northwest to inspire projects in Madison, Austin, and Community Based Alternatives Ithaca, and is being pursued by advocacy groups throughout the country. AHHA-HumCo Andrew Heben is an urban planner, writer, and tiny house builder based in Affordable Homeless Housing Alternatives Eugene, Oregon.
    [Show full text]
  • Town Hall #1 Event Summary
    Comprehensive Plan Town Hall #1 Event Summary Overview The first of three Milwaukie Comprehensive Plan Update town halls took place on April 4, 2018 in the Waldorf School gymnasium. Around 120 community members participated in the event. The town hall began with introductory presentations followed by small-group discussions on the four policy areas under review in Block 1: • Economic development • Urban growth management • History, arts and culture • Community engagement Simultaneous translation was offered for Spanish-speaking community members, and one breakout group was conducted in Spanish. Before the event adjourned, representatives from the community and Comprehensive Plan Advisory Committee (CPAC) reported out one “big idea” from each breakout table. In addition to the small group discussions, attendees had the opportunity to provide feedback on all four topics through a comment form. In total, the city received 25 comment forms. Welcome and introductory remarks The town hall began with introductory remarks by Mayor Mark Gamba. He thanked attendees for taking part in this important effort, which continues the work begun through the community visioning process. Mayor Gamba explained that the adoption of an updated Comprehensive Plan is a crucial step toward realizing Milwaukie’s Community Vision. Planning Director Denny Egner provided an overview of the comprehensive planning process. Denny explained the Comprehensive Plan includes policies, maps and ancillary plans that reflect and are consistent with Milwaukie’s Vision and Action Plan, state and regional goals, and community input. The plan is implemented through development and zoning codes as well as through city projects and programs. Topic-specific feedback Notetakers from all 13 breakout discussions recorded feedback on flip charts during the event.
    [Show full text]
  • Community in Property: Lessons from Tiny Homes Villages
    COMMUNITY IN PROPERTY: LESSONS FROM TINY HOMES VILLAGES Lisa T. Alexander* The evolving role of community in property law remains undertheorized. While legal scholars have analyzed the commons, common interest communities, and aspects of the sharing economy, the recent rise of intentional co-housing communities remains relatively understudied. This Article provides a case study of tiny homes villages for the homeless and unhoused, as examples of communities that highlight the growing importance of flexibility and community in contemporary property law. These communities develop new housing tenures and property relationships that challenge the predominance of individualized, exclusionary, long-term, fee simple-ownership in contemporary property law. The villages, therefore, demonstrate property theories that challenge the hegemony of ownership in property law, such as progressive property theory, property as personhood theory, access versus ownership theories, stewardship, and urban commons theories in action. The property forms and relationships these villages create not only ameliorate homelessness, but also illustrate how communal relationships can provide more stability than ownership during times of uncertainty. Due to increasing natural disasters and other unpredictable phenomena, municipalities may find these property forms adaptable and, therefore, useful in mitigating increasing housing insecurity and instability. This case study also provides examples of successful stakeholder collaboration between groups that often conflict in urban redevelopment. These insights reveal a new role for community in property law, and are instructive for American governance and property law and theory. *Copyright © 2019 by Lisa T. Alexander, Professor of Law, Texas A&M University School of Law, with Joint Appointment in Texas A&M University’s Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning.
    [Show full text]
  • The Oregonian It Brings a Village
    The Oregonian It brings a village By Amanda Waldroupe, Thacher Schmid, and Camela Raymon June 12, 2017 For years, a graveled lot directly north of Kenton Park in North Portland's Kenton neighborhood, sat vacant. But on June 5, a work crew arrived on North Argyle Street to begin transforming the empty site, roughly an acre in size, into Kenton Women's Village, a temporary intentional community the likes of which the city has never seen. A half-dozen neighborhood residents spread across an adjacent southern slope. Some tore out invasive blackberries and other weeds; others used picks and shovels to clear way for a staircase that would connect the lot to Argyle Street. Three small bulldozers zipped around the site, delivering piles of dirt and gravel and leveling the packed ground. Standing in the middle of the lot, Margi Dechenne, program manager of the housing transitions program of Catholic Charities of Oregon, watched a truck hauling two small shipping containers pull into the lot. "Oh good," she said, "the restrooms are here." Debbie Haskett, a 55-year old-woman who has been homeless for eight years, walked to the far end of the lot where 14 "sleeping pods," super-tiny homes approximately 96 square feet each, stood in an oblong semi-circle. Haskett, one of 14 homeless women chosen to occupy the structures, was deciding where to live. She chose a pod at the far end of the semi-circle that was painted black and turquoise. "Turquoise is my birthstone," she said. She rubbed her hands together at the thought of a home, however small, that she could claim as her own.
    [Show full text]
  • Tent Cities: an Interim Solution to Homelessness and Affordable Housing Shortages in the United States
    Tent Cities: An Interim Solution to Homelessness and Affordable Housing Shortages in the United States Zoe Loftus-Farren* Tents cities have reemerged in the public view as a result of economic depression and the housing crisis in recent years. Despite the growing number of tent cities and their homeless residents, these encampments have received almost no academic attention or analysis. This Comment seeks to open the dialogue on tent cities in the context of informal housing law and policy in the United States. In doing so, it provides background on homelessness, informal housing, and tent cities, explores the benefits derivedfrom tent cities both for encampment residents andfor local government actors, and also considers the ethical and legal constraints associated with homeless encampments. The Comment then explores innovative government responses that have allowed tent cities to survive and sometimes thrive. Finally, the Comment proposes several ways in which tent cities can be acknowledged, addressed and improved. The complicatedsocial andpolitical context in which tent cities exist, and the substandard conditions that many tent city residents endure, underscore the immediacy of the issue, and the importance of addressing encampments in a coherent, cohesive, and compassionate manner. Introduction..................................... ...... 1038 I. Background ............................................ 1042 A. Economic Crisis and Homelessness .................... 1044 B. Homelessness and Tent Cities .................. ..... 1045 C. Informal Housing in the United States............. ..... 1046 II. Benefits Derived from Tent Cities ..................................1050 Copyright © 2011 California Law Review, Inc. California Law Review, Inc. (CLR) is a California nonprofit corporation. CLR and the authors are solely responsible for the content of their publications. * J.D., University of California, Berkeley, 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Dignity Village
    The Source Capital Campaign The Administrative Building and Dignity Village Dignity Village a life, a family, a community… History The Source was founded in 1995 as a The ministry has a policy & Christian ministry in a 600-square procedures manual, by-laws, foot storefront in Osceola Plaza in statement of faith, and corporate downtown Vero Beach. Later, it charter. The board sets policy, while moved into larger quarters on the day to day operations are the Commerce Avenue, and today is responsibility of the executive based in a 5,000 square foot service director, who supervises a staff of 10 center at the south end of Commerce full-time employees and two who Avenue, one block west of U.S. 1. work part-time. The organization works alongside In 2016, The Source’s staff, board non-profits, ministries, businesses, and stakeholders compiled a strategic and governmental agencies to plan for the agency, with specific provide support and ultimately help goals and challenges spelled out for the poor and homeless lift themselves the coming five years. The goals out of poverty. The Source has included helping clients make worked hard to establish its future spiritual change by exposing them to success. A strong Board of God’s word through the Scriptures; Directors, made up of 10 diverse offering nutritious food to clients as members of the community, leads the well as a culinary course called organization. The members serve Dining with Dignity that would train without compensation and each one them for restaurant jobs; and contributes to The Source financially providing help with personal hygiene as well as with gifts of their time and by offering hot showers, personal talents.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Dignity Village
    AN EVALUATION OF DIGNITY VILLAGE February 2010 Prepared by Kristina Smock Consulting for the Portland Housing Bureau TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Executive Summary p. 3 II. Introduction p. 5 III. Dignity Village’s Mission p. 7 IV. Dignity Village’s Residents p. 8 V. Overall Assessment of Dignity Village’s Performance p. 10 VI. Evaluation of Specific Contract Components p. 11 1. Physical Development and Maintenance p. 12 2. Transitioning Residents into Permanent Housing p. 13 3. Self-Management p. 15 4. Financial Self-Sufficiency p. 17 5. Access to Services p. 19 6. Safety and Sanitation p. 20 7. Reports to the City p. 21 VII. Analysis of the Village’s Costs p. 22 VIII. Comparisons to Other Homeless Service Models p. 24 IX. Impact on the Neighborhood p. 26 X. Recommendations p. 27 XI. Appendix p. 31 The Future of Dignity Village p. 31 Specific Recommended Changes to Contract Language p. 33 Acknowledgements p. 34 This report was prepared by Kristina Smock Consulting on behalf of the Portland Housing Bureau. Kris Smock, Ph.D. is an independent consultant who works with non-profits and local governments in the areas of homelessness, affordable housing, community building, and public policy. Recent related consulting projects include coordination and analysis of the 2009 Portland/ Multnomah County Homeless Street Count for the Bureau of Housing and Community Development (2009), an evaluation of the Homeless Youth Continuum for Meyer Memorial Trust (2008), an analysis of what it will take to implement the Permanent Supportive Housing goals in the 10 Year Plan to End Homelessness for the Community Development Network (2007), and a critical review of the available data on homelessness in Portland/ Multnomah County for the Citizen’s Commission on Homelessness (2004).
    [Show full text]
  • The FREE Monthly for London's Homeless December 2011
    The FREE monthly for London’s homeless December 2011 2 / The Pavement, December 2011 The Pavement, December 2011 / 3 www.thepavement.org.uk The Editor Issue 67 / London / December 2011 Published by The Christmas issue, but… The Pavement Registered Charity Number 1110656 This issue has to last you until 6 February 2012, as we take one of our two annual publishing breaks in January. So, although PO Box 60385 it has a few festive themes, we hope it will keep fresh well past London 25 December. While we’re not in print, we’ll post updates and WC1A 9BH Telephone: 020 7833 0050 breaking stories online at www.thepavement.org.uk. E-mail: [email protected] We don’t know what the weather holds, but don’t be shy of the winter shelters (see The List), and if SWEP (see page 11) is initiated, get inside fast. Editor-in-Chief Merry Christmas, and all the best for the New Year. Richard Burdett Richard Burdett News Editor Editor Amy Hopkins [email protected] Web Editor twitter.com/ThePavementMag Val Stevenson • Updated as changes come in, you can find a pdf Reporters list of London’s winter shelters online at: John Ashmore, Emma Batrick www.thepavement.org.uk/pdfs/Winter2011-12.pdf Lizzie Cernik, Dearbhla Crosse Rebecca Evans, Katharine Hibbert Jim O’Reilly, Jo O’Reilly Carinya Sharples Photographers Rufus Exton, Katie Hyams Contributors Susie Rathie, Toe Slayer, Evelyn Weir Cartoonists Contents Nick Baker, Neil Bennett, Cluff, Pete Dredge, Kathryn Lamb, Ed McLachlan, News Pages Ken Pyne, Steve Way, Mike Williams Artists/Designers A rubbish way to die 4 Mike Donaldson, Lo Parkin Simon’s new service 7 Missing People 8 Printed by The names 8–9 Evon Print Ltd, West Sussex News-in-brief 11–20 www.evonprint.co.uk Homeless city guide 12 The Pavement is written for your entertainment and information.
    [Show full text]
  • Addressing Homeless Encampments on Public Right-Of-Way: a Knowledge Transfer Project
    Portland State University PDXScholar Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban Studies and Publications and Presentations Planning 9-2013 Addressing Homeless Encampments on Public Right-of-Way: A Knowledge Transfer Project Andrée Tremoulet Portland State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/usp_fac Part of the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Tremoulet, A., Addressing Homeless Encampments on Public Right-of-Way: A Knowledge Transfer Project. OTREC-SS-731. Portland, OR: Transportation Research and Education Center (TREC), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.137 This Report is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. OREGON TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND OTREC EDUCATION CONSORTIUM FINAL REPORT A National University Transportation Center sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Research and Innovative Technology Administration ADDRESSING HOMELESS ENCAMPMENTS ON PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY A KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER PROJECT Final Report OTREC by Andrée Tremoulet, Ph.D. Portland State University for Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium (OTREC) P.O. Box 751 Portland, OR 97207 September 2013 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date September 30, 2013 Addressing Homeless Encampments on Public Right-of-Way: A Knowledge Transfer Project 6.
    [Show full text]