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(Invertebrate) Fauna Around Digha Coast ISSN 0375-1511341

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(Invertebrate) Fauna Around Digha Coast ISSN 0375-1511341 YENNAWAR AND TUDU: Study of Macro-Benthic (Invertebrate) fauna around Digha Coast ISSN 0375-1511341 Rec. zool. Surv. India : 114(Part-2) : 341-356, 2014 STUDY OF MACRO-BENTHIC (INVERTEBRATE) FAUNA AROUND DIGHA COAST PRASANNA YENNAWAR AND PRASAD TUDU Marine Aquarium & Regional Center, Zoological Survey of India, Digha 721 428 West Bengal INTRODUCTION restricted to either few areas or few groups (Ref). However, there is no baseline information The organisms that live on, or in, the bottom available for Digha coast in West Bengal. Few of a water body with >1.0mm size are known as studies on marine biodiversity of Digha coast as macrobenthic organisms which mainly consists of well as surrounding coastal area were carried out different invertebrates viz., molluscs, cnidarians, in the past (Goswami, 1992, Subba Rao, et al., crustaceans, sponges, worms, etc. Benthic 1992; Talukdar et al., 1996, Ramkrishna et al., invertebrates play an important role in transitional 2003). Keeping view of these studies, the study ecosystems, by fi ltering phytoplankton and then was planned to evaluate the the recent population acting as a food source for larger organisms such and distribution of macrobenthic invertebrates as fi sh, thereby linking primary production with around Digha coast. higher trophic levels. They also structure and oxygenate the bottom by reworking sediments MATERIALS AND METHODS and play a fundamental role in breaking down The study area: Digha beach is situated close to organic material before bacterial remineralization. the Gangetic mouths on the northern east coast of In addition, a number of benthic invertebrates, India where the sea is quite shallow with very little particularly bivalves, are also consumed by wave action and large intertidal expanses. Digha humans and others, such as worms, are used and the surrounding coastal area are with variable for recreational purposes as fi shing bait. They are often used as biological indicators because they can provide information on environmental conditions either due to the sensitivity of single species (indicator species) or because of some general feature that makes them integrate environmental signals over a long period of time. Due to habitat loss, overexploitation and impact of various anthropogenic pressures, the macrobenthic invertebrates are under continuous threats and which may impact on higher group of animals. Few studies on macro-benthic fauna of Fig. 1. A map showing study locations around India are available (Ref). Many of these studies Digha coast. 342 Rec. zool. Surv. India habitats. The coastline, here, is straight and the 14 % followed by Cnidaria with 4 %. However, beach is fl at and compact. The beach is made up Annelids, Brachiopods & Echinoderms contributes of sand grains mixed with variable proportions of only 1% of total faunal composition. silt and which makes it very compact. The different study locations in the present study were Talsari, Udaipore, Digha, Mohana & Shankarpur. These Cnidaria Annelida fi ve locations are having different type of habitats Brachiopoda which was represented through dominance of Arthropoda various species. The beach slope is shore is very Gastropoda Bivalvia gradual upto the low water mark. Echinodermata Sampling: The study was carried out during August, 2008 to September, 2010 and the examples of benthic invertebrate representing various groups Fig. 2. Composition of major marine benthic invertebrate were collected from different habitats. Standard groups. sampling techniques were employed at different The diversity of macro-benthic fauna among study locations using line transects and quadrates all the study locations during the study period in different zones. The sampling protocol were was given in Table 2. There were a total of 141 designed using the techniques of beach profi les species under different groups were recorded by Emery, 1961. Generally, the collection of from 88 genera and 52 families. The group-wise benthic animals were done at the time of low contribution shows that Phylum Mollusca was tide, however, fi sh catches at the time beach trawl most abundant among all the study location. It operation were also monitored for the collection has recorded 106 species from 32 families. of sessile invertebrates. The macrobenthic fauna The further division of this groups shows that collections were preserved in 70% alcohol mixed Bivalvia contributes 79 species from 16 families with 3% of formalin. and gastropods contributed 27 species from 16 families. Among the most abundant group i.e. RESULTS bivalve, family Veneriidae was observed to be Composition of marine benthic invertebrate most diverse with 19 species from 10 genera. The groups: The overall comparison of all the marine other diverse families in bivalves were family benthic invertebrate groups recorded during the Mactriidae with 13 species from 4 genera and study at different study locations are represented family Tellinidae with 12 species from 4 genera. in the Fig. 2. The comparison of benthic faunal The second most abundant group among the benthic group shows that the mollusc contributes the major fauna during the study was observed as Phylum part in the marine benthic fauna around Digha Arthropoda which contributed 21 species from 11 coast. Among molluscs, the bivalve shared 58 % families. Further division of faunal composition and gastropods 21 %. The overall contribution was contributed by Phylum Cnidaria with 7 species of molluscs was 79 %. The phylum arthropods from 4 families, Phylum Annelida with 4 species were second largest group with 14 % followed from 2 families, Phylum Echinodermata with 2 by Cnidaria with 4 %. However, Annelids, species from one family and Brachiopoda with Brachiopods & Echinoderms contributes only 1% one species only. of total faunal composition. Among molluscs, the Faunal diversity among study locations: Faunal bivalve shared 58 % and gastropods 21 %. The diversity among different study location shown in overall contribution of molluscs was 79 %. The Fig. 3. The maximum diversity of benthic fauna phylum arthropods were second largest group with was recorded in Udaipur with 84 species from YENNAWAR AND TUDU: Study of Macro-Benthic (Invertebrate) fauna around Digha Coast 343 different groups which was followed by Talsari echinodermata. Shankarpur represented with 45 & Shankarpur with 77 species. Digha location species of bivalve from 13 families which was was reported minimum diversity of benthic fauna maximum number of bivalves among other study with 55 species. However, Mohana was reported locations. Other benthic fauna of Shankarpur with 57 species. Group wise species composition comprised of 11 species of gastropods from 9 at different localities shows that Talsari location families, 11 species of arthropods from 6 families, was recorded maximum 39 species from 12 2 species of annelids & echinoderms and 1 species families of Bivalves, 10 species from 9 families of cnidaria. Brachiopods was also absent in this of Gastropods and 15 species from 7 families of location. Arthropods. The group like Cnidaria, Brachiopod & Echinoderms were not recorded at Talsari and Percentage species composition at different Annelids were reported only two species. Udaipur study locations: Percentage species composition location although had maximum number of of various benthic invertebrate groups at different species diversity, shows same number of bivalve study locations is shown in Fig. 4. At Talsari, the diversity as in Talsari i.e. 39 species from 14 percentage of different faunal groups shows that families. Other fauna in Udaipur reported were the bivalve had maximum percentage with 60% the gastropods 15 species from 10 families, composition which was followed by arthropods arthropods 21 species from 11 families, Cnidaria with 20% and gastropods with 15% composition 6 species from 4 families and annelids 2 species among other fauna. Udaipur location observed from one family. The brachiopod were represented bivalve composition 47%, arthropods 26%, by only one species at Udaipur and echinoderm gastropods 17%, cnidaria 6% & others 4%. The were totally absent during the sampling at this percentage composition at Digha location was location. Digha was represented with 32 species of 65% bivalve, 18% gastropods, 14% arthropods bivalves from 10 families, 9 species of gastropods from 8 families, 8 species of arthropods from and 2% cnidaria and Mohana it was 59% bivalve, 6 families and only one species of cnidaria. 21% arthropods, 15% gastropods and 2% each of Annelida, Brachiopoda and echinodermata were cnidaria and other invertebrates. In Shankarpur, totally absent in Digha. faunal composition consisted with 64% bivalve, 16% each of gastropods & arthropods and 3% 80 other fauna. The overall comparison of faunal 70 percentage composition shows that the bivalve 60 50 contributed major part followed by Arthropoda 40 and Gastropoda in the study locations. 30 20 100 90 10 80 0 70 Bivalve Talsari Udaipur Digha Mohana Shankarpur 60 Gastropoda 50 Arthropoda 40 Others Cnidaria Fig. 3. Faunal diversity among study locations 30 20 10 0 Mohana benthic fauna comprised of 27 Talsari Udaipur Digha Mohana Shankarpur species of bivalves from 10 families, 7 species Fig. 4. Percentage species composition at different of gastropods from 5 families, 10 species of study locations arthropods from 5 families, 2 species of annelids Species diversity index: Graphical and 1 species each of cnidaria, brachiopod & representation of Shannon-Wiener index of 344 Rec. zool. Surv.
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