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Theobroma Cacao) and Other Agricultural Wasted Materials Technological routes for production of new bio-products from the Cocoa Pod Husk – CPH (Theobroma cacao) and other agricultural wasted materials. I JORNADAS VIRTUALES INTERNACIONALES Adaptación de Proyectos Agroalimentarios, Forestales y Enológicos a los principios del ODS Technological routes for production of new bio-products from the Cocoa Pod Husk – CPH (Theobroma cacao) and other agricultural wasted materials. AUTHORS Rilton Gonçalo Bonfim Primo| Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Brazil. Genyr Kappler | University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Brazil. TUTORS: Carlos Alberto Mendes Moraes | UNISINOS, Brazil. Luís António da Cruz Tarelho | University of Aveiro (UA), Portugal Jesús Martín-Gil | Valladolid University (UVA), Spain Fernando Cardoso Pedrão | Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Brazil. Carlos Narciso Bouza | The Habana University (UH), Cuba Ricardo de Araújo Kalid | Federal University of Southern Bahia (UFSB), Brazil. 19, Marzo – 2021 – Palencia, España Technological routes for production of new bio-products from the Cocoa Pod Husk – CPH (Theobroma cacao) and other agricultural wasted materials. COCOA POD HUSK PROBLEMS - Relative Quantity COCOA POD HUSK – CPH • Waste of chocolate industries 67 % to 76 % • Ten tons of wet CPH are generated for each ton of dry cocoa beans. 8,7 to 9,8 % • It constitutes 67 % to 76 % of 2,1 % to 2,3 % the weight of the cocoa fruit 21 % to 23 % Source: Adapted of R. Campos-Vega et al. , 2018, with information of Babatope, 2005; Oddoye, Agyente-Badu & Gyedu-Akpto, 2013; Awarikabey et al., 2014; Sobowale el atl., 2015; Papalexandrator & Nielsen, 2016; *By difference. AdaptedTechnological from FAOSTAT, 2017. routes for production of new bio-products from the Cocoa Pod Husk – CPH (Theobroma cacao) and other agricultural wasted materials. COCOA POD HUSK Cultivation and production of cocoa and CPH from top ten countries. Dry Cocoa Beans Production CPH Country Tonnes % Tonnes % Cote D'Ivoire 1 472 313 35,46 14 723 130 35,46 Ghana 858 720 20,68 8 587 200 20,68 Indonesia 656 817 15,82 6 568 170 15,82 Cameroon 291 512 7,02 2 915 120 7,02 Nigeria 236 521 5,70 2 365 210 5,70 Brazil 213 843 5,15 2 138 430 5,15 Ecuador 177 551 4,28 1 775 510 4,28 Peru 107 922 2,60 1 079 220 2,60 Dominican Republic 81 246 1,96 812 460 1,96 Colombia 56 163 1,35 561 630 1,35 Source: Author’s elaboration with dates from FAOSTAT, 2017. Technological routes for production of new bio-products from the Cocoa Pod Husk – CPH (Theobroma cacao) and other agricultural wasted materials. COCOA POD HUSK OBJECTIVES Identify, in the recent literature on CPH biorefinery (last 5 years): • conceptual interrelations, • main research countries, • main areas, • bibliographic connections and publication chronology. Examine technological routes of extraction of bioproducts and subsequent pyrolysis of CPH and other agricultural waste. Describe and discuss experiments with controlled pyrolysis reactors and their applications in different agricultural waste. Technological routes for production of new bio-products from the Cocoa Pod Husk – CPH (Theobroma cacao) and other agricultural wasted materials. COCOA POD HUSK LITERATURE REVIEW: Portal Periódicos of CAPES: MATERIALS AND METHODS • Every year • Last five years Preliminary literature review step: Selection of approach lines and search terms required prospecting tests and previous Scopus database: studies. • Articles • Portal Periódicos of CAPES: 536 international reference bases • Peer reviewed https://www-periodicos-capes-gov-br.ezl.periodicos.capes.gov.br/index.php? • In the final state of • Central bibliographic database publication Web of Science • Posted in journals https://login.webofknowledge.com/error/Error?Error=IPError&PathInfo=%2F&RouterURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webofk nowledge.com%2F&Domain=.webofknowledge.com&Src=IP&Alias=WOK5 Last update: Scopus https://www.elsevier.com/pt-br/solutions/scopus • Mar 14, 2021 • VOSViewer: for statistical analysis and graph generation. Technological routes for production of new bio-products from the DATABASE: Scopus Cocoa Pod Husk – CPH (Theobroma cacao) and other agricultural wasted materials. SEARCH CODE: COCOA POD HUSK ALL (cocoa AND pod AND h RESULTS I usk AND biorefinery) DOCUMENTS: 141 Source: Author's elaboration based on researched data through Scopus, Mar 14, 2021, Technological routes for production of new bio-products from the Cocoa Pod Husk – CPH (Theobroma cacao) and other agricultural wasted materials. COCOA POD HUSK DATABASE: Scopus RESULTS II SEARCH CODE: all ( cocoa and pod and husk and biorefinery ) and ( limit- to ( pubstage , "final" ) ) and ( limit- to ( pubyear , 2021 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2020 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2019 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2018 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2017 ) ) and ( limit - to ( srctype , "j" ) ) and ( exclude ( subjarea , "phys" ) ) DOCUMENTS: 98 Source: Author's elaboration based on researched data through Scopus, Mar 14, 2021, Technological routes for production of new bio-products from the Cocoa Pod Husk – CPH (Theobroma cacao) and other agricultural wasted materials. DATABASE: Scopus COCOA POD HUSK RESULTS III Articles by Area SEARCH CODE: all ( cocoa and pod and husk a Health Professions nd biorefinery ) and ( limit- Medicine to ( pubstage , "final" ) ) and ( Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics limit- Business, Management and Accounting to ( pubyear , 2021 ) or limit- Economics, Econometrics and Finance to ( pubyear , 2020 ) or limit- Social Sciences to ( pubyear , 2019 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2018 ) or limit- Immunology and Microbiology to ( pubyear , 2017 ) ) and ( li Materials Science mit- Engineering to ( srctype , "j" ) ) and ( exclu Agricultural and Biological Sciences de ( subjarea , "phys" ) ) Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Chemistry DOCUMENTS: 98 Chemical Engineering Environmental Science Source: Author's elaboration based Energy on researched data through Scopus, 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Mar 14, 2021, Technological routes for production of new bio-products from the Cocoa Pod Husk – CPH (Theobroma cacao) and other agricultural wasted materials. Connections between the central concepts DATABASE: Scopus SEARCH CODE: all ( cocoa and pod and husk a nd biorefinery ) and ( limit- to ( pubstage , "final" ) ) and ( limit- to ( pubyear , 2021 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2020 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2019 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2018 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2017 ) ) and ( li mit- to ( srctype , "j" ) ) and ( exclu de ( subjarea , "phys" ) ) DOCUMENTS: 98 Source: Author's elaboration based on researched data through Scopus, Mar 14, 2021, with statistical treatment through the VOSviewer. Technological routes for production of new bio-products from the Cocoa Pod Husk – CPH (Theobroma cacao) and other agricultural wasted materials. COCOA POD HUSK Connections between the central research countries DATABASE: Scopus SEARCH CODE: all ( cocoa and pod and husk a nd biorefinery ) and ( limit- to ( pubstage , "final" ) ) and ( limit- to ( pubyear , 2021 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2020 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2019 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2018 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2017 ) ) and ( li mit- to ( srctype , "j" ) ) and ( exclu Source: Author's elaboration based on researched data through Scopus, Mar 14, 2021, with statistical de ( subjarea , "phys" ) ) treatment through the VOSviewer. DOCUMENTS: 98 Technological routes for production of new bio-products from the Cocoa Pod Husk – CPH (Theobroma cacao) and other agricultural wasted materials. COCOA POD HUSK Chronology between the central research countries DATABASE: Scopus SEARCH CODE: all ( cocoa and pod and husk a nd biorefinery ) and ( limit- to ( pubstage , "final" ) ) and ( limit- to ( pubyear , 2021 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2020 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2019 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2018 ) or limit- to ( pubyear , 2017 ) ) and ( li mit- to ( srctype , "j" ) ) and ( exclu de ( subjarea , "phys" ) ) Source: Author's elaboration based on researched data through Scopus, Mar 14, 2021, with DOCUMENTS: 98 statistical treatment through the VOSviewer. Technological routes for production of new bio-products from the Cocoa Pod Husk – CPH (Theobroma cacao) and other agricultural wasted materials. COCOA POD HUSK DISCUSSION I: Extraction methods and properties In biorefinery systems, several technological processes can be applied to convert biomass feedstock into marketable products. This classification approach identifies four main subgroups of processes 1. Mechanical/physical (e.g., pressing, pre-treatment, milling, separation, distillation) 2. Biochemical (e.g., anaerobic digestion, aerobic and anaerobic fermentation, enzymatic conversion) 3. Chemical processes (e.g., hydrolysis, transesterification, hydrogenation, oxidation, pulping) 4. Thermochemical (e.g., pyrolysis, gasification, hydro-thermal upgrading, combustion) Technological routes for production of new bio-products from the Cocoa Pod Husk – CPH (Theobroma cacao) and other agricultural wasted materials. COCOA POD HUSK CPH – Pectin and Extractants • Extraction optimization of pectin with ascorbic acid using response surface methodology The filtrate was mixed with 95 % ethanol (1:2, v/v) to precipitate the pectin. After 24 h at 4 °C, the pectin was removed by centrifugation at 10 rpm for 10 min. (F. Priyangini et al., 2018). • Optimized conditions employing aqueous nitric acid as an extractant Pectin gels (0.99 % galacturonic acid equivalent, w/w) were prepared at pH 2.5-3.0 in the presence of 60% sucrose (w/w). (Life Science Weekly, 2017).
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