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How to Open Your Mine: from the Confident Destruction of Nature to Negotiations in the Age of NIMBY and BANANA

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How to Open Your Mine: from the Confident Destruction of Nature to Negotiations in the Age of NIMBY and BANANA OpenYourMine WP4 - New communication strategies for mining business How to open your mine: From the confident destruction of nature to negotiations in the age of NIMBY and BANANA. Examples from the United States Pr. Susanne Berthier-Foglar Part 3 3- Public perception of mines and resource exploitation: The • The NIMBY syndrome (Not in example of Resolution my back yard) and the Copper in Arizona meaning of ‘backyard’ (i.e. the private area of a property; A-Introduction: the use of resources in a context of NIMBY, location of development in BANANA, and NOPE other regions/countries) B-Resolution Copper in Arizona: • The socio-political meanings analysis of a draft environmental of BANANA (Build Absolutely impact study (August 2019 Nothing Anywhere Near Copper in Arizona: history and Anything) and NOPE (Not on recent developments Planet Earth): derogatory, Major social elements to consider when opening a mine used by the proponents of development to ridicule those Mitigation work starts before the actual mining process who refuse any type of Discourse analysis: diverging development opinions on Resolution Copper • aka CAVE dwellers (Citizens Against Virtually Anything) 2 3- Public perception of mines and resource exploitation: The • The importance of copper example of Resolution mining in Arizona since the Copper in Arizona 19th century A-Introduction: the use of resources in a context of NIMBY, BANANA, and NOPE • The 4Cs of Arizona: cattle, B-Resolution Copper in Arizona: citrus, cotton, copper analysis of a draft environmental impact study • 1990s: Copper ore is (August 2019) Copper in Arizona: history and discovered under the old recent developments Magma Mine in Superior, Major social elements to consider when opening a mine Arizona Mitigation work starts before the actual mining process • one of the largest Discourse analysis: diverging undeveloped copper opinions on Resolution Copper deposits in the world 3 Copper mining the United States Turquoise mining by indigenous peoples Arizona Two large Indian Reservations: White Mountain Apache San Carlos Apache 4 3- Public perception of mines and resource exploitation: The • 1996: Resolution Copper, example of Resolution joint venture Rio Tinto Copper in Arizona (55%) and BHP Billiton A-Introduction: the use of resources in a context of NIMBY, (45%) BANANA, and NOPE B-Resolution Copper in Arizona: • Located primarily on the analysis of a draft environmental impact study Tonto National Forest (August 2019) Copper in Arizona: history and • Open to mineral entry recent developments under the Mining Law of Major social elements to consider when opening a mine 1872 Mitigation work starts before the actual mining process • The copper ore is found at Discourse analysis: diverging 1.500 meters opinions on Resolution Copper underground. 5 3- Public perception of mines and resource • Opening a mine on protected exploitation: The land (the “Oak Flat example of Resolution Withdrawal Area”) Copper in Arizona • Apache acorn collecting area A-Introduction: the use of resources in a context of NIMBY, • Site of the Oak Flat BANANA, and NOPE B-Resolution Copper in Arizona: campground analysis of a draft environmental impact study • Resolution Copper: a 10-year (August 2019) land acquisition plan for a Copper in Arizona: history and recent developments projected land exchange Major social elements to • Resolution Copper has consider when opening a mine acquired 21 square km to Mitigation work starts before the actual mining process obtain 9.8 square km of Discourse analysis: diverging National Forest land including opinions on Resolution Copper the Oak Flat Withdrawal Area 6 3- Public perception of mines and resource • December 2014: exploitation: The example of Resolution Congress authorized a Copper in Arizona land exchange pending A-Introduction: the use of resources in a context of NIMBY, completion of the BANANA, and NOPE environmental impact B-Resolution Copper in Arizona: analysis of a draft environmental impact study statement (EIS) (August 2019) Copper in Arizona: history and • August 2019, the Draft recent developments Environmental Impact Major social elements to consider when opening a mine Statement (DEIS) was Mitigation work starts before the actual mining process made public Discourse analysis: diverging opinions on Resolution Copper • Beginning of public inquiry 7 • construction (10 years) / production 3- Public perception of (40–50 years) / reclamation (5–10 years) mines and resource • Underground mine, ‘panel caving’, ore exploitation: The crushed underground, transported example of Resolution underground to an ore-processing plant Copper in Arizona on the surface. A-Introduction: the use of • Production of copper and molybdenum resources in a context of NIMBY, BANANA, and NOPE concentrates. B-Resolution Copper in Arizona: • Copper concentrate: pumped as a slurry analysis of a draft environmental impact study through a 22-mile surface pipeline to a (August 2019) filter plant and sent of off-site smelters. Copper in Arizona: history and • Molybdenum concentrate: filtered, recent developments dried, and sent to market. Major social elements to consider when opening a mine • Tailings: pumped as a slurry in surface Mitigation work starts before the pipelines to a storage facility. actual mining process • Collapse of the ground: crater of a depth Discourse analysis: diverging opinions on Resolution Copper of 250 to 350 meters and a diameter of almost 3 km. • Critical view: no photoshopped views of the final aspect of Oak Flat 8 3- Public perception of mines and resource exploitation: The • A “hard view” of the example of Resolution footprint of the mine: Copper in Arizona surface area for tailings, A-Introduction: the use of resources in a context of NIMBY, water use, land exchange BANANA, and NOPE • footprint of the mine in B-Resolution Copper in Arizona: analysis of a draft environmental operation / post-mine impact study (August 2019 (tailings): visual nuisance Copper in Arizona: history and recent developments • Water needs in a semi-arid Major social elements to consider when opening a mine land Mitigation work starts before the • damage to the desert actual mining process ecosystems; soil as non- Discourse analysis: diverging opinions on Resolution Copper renewable resource 9 3- Public perception of mines and resource exploitation: The • Damage to recreational example of Resolution Copper in Arizona resources A-Introduction: the use of resources in a context of NIMBY, • Damage to cultural BANANA, and NOPE resources B-Resolution Copper in Arizona: analysis of a draft environmental impact study (August 2019 Copper in Arizona: history and recent developments Major social elements to consider when opening a mine Mitigation work starts before the actual mining process Discourse analysis: diverging opinions on Resolution Copper 10 • Example of a “hard view” of the impact statement • “Cultural resources will be directly and permanently damaged, particularly the TCP (Traditional Cultural Property) of Oak Flats, of importance to the Apache, but also “numerous cultural artifacts, sacred seeps and springs, traditional ceremonial areas, resource gathering localities, burial locations, and other places and experiences of high spiritual and other value to tribal members.” (DEIS 179). • Any of the alternative locations “would permanently bury or otherwise destroy many prehistoric and historic cultural artifacts, potentially including human burials” (DEIS76) 11 3- Public perception of mines and resource exploitation: The example of Resolution • Job creation: an average of 1500 Copper in Arizona direct full-time jobs A-Introduction: the use of • $134 million per year in total resources in a context of NIMBY, employee compensation BANANA, and NOPE B-Resolution Copper in Arizona: • purchase about $546 million per analysis of a draft environmental year in goods and services impact study (August 2019 • increase average annual Copper in Arizona: history and economic value added in recent developments Arizona by about $1 billion Major social elements to • tax income (federal and local): consider when opening a mine average of between $88 and Mitigation work starts before the $113 million per year (State and actual mining process local tax revenues) plus an Discourse analysis: diverging estimated $ 200 million per year opinions on Resolution Copper in federal tax revenue 12 3- Public perception of mines and resource exploitation: The example of Resolution Copper in Arizona • property values in the A-Introduction: the use of resources in a context of NIMBY, area of the mine tailings BANANA, and NOPE will drop B-Resolution Copper in Arizona: analysis of a draft environmental impact study (August 2019 • hunting revenues will Copper in Arizona: history and drop in the area of the recent developments mine Major social elements to consider when opening a mine • Critical view: listing the Mitigation work starts before the actual mining process hunting revenues in the Discourse analysis: diverging opinions on Resolution Copper same sub-chapter as the mining revenues (?) 13 3- Public perception of mines and resource exploitation: The • The importance of leaving example of Resolution some power to the opponents Copper in Arizona of the mine (working with Indigenous peoples, local A-Introduction: the use of resources in a context of NIMBY, communities, recreational BANANA, and NOPE land users) B-Resolution Copper in Arizona: • Meeting with all the tribes analysis of a draft environmental who have a cultural
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