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Microcosmus Squamiger Ordine Stolidobranchiata Michaelsen, 1928 Famiglia Pyuridae Identificazione e distribuzione nei mari italiani di specie non indigene Classe Ascidiacea Microcosmus squamiger Ordine Stolidobranchiata Michaelsen, 1928 Famiglia Pyuridae SINONIMI RILEVANTI Microcosmus claudicans s. sp. squamiger Hartmeyer & Michaelsen, 1928 DESCRIZIONE COROLOGIA / AFFINITA’ Sud pacifico Ascidia solitaria di taglia media (4 – 7 cm) cestello branchiale con 8/10 pliche branchiali per lato. Spine dei sifoni molto piccole simile a scaglie il DISTRIBUZIONE ATTUALE cui margine presenta un orlo seghettato. Assenza di Oceano Pacifico (Coste della California), Sud papille sui seni trasversali, gonadi ermafrodite Africa, Oceano Indiano, Isole Hawaii, Mediterraneo. polilobate (4/6 lobi a destra e 3 a sinistra). PRIMA SEGNALAZIONE IN MEDITERRANEO COLORAZIONE Porto di Bizerte Tunisia, 1963 (Monniot, 1981) as Tunica di colore bruno internamente colorata di M. exasperatus. viola, corpo privo di tunica di colore giallo con sifoni con 4 bande rosso bruno. PRIMA SEGNALAZIONE IN ITALIA FORMULA MERISTICA Porto di Genova, 1971 (Monniot, 1981) as M. exasperatus.. - TAGLIA MASSIMA ORIGINE Taglia media 40 – 70 mm Oceano Pacifico Identificazione e distribuzione nei mari italiani di specie non indigene STADI LARVALI VIE DI DISPERSIONE PRIMARIE Stadi larvali planctonici incapaci di autoalimentarsi Sconosciute e di breve vita autonoma (4-5 gg). VIE DI DISPERSIONE SECONDARIE SPECIE SIMILI Specie fouling, trasporto come epibionte di specie Microcosmus vulgaris Heller, 1877, usate nella molluschicoltura. Microcosmus polymorphus Heller, 1877, Microcosmus nudistigma Monniot C, 1962, STATO DELL ’INVASIONE Microcosmus claudicans (Savigny, 1816), Specie aliena invasiva. Microcosmus savignyi Monniot, 1962 , Microcosmus sabatieri Roule, 1885. MOTIVI DEL SUCCESSO CARATTERI DISTINTIVI Elevata adattabilità a condizioni ambientali Spine dei sifoni molto piccole simile a scaglie il degradate. cui margine presenta un orlo seghettato. SPECIE IN COMPETIZIONE HABITAT Microcosmus polymorphus Heller, 1877; Pyura dura Heller, 1877; Infralitorale dai 0,5 m ai 40 m di profondità. Polycarpa pomaria (Savigny, 1816); Microcosmus squamiger predilige gli ambienti Molgula appendiculata Heller, 1877; inquinati e le acque torbide (foci fluviali, sbocchi Distomus variolosus Gaertner, 1774 . fognari e soprattutto porti); capace di colonizzare velocemente buona parte del substrato disponibile ricopre sia i substrati duri sia i substrati incoerenti IMPATTI che agglutina grazie ai rizomi della tunica. DANNI ECOLOGICI Microcosmus squamiger è antagonista di numerose PARTICOLARI CONDIZIONI AMBIENTALI specie litorali mediterranee, che spesso sostituisce in quanto favorita dalle condizioni eutrofiche presenti Acque eutrofiche, estuari, porti, scarichi fognari. nei porti e nei bacini chiusi, fortemente eutrofizzati. DANNI ECONOMICI BIOLOGIA - Specie opportunista favorita da situazioni di eutrofia e di degrado capace; di colonizzare IMPORTANZA PER L’UOMO qualsiasi substrato. Specie fouling. Nessuna BANCA DEI CAMPIONI - PRESENZA IN G -BANK - PROVENIENZA DEL CAMPIONE TIPOLOGIA : (MUSCOLO / ESEMPLARE INTERO / CONGELATO / FISSATO ECC ) LUOGO DI CONSERVAZIONE CODICE CAMPIONE Identificazione e distribuzione nei mari italiani di specie non indigene BIBLIOGRAFIA Izquierdo-Muñoz A., Dìaz-Valdés M., Ramos-Esplà A., 2009. Recent non-indigenous ascidians in the Mediterranean Sea. Acquatic Invasions, 4, Issue 1: 59-64. Kott P., 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea. Part I, Phebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 23: 345-362. Lambert C. C., Lambert G., 1998. Non-indigenous ascidians in southern California harbours and marinas. Marine Biology, 130 (4): 675-688. Mastrototaro F., Dappiano M., 2005. New record of the non-indigenous species Microcosmus squamiger (Ascidiacea: Stolidobranchia) in the harbour of Salerno (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). JMBA2 – Biodiversity Records. Published ondine. Mastrototaro F., Petrocelli A., Cecere E., Matarrese A., 2004. Non indigenous species settle down in the Taranto seas. Biogeographia, 25. Monniot C., 1962. Les Microcosmus des côtes de France. Vie et Milieu, XIII (3): 397-432. Monniot C., 1965. Étude systématique et évolutive de la famille des Pyuridae (Ascidiacea). Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, nouvelle série XXXVI: 1-203. Monniot C., 1981. Apparition de l’ascidie Microcosmus exasperatus dans les ports méditerranéens. Téthys 10 (1): 59-62. Monniot C., 2002. Stolidobranch ascidians from the tropical western Indian Ocean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 135: 65-120. Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths C., Schleyer M., 2001. South African ascidians. Annals of the South African Museum, 108: 1-141. Monniot C., Monniot F., Laboute P., 1985 Ascidies du port de Papeete (Polynésie francaise): relations avec le milieu naturel et apports intercontinentaux par la navigation. Bulletin Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (4° ser.), 7: 481-495. Morri C., Covre S., Castelli A., Mori M., Diviacco G., Sgorbini S., Degl’Innocenti F, Bianchi C. N., 1989. Macrobenthos dell’estuario della Magra (Mar Ligure orientale): osservazioni faunistiche. Nova Thalassia, 10 (suppl. 1): 567-574. Naranjo S. A., Carballo J. L., Garcío-Gómez, 1996. Effects of environmental stress on ascidian populations in Algeciras Bay (soother Spain). Possible marine bioindicators? Marine Ecology Progress Series, 144: 119-131. Relini G., 2000. Nuovi contributi per la conservazione della biodiversità marina in Mediterraneo. Biol. Mar. Medit., 7 (3): 173-211. Turon X., 1987. Estudio morfològico de las espìnulas sifonales en las especies del gènero Microcosmus (ascidiacea) del litoral Mediterraneo Español. Anales de Biologia, 11: 37-42. .
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