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)5(1&+9(5686*(50$1$6752120,&$/,167580(176,1$)(:1,1(7((17+ &(1785<6287+$0(5,&$11$7,21$/2%6(59$725,(6$),567$66(660(17 )/H*XHW7XOO\a63DRODQWRQLRb-'DYRLJQHDXc-&DSODQd aLaboratoire LISE du Collège de France, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, BP4229, Nice, 06300 cedex 4, France bObservatorio Astronómico, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Laprida 854, Córdoba, X5000BGR, Argentina cDirection générale des Patrimoines, Ministère de la Culture, 182 rue Saint-Honoré, Paris, 75001, France dLaboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Université d’Aix-Marseille, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Marseille, 13388 cedex 13, France | [email protected] .H\ZRUGV$VWURQRPLFDOLQVWUXPHQWV6RXWK$PHULFDQREVHUYDWRULHV(XURSHDQLQVWUXPHQWPDNHUV $EVWUDFW In 1852 the Chilean government took over the temporary observatory that the United States Navy had installed in Santiago three years earlier in an attempt to determine the solar parallax by observing Venus and Mars; the German astronomer Carl Moesta was appointed director. In 1871, the president of the young Argentine republic, Domingo F. Sarmiento, created a National Observatory in the university town of Córdoba at the request of the American astronomer Benjamin Gould, who was named director. The same year, Emperor Pedro II of Brazil named the French astronomer Emmanuel Liais to head the Observatory of Rio de Janeiro. At about the same time a large meridian circle, ordered in Paris by the Peruvian government in the late 1860s, arrived in Lima. About ten years later, in 1882, the Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires, Dardo Rocha, decided that his new provincial capital, the utopian city RI/D3ODWDZRXOGKDYHDQREVHUYDWRU\ZKRVHGLUHFWLRQZDVHQWUXVWHGWRWKH)UHQFKQDYDORIÀFHU François Beuf. We shall attempt to place the foundations of these establishments in their political and VFLHQWLÀFFRQWH[WVDQGJLYHDGHVFULSWLRQRIWKHLULQLWLDOLQVWUXPHQWDWLRQ7KHQZHVKDOOWU\WRDVVHVV the role of German science and the effects of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 on the purchase of European instruments for these South American observatories. )UDQoRLVH/H*XHW7XOO\LVDKLVWRULDQRIDVWURQRP\ZKRVHPDLQÀHOGVRILQWHUHVWDUHWKHLQVWLWXWLRQDOKLVWRU\RI)UHQFK REVHUYDWRULHVDQGRIREVHUYDWRULHVUHODWHGWR)UDQFHDQGWKDWRILQVLWXVFLHQWLÀFLQVWUXPHQWV 6DQWLDJR3DRODQWRQLR is an Engineer with a Master degree in Educational Administration and a Postgraduate degree in Astronomy Education and Communication. He works at the National University of Córdoba and is a member of the Research Group in Education, Outreach and History of astronomy of the Astronomical Observatory. His main research interests are on the history of astronomy, astrophysics, science disclosure and education. -DPHV&DSODQ studied physics at the University of Chicago and earned a PhD in astronomy from Northwestern University. At the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (formerly the Observatoire de Marseille), where he is now astronome émérite, he developed Fabry-Perot interferometer instrumentation to observe the interstellar medium. He has been working to conserve, study and display the observatory's heritage. -HDQ'DYRLJQHDXLVDWWDFKHGDWWKH0LVVLRQGHO ,QYHQWDLUHJpQpUDOGX3DWULPRLQHFXOWXUHORIWKH'LUHFWLRQ*pQpUDOH GHV3DWULPRLQHV)UHQFK0LQLVWU\RI&XOWXUH+HLVUHIHUHQWIRUVFLHQWLÀFDQGWHFKQLFDO+HULWDJHZRUNVRQTXHVWLRQV RI PHWKRGRORJ\ WKHVDXUXV DQG GDWDEDVHV DQG SDUWLFLSDWHV WR (XURSHDQ DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO SURMHFWV ,Q LQ FROODERUDWLRQZLWK)UDQoRLVH/H*XHW7XOO\KHODXQFKHGWKHQDWLRQDOLQYHQWRU\RIDVWURQRPLFDOKHULWDJH 39.

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The Brazilian Contribution to the Observation of the Transit of Venus
Transits of Venus: New Views of the Solar System and Galaxy Proceedings IAU Colloquium No. 196, 2004 c 2004 International Astronomical Union D.W. Kurtz, eds. doi:10.1017/S1743921305001353 The Brazilian contribution to the observation of the transit of Venus Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins do Rio de Janeiro and Universidade do Vale do Acarau,´ Sobral, Ceará, Brazil email: [email protected] Abstract. During the second half of the nineteenth century Brazilian astronomers participated in the observations of transit of Venus. In 1874 a Brazilian astronomer, Francisco Antônio de Almeida was sent by the Imperial Observatory to Nagasaki to use the “photographic revolver” invented by Jules Janssen. In 1882 three missions were sent by the Imperial Observatory (Brazil) to observe the transit in St Thomas (Antilles), Punta Arenas (Chile) and Olinda (Brazil). The ′′ value of the solar parallax obtained by the Brazilian Commission, led by Lu´ıs Cruls, was 8. 808, representing at that time one of the most precise values. 1. Introduction The passage of planet Venus across the solar disk occurred twice in the 19th century, once in 1874 and again in 1882. During the occasion of the Venus transit on 9 December 1874 in Nagasaki, Japan, a young Brazilian astronomer, Francisco de Almeida partici- pated in the French mission operating the French astronomer Jules Janssen’s (1824–1907) astronomical revolver, considered the predecessor of the movie system. During the transit of 6 December 1882, Brazil participated in the great first interna- tional enterprise of basic science, establishing three posts of observation out of Rio de Figure 1.
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ATTENTION: Epreuve Non Définitive!!!
Verrier, Urbain-Jean-Joseph Le V 1 Verrier, Urbain-Jean-Joseph Le Born Saint-Lô, Manche, France, 11 March 1811 Died Paris, France, 23 September 1877 Urbain-Jean-Joseph le Verrier explained the unruly behavior of Uranus by positing the existence of an unknown planet, which was subsequently discovered and named Neptune. His father, Louis-Baptiste le Verrier, a civil servant, and mother, Pauline de Baudre, came from the lower Norman aristocracy. Th eir only son received his lycée education in Cherbourg, and failed the entrance examination to the École Polytechnique on his fi rst try but was admitted in 1831. In 1837, he married Lucille Marie Clothilde Choquet, the daughter of his former teacher. Th ey had three children: Léon, Lucille, and Urbain. In 1837, le Verrier was off ered a position in geodesy and machines as an assistant to Félix Savary at the École Polytechnique. Aft er Savary’s death a few years later, le Verrier succeeded him to the chair in astronomy. He devoted his attention to celestial mechanics to reclaim the heritage of Pierre de Laplace . His fi rst memoir presented to the Paris Academy of Sciences addressed Laplace’s solution to the stability of the Solar System. Later, le Verrier laid the groundwork for a new theory of Mercury’s orbit and successfully tackled the theory of several recently discovered periodic comets, on the basis of which he was successful in his bid for a seat at the academy on 19 January 1846. Two months earlier, le Verrier had published his fi rst memoir on Uranus’s orbital irregularities, a work he had undertaken with encouragement by François Arago .
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December 2019
The Newsletter of Westchester Amateur Astronomers December 2019 M8-The Lagoon Nebula by Gary Miller A familiar object at summer star parties, M8 in Sagittarius was first glimpsed by John Flamsteed in 1680 and called “The Lagoon Nebula” by the Irish astronomer Agnes Clerke in The System of the Stars (1890). It is an emission nebula which re-radiates the energy of several hot young stars embedded within it, including 9 Sagittari (dead center). It also surrounds the open cluster NGC 6530, a system of 113 young stars. Although it’s low in the summer sky from Westchester, it’s a wonderful visual object in nearly any telescope. SERVING THE ASTRONOMY COMMUNITY SINCE 1986 Westchester Amateur Astronomers SkyWAAtch December 2019 WAA December Meeting WAA January Meeting Friday, December 6th at 7:30 pm Friday, January 10th at 7:30 pm Lienhard Hall, 3rd floor Lienhard Hall, 3rd floor Pace University, Pleasantville, NY Pace University, Pleasantville, NY The History of Glass: The Power Behind Why Go Back to the Moon? Discovery Andy Poniros Alan Witzgall NASA Solar System Ambassador Senior Optician, ESCO Optics Andy has been a NASA volunteer since 1997 and a Alan is an active member and officer of several ama- NASA/JPL Solar System Ambassador since 2004 . He teur astronomy societies in New Jersey. In his profes- has a degree in Electrical Engineering and has worked sional life, he is a Senior Optician for ESCO Optics of as a Medical Imaging Engineer for 45 years. He is Oak Ridge, NJ. His career in optics started with build- certified by NASA to handle Lunar samples, is a sci- ing telescopes in his basement during his high school ence correspondent for radio station WPKN in Con- and college years.
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Luiz Cruls E O Premio Valz De Astronomia
Luiz Cruls e o premio Valz de astronomia Antonio Augusto Passos Videira:;' o presente artigo apresenta um exemplo em favor da seguinte hipótese: o amadurecimen to da ciencia e de suas institui~oes ocorre nao apenas através de conquistas científicas espe cíficas, mas também através de eventos de natureza político-institucional, capazes de con tribuir para o fortalecimento da ciencia. Para a realiza~ao deste objetivo, vamos centrar a nossa discussao em um fato referente a história da mais antiga institui~ao astronómica brasileira, o Imperial Observatório do Rio de Janeiro, atualmente conhecido como Observatório Nacional. Trata-se da concessao do Premio Valz ao astrónomo belgo-brasilei ro Luiz Cruls (1848-1908). In this paper 1 discuss the reasons and motivations which led the French Academy of Sciences to give its Valz Prize to the Belgian-Brazilian astronomer Luiz Cruls (1848-1908). My main objective is to show that the consolidation ofscience and its institutions is also due to events which are not sctrictly scientific but have another "nature": political and institutional. 1) Introdu~iio presente artigo apresenta um exemplo em favor da seguinte hipótese: Oo amadurecimento da ciencia e de suas institui~oes (academias, uni versidades, observatórios, publica~oes, laboratórios, etc.) ocorre nao ape nas através de conquistas científicas específicas (descobertas de novos fenómenos naturais e/ou elabora~ao de teorias), mas também através de eventos de natureza político-institucional, capazes de contribuir para o fortalecimento da ciencia. Para a realiza~ao deste objetivo, vamos cen trar a nossa discussao em um fato referente a história da mais antiga ins titui~o astronómica brasileira, o Imperial Observatório do Rio de Janeiro, atualmente conhecido como Observatório Nacional.
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Jardin Botanique Privé D'emmanuel Liais, Actuellement Parc Public Emmanuel Liais
Normandie, Manche Cherbourg-Octeville 1 rue de l' Abbaye jardin botanique privé d'Emmanuel Liais, actuellement parc public Emmanuel Liais Références du dossier Numéro de dossier : IA50001345 Date de l'enquête initiale : 2006 Date(s) de rédaction : 2006 Cadre de l'étude : inventaire topographique Cherbourg-Octeville Degré d'étude : étudié Désignation Dénomination : jardin botanique Appellation : parc Emmanuel Liais Destinations successives : parc Parties constituantes non étudiées : serre, pièce d'eau, monument, tour Compléments de localisation Milieu d'implantation : en ville Références cadastrales : 2008, BE, 391 Historique Emmanuel Liais (Cherbourg, 15 février 1826 – Cherbourg, 5 mars 1900), maire de la ville de 1884 à 1886 puis de 1892 à 1900, est à l'origine de la création du parc public qui porte son nom. Héritier d'une famille d'armateurs, scientifique de formation, il débute sa carrière comme directeur-adjoint de l'Observatoire de Paris en 1854, avant d'entreprendre, à partir de 1858, de nombreux séjours au Brésil où il effectue des observations météorologiques ainsi que plusieurs études spécialisées sur les plantes des régions reculées du pays. Directeur de l'Observatoire impérial de Rio de Janeiro de janvier à juillet 1871, puis de 1874 à 1881, c'est à partir de 1878 qu'il décide d'aménager dans sa propriété familiale de Cherbourg un jardin botanique agrémenté d'une tour d'observation. Composé de plantes rares qu'il expédie du Brésil vers la France et dont il confie l'acclimatation au célèbre horticulteur cherbourgeois César Cavron, le jardin, étendu sur un hectare, est alors doté de plusieurs serres destinées à abriter une collection de spécimens, introduits, pour certains, pour la première fois en Europe.
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Nice Weather, Meteors at the End of the Day Christina Helena Barboza
Nice weather, meteors at the end of the day Christina Helena Barboza Museum of Astronomy and related Sciences – RJ/Brazil [email protected] 1. Introduction The main objective of this paper is to explore the complexity of the links traditionally established between the origins of modern meteorology, in the middle of the nineteenth century, and the simultaneous creation of the first national weather forecasting services. It is based on my Ph.D. thesis.1 In the thesis, however, which is partially a scientific biography, I was more interested in examining the meteorological writings of a specific scientist, the French Emmanuel Liais (1826-1900). Here, I would like to stress the role of Liais in the history of meteorology, focusing the analysis on his contribution towards the creation of the French weather forecasting service, at the Paris Observatory, in 1856. This paper supports the hypothesis that the creation of the French institution was due to a brief conjunction of two men’s efforts, Emmanuel Liais and Urbain Le Verrier, who contributed, respectively, to its scientific and political foundations. Therefore, with this particular example, it also aims at reinforcing the general theoretical assumption, shared by the participants of this Conference, that in the History of Science it is always necessary to examine both the scientific developments and the social contexts where they take place. 2. Liais and the Paris Observatory’s telegraphic meteorological network Emmanuel Liais was born in Cherbourg, a port in Normandy, where his family was wealthy and politically influential. Before moving to Paris and going to work in the Observatory he had already written many papers on different scientific areas, especially on meteorology, but in fact he was not entirely convinced that he could be a professional scientist.
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Astronomy in the Brazilian Empire
Astronomia no Império brasileiro VERGARA, Moema. Astronomia no Império brasileiro: longitude, congresso internacional e a busca por uma ciência universal no final do século XIX.História, Ciências, Saúde – Manguinhos, Rio de Astronomia no Império Janeiro, v.26, n.1, jan.-mar. 2019, p.71- brasileiro: longitude, 84. Resumo congresso internacional e Não há uma visão clara na historiografia internacional sobre a participação do a busca por uma ciência Brasil na Conferência de Washington de 1884. No Brasil há uma interpretação universal no final do de que o voto brasileiro acompanhou a França, por razões de subordinação. Este século XIX* texto pretende estabelecer um diálogo com essas produções, ao trazer fontes inéditas sobre o tema, como as cartas Astronomy in the Brazilian trocadas por Luiz Cruls, tanto com o imperador como com sua esposa, bem Empire: longitude, an como notícias de periódicos, anais e relatórios. Neste artigo foi utilizada international congress and the uma abordagem da história da ciência, preocupada com os processos de institucionalização da astronomia no quest for a universal science in Brasil em meio a um debate mundial sobre padronização e universalização da the late nineteenth century ciência. Palavras-chave: história da astronomia; longitude; Luiz Cruls (1848-1908); congresso internacional. Abstract There is no clear picture in the international historiography of Brazil’s participation at the International Prime Meridian Conference in Washington of 1884. In Brazil there exists the prevailing interpretation that the Brazilian vote accompanied France for reasons of subordination. This work seeks to analyze this interpretation, by scrutinizing unpublished sources on the subject, such as the letters exchanged by Luiz Cruls both with the emperor and with his wife, as well as news articles in journals, annals and reports.
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AS VIAGENS DO TEMPO; Um Projeto Científico Para O Brasil Imperial Christina Helena Barboza – MAST
ANPUH – XXII SIMPÓSIO NACIONAL DE HISTÓRIA – João Pessoa, 2003. AS VIAGENS DO TEMPO; Um projeto científico para o Brasil Imperial Christina Helena Barboza – MAST 1. Sobre o contexto: Foi no dia 27 de julho de 1858 que o savant francês Emmanuel Liais desembarcou no longínquo e desconhecido Império do Brasil pela primeira vez, com o pretexto de observar um eclipse total do Sol visível no hemisfério sul. E ao contrário da versão que ele próprio se encarregou de difundir, de que teria viajado numa missão científica do Ministério da Instrução pública da França, Liais não trouxe na bagagem mais do que uma carta de recomendação com o selo ministerial.1 No mais, a iniciativa da viagem, bem como as despesas, suas e de sua esposa, Margaritha van Kranenbroeck, e a maioria dos instrumentos científicos trazidos consigo, teriam ficado por sua conta mesmo. De qualquer modo, a acolhida que encontrou no Império de D. Pedro II, o monarca “amigo das ciências”, parece ter sido até bastante calorosa. De fato, pouco depois de sua chegada, em 6 de agosto, era nomeada uma comissão para observar o fenômeno no sul do país, composta por alguns funcionários e pelo diretor do Observatório Astronômico do Rio de Janeiro, o conselheiro e coronel Antônio Manoel de Mello, além do conselheiro Cândido Batista de Oliveira, na época diretor do Jardim Botânico da Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, e Liais foi logo chamado para integrá-la. A comissão teria recebido todo o apoio do governo, que lhe colocou à disposição dois navios de guerra, o Pedro II e o Tietê, e o material necessário para o estabelecimento das estações provisórias.
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Photogenic Venus: the "Cinematographic Turn" and Its Alternatives in Nineteenth-Century France
Photogenic Venus: The "Cinematographic Turn" and Its Alternatives in Nineteenth-Century France The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Canales, Jimena. 2002. Photogenic Venus: The "cinematographic turn" and its alternatives in nineteenth-century France. Isis 93, no. 4: 585-613. Published Version http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/375953 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3210601 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Photogenic Venus The “Cinematographic Turn” and Its Alternatives in Nineteenth-Century France By Jimena Canales* ABSTRACT During the late nineteenth century, scientists around the world disagreed as to the types of instruments and methods that should be used for determining the most important con- stant of celestial mechanics: the solar parallax. Venus’s 1874 transit across the sun was seen as the best opportunity for ending decades of debate. However, a mysterious “black drop” that appeared between Venus and the sun and individual differences in observations of the phenomenon brought traditional methods into disrepute. To combat these difﬁculties, the astronomer Jules Janssen devised a controversial new instrument, the “photographic revolver,” that photographed Venus at regular intervals. Another solution came from phys- icists, who rivaled the astronomers’ dominance in precision measurements by deducing the solar parallax from physical measurements of the speed of light.
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New Frontiers of Slavery
New Frontiers of Slavery Item Type Book Authors Tomich, Dale W. DOI 10.1353/book.83858 Publisher SUNY Press Rights Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Download date 05/10/2021 19:51:27 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item https://www.sunypress.edu/p-6146-new-frontiers-of- slavery.aspx New Frontiers of Slavery FERNAND BRAUDEL CENTER STUDIES IN HISTORICAL SOCIAL SCIENCE Series Editor: Richard E. Lee The Fernand Braudel Center Studies in Historical Social Science will publish works that address theoretical and empirical questions produced by scholars in or through the Fernand Braudel Center or who share its approach and concerns. It specifically seeks to promote works that contribute to the development of the world-systems perspective engag- ing a holistic and relational vision of the world—the modern world-system—implicit in historical social science, which at once takes into consideration structures (long-term regularities) and change (history). With the intellectual boundaries within the sciences/ social sciences/humanities structure collapsing in the work scholars actually do, this series will offer a venue for a wide range of research that confronts the dilemmas of producing relevant accounts of historical processes in the context of the rapidly changing structures of both the social and academic world. The series will include monographs, colloquia, and collections of essays organized around specific themes. VOLUMES IN THIS SERIES: Questioning Nineteenth-Century Assumptions about Knowledge I: Determinism Richard E. Lee, editor Questioning Nineteenth-Century Assumptions about Knowledge II: Reductionism Richard E. Lee, editor Questioning Nineteenth-Century Assumptions about Knowledge III: Dualism Richard E.
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Capítulo 3. Meteoros Tropicais: O Clima Do Brasil Oitocentista Sob O
Acampamento na ponta de Serrambi, litoral de Pernambuco [1859/1860] (Gravura: Yan d’Argent, 1865). 42 METEOROS TROPICAIS; O Clima do Brasil Oitocentista sob o olhar de Emmanuel Liais* Christina Helena da Motta Barboza** 1. Introdução Foi em julho de 1858 que o astrônomo do Observatório de Paris, Emmanuel-Bernardin Liais, atravessou o Oceano Atlântico rumo ao Brasil, pela primeira vez. Nas suas primeiras estadas no país (1858-1864; 1867-1871), Liais foi contratado pelo governo imperial para realizar uma série de expedições pelo território, com finalidades antes de tudo topográficas e hidrográficas, mas também naturalistas. Apenas durante a terceira e última estada (1874-1881), a convite do imperador, assumiu a direção do Observatório do Rio de Janeiro, onde então “empreendeu uma ampla reforma [...], visando transformá-lo em uma instituição científica voltada à produção de conhecimentos” (BARBOZA, 1994, p. 29). Sua atuação enquanto diretor do Observatório, ao longo da década de 1870 e início dos anos 1880, já foi bastante examinada pela historiografia das ciências no Brasil (MORIZE, 1987; MORAES, 1955; BARBOZA, 1994, 1995; VIDEIRA; OLIVEIRA, 2003; VIDEIRA, 2007; HEIZER, 2005; RODRIGUES, 2012). No entanto, as impressões da primeira estada de Liais no Brasil, as quais ficaram registradas nos seus livros sobre o país, e particularmente em L’Espace Céleste (1865), “a obra em que Liais mais colocou de si mesmo”, conforme avaliação de seu biógrafo, Jacques Ancellin (1975-1978, p. 90), ainda não receberam a mesma atenção da historiografia. É importante destacar que Alda Heizer, em uma pesquisa de fôlego sobre os instrumentos científicos, em particular os do Imperial Observatório, no contexto das Grandes Exposições do século XIX, também se debruçou sobre L’Espace Céleste, e, mais detidamente, sobre outra obra de Liais produzida no mesmo período, Traité d’Astronomie appliquée et de Géodesie pratique (1867).
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Number 66, Fall 2020
LINDA HALL LIBRARY HEDGEHOGNUMBER 66 • FALL 2020 THE Te chnolog y of Print INSIDE Books about Books page 3 Green Mars page 4 The Beagle Library page 12 President’s Message Library News During the COVID-19 mandated shutdown, I thought a lot about our reliance on technology. I spent days in my book-lined study and realized how dependent I had become on electronic communications technology to keep the Library’s work moving forward, to meet virtually with colleagues throughout Kansas City, to stay in touch with family and friends, and to access the latest information about the plague that has affected all of our lives. The Boy from Oz Have you heard about the boy from Oz? The clash of technologies became very apparent to me. Print, No, not the one who sang, danced, was an inherently ancient technology, had played a central role in my discovered by Judy Garland, and later life and education as a literature student whose work consisted married Liza Minnelli.1 This young man is of the close analysis of printed texts on paper. Yet, everything I a prodigiously curious fellow, and while do today has become almost completely dependent upon digital he loves to sing, at nine years of age he is communications technologies. These invasive and pervasive too short to join the Radio City Music Hall tools have supplanted their predecessor medium, analog paper- Rockettes’ famed kick line and way too based printing. When paper-based printing will disappear is not young to marry anyone. known, but the time cannot be distant when young children will look at printed books in the same way their slightly older peers Joshua Walsh hails from Victoria on have viewed vinyl long-playing records, reel-to-reel film and Australia’s Surf Coast where he is growing tape, video cassettes, and typewriters.
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