Social-ecological dynamics of ecosystem services in the Norrström Basin in (SEEN): a core regional case-study of PECS

Team: Megan Meacham, Albert Norström, My Sellberg, Garry Peterson, Cibele Quieroz

Affiliation: Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

STUDY REGION Gagnef Vansbro Borlänge Tierp Säter Hedemora The Norrström drainage basin is situated in south-central Sweden and covers 22 Östhammar Avesta 2 650 km . The region is heterogeneous in terms of dominating land cover and land Heby uses and includes two of Sweden’s largest lakes, Lake Mälaren and Lake Smedjebacken Sala Uppsala Ljusnarsberg Fagersta Hjälmaren. Agricultural land dominates the near surroundings of lake Mälaren while Norrtälje the north-west is to a large extent dominated by forest. The eastern part of the Hällefors Knivsta Enköping Sigtuna region is heavily influenced by the city of Stockholm and its extended metropolitan Lindesberg Västeras Habo Vallentuna Upplands-Väsby Köping Nora Upplands-Bro Täby area. The production landscapes have undergone great changes since the 1950s, Sollentuna Järfalla Kungsör Ekerö Danderyd either through reforestation and a shift away from full-time family farming or Karlskoga Strängnäs Sundbyberg Eskilstuna Solna Örebro Nacka development towards larger farm units and intensified use. The waters in Norrström Salem Stockholm Huddinge Lekeberg Nykvarn Degerfors Botkyrka provide several important ecosystem services. Lake Mälaren, for example, is the Kumla Gnesta Södertälje Vingåker Flen main regional water supply for 1.5 million people in the Stockholm region. Hallsberg Katrineholm Laxa Norrström is also famous for salmon fishing, and the surroundings of Lake Mälaren Askersund People/km2 1 - 5 are known for their high natural and cultural values (including outdoor recreation). 5 - 25 25 - 125 125 - 625 625 - 3125 0 250 500 Kilometers 3125 - 15625

Forest and towns

SPATIAL PATTERNS OF MULTIPLE Averages of Provisioning ES Averages of Regulating ES Averages of Cultural ES ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Remote Forest

SEEN will investigate how social and ecological factors interact to co-produce Mosaic cropland livestock ES avg by type ES avg by type ES avg by type 0 0 0 multiple ecosystem services and how difference management and governance 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 settings contribute to their production and maintenance. The first step in this 0.8 0.8 0.8 process will be to explore and apply new methodologies to identify and measure Mosaic cropland horse ecosystem services that are based on publically available social and ecological Hot & Cold spots: Provisioning ES Hot & Cold spots: Regulating ES Hot & Cold spots: Cultural ES data. The goal of this work is to simplify the analysis of ecosystem services by

incorporating both social and ecological elements. To further develop ecosystem Urban services as a tool for use in landscape management and development, we want Residuals Residuals Residuals -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 to develop the concept of social-ecological indicators for ecosystem services. -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 These indicators comprise social and ecological features that when present 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 Wheat Sheep Pollination Pigs indicate the presence of a give ecosystem service. N Retention Cattle P Retention Forest Products

Standing Water Quality Biodiversity Appreciation

Running Water Quality Cross-country Sking Moose Hunting Horseback Riding Outdoor Recreation Summer Cottages

ASSESSING RESILIENCE

Building resilience is spreading as a policy agenda and different actors in society are trying to meet the growing demand for tools and guides on how to operationalize it (e.g. the UN campaign “Making Cities Resilient” and the Rockefeller Foundation’s “100 resilient cities”). If the scientific community wants to play an active part in the translation of resilience to practice, now is the time to do it. SEEN will engage in this translation by studying one of the methods for how to operationalize resilience, the Resilience Assessment Workbook (Resilience Alliance 2010), and explore what it contributes to local and regional planning within the Norrström region in Sweden. Participatory Resilience Assessments will be carried out in local municipalities and on a regional scale. This research will strengthen the dialogue between research and practice through the resilience assessment processes themselves, as well as by creating a network of scientists and practitioners for resilience in planning.

Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society

The Program on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) is an initiative jointly sponsored by ICSU and UNESCO, and coordinated by the Stockholm Resilience Centre. It aims to integrate research on the stewardship of social–ecological systems, the services they generate, and the relationships among natural capital, human wellbeing, livelihoods, inequality and poverty. The principal approach of PECS research is comparisons of place-based, long-term social-ecological case studies. PECS is also developing and facilitating a set of dynamic, interdisciplinary working groups that focus on different cross-cutting topics. Visit the website at www.pecs-science.org