A New Task for Philosophy of Science
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Philosophy of Science and Philosophy of Chemistry
Philosophy of Science and Philosophy of Chemistry Jaap van Brakel Abstract: In this paper I assess the relation between philosophy of chemistry and (general) philosophy of science, focusing on those themes in the philoso- phy of chemistry that may bring about major revisions or extensions of cur- rent philosophy of science. Three themes can claim to make a unique contri- bution to philosophy of science: first, the variety of materials in the (natural and artificial) world; second, extending the world by making new stuff; and, third, specific features of the relations between chemistry and physics. Keywords : philosophy of science, philosophy of chemistry, interdiscourse relations, making stuff, variety of substances . 1. Introduction Chemistry is unique and distinguishes itself from all other sciences, with respect to three broad issues: • A (variety of) stuff perspective, requiring conceptual analysis of the notion of stuff or material (Sections 4 and 5). • A making stuff perspective: the transformation of stuff by chemical reaction or phase transition (Section 6). • The pivotal role of the relations between chemistry and physics in connection with the question how everything fits together (Section 7). All themes in the philosophy of chemistry can be classified in one of these three clusters or make contributions to general philosophy of science that, as yet , are not particularly different from similar contributions from other sci- ences (Section 3). I do not exclude the possibility of there being more than three clusters of philosophical issues unique to philosophy of chemistry, but I am not aware of any as yet. Moreover, highlighting the issues discussed in Sections 5-7 does not mean that issues reviewed in Section 3 are less im- portant in revising the philosophy of science. -
Naturalized Metaphilosophy
Synthese DOI 10.1007/s11229-009-9662-1 Naturalized metaphilosophy David R. Morrow · Chris Alen Sula Received: 6 January 2008 / Accepted: 30 November 2008 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract Traditional representations of philosophy have tended to prize the role of reason in the discipline. These accounts focus exclusively on ideas and arguments as animating forces in the field. But anecdotal evidence and more rigorous sociological studies suggest there is more going on in philosophy. In this article, we present two hypotheses about social factors in the field: that social factors influence the develop- ment of philosophy, and that status and reputation—and thus social influence—will tend to be awarded to philosophers who offer rationally compelling arguments for their views. In order to test these hypotheses, we need a more comprehensive grasp on the field than traditional representations afford. In particular, we need more substantial data about various social connections between philosophers. This investigation belongs to a naturalized metaphilosophy, an empirical study of the discipline itself, and it offers prospects for a fuller and more reliable understanding of philosophy. Keywords Philosophy · Sociology · Networks · Reason · Naturalism In addressing questions of how to represent philosophy, we should begin—in good philosophical fashion—by first asking what philosophy is. Historical answers have often prized the role of reason in addressing questions of existence, knowledge, and value. Thus, Plato recommends contemplation of the forms, Descartes’ meditator at- tempts to deduce self-evident truths from first principles, Spinoza discusses an activity carried out sub specie aeternitatis by a rational thinker who has removed all traces of subjectivity and individuality from his thought, and Kant describes philosophy as D. -
151545957.Pdf
Universit´ede Montr´eal Towards a Philosophical Reconstruction of the Dialogue between Modern Physics and Advaita Ved¯anta: An Inquiry into the Concepts of ¯ak¯a´sa, Vacuum and Reality par Jonathan Duquette Facult´ede th´eologie et de sciences des religions Th`ese pr´esent´ee `ala Facult´edes ´etudes sup´erieures en vue de l’obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D.) en sciences des religions Septembre 2010 c Jonathan Duquette, 2010 Universit´ede Montr´eal Facult´edes ´etudes sup´erieures et postdoctorales Cette th`ese intitul´ee: Towards A Philosophical Reconstruction of the Dialogue between Modern Physics and Advaita Ved¯anta: An Inquiry into the Concepts of ¯ak¯a´sa, Vacuum and Reality pr´esent´ee par: Jonathan Duquette a ´et´e´evalu´ee par un jury compos´edes personnes suivantes: Patrice Brodeur, pr´esident-rapporteur Trichur S. Rukmani, directrice de recherche Normand Mousseau, codirecteur de recherche Solange Lefebvre, membre du jury Varadaraja Raman, examinateur externe Karine Bates, repr´esentante du doyen de la FESP ii Abstract Toward the end of the 19th century, the Hindu monk and reformer Swami Vivekananda claimed that modern science was inevitably converging towards Advaita Ved¯anta, an important philosophico-religious system in Hinduism. In the decades that followed, in the midst of the revolution occasioned by the emergence of Einstein’s relativity and quantum physics, a growing number of authors claimed to discover striking “par- allels” between Advaita Ved¯anta and modern physics. Such claims of convergence have continued to the present day, especially in relation to quantum physics. In this dissertation, an attempt is made to critically examine such claims by engaging a de- tailed comparative analysis of two concepts: ¯ak¯a´sa in Advaita Ved¯anta and vacuum in quantum physics. -
Physics Needs Philosophy. Philosophy Needs Physics
Found Phys (2018) 48:481–491 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10701-018-0167-y Physics Needs Philosophy. Philosophy Needs Physics Carlo Rovelli1 Received: 4 April 2018 / Accepted: 5 April 2018 / Published online: 3 May 2018 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Contrary to claims about the irrelevance of philosophy for science, I argue that philosophy has had, and still has, far more influence on physics than is commonly assumed. I maintain that the current anti-philosophical ideology has had damaging effects on the fertility of science. I also suggest that recent important empirical results, such as the detection of the Higgs particle and gravitational waves, and the failure to detect supersymmetry where many expected to find it, question the validity of certain philosophical assumptions common among theoretical physicists, inviting us to engage in a clearer philosophical reflection on scientific method. Keywords Philosophy of physics · Aristotle · Popper · Kuhn 1. Against Philosophy is the title of a chapter of a book by one of the great physicists of the last generation: Steven Weinberg, Nobel Prize winner and one of the architects of the Standard Model of elementary particle physics [1]. Weinberg argues eloquently that philosophy is more damaging than helpful for physics—although it might pro- vide some good ideas at times, it is often a straightjacket that physicists have to free themselves from. More radically, Stephen Hawking famously wrote that “philosophy is dead” because the big questions that used to be discussed by philosophers are now in the hands of physicists [2]. Similar views are widespread among scientists, and scientists do not keep them to themselves. -
Empiricism, Stances, and the Problem of Voluntarism
Swarthmore College Works Philosophy Faculty Works Philosophy 1-1-2011 Empiricism, Stances, And The Problem Of Voluntarism Peter Baumann Swarthmore College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-philosophy Part of the Philosophy Commons Let us know how access to these works benefits ouy Recommended Citation Peter Baumann. (2011). "Empiricism, Stances, And The Problem Of Voluntarism". Synthese. Volume 178, Issue 1. 27-36. DOI: 10.1007/s11229-009-9519-7 https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-philosophy/13 This work is brought to you for free by Swarthmore College Libraries' Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Empiricism, Stances and the Problem of Voluntarism Peter Baumann Synthese 178, 2011, 207-224 Empiricism can be very roughly characterized as the view that our knowledge about the world is based on sensory experience. Our knowledge about the world is "based" on sensory experience in the sense that we could not know what we know without relying on sense experience. This leaves open the possibility that sense experience is only necessary but not sufficient for the knowledge based upon it1-as long as the non-empirical elements are not themselves sufficient for the relevant piece of knowledge.2 The basing relation is not just a genetic one but also a justificatory one: Sense experience does not only lead to beliefs which happen to count as knowledge but also qualifies them as knowledge. In his important book The Empirical Stance Bas van Fraassen characterizes traditional empiricism at one point in a more negative way-as involving the rejection of "metaphysical" explanations which proceed by postulating the existence of something not 1 "But although all our cognition commences with experience, yet it does not on that account all arise from experience." (Kant, CpR, B1). -
The Role of Philosophy in a Naturalized World
EuJAP | Vol. 8 | No. 1 | 2012 ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER UDK: 1 Dummett, M. 1:53 530.1:140.8 113/119 THE ROLE OF PHILOSOPHY IN A NATURALIZED WORLD JAN FAYE University of Copenhagen ABSTRACT 1. Introduction This paper discusses the late Michael Dummett’s Why are humanists and natural scientists characterization of the estrangement between unable to understand one another? Th is physics and philosophy. It argues against those physicists who hold that modern physics, seems to be one of the two main questions rather than philosophy, can answer traditional that concern Sir Michael in his thought- metaphysical questions such as why there is provoking essay “Th e Place of Philosophy something rather than nothing. The claim is that in the European Culture.” He does not physics cannot solve metaphysical problems since metaphysical issues are in principle himself supply us with any defi nite answer, empirically underdetermined. The paper closes but suggests that philosophers in general with a critical discussion of the assumption of do not know much about the natural some cosmologists that the Universe was created sciences, and therefore do not dare to speak out of nothing: In contrast to this misleading up against the natural scientists (and those assumption, it is proposed that the Universe has a necessary existence and that the present epoch who do are not interested in the same kind after the Big Bang is a contingent realization of of problems as the scientists.) Moreover, the Universe. because of the great success of the natural sciences scientists are often arrogant by Keywords: : Dummett, physics, philosophy, meta- assuming that the only knowledge we physics, underdetermination, cosmology can have is the knowledge they are able to provide. -
PHIL 146: Philosophy of Physics Topic: Arrows of Time Fall 2019
PHIL 146: Philosophy of Physics Topic: Arrows of Time Fall 2019. UCSD Syllabus Instructor: Eddy Keming Chen Office: H&SS Room 8004 Email: [email protected] Website: www.eddykemingchen.net Version of October 1, 2019 1 Course Description This course will provide an introduction to topics in the philosophy of physics. Our focus will be on the problems of the arrows of time. 2 Course Information • Meeting time: Tuesday & Thursday 9:30 - 10:50 am. First class on Thur Sept 26. • Class location: Sequoyah Hall Room 148 • Office hours: Tuesday at 11:00am - 12:00pm, Thursday at 11:00am - 12:00pm. Other times by appointment. • Prerequisites: no formal requirements. But a solid high-school physics background would be recommended. A college-level physics background would definitely be sufficient. • Required texts: David Albert, Time and Chance (Harvard University Press, 2000; any version is fine). Sean Carroll, From Eternity to Here: The Quest for the Ultimate Theory of Time (Dutton, 2010; any version is fine). 1 3 Philosophy of Physics Why study philosophy of physics? Well, Phil Physics is one of the most exciting areas of philosophy; it brings together philosophy and physics, and it intersects many domains, such as philosophy of science, metaphysics, epistemology, logic, and philosophy of language! If you wonder about the following questions, then this course is for you! • What is the nature of space and time? What is the meaning of relativity? • How to make sense of quantum mechanics? • What is a physical field? What are particles? • What is the meaning of probability in physical theories? • What kind of things are laws of nature (such as Newton’s laws and the Schrörindger equation)? What are symmetries and invariances? • Why is mathematics so effective at describing the physical world, from medium- sized dry goods to fundamental physical theories? • How does physics relate to the rest of the sciences such as biology and psychology? • What is the place of the mind and of the consciousness in a physical world? We won’t be able to address all of these questions. -
CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS, and MEANING Author(S): TYLER BURGE Source: Metaphilosophy, Vol
CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS, AND MEANING Author(s): TYLER BURGE Source: Metaphilosophy, Vol. 24, No. 4 (October 1993), pp. 309-325 Published by: Wiley Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/24439033 Accessed: 11-04-2017 02:15 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/24439033?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Wiley is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Metaphilosophy This content downloaded from 128.97.244.236 on Tue, 11 Apr 2017 02:15:14 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms © The Metaphilosophy Foundation and Basil Blackwell Ltd. 1993. Published by Blackwell Publishers, 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK and 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA METAPHILOSOPHY Vol 24, No 4, October 1993 0026-1068 CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS, AND MEANING* ** TYLER BURGE The Aristotelian tradition produced many of the elements of what is widely thought of as "the traditional view" of concepts. I begin by attempting to summarize this view. The summary runs roughshod over numerous distinctions that were dear to various thinkers who contributed to this general conception of concepts. -
Journal of Transcendental Philosophy 2021; 2(1): 21–45
Journal of Transcendental Philosophy 2021; 2(1): 21–45 Brigitte Falkenburg* Edgar Wind on Experiment and Metaphysics https://doi.org/10.1515/jtph-2020-0038 Published online April 26, 2021 Abstract: The paper presents a detailed interpretation of Edgar Wind’s Experiment and Metaphysics (1934), a unique work on the philosophy of physics which broke with the Neo-Kantian tradition under the influence of American pragmatism. Taking up Cassirer’s interpretation of physics, Wind develops a holistic theory of the experiment and a constructivist account of empirical facts. Based on the concept of embodiment which plays a key role in Wind’s later writings on art history, he argues, however, that the outcomes of measurements are contingent. He then proposes an anti-Kantian conception of a metaphysics of nature. For him, nature is an unknown totality which manifests itself in discrepancies between theories and experiment, and hence the theory formation of physics can increas- ingly approximate the structure of nature. It is shown that this view is ambiguous between a transcendental, metaphysical realism in Kant’s sense and an internal realism in Putnam’s sense. Wind’s central claim is that twentieth century physics offers new options for resolving Kant’s cosmological antinomies. In particular, he connected quantum indeterminism with the possibility of human freedom, a connection that Cassirer sharply opposed. Keywords: cosmological antinomy, experiment, metaphysics, Edgar wind, embodiment 1 Introduction Edgar Wind’s Experiment and Metaphysics (Wind 1934, 2001) is a neglected work in the philosophy of science. When it was published, Wind, like Cassirer and many other scholars, had already left Germany. -
Mind, Meaning and Metaphilosophy Edited by Pasquale Frascolla, Diego Marconi and Alberto Voltolini, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2010, Pp
CRITICAL NOTICE Wittgenstein : Mind, Meaning and Metaphilosophy Edited by Pasquale Frascolla, Diego Marconi and Alberto Voltolini, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2010, pp. 304, £ 55.00 ISBN: 978-0-230-21941-0 (hardback) Reviewed by Derek A. McDougall Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again. It seemed to me I stood by the iron gate leading to the drive, and for a while I could not enter, for the way was barred to me. There was a padlock and a chain upon the gate. I called in my dream to the lodge-keeper, and had no answer, and peering closer through the rusted spokes to the gate I saw that the lodge was uninhabited. The first four sentences of Daphne du Maurier’s novel Rebecca are so well-known that they require no introduction. They express a perfectly ordinary understanding of what it is to have a dream as the occurrence of an experience undergone during our sleeping hours, that it would seem perverse to question it. Yet in those well-known passages in which Wittgenstein may appear to be questioning it by drawing our attention instead to the circumstances in which we talk about them, we ought rather to see him only as describing the features which belong to the language-game in which we recount our dreams. Insofar as we understand it to be a feature of this game that we report on waking what we have experienced whilst asleep, then that is what the game is about: there is no genuine question whether that is what it is really about, whether - as philosophers are inclined to put it - there is a ‘fact of the matter’ about what we experience whilst asleep, over and above or outwith this description of the familiar accounts we provide of what it is for us to dream. -
Prolegomena to Any Future History of Analytic Philosophy
r Metaphilosophy LLC and Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2004. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA METAPHILOSOPHY Vol. 35, No. 4, July 2004 0026-1068 PROLEGOMENA TO ANY FUTURE HISTORY OF ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY AARON PRESTON Abstract: The careful historical and metaphilosophical attention recently be- stowed upon analytic philosophy has revealed that traditional ways of defining it are inadequate. In the face of this inadequacy, contemporary authors have proposed new definitions that detach analytic philosophy from its turn of the twentieth century origins. I argue that this contemporary trend in defining analytic philosophy is misguided, and that it diminishes the likelihood of our coming to an accurate historical and metaphilosophical understanding of it. This is especially unsatisfactory since such understanding is essential to finding an adequate remedy for the widely perceived ills of contemporary analytic philosophy. I suggest that a more fruitful approach to developing such understanding might begin with treating the unity of analytic philosophy as illusory. Keywords: analytic philosophy, history of analytic philosophy, philosophical schools, philosophical unity. [H]e who introduces a new conception into philosophy is under an obligation to invent acceptable terms to express it, and when he has done so, the duty of his fellow students is to accept those terms, and to resent any wresting of them from their original meanings, as not only a gross discourtesy to him to whom philosophy was indebted for each conception, but also as an injury to philosophy itself. [Peirce 1982, 104] 1. Preliminary Remarks The following analysis of recent historical work on analytic philosophy presupposes a number of controversial ‘‘meta-issues’’ that, because of the limitations of space and scope necessarily imposed on a journal article, cannot adequately be developed here. -
Herr Kant, Der Alleszermalmer-Kant the "All-Crushing" Destroyer of Metaphysics: Metaphilosophy of the Critique of Pure Reason
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Philosophy Honors Theses Department of Philosophy Spring 5-18-2015 Herr Kant, der Alleszermalmer-Kant the "All-Crushing" Destroyer of Metaphysics: Metaphilosophy of the Critique of Pure Reason Jake De Backer Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/philosophy_hontheses Recommended Citation De Backer, Jake, "Herr Kant, der Alleszermalmer-Kant the "All-Crushing" Destroyer of Metaphysics: Metaphilosophy of the Critique of Pure Reason." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2015. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/philosophy_hontheses/12 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Philosophy at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HERR KANT, DER ALLESZERMALMER: THE “ALL-CRUSHING” DESTROYER OF METAPHYSICS KANT’S METAPHILOSOPHY IN THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON An Honors Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation with Undergraduate Research Honors Georgia State University 2015 by Jake Christopher de Backer Committee: Dr. Eric E. Wilson, Honors Thesis Director Dr. Sarah Cook, Honors College Associate Dean 27 April 2015 HERR KANT, DER ALLESZERMALMER: THE “ALL-CRUSHING” DESTROYER OF METAPHYSICS KANT’S METAPHILOSOPHY IN THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON by JAKE CHRISTOPHER DE BACKER Under the Direction of Dr. Eric E. Wilson ABSTRACT The Critique of Pure Reason inaugurated Kant’s Critical Philosophy. Commentators commonly distinguish between Kant’s Positive Project (PP), that is, his epistemology as laid out in the Transcendental Aesthetic and Transcendental Analytic, from his Negative Project (NP), expressed in terms of the destructive implications his epistemology has on speculative metaphysics and rational theology.