Modelo De Negocio Para Envío De Remesas a Perú Basada En

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Modelo De Negocio Para Envío De Remesas a Perú Basada En FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA Modelo de negocio para envío de remesas a Perú basada en infraestructura Blockchain Tesis para optar el Título de Ingeniero Industrial y de Sistemas Jose Joe Millones Collantes Rosaura Maria Claudia Seminario Chavez Asesor(es): Dr. Ing. Francisco Martín Palma Lama; Mgtr. Ing. Santos Manuel Calderón Cabanillas Piura, junio de 2021 Dedicatoria A Dios. A nuestros padres y familiares por todo su amor, apoyo y ahínco para cumplir esta meta. Queremos mostrar total agradecimiento por su amabilidad y acompañamiento en el desarrollo de esta tesis al Dr. Ing. Martín Palma y Mgtr. Ing. Manuel Calderón, quienes muy amablemente se reunieron con nosotros para evaluar los avances y brindar ideas sobre oportunidades de mejora en la duración de este proyecto. Resumen Se estima que son aproximadamente 300 mil familias peruanas las que actualmente son beneficiadas por remesas. Al ser un país emergente es una práctica común que peruanos trabajando en el exterior envíen dinero a sus familiares con la finalidad de mejorar, apoyar el estado socioeconómico, generar microempresas y capitalizar las ya existentes. Además, son esenciales para reducir la desigualdad y generar fuentes de ingreso. Es por ello que la ONU declara dentro de sus objetivos de desarrollo sostenible el N° 10: “Reducir la desigualdad en los países y entre ellos” tiene como una de sus metas: “De aquí a 2030, reducir a menos del 3 % los costos de transacción de las remesas de los migrantes y eliminar los corredores de remesas con un costo superior al 5%”. La presente tesis está orientada a definir un modelo de negocio para el envío de remesas a Perú bajo una nueva tecnología. La innovadora propuesta explota la tecnología Blockchain para tener una red P2P (peer to peer) con la finalidad de sincronizar el flujo de información y el flujo de fondos. Esto es posible porque Blockchain posee una red de mensajería al mismo tiempo de la red de liquidación, el tiempo de envío es casi en tiempo real y el costo es bajo. La motivación para realizar nuestra tesis fue satisfacer la necesidad que poseen los emigrantes peruanos de enviar remesas de una manera económica y rápida para dar soporte a sus familias en Perú. Tabla de contenido Introducción ...................................................................................................................................21 Capítulo 1 Marco metodológico ...............................................................................................23 1.1 Justificación ................................................................................................................................................ 23 1.1.1 Descripción de la justificación ...............................................................................................23 1.1.2 Limitaciones del estudio ..........................................................................................................25 1.2 Objetivos ...................................................................................................................................................... 25 1.2.1 Objetivo general ..........................................................................................................................25 1.2.2 Objetivos específicos ..................................................................................................................25 Capítulo 2 Marco teórico ............................................................................................................27 2.1 Emigración, inmigración y saldo migratorio .............................................................................. 27 2.1.1 Emigración ....................................................................................................................................27 2.1.2 Inmigración ...................................................................................................................................27 2.1.3 Saldo migratorio .........................................................................................................................27 2.2 Remesas ....................................................................................................................................................... 27 2.3 Agenda 2030 .............................................................................................................................................. 28 2.4 Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS) .................................................................................... 28 2.4.1 ODS 10: Reducir la desigualdad en y entre los países .................................................29 2.5 Blockchain ................................................................................................................................................... 30 2.6 Elementos básicos de blockchain ..................................................................................................... 30 2.6.1 Nodos................................................................................................................................................30 2.6.2 Protocolo de comunicación ....................................................................................................30 2.6.3 Redes P2P (peer-to-peer) ........................................................................................................30 2.7 Fundamentos de blockchain ............................................................................................................... 30 10 2.7.1 Bloque ..............................................................................................................................................30 2.7.2 Criptografía ...................................................................................................................................30 2.7.3 Consenso .........................................................................................................................................30 2.8 Transacciones con criptomonedas ................................................................................................. 32 2.9 Tipos de blockchain ................................................................................................................................ 32 2.9.1 Públicas ...........................................................................................................................................32 2.9.2 Privadas ..........................................................................................................................................33 2.10 Métodos de encriptación en blockchain ....................................................................................... 33 2.10.1 Función Hash ................................................................................................................................33 2.10.2 Double Hash y Merkel tree ......................................................................................................34 2.11 Tipos de criptografía en blockchain ................................................................................................ 34 2.11.1 Criptografía simétrica ..............................................................................................................34 2.11.2 Criptografía asimétrica............................................................................................................34 2.12 XRP Ledger ................................................................................................................................................. 38 2.12.1 Ledger ..............................................................................................................................................38 2.12.2 Tipos de ledger .............................................................................................................................39 2.12.3 Transacciones ...............................................................................................................................40 2.12.4 Consenso .........................................................................................................................................41 2.13 Ripple y RippleNet .................................................................................................................................. 42 Capítulo 3 Análisis del entorno ................................................................................................45 3.1 Entorno económico ................................................................................................................................ 45 3.1.1 Internacional ................................................................................................................................45 3.1.2 Nacional ..........................................................................................................................................47 3.2 Entorno tecnológico ............................................................................................................................... 49 3.2.1 Internacional ................................................................................................................................49 3.2.2 Nacional ..........................................................................................................................................53 3.3 Entorno sociodemográfico .................................................................................................................
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