The Fossil Stalk-Eyed Crustacea of the Pacific Slope of North America
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 138 THE FOSSIL STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE OF NORTH AMERICA BY MARY J. RATHBUN Associate in Zoology, United States National Museum WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1926 ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organi zations and to specialists and others interested in the different sub jects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. The Bulletin, the first of which was issued in 1875, consists of a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasion ally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, cata logues of type-specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum. The present work forms No. 138 of the Bulletin series. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. WASHINGTON, D. C, November 8, 1926. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction _ _ _ _ _ ____ 1 Fossil stalk-eyed Crustacea of the Pacific slope of North America:._ _ _ _ ' 3 Species arranged according to age _-__ — — 5 New species :- 7 New name _ _ ~ _ — 8 New genus : _ _______ 8 Species whose nearest relatives now live in similar latitudes 8 Species whose nearest relatives now live in lower latitudes 9 Genera now extinct — 9 Recent genera not before recorded as fossil- ___•_. 10 Localities in geographical order with the species found at each. 11 Systematic list '_, _ _ T - - - — 22 Order Decapoda 22 Tribe Brachyura 22 Subtribe Brachygnatha . — 22 Superfamily Oxyrhyncha _ 22 Family Majidae 22 Genus Pyromaia •______ 22 Pyromaia tuberculata 22 Genus Pugettia _ 23 Pugettia producta 23 richii ...___' 23 Genus Scyra 24 Scyra acutifrons :__- 24 Genus Loxorhynchus 24 Loxorhynchus grandis .__ 24 Loxorhynchus crispatus , 25 Genus Chorilia 25 Chorilia, species. 25 Genus Libinia . 26 Libinia setosa 26 Family Parthenopidae 26 Genus Mesorhoea 26 Mesorhoea idae 27 Genus Heterocrypta _. 28 Heterocrypta occidentalis !__' 28 Superfamily Brachyrhyncha 29 Family Ocypodidae .__ 2& Genus Uca , 29 Uca oldroydi .__' 29 hamlini : 30 Genus Archaeopus .__ 31 Archaeopus antennatus 31 ' in IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Superfamily Brachyrhyncha—Continued. Page Family Grapsidae____ _ 32 Genus Hemigrapsus 32 Hemigrapsus, species 32 nudus 33 oregonensis- _ ___ 33 Family Pinnotheridae.._ _ _ 34 Genus Pinnixa 34 Pinnixa eocenica 34 Family Goneplacidae 35 Genus Plagiolophus__ ________ :__•_ 35 Plagiolophus weaveri __-.__ ;•_ _ _ 35 ; vancouverensis ;_____ 37 Genus Pilumnoplax •___ 37 Pilumnoplax carmanahensis _ _ _ 38 hannibalanus __ 39 soledadensis _ _ 41 Genus Branchioplax . '_•__--_-— 42 Branchioplax washingtoniana. _ _ 42 Genus Eucrate__ •'__'_ 44 Eucrate martini 44 Genus Coeloma _ —_ — 45 Coeloma martinezensis 46 Family Xanthidae 47 - Genus Zanthopsis ; 47 Zanthopsis vulgaris 48 hendersonianus 53 sternbergi __ 54 Genus Lophopanopeus '____: '.___ 55 Lophopanopeus diegensis : 56 leucomanus _ 56 lockingtoni 57 olearis 57 Genus Cycloxanthops 58 Cycloxanthops novemdentatus .--. 58 Familj'" Cancridae ; 59 Genus Cancer ._..__. '. 59 Cancer gabbi :_'— 59 bainbridgensis _• 60 fissus 1 „______'____ 60 urbanus L 61 productus 62 branneri __'_____' 63 anthonyi ;_ : 64 jordani __'__ 64 magister '__._-__________'"'" 64 gracilis 65 Genus Branchiolambrus . _'_"_ 65 Branchiolambrus altus ._J________'J 65 Family Portunidae __'__' 66 Genus Carcinides- 66 Carcinides minor__ '__ ____'_" 1 66 TABLE OF CONTENTS V Tribe Brachyura—Continued. Superfamily Brachyrhyncha—Continued. Family Portunidae—Continued. Page Genus Portunites __________;—_-_ 68 Portunites triangulum - 68 insculpta _ •_ _ 71 alaskensis ___.----_ 72 Genus Portunus __— _ 75 Portunus (Portunus) xantusii _ 75 Genus Callinectes ____ 75 Callinectes bellicosus 75 Subtribe Oxystomata : _.__ 76 Family Leucosiidae •____ 76 Genus Randallia _ _. _ _ 76 Randallia ornata _ 76 pleistocenica ___ 77 Genus Persephona 77 Persephona bigranulata. _ 78 Family Calappidae_ '_, 79 Genus Calappa 79 Calappa lanensis _• _ _ 79 Genus Mursia 81 Mursia yaquinensis 81 marcusana 82 Genus Hepatus_ 84 Hepatus lineatus . 84 Genus Necrocarcinus _ 84 Necrocarcinus hannae 84 Subtribe Dromiacea 85 Superfamily Homolidea 85 Family Homolidae '. 85 Genus Homolopsis 86 Homolopsis richardsoni : _ 86 Genus Palehomola 86 Palehomola gorrelli 86 Superfamily Dromiidea _ _: " 87 Family Dromiidae 87 Genus Graptocarcinus__ 88 Graptocarcinus(?) species ___' ____" 88 Subtribe Gymnopleura 89 Family Raninidae : ._ 89 Genus Ranina 89 Ranina tejoniana 90 americana 91 Genus Raninoides ,. 92 Raninoides vaderensis. 93 lewisanus 94 dickersoni 94 washburnei ; 95 eugenensis 96 f ulgidus 96 asper 98 Genus Ranidina 99 Ranidina willapensis !___ 99 Genus Eumorphocorystes 100 Eumorphocorystes naselensis. 100 Genus Palaeocorystes 101 Palaeocorystes harveyi 101 Vr TABLE OF CONTENTS Pago Tribe Anomura __. _.___, 101 Superfamily Paguridea __ •__. 101 Family Paguridae 101 Genus Paguristes _______ __ 101 Paguristes, species 102 Genus Dardanus .__•_ 102 Dardanus subaequalis 102 arno!di___ __ __ 103 Genus Pagurus 105 Pagurus granosimanus ; 105 Superfamily Thalassinidea ___________•_ 105 Family Callianassidae _.___-__-______ 105 Genus Callianassa . 105 Callianassa whiteavesii "__ 107 stimpsonii ----- 107 incerta ^---. 108 kewana 109 fresnoensis _ 109 umpquaensis 110 kriapptonensis .___ 112 cowlitzensis 113 clallamensis 114 twinensis ___ 115 bandonensis . 118 porterensis ':___ 119 oregonensis_ _ 121 longimana 122 stephensi. _•_ 122 Genus Upogebia __ !____ 124 Upogebia (Upogebia) e6cenica_____ _ 124 Superfamily Hippidea 126 Family Albuneidae 126 Genus Blepharipoda 126 Blepharipoda brucei _ _ 126 Tribe Astacura _ 127 Family Erymaidae _ _: 127 Genus Eryma 127 Eryma dawsoni 128 Genus Enoploclytia 128 Enoploclytia minor 128 Family Astacldae r- 128 Genus Meyeria ; ___: 128 Meyeria (?) harveyi___ . 129 Genus Hoploparia J. 129 Hoploparia bennetti 129 Hoploparia (?) species 129 Genus Astacus 130 Astacus chenoderma 130 Tribe Palinura. 133 Superfamily Glypheidea ._ 133 Family Glypheidae 133 Genus Glyphea 133 Gfyphea, species 134 TABLE OF CONTENTS VII Tribe Palinura—Continued. Page Superfamily Scyllaridea 134 Family Palinuridae 134 Genus Podocratus 134 Podocratus canadensis 134 vancouverensis 135 Order Stomatopoda 135 Family Chloridellidae _ 135 Genus Chloridella 135 Chloridella sonomana 136 Genus PseudosquiUa ^ 137 PseudosquiUa adelaidensis 137 Bibliography 138 Explanation of plates 140 Addendum 148 Family Majidae 148 Genus Macrocheira 148 Maerocheira teglandi 148 Index 151 THE FOSSIL STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE OF NORTH AMERICA By MARY J. RATHBTTN Associate m Zoology, United States National Museum INTRODUCTION Some years ago Prof. Bruce L. Clark, of the University of Cali fornia, sent me for study a collection ofMDligocene crabs obtained in Washington and Vancouver Island by Harold Hannibal for Stan ford University. The material proved so interesting that an effort was made to gather together all the fossil decapod Crustacea from the Pacific slope which were scattered in museums and in private collections. Among the contributors besides the University of California were the following: The University of Oregon, through Dr. Earl L. Packard; the University of Washington, through Dr. Charles E. Weaver and Dr. Katherine Van Winkle Palmer; the California Academy of Sciences, through Dr. B. W. Evermann and Dr. G. Dallas Hanna; Stanford University, through Mrs. Ida S. Oldroyd; the San Diego Society of Natural History, through Mrs. Kate Stephens; the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, through Dr. H. A. Pilsbry; the Yale University Museum, through Dr. Charles ^ Schuchert; the Provincial Museum, Victoria, B. C, through F. Kermode and Dr. C. F. Newcombe; T. S. Oldroyd, Palo Alto, California; Dr. F. C. Clark, Santa Monica, California; Marcus A. Hanna, University of Washington; Oscar Gorrell, principal of the public schools, Sutherlin, Oregon; and R. H. Palmer, Palo Alto, California. The collections in the National Museum also were placed at my disposal. These consist chiefly of material transferred by the United States Geological Survey, and obtained by Chester W. Wash- burne and other geologists, among them Dr. J. C. Schenk, Dr. Ralph Arnold, Robert Anderson, Dr. J. S. Diller, H. J. Karstner, Dr. G. C. Martin, and Dr. L. F. Noble. Other contributors to the museum collection are C. R. Orcutt and Frank Stephens. Aside from the work done by Woodward and Whiteaves on the British Columbia Cretaceous, very little has been written about the fossil Crustacea of the Pacific slope.