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The Earth System Governance Project As a Network Organization Biermann Et Al Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect The Earth System Governance Project as a network organization: a critical assessment after ten years 1 2 3 Frank Biermann , Michele M Betsill , Sarah Burch , 4 5 6 John Dryzek , Christopher Gordon , Aarti Gupta , 7 8 1 Joyeeta Gupta , Cristina Inoue , Agni Kalfagianni , 9 10 ˚ 11 Norichika Kanie , Lennart Olsson , Asa Persson , 12 13 Heike Schroeder and Michelle Scobie The social sciences have engaged since the late 1980s in Introduction international collaborative programmes to study questions of The social sciences have engaged since the late 1980s in sustainability and global change. This article offers an in-depth international collaborative programmes to study ques- analysis of the largest long-standing social-science network in tions of sustainability and global environmental change. this field: the Earth System Governance Project. Originating as Our article offers a reflection of what is currently the a core project of the former International Human Dimensions largest long-standing social-science network in this field: Programme on Global Environmental Change, the Earth the Earth System Governance Project. This network System Governance Project has matured into a global, self- originated in 2008 as a core project of the former Interna- sustaining research network, with annual conferences, tional Human Dimensions Programme on Global Envi- numerous taskforces, research centers, regional research ronmental Change (IHDP), after having been developed fellow meetings, three book series, an open access flagship in an international consultative planning process from journal, and a lively presence in social media. The article 2006 onwards. After ten years of operation, the Earth critically reviews the experiences of the Earth System System Governance Project has matured into a global, Governance network and its integration and interactions with self-sustaining network of thousands of scientists, with other programmes over the last decade. annual conferences, numerous taskforces, affiliated research centers, regional fellow networks, three book Addresses series, its own peer-reviewed flagship journal, an affiliated 1 Utrecht University, The Netherlands 2 foundation, and a lively presence in social media. On this Colorado State University, United States 3 basis, the Project is set to continue its operations for the University of Waterloo, Canada 4 University of Canberra, Australia foreseeable future, in contrast to many similar global 5 University of Ghana, Ghana change projects, especially in the social sciences, which 6 Wageningen University, The Netherlands have usually ended after around ten years of operation. 7 University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands 8 University of Brasilia, Brazil 9 What are the experiences of the earth system governance Keio University, Japan 10 Lund University, Sweden research community? Where did the community succeed 11 Stockholm Environment Institute and Linko¨ ping University, Sweden and fail, what innovations flourished or did not take off, 12 University of East Anglia, United Kingdom 13 and which strategies achieved what they were designed University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago for? What lessons can be drawn for building, maintaining Corresponding author: Biermann, Frank ([email protected]) and transforming research networks in global change and sustainability science? How can global research networks become more global, in terms of both membership and Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2019, 39:17–23 capacity building—what mechanisms work, and which This review comes from a themed issue on Open issue ones result in merely symbolic success? Can academic Edited by Eduardo Brondizio, Opha Pauline Dube, William Solecki networks create the much-needed solution-orientation and policy impact? This review attempts to address these vital questions for the governance of global research Received: 12 December 2018; Accepted: 05 April 2019 networks. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.04.004 Connecting people and places for the planet 1877-3435/ã 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an The evolution and growth of the Earth System Gover- open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creative- nance Project, and the way it has gone from strength to commons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). strength even after the demise of its original IHDP www.sciencedirect.com Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2019, 39:17–23 18 Open issue sponsor, constitute a puzzle. While most global change subprojects, writing events and policy engagement. A projects closed after a decade of operation, the Earth special early career award – the Oran Young System Governance Project has just elected a new lead- Award – rewards the best conference papers and further ership committee and published a new Science and supports and stimulates younger scholars. Implementation Plan for the 2019–2028 period [1 ]; and the community is all set to further expand its opera- Finally, as a network organization the Earth System tions, following its motto developed in 2007: connecting Governance Project has invested in global community people and places for the planet. outreach from the outset, with an extensive website [5], a Facebook presence [6], several Twitter accounts [7], a A network of people LinkedIn group [8], a newsletter, the hosting of recep- We explain this success of the Earth System Governance tions and dinners at partner alliances and various other Project, first, by a deliberate strategy of forming an open means. All in all, this has allowed the network to further but integrated community of scholars – a network of grow and to cumulatively reach several thousand scien- people – who share a vision of global research collaboration tists, practitioners and increasingly the general public. beyond the constraints of narrow disciplines, traditional pro- fessional associations and isolated local research communities. A network of places In a world of continuous struggle for research funding and One mechanism employed to build this community is the the increasing precariousness of academic careers, any Project’s long-standing practice of inviting scholars from transnational academic network benefits from a strong all over the world to become formally affiliated as backbone of globally leading research institutions that ‘research fellows’ [2,3]. Research fellows organize their support and sponsor the diverse scholarly community. own activities, including summer schools, research visits, Since 2009, the Global Alliance of Earth System Gover- online training sites and in some regions elect their own nance Research Centers fulfils this vital role [3]. This representatives. Mid-level and full professors are affili- alliance brings together a dozen major research units in ated with the Project as ‘senior research fellows’. In the field of earth system governance research. In addition addition, the Project launched early on its ‘Lead Faculty’, to advancing the Earth System Governance Science a small global community of the most senior scholars in Plans, research centers typically host the annual confer- the field of earth system governance [4,3]. While research ences of the network, and many of their scientists are fellows may apply to join the Project on their own initia- fellows or Lead Faculty of the Project as well. They tive, Lead Faculty are invited through a formal nomina- support – also financially – a variety of events, including tion and appointment process, undertaken by the by ‘co-hosting’ conferences held by other partners, as well Project’s Scientific Steering Committee. The Lead Fac- as by engaging in further collaboration, for example in the ulty, hence, follow the more traditional mores of national development of joint teaching programmes. academies, furthering the engagement of the most prom- inent scholars in the field. This membership structure of A focus on the planet the Project allows involvement and formal affiliation for No network can survive and grow without a sense of scholars of all career stages, from research fellows, senior purpose. The Earth System Governance Project has been research fellows up to Lead Faculty, in a system that purposefully built around a novel concept that was combines global research and openness with a degree of advanced by the Project’s founder in the mid-2000s, formal affiliation. ‘earth system’ governance [9]. The notion of earth system governance expressed a new vision beyond This community of people thrive through the annual ‘environmental’ politics, expanding this traditional open science conferences that the Earth System Gover- research domain to focus on broader planetary transfor- nance Project organizes. These annual conferences rotate mation processes, novel global interdependencies, new between different continents, and have ranged from understandings of nature-society relations, and multiple Amsterdam to Colorado, Lund, Tokyo, East Anglia, and expanding spatial teleconnections [10]. Earth system Canberra, Nairobi, and most recently Utrecht. These governance also brings in a new perspective on integrated conferences are important gathering venues for the earth socio-ecological systems, and emphasizes a research focus system governance research community, with many dis- on systemic challenges such as the global water system, cussions being carried on from conference to conference ocean acidification, desertification, sea-level rise, food over the years. The annual conferences strive for
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