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Typesetting Khalfaoui
Pluralism and Plurality in Islamic Legal Scholarship The Modern Muslim World 11 Series Editorial Board Marcia Hermansen Martin Nguyen Hina Azam Joas Wagemakers Ussama Makdisi Advisory Editorial Board Talal Asad Tijana Krstic Khaled Abou El Fadl Ebrahim Moosa Amira Bennison Adam Sabra Islam Dayeh Armando Salvatore Marwa Elshakry Adam Talib Rana Hisham Issa This series will provide a platform for scholarly research on Islamic and Muslim thought, emerging from any geographical area and dated to any period from the 17th century until the present day. Pluralism and Plurality in Islamic Legal Scholarship The Case of the Fatāwā l-ʿĀlamgīrīya Mouez Khalfaoui gp 2021 Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com 2021 Copyright © by Gorgias Press LLC All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC. 2021 ܘ 1 ISBN 978-1-4632-4231-2 gp Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A Cataloging-in-Publication Record is available at the Library of Congress. Printed in the United States of America TABLE OF CONTENTS Author’s Preface for the English Translation ............................ ix Introduction .............................................................................. 1 1. The Historical Context: South Asia in the Seventeenth Century ...................................................................... 2 2. Interfaith Relations in Seventeenth-Century South Asia ........................................................................... 6 3. Pluralism: More Than Just Tolerance ........................... 12 4. Corpus, Hypothesis and Research Method ................... 14 5. Aims and Methodology ................................................ 20 Chapter One. -
List of Entries
List of Entries A Ahmad Raza Khan Barelvi 9th Month of Lunar Calendar Aḥmadābād ‘Abd al-Qadir Bada’uni Ahmedabad ‘Abd’l-RaḥīmKhān-i-Khānān Aibak (Aybeg), Quṭb al-Dīn Abd al-Rahim Aibek Abdul Aleem Akbar Abdul Qadir Badauni Akbar I Abdur Rahim Akbar the Great Abdurrahim Al Hidaya Abū al-Faḍl ‘Alā’ al-Dīn Ḥusayn (Ghūrid) Abū al-Faḍl ‘Allāmī ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Khaljī Abū al-Faḍl al-Bayhaqī ʿAlāʾ al-DīnMuḥammad Shāh Khaljī Abū al-Faḍl ibn Mubarak ‘Alā’ ud-Dīn Ḥusain Abu al-Fath Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar ʿAlāʾ ud-Dīn Khiljī Abū al-KalāmAzād AlBeruni Abū al-Mughīth al-Ḥusayn ibn Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj Al-Beruni Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī AlBiruni Abu’l Fazl Al-Biruni Abu’l Fazl ‘Allāmī Alfī Movements Abu’l Fazl ibn Mubarak al-Hojvīrī Abū’l Kalām Āzād Al-Huda International Abū’l-Fażl Bayhaqī Al-Huda International Institute of Islamic Educa- Abul Kalam tion for Women Abul Kalam Azad al-Hujwīrī Accusing Nafs (Nafs-e Lawwāma) ʿAlī Garshāsp Adaran Āl-i Sebüktegīn Afghan Claimants of Israelite Descent Āl-i Shansab Aga Khan Aliah Madrasah Aga Khan Development Network Aliah University Aga Khan Foundation Aligarh Muslim University Aga Khanis Aligarh Muslim University, AMU Agyaris Allama Ahl al-Malāmat Allama Inayatullah Khan Al-Mashriqi Aḥmad Khān Allama Mashraqi Ahmad Raza Khan Allama Mashraqui # Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature 2018 827 Z. R. Kassam et al. (eds.), Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism, Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1267-3 828 List of Entries Allama Mashriqi Bangladesh Jamaati-e-Islam Allama Shibili Nu’mani Baranī, Żiyāʾ al-Dīn Allāmah Naqqan Barelvīs Allamah Sir Muhammad Iqbal Barelwīs Almaniyya BāyazīdAnṣārī (Pīr-i Rōshan) Almsgiving Bāyezīd al-Qannawjī,Muḥammad Ṣiddīq Ḥasan Bayhaqī,Abūl-Fażl Altaf Hussain Hali Bāzīd Al-Tawḥīd Bedil Amīr ‘Alī Bene Israel Amīr Khusrau Benei Manasseh Amir Khusraw Bengal (Islam and Muslims) Anglo-Mohammedan Law Bhutto, Benazir ʿAqīqa Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali Arezu Bīdel Arkān al-I¯mān Bidil Arzu Bilgrāmī, Āzād Ārzū, Sirāj al-Dīn ‘Alī Ḳhān (d. -
A Study of Fatawas (Religious Decrees)
PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(3): 2996-3002 ISSN: 00333077 A STUDY OF FATAWAS (RELIGIOUS DECREES) REGARDING TEACHING AND LEARNING ENGLISH LANGUAGE Muhammad Imran Saeed Lecturer, Humanities Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus [email protected] Dr Saeed Ahmad Assistant Professor, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar Campus [email protected] Muhmmad Nasir Lecturer, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab Multan [email protected] ABSTRACT: The present study discusses Muslim religious scholars' attitudes in the sub-continent when it was under British rulers' influence. The study focuses on the causes of religious scholars' indifference and their hostile attitudes towards the English language in the pre-partition era. The data has been collected from various fatawa books written by Muslim religious scholars during the pre-partition period. Researchers analyse the fatawas (religious decrees) under the paradigm of Islam and English language and attitudes of religious scholars in the pre- partition era. The fatawas has been examined through a content analysis of the text. The study's findings reveal that Muslim religious scholars were against English language learning and teaching to such an extent that they issued Fatawas declaring that learning and teaching English was illegitimate (Najaiz) because they believed that Christian missionaries were against Muslims and Islam. The findings further suggest that future English language curriculum planning should consider society’s cultural and religious requirements so that everyone in the community can learn English according to their needs. The study also highlights cultural harmony from the perspective of English language learning. KEYWORDS: Fatawas, Religious Scholars, Teaching and Learning, and English Language Article Received: 10 August 2020, Revised: 25 October 2020, Accepted: 18 November 2020 BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW: years. -
468 Classical and Modernist Approaches to the Miracles
e-Şarkiyat İlmi Araştırmalar Dergisi/Journal of Oriental Scientific Research (JOSR) ISSN:1308-9633 Ağustos-2019 Cilt:11 Sayı:2 (24) / August-2019 Volume:11 Issue:2 (24) Sayfa:468-479 CLASSICAL AND MODERNIST APPROACHES TO THE MIRACLES IN THE QUR’AN: A DIACHRONIC REVIEW Ahmet Özdemir Abstract In the last two centuries, an increasing number of Muslim scholars have adopted a modernist/decontextualisation approach to the interpretation of the Quran. This adoption is attributable to their worldviews or philosophical approaches that have changed over time. Instead of looking for primary and contextual meanings of words and miraculous events addressed in the Qur’an, they prefer to look at the connotative meanings, which are out of the context. This review argues that such decontextualized interpretations substantially contradict Quranic principles and contextual meanings of miracles. Muslim and non-Muslim, classical and modernist approaches to the Quranic miracles need to be reconsidered, so as to avoid or reduce misinterpretations. For this aim, the author has applied a diachronic (semantic) method of reviewing different approaches to definitions or conceptions of miracles in Arabic dictionaries, Islamic literature, classical standpoints, and modernist viewpoints. Keywords: Quran, Tafsir, Miracle, Semantic, Diachronic Review KUR’ÂN’DA GEÇEN MUCİZELERE KLASİK VE MODERNİST YAKLAŞIMLAR: ART-SÜREMLİ BİR İNCELEME Öz Son iki yüzyıl içinde, giderek artan sayıda Müslüman alim Kuran'ın yorumlanmasında modernist bir yaklaşım benimsemiştir. Bu benimseme, zaman içinde değişen dünya görüşlerine veya felsefi yaklaşımlara bağlanabilir. Bir çok alim, Kur'an'da geçen kavramların ve mucizevi olayların birincil ve bağlamsal anlamlarını aramak yerine, bağlam dışında kalan çağrışımsal anlamlara bakmayı tercih etmektedir. -
Submitted By
EXTREMISM-TERRORISM IN THE NAME OF ISLAM IN PAKISTAN: CAUSES & COUNTERSTRATEGY Submitted by: RAZA RAHMAN KHAN QAZI PhD SCHOLAR DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR (DECEMBER 2012) 1 EXTREMISM-TERRORISM IN THE NAME OF ISLAM IN PAKISTAN: CAUSES & COUNTERSTRATEGY Submitted BY RAZA RAHMAN KHAN QAZI PhD SCHOLAR Supervised By PROF. DR. IJAZ KHAN A dissertation submitted to the DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR, PESHAWAR In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN International Relations December 2012 2 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this dissertation is the outcome of my individual research and it has not been submitted to any other university for the grant of a degree. Raza Rahman khan Qazi 3 APPROVAL CERTIFICATE Pakhtuns and the War on Terror: A Cultural Perspective Dissertation Presented By RAZA RAHMAN KHAN QAZI To the Department of International Relations University of Peshawar In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Ph.D. in International Relations December 2012 We, the undersigned have examined the thesis entitled “Extremism-Terrorism in the Name of Islam in Pakistan: Causes & Counterstrategy” written by Raza Rahman Khan Qazi, a Ph.D. Scholar at the Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar and do hereby approve it for the award of Ph.D. Degree. APPROVED BY: Supervisor: ___________________________________ PROF. DR. IJAZ KHAN Professor Department of International Relations University of Peshawar External Examiner: ………………………………………………. Dean: ________________________________________ PROF. DR. NAEEM-UR-REHMAN KHATTAK Faculty of Social sciences University of Peshawar Chairman: _______________________________________ PROF.DR. ADNAN SARWAR KHAN Department of International Relations University of Peshawar 4 INTRODUCTION The World in the post Cold War period and particularly since the turn of the 21st Century has been experiencing peculiar multidimensional problems that have seriously threatened human and state security. -
Iranian Revolution, Khomeini and the Shi'ite Faith
Iranian Revolution, Khomeini and The Shi’ite Faith By Maulana Mohammad Manzoor Nomani Source: http://www.tauheed-sunnat.com/sunnat/content/sect- deviation-from-straight-path-of-islam Table of contents • 01. Forward • 02. Preface • 03. The nature of Iranian Revolution and its Foundation • 04. Khomeini in the light of his own books • 05. Holy Companions ( First Two Caliphs ) • 06. Kashf-ul-Israr • 07. Shia'ite Faith defined • 08. Isna-e-Ashariyya and the Doctrine of Imamate • 09. The Quran, The Imamate and the Imams Shia'ite View point • 10. Like the apostles, the Imams, too were Nominated by God • 11. The Absent Imam • 12. The incident of Ghadir-e-Khum and thereafter • 13. Some other views and precepts about Hazrat Abu Bakr (r.a) and Hazrat Omar (r.a) Satan was the first to pledge fealty to Abu Bakr (r.a) 01. Forward Submitted by admin on Sat, 03/07/2009 - 02:17 In the Name of God, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful, the One and Unique. All praise to God and salutations and blessing upon His Prophet (s.a.w.w). What was the first and exemplary period of Islam like? What were the practical results of the training and guidance imparted and bestowed by the greatest and the last Prophet of God? What was the life and character of the people who had received guidance and instruction directly at his hands ? Was it, in any way, different from that of the founders of national, racial or family kingdom, sand of the seekers of power and authority? What was the Prophet’s conduct in relation to his family and what was the attitude of the family -
A Critique of Iman (Faith): the Quranic Perspective Zamir Akhtar Khan
A Critique of Iman (faith): The Quranic Perspective Zamir Akhtar Khan Abstract The present treatise discusses the synthesis of faith within the Qur'anic paradigm and the Qur’anic mode of reasoning for recognizing the existence of God and the role of the human intellect in this pursuit. The treatise is aimed at paving the way in stimulating the hearts and minds of the modern Muslims towards the Book of Allah (SWT).It will help them in turning their attention to the real remedy of our malady – the acquisition of conscious faith and reasoned commitment as outlined in the Qur'an. Keywords: Faith, Islam, Quran, Iman Introduction One of the most prominent factors leading to the continuing decline of the Muslim Ummah is the shift of emphasis among the Muslims from metaphysico-moral pursuits to material concerns. The modern Muslim intellectuals – spellbound by the material progress and dazzling exterior of the western civilization and dismayed by the inability, indeed the sheer refusal, of the ulama to counter the western philosophical onslaught – sought to uplift the Muslims from their woeful predicament and prescribed the medicine of modernization and de-Islamization. The process of modernization is rooted in scientism – the belief that the Truth can only be arrived at via the scientific method of investigation. The scientific method is limited to the sensorial, material realm and denies, or at least is skeptical of; the spiritual, moral and metaphysical dimensions Zamir Akhtar Khan, Ph.D Research Scholar, Dept. of Islamiyat, University of Peshawar. Email: [email protected] A Critique of Iman (faith): The Quranic Perspective Zamir Akhtar Khan of life. -
Islamic History at a Glance
Islamic History At a Glance By Razi Ata Karim Khalifa of Shaikh Maulana Hakim Mohammed Akhtar (Daamat Barakaatuhum) 1 ISLAMIC HISTORY AT A GLANCE Web:- islamichistory.com INTRODUCTION The book in general has been written for the Muslims and specially for the young generation so as to know what our Prophet Mohammed SA, Sahaba (followers of Prophet SA), Tabayee (followers of Sahaba), Taba Tabayee (followers of Tabayee) and the Khulafa (Caliphs) had given sacrifices for spreading Islam, and what are those basic qualities which were present in their lives due to which people of the world accepted Islam. It also gives us the lesson that Islam has spread by the moral characters, justice and kindness of the Muslims. Since the fall of Muslim Khilafat (Caliphate) almost a century has passed, but the Ummat (Muslim people) could not rise up again only because of not following the complete deen (religion) collectively. Islam has stopped spreading in the world and rather going out from the lives of Muslims because we have lost those qualities and character which were present in the lives of Sahaba RA. Now the only solution for getting out of this disgrace, humility and calamity is, to go through the Islamic history and find out how the Sahaba followed the teachings of Prophet Mohammed SA and developed those qualities by which they spread the Islam and attained the honour and grace in the eyes of Almighty Allah(God), and then Almighty Allah blessed them in the holy book Quran with the glad tidings of "Allah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Allah". -
Arabic Books Published in India an Annotated Bibliography
ARABIC BOOKS PUBLISHED IN INDIA AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LIBRARY SCIENCE 1986-86 BY ISHTIYAQUE AHMAD Roll No, 85-M. Lib. Sc.-02 Enrolment No. S-2247 Under the Supervision of Mr. AL-MUZAFFAR KHAN READER DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH 1986 ,. J^a-175 DS975 SJO- my. SUvienJU ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is not possible for me to thank adequately prof, M.H. Rizvi/ University Librarian and Chairman Department of Library Science. His patronage indeed had always been a source of inspiration, I stand deeply indebted to my supervisor, Mr. Al- Muzaffar Khan, Reader, Department of Library Science without whom invaluable suggestions and worthy advice, I would have never been able to complete the work. Throughout my stay in the department he obliged me by unsparing help and encouragement. I shall be failing in my daties if I do not record the names of Dr. Hamid All Khan, Reader, Department of Arabic and Mr, Z.H. Zuberi, P.A., Library of Engg. College with gratitude for their co-operation and guidance at the moment I needed most, I must also thank my friends M/s Ziaullah Siddiqui and Faizan Ahmad, Research Scholars, Arabic Deptt., who boosted up my morals in the course of wtiting this dis sertation. My sincere thanks are also due to S. Viqar Husain who typed this manuscript. ALIGARH ISHl'ltAQUISHTIYAQUE AAHMA D METHODOLOBY The present work is placed in the form of annotation, the significant Arabic literature published in India, The annotation of 251 books have been presented. -
Chapter 1: CONSOLIDATION of the BRITISH RULE
Chapter 1: CONSOLIDATION OF THE BRITISH RULE Exercise: 1. Fill in the blanks: a) trade b) Indian c) India d) Archaeology e) Legislative 2. Choose the correct answer: a) i. 1858 b) iii. Lawrence c) i. missionary d) ii. Education e) iii. Public Works 3. Write short answers to the following: a. When was the East India Company established? Ans: The East India Company was established on 31st December, 1600. It was a trading organization, established by the British government for the purpose of trade in India. b. When and to whom was the power shifted from East India Company and who approved it? Ans: The power of governing India was shifted from East India Company to the British Crown on 1st November, 1858. This announcement was a part of Queen Victoria’s Proclamation which was read out by Lord Canning at Allahabad Darbar. c. What happened to the Princely States after the transfer of power? Ans: After the transfer of power, the Princely States were given autonomy to retain and exercise their powers within their states. They were given due respect by the British. However, they were bound to be loyal to the Crown. d. Describe the salient points of Factory Act 1881. Ans: The Factory Act of 1881 was imposed to reduce the plight of factory workers in India. It was adopted during the period of Lord Ripon. Salient features of the Act are given below: i. The act prohibited employment of children under the age 7. ii. The working hours were limited to a maximum of 9 hours. -
The Importance of Works of Muhammad Shibli Nomani
Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities Vol. 3, No. 2 (2018),169-180, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jish.32.2921 THE IMPORTANCE OF WORKS OF MUHAMMAD SHIBLI NOMANI Samee-Ullah Bhat Government Degree College Thannamandi, Rajouri [email protected] Abstract This article aims at describing and examining life and works of Muhammad Shibli Nomani. With a historical and content analysis, this paper draws several conclusions. First, the prominent scholar of the Indo-Pak subcontinent of the modern times earns global name and fame through his multiple contributions. These include an accomplished tremendous excellence in numerous walks of human knowledge, arts and science, language and literature, research and criticism, philosophy and scholasticism, history and biography. Secondly, in all his eminent writings, Shibli makes full utilization of primary sources. It is because of this full use of the primary sources that his writings are outstanding in nature not only for the wealth of knowledge but also for interpretation and presentation of facts collected from a number of sources. Third, Shibli’s historical writings were primarily written to refute the unfounded allegations of the European writers on Islam and Muslim rule, to acquaint the Muslims with their glorious past, and to draw them out of stagnancy and obscurantism. Keywords: Muhammad Shibli Nomani; Orientalism; Indo-Pakistan scholar; Counter Islamophobia; Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan meneliti kehidupan dan karya- karya Muhammad Shibli Nomani. Dengan menggunakan analisis sejarah dan konten, penelitian ini berhasil mendapatkan beberapa kesimpulan. Pertama, sang sejarahwan terkemuka dari Indo-Pakistan memperoleh nama besar dan kemasyhuran dari beberapa kontribusi yang dia berikan. -
Because I Said So
The Scarlet Letter Z Asra Q. Nomani Ugly whispers about me began long before I found myself, in the summer of 2004, standing before a massive green door that led into the mosque in the town that I have known as my home since I was a girl of ten. The door stood in front of me like an entryway into my own personal hell. My local community of Muslims—interconnected via the Internet with like-minded Muslims globally—had rebuked me for giving birth to a child out of wedlock and living without shame with this fact, then writing about it publicly to defend the rights of women who were quietly punished for similar cultural tres- passes in the far corners of the world. From the pulpit of our mosque, a Ph.D. student called unchaste women “worthless.” In the grocery store, an elder I had called “uncle” since my child- hood days averted his eyes from mine when I passed him in the fruit section. A professor told his children to stay away from me. My family lost Muslim friendships of thirty years, relationships considered solid since we first made this town our home. Criticism and condemnation seemed to come from every- where: a Charleston, West Virginia, man wrote that I should stay in the shadows: “It would have been best if the facts of [your son’s] birth had not been so callously flaunted. Do you HAVE to rub it in?” When a Muslim immigrant said I was unfit to be a leader because of my unwed motherhood, an American convert 2 Asra Q.