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NOVA INDUSTRIJSKA POLITIKA KAO PRETPOSTAVKA EFIKASNOG RAZVOJA INDUSTRIJE SRBIJE Doktorska Disertacija

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NOVA INDUSTRIJSKA POLITIKA KAO PRETPOSTAVKA EFIKASNOG RAZVOJA INDUSTRIJE SRBIJE Doktorska Disertacija UNIVERZITET U BEOGRADU EKONOMSKI FAKULTET Milena D. Lutovac NOVA INDUSTRIJSKA POLITIKA KAO PRETPOSTAVKA EFIKASNOG RAZVOJA INDUSTRIJE SRBIJE Doktorska disertacija Beograd, 2020 UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS Milena D. Lutovac NEW INDUSTRIAL POLICY AS A PRECONDITION FOR EFFICIENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE SERBIAN INDUSTRY Doctoral Dissertation Belgrade, 2020 Mentor: Prof. dr Ljubodrag Savić Ekonomski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu Član komisije: Prof. dr Biljana Jovanović Gavrilović Ekonomski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu Član komisije: Prof. dr Milorad Filipović Ekonomski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu Član komisije: prof. dr Vesna Rajić Ekonomski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu Član komisije: dr Vladimir Mićić, vanredni profesor Ekonomski fakultet, Univerzitet u Kragujevcu Datum odbrane: ____________________________ Doktorsku disertaciju posvećujem mojim roditeljima Ljiljani i Dragoju. Hvala vam za neizmernu ljubav i podršku koju ste mi pružili. NOVA INDUSTRIJSKA POLITIKA KAO PRETPOSTAVKA EFIKASNOG RAZVOJA INDUSTRIJE SRBIJE SAŽETAK Industrijska politika podrazumeva politiku industrijskog razvoja, pri čemu termin „industrija“ obuhvata organizaciju i strateško upravljanje ljudskim i materijalnim resursima. Cilj ove politike je najpre da podstakne i obezbedi praćenje strukturnih prilagođavanja i restrukturiranje preduzeća kako bi se ona osposobila za hvatanje u koštac sa promenama u poslovnom okruženju i suočavanje sa ekonomskim izazovima i povećanom konkurencijom na globalnom nivou. U novije vreme javila se potreba za preispitivanjem značaja industrijske politike, čemu je u velikoj meri doprinela globalna ekonomska kriza koja je ozbiljno pogodila zemlje širom sveta. Iz toga proizilazi ponovni interes za industrijskom politikom, koja se posmatra kao potencijalno efikasan instrument u izazivanju strukturnih promena i rasta proizvodnje. Iako je u celom posleratnom periodu našu zemlju karakterisala izrazito dinamična industrijalizacija, taj proces nije bio praćen odgovarajućom industrijskom politikom. Na osnovu iskustva iz prethodnog perioda u doktorskoj disertaciji se identifikuju otvoreni problemi i perspektive razvoja industrije Srbije. Posebna pažnja posvećena je formulisanju nove industrijske politike u funkciji efikasnog razvoja industrije Srbije. Od nove industrijske politike se očekuje da bude orijentisana ka poboljšanju uslova za privredni rast i jačanje industrijske konkurentnosti. Važan aspekt istraživanja u okviru doktorske disertacije predstavlja ocena efikasnosti industrijske politike Srbije. U tom kontekstu sprovodi se empirijska analiza razvojnih efekata podsticajnih sredstava za privlačenje investicija u industriju Srbije od 2006. do 2016. godine. Celokupna disertacija podeljena je u pet delova. U okviru prvog dela razmatraju se teorijski aspekti industrijske politike, njena evolucija i razvoj, objašnjenje pojma i značaja industrijske politike u teoriji i praksi. Drugi deo doktorske disertacije posvećen je industrijskoj politici izabranih zemalja sveta. U trećem delu doktorske disertacije obrađene su osnovne karakteristike, mesto i ciljevi industrijske politike naše zemlje od Drugog svetskog rata do danas. U četvrtom delu disertacije fokus je na empirijskoj analizi razvojnih efekata podsticajnih sredstava za privlačenje investicija u industriju Srbije od 2006 do 2016. godine. Konačno, peti deo doktorske disertacije posvećen je novoj industrijskoj politici Srbije kao pretpostavci efikasnog razvoja industrije Srbije. Nova industrijska politika Srbije zasniva se na aktivnostima usmerenim na poboljšanje konkurentnosti industrije Srbije, izgradnji sektora povezanih sa ciljevima održivog razvoja i konkurentnim pozicioniranjem za novu industrijsku revoluciju u cilju povećanja ekonomskog rasta, produktivnosti i zaposlenosti. Istovremeno će se obezbediti razvoj infrastrukture, pojednostavljanje procedura za trgovinu, bolja integracija na međunarodnom tržištu, poboljšanje poreskog i obrazovnog sistema, investicionog ambijenta, kao i razvoj klastera, istraživanja i razvoja. Ključne reči: industrijska politika, Srbija, industrija, konkurentnost, podsticajna sredstva, subvencije. Naučna oblast: Ekonomske nauke Uža naučna oblast: Ekonomska politika i razvoj JEL klasifikacija: L52, H23, O14 UDK broj: 338.45.01(497.11)(043.3) NEW INDUSTRIAL POLICY AS A PRECONDITION FOR EFFICIENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE SERBIAN INDUSTRY ABSTRACT Industrial policy refers to the policy of industrial development, where the term “industry” encompasses the organization and strategic management of human and material resources. The aim of this policy is firstly to stimulate and secure the tracking of structural adjustments and restructuring of companies in order to empower them to grasp the changes within the business environment and to face the economic challenges and increased competition on a global scale. During the recent time period, a need has arisen to question the importance of the industrial policy, which was greatly contributed by the global economic crisis which has seriously struck countries around the globe. Due to that fact, there exists a renewed interest for industrial policy, which is regarded as a potentially efficient instrument in causing structural changes and the growth of production. Although our country was characterized during the entire postwar period by dynamic industrialization, that process was not accompanied by adequate industrial policy. Based on the experience from the previous period the analysis within the thesis identifies the open issues and perspectives of the industry development in Serbia. Special attention is dedicated to the formulation of the new industrial policy in the function of efficient development of the industry in Serbia. The new industrial policy is expected to be oriented towards the improvement of conditions for economic growth and the empowerment of industrial competitiveness. An important aspect of research within the thesis is the estimate of efficiency of the Serbian industrial policy. In that context, and empirical analysis is performed regarding the development effects of incentive funds for investment attraction towards the Serbian industry during the period 2006-2016. The entire analysis within the thesis is divided into five parts. The first part focuses on the theoretical aspects of industrial policy, its evolution and development, the explanation of the term and importance of industrial policy in theory and practice. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the analysis of industrial policy of chosen countries on a global scale. The third part of the thesis elaborates the basic characteristics, role and aims of the industrial policy of our country from WWII up to now. The fourth part of the thesis focuses on the empirical analysis of development effects of incentive funds for investment attraction towards the Serbian industry during the period 2006-2016. Finally, the fifth part of thesis is dedicated to the new industrial policy of Serbia, as an assumption of efficient development of Serbian industry. The new industrial policy of Serbia is based on activities oriented towards the improvement of the Serbian industry competitiveness, the development of sectors connected to the goals of sustainable development and competitive positioning for the new industrial revolution in order to increase the economic growth, the productivity and employment. Simultaneously, the following goals shall be secured: the development of infrastructure, the simplification of trade procedures, better integration within the international market, the improvement of the tax and educational system, the investment surroundings, as well as cluster development and R&D. Key words: industrial policy, Serbia, industry, competitiveness, incentive funds, subsidies. Scientific field: Economic Sciences Scientific subfield: Economic policy and development JEL classification: L52, H23, O14 UDC number: 338.45.01(497.11)(043.3) SADRŽAJ UVOD ................................................................................................................................................10 I deo - TEORIJSKI PRISTUP INDUSTRIJSKOJ POLITICI ...........................................................15 1. Pojam i značaj industrijske politike ...........................................................................................15 1.1. Savremeni koncept industrijske politike .............................................................................18 1.2. Teorijske kontroverze o nužnosti vođenja industrijske politike ..........................................23 2. Elementi industrijske politike ....................................................................................................30 2.1. Ciljevi industrijske politike .................................................................................................31 2.2. Instrumenti industrijske politike .........................................................................................32 3. Vrste industrijskih politika .........................................................................................................38 3.1. Industrijske politike prema obuhvatnosti i vremenu ...........................................................38 3.2. Industrijske politike prema ekonomskom interesu .............................................................42 II deo - INDUSTRIJSKA POLITIKA IZABRANIH ZEMALJA SVETA ........................................45 1. Industrijske politike zemalja Istočne Azije ................................................................................45
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