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Sexual Life Now 01_THS_CH01(002-015).qxp 5/10/10 8:37 AM Page 2 <<< Just like long hair and bell bottoms WHAT IS SEXOLOGY? make reappearances every few years, WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT discussing sex never goes out of style. SEXOLOGY? WHAT ARE THE THREE DOMAINS OF SEXUALITY AND WHAT IS THEIR SIGNIFICANCE? HOW DOES CULTURE INFLUENCE EXPERIENCES QOF SEXUALITY AND SEX? The year 1977 marked the freshman year of my university expressing their sexuality more openly, aspects experience. The clothing that is today consid- of sex and sexuality were still hidden from ered “retro” (low-rise, flared bottom, frayed society. In fact, at colleges and universities— jeans) was then the style. Sex was no longer usually located among more open-minded considered taboo. People more readily talked communities—sex was still a controversial about it, it was readily available, and the prior subject. The first human sexuality course I took perceived consequences of premarital sex at the university is a case in point. Although the were no longer viewed as an obstacle. Abortion course was available, it was offered under a had been legal for about four years and was cloud of secrecy. It was not listed in the course relatively easy and inexpensive to obtain; offerings schedule printed and distributed to cohabitation before marriage was becoming a every student each semester. The human sexu- 3 common and popular thing to do; the more ality course was a “secret society” of sorts— serious sexually transmitted infections (STIs) students knew about it by word of mouth, and could be treated with a dose of penicillin; and parents did not! The course was wrapped in the AIDS pandemic was still a decade away. “brown paper,” hidden away from society. But with all the sexual freedom my genera- Still today on college campuses across tion was enjoying and with the more freethink- the country, sexuality courses are taught in ing, socially driven attitudes toward the expres- filled-to-capacity rooms. What is it about sex sion of sexuality, Playboy magazine was still and sexuality that generates such interest, displayed in brown paper wrappers on maga- such heated political debate, and such media zine stands. Even though individuals were attention? We will explore these questions and much, much more throughout this book. Source: Author’s files SEXUAL LIFE NOW CHAPTER 01 01_THS_CH01(002-015).qxp 5/10/10 8:37 AM Page 4 STUDYING SEXUALITY What I can do, however, is point you toward a path that will help you The Girls Next Door not only describe sexual acts, but also show char- expertise to further the sexual health of all people, in the United States make your own discoveries, which, in turn, will help you gain insight into acters acting many of them out. and cultures around the world. Through their efforts, sexologists AND SEX the intricacies of sexual life. In the end, it is my sincere hope that you use To better understand societal changes, the complex and diverse expe- continue to better understand the sexological and non-sexological Characterizing sexuality and sex is a tall order. I was recently asked, “How this book to gain a solid understanding of your sexuality, the sexuality of riences of sexuality in today’s global society, and the shifts in trends in sex- aspects people’s lives. is it possible to write an entire textbook about sex? Doesn’t everyone do it? others, and sex. uality (such as increased rates of oral sex among adolescents and college Even though an interest in sexuality and sexual expression was Do people really need to be taught about sex?” The answers to these ques- students), we must look at sexuality from an academic viewpoint, or through present throughout many ancient cultures, Western culture was slow to tions are complex, because the study of sexuality is a web of interwoven the science of sexology. begin its quest of understanding sexuality. aspects that are influenced by factors such as intimacy, love, gender roles, WHAT IS SEXOLOGY? sexual orientation, communication styles, variations in sexual expression, The concept of education for people to better understand their relation- SEXOLOGY: A SCIENTIFIC QUEST sexual behaviors, sexual health, aging, and a wide range of realistic and ship dynamics or to maximize their relationship’s effectiveness is cer- Sexology involves the systematic, organized study of human sexual not-so-realistic expectations. In addition to this potentially endless list of tainly not new to the 20th and 21st centuries. Any time social conditions behavior in all aspects. A sexologist is a person who has expert aca- influences, we all experience our sexual lives from a different perspective: change—especially within complex societies, such as the United demic knowledge in sexual science and who devotes himself or herself Each of us is an expert in our own interpretations and experiences of “sex” States—the teachings from previous generations may be ineffective, to the objective, empirical study of sexuality (Institute for Advanced and intimate relationships. Often, we approach our first serious intimate inappropriate, or insufficient (Arcus, Schvaneveldt, & Moss, 1993). Study of Human Sexuality, 2007). Many people incorrectly assume that relationship thinking we know enough about sex to get started, that we’ll Given the fact that none of us comes into intimate, committed, or the primary focus of sexology is the study of the mechanics of sexual learn together what we don’t know, or that we’ll somehow figure it all out. sexual relationships with a how-to instruction manual, we either go intercourse, sexual function, and/or sexual variants, such as paraphilias it alone or seek out some type of “help.” And in the United States, (sexual practices that are outside social norms). We discuss these vari- sexual living is, without a doubt, changing. ants in Chapter 15. But according to the Institute for Advanced Study EXPLORING SEXUALITY AND SEX: Consider how television representations of sex have changed over of Human Sexuality (IASHS), modern sexology includes much more A PATH TO SELF-DISCOVERY the past 50 years or so. In the 1950s and 1960s, popular television than studying only sex parts and sex acts, as demonstrated in But realistically speaking, none of us is equipped to tackle the “everything” shows such as I Love Lucy, Leave It to Beaver, and The Dick Van Dyke Table 1.1. For example, today’s sexology includes the study of human that comes with sex and intimate relationships. Couples argue with each Show, TV censors mandated that couples had twin beds in their sexual development, relationship development, relationship processes, other, and more often than not, they’re tired when they come home from studio-set bedrooms—and that at least one actor had at least one foot the sexuality of certain groups, and sexual pathologies (IASHS, 2007). work and the demands they face quickly erase the idea of having sex on the floor at all times if one or both of the actors were in bed. Only We will explore all of these issues throughout our course of study. after the kids are in bed. Sometimes, a woman experiences infertility or Fred and Wilma of The Flintstones and Herman and Lily Munster of The Sexology is also a multidisciplinary science, and professionals the loss of a pregnancy. In the course of relationships, we may Munsters were allowed to share a bed from a number of fields of study contribute to modern sexology. These experience family or partner violence; we (and that’s because they were not “real” <<< disciplines include the medical field and biology, as well as psychology, may find our partner has had a secret affair, characters!). It wasn’t until the early 1970s sociology, and education—or what I refer to as “the other side of the “What makes you curl your toes leaving us feeling devastated. We change. that parents were shown in the same bed 5 4 microscope.” The science of sexology necessitates that professionals Relationships change. We grow. And the on The Brady Bunch. In the 1960s TV during sex?” from these multiple disciplines use their research, knowledge, and “everything” we expected in our relation- sitcom I Dream of Jeannie, censors Sexual Life Now ships is different. required that actress Barbara Eden’s belly There’s little denying that our sexual button be covered with flesh-covered lives are integral aspects of who we are. putty. Fast-forward to the 1990s and later, TABLE 1.1 Most of us don’t need a course in sexual- where shows like Sex and the City and CHAPTER 01 Contributors to Sexology ity to experience satisfying, enjoyable sexual lives. After all, is it really possible to Source: American Academy of Clinical Sexologists (2007) prepare for sexual life? Can we learn how <<< Representations of to have an orgasm (or a better orgasm)? Is sex on television have A number of disciplines contribute to our understanding of sexology today. These include: it possible to understand how and why people communicate sexually the way come a long way since • Medicine: This study includes embryology and genetics (the • Evolutionary Biology: Why do we do what we do? This discipline they do? If our sexual relationship is in study of the formation, early growth, and development of living helps us understand the causes of sexual behavior across organisms) and gynecology (the science of women’s cultures. crisis, does our understanding of sexual Ricky and Lucy reproductive organs). life make a difference? Ricardo occupied Realistically speaking, I can’t really • Psychiatry: This science seeks to understand certain disorders in • Epidemiology: This science helps us better understand sexually “teach” you how to develop rewarding sex- separate twin beds in sexual behavior, from sexual dysfunctions to sexual variants, such transmitted infections.
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