DOCSLIB.ORG

Eastern and Spotted Towhees the Window

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Eastern and Spotted Towhees the Window For Preferred BirdTracksthis special Youbecause have edition youreceived are of a A special BirdTracks edition from Summer 2012 preferred WBU customer! Birds In Depth PRST STD Customers Only U.S. POSTAGE Are you enjoying BirdTracks? We’d appreciate your feedback and comments MARIETTA,PAID OH PERMIT NO 161 Mourning Doves the next time you visit our store. in by JOHN SCHAUSTthe Morning amazing when you consider that the ne of life’s simple pleasures, often Mourning Mourning Dove is classifi ed as a game missed in today’s world, is going to Dove. bird in at least 38 states. Hunters harvest ® Osleep with your windows open. To be approximately 25 million of them every and our partner gently awakened in the early morning by year. In perspective, this means that the an enchanting cacophony of bird songs annual Mourning Dove harvest exceeds is an experience that was common to our the total harvest of all other migratory ancestors, but one that has rapidly disap- game species combined. peared in modern society. Death from non-hunting related As an early riser, the Mourning Dove’s causes (weather, predators, disease, etc.) plaintive cooing call is almost always a is believed to claim four to fi ve times the Tracks part of the dawn song heard just outside number of Mourning Doves taken in BIRD by DR. DAVID BIRD Eastern and Spotted Towhees the window. While many of the other hunting. It is estimated that between 50 the name “Rufous-sided Towhee,” but birds’ songs are cheery and bright, the – 65 percent of all Mourning Doves die Spotted Towhee. genetic studies proved them to be two Mourning Dove’s call sounds almost sad Mourning Dove Fun Facts annually. separate species. Nevertheless, they and lamenting. But with all of this annual mortality, do hybridize in a fairly narrow zone e Mourning Dove really doesn’t •Like all birds, Mourning Doves just how does the Mourning Dove man- in the Great Plains, which can make have much to be sad about. It has truly are unable to sweat. To stay cool age to maintain such a viable population things challenging for bird watchers in prospered from humankind’s activities during hot weather, they pant under the weight of such losses? Nebraska and the Dakotas. and is now one of the most abundant and much like a dog. Panting requires Modestly stated, they are inexhaustible Both species are migratory, but this widespread birds to be found in North the doves to drink a great deal of breeders. can vary from population to popula- America. It is estimated that 350 – 450 water due to the excessive loss of Mourning Doves are monogamous and tion. e Eastern Towhees inhabiting million of these doves inhabit the conti- moisture to evaporation. form strong pair bonds that persist dur- the northern parts of their range are nent each autumn, making it one of the •Doves are one of the few species ing at least one nesting season. ey may more likely to head south in the fall, 10 most numerous and ubiquitous bird of birds that drink by sucking up have up to six clutches per year—the larg- but some individuals try to tough it species in the United States. their water instead of taking a bill est number of nesting cycles of any North out, especially in milder winters and at Something else for them to be happy full of water and letting it trickle American bird—with a typical clutch size locations that off er shelter and read- about is their potential lifespan. Although down their throat. ey can suck of two eggs. is prolifi c nesting helps the ily available food such as backyard the average longevity for a typical adult up their total daily requirement in Mourning Dove to keep its large popula- feeders. e picture for the Spotted is only about one year, the oldest known less than 20 seconds. tion stable from year to year. Towhee is a little messier, with some free-living Mourning Dove, as proven by •Both Mourning Dove parents So maybe the Mourning Dove isn’t so being fully migratory, some partially bird banding research, was more than feed their young on “crop milk,” sad after all! E S T— Continued from page 5 so, and others non-migratory. 31 years old! is is one of the longest a yogurt-like secretion produced And as for their plaintive call you hear lifespans ever recorded for any terrestrial by the walls of their crop. It takes outside your window every morning, it In every issue of BirdTracks Habitat bird found in North America. both parents to provide enough just may be their way of trying to wake we feature questions from In all parts of their ranges, Spotted is feat of longevity is even more food for the growing nestlings. you up early to fi ll the feeders. BRIAN HENRY Towhees favor habitats with a wide va- you, our best customers. riety of plants, but you can best expect We welcome your to fi nd them in places with shrubs, E S T— Continued from page 1 suggestions, comments or the other bird watchers on away. You see, back in my region those brushes, thickets, and tangle only a and questions. We also our early morning bird walk, the sapsuckers are a dime a dozen, but few yards tall. ey especially like to have contributed to the evolution of Spotted Towhee. e mew call of the selection on the nest site—either on “bird-of-the-morning”F was the Yellow- towhees are somewhat rare. root around in habitat with plenty the white spots on the backs of the Spotted Towhee is apparently analo- the ground or slightly elevated from it, hope to share your tips and bellied Sapsucker, but for me it was the of litter and humus on the ground Spotted Towhee. It makes for eff ective gous to the chewink call of the Eastern but with litter piled right up to the rim, ideas for enhancing our Spotted Towhee. What a sharp-looking Territoriality shaded by protective canopy of foliage camoufl age. Towhee, and has been described by and well-concealed in tangles or heavy Although North America is home and twigs overhead. Eastern Towhees enjoyment of backyard Eastern Towhee. bird, and certainly one of the prettier some as “whining or mewing, nasal, thickets. e nest itself is generally and more easily identifi able sparrows! to several towhee species, the two frequent the same kind of habitat in birds and wildlife with that best represent the continent are Diet slurred, catlike.” composed of bark strips, dead leaves, other BirdTracks readers e black contrasting with the rust, the East, but they are not as fussy in e most appropriate word to Both towhee species are aggressively grasses, twigs, and sometimes bits of white spots, and red eyes in an other- the Eastern Towhee, aptly named for their preference for dryness compared describe the towhee’s diet is “omnivo- territorial, particularly at the edges or cardboard or string. e eggs—rang- all over North America. wise dull wintry landscape on a rainy, the East, and the Spotted Towhee to their western counterpart. Inter- rous.” Depending on what menu the boundaries of given territories. Like ing from whitish to white suff used with young for about four weeks after fl edg- its population even increasing in the chilling morning in suburban Colo- in the West. Until 1995, these two estingly, it has been suggested that season off ers, both species will happily most bird species that hold a territory, pink, green or gray and speckled with Write to us at: ing. Occasionally in warmer climates, northwestern part of its range. Loss rado Springs truthfully took my breath species were lumped together under this light-dappled kind of habitat may WILD BIRDS UNLIMITED consume seeds, fruits, and all stages of the dimension of its defended area de- brown to purplish gray—are laid one BirdTracks such as in California and Florida, of habitat from urbanization, as well Continued on page 5 invertebrates such as beetles, caterpil- pends on the population size and the a day to form a clutch of two to six, towhees have been known to raise a as changing forestry and agricultural resources available to it. In general, a but usually three to fi ve. If the clutch c/o BWD lars, moths, grasshoppers crickets, and second brood—and, rarely in the Spot- practices, is largely to blame for the Feature Backyard Café e Backyard Watcher many other assorted creepy-crawlies. towhee territory might range from two is lost, another is laid. Only the female PO Box 110 ted Towhee, a third—in a single season. Eastern Towhee’s decrease, although it Eastern and Spotted Towhees .............. 1 The Many Joys of Sunfl owers ............... 2 10 Fascinating Sights to See in Your to fi ve acres. incubates the eggs, which hatch in 12 Marietta, OH 45750 e population numbers of East- is still relatively common and abundant Summer Backyard ............................... 4 Calls and Songs or 13 days. ern Towhees have shown a disturbing in some habitats. News on the Fly Bird News and Discovery ..................... 2 .................... 3 Birds In Depth Towhees have some interesting Nesting e nestlings are quite typical of decline during the past two or three Readers’ Questions Mourning Doves in the Morning .......... 5 calls and songs. I will be honest—I As with many songbirds, it is the songbird nestlings and leave the nest Or send an e-mail to: decades, while the Spotted Towhee CONTENTS WILD BIRDS UNLIMITED was fooled by the meow-like call of a female towhee that makes the fi nal in 10 to 11 days.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wildlife of the North Hills: Birds, Animals, Butterflies
    Wildlife of the North Hills: Birds, Animals, Butterflies Oakland, California 2005 About this Booklet The idea for this booklet grew out of a suggestion from Anne Seasons, President of the North Hills Phoenix Association, that I compile pictures of local birds in a form that could be made available to residents of the north hills. I expanded on that idea to include other local wildlife. For purposes of this booklet, the “North Hills” is defined as that area on the Berkeley/Oakland border bounded by Claremont Avenue on the north, Tunnel Road on the south, Grizzly Peak Blvd. on the east, and Domingo Avenue on the west. The species shown here are observed, heard or tracked with some regularity in this area. The lists are not a complete record of species found: more than 50 additional bird species have been observed here, smaller rodents were included without visual verification, and the compiler lacks the training to identify reptiles, bats or additional butterflies. We would like to include additional species: advice from local experts is welcome and will speed the process. A few of the species listed fall into the category of pests; but most - whether resident or visitor - are desirable additions to the neighborhood. We hope you will enjoy using this booklet to identify the wildlife you see around you. Kay Loughman November 2005 2 Contents Birds Turkey Vulture Bewick’s Wren Red-tailed Hawk Wrentit American Kestrel Ruby-crowned Kinglet California Quail American Robin Mourning Dove Hermit thrush Rock Pigeon Northern Mockingbird Band-tailed
    [Show full text]
  • Birds of Perry County Contact Us the Tell City Ranger District of the Hoosier National Forest Is Open 8-4:30 Monday Through Friday to Serve Visitors
    Birds of Perry County Contact Us The Tell City Ranger District of the Hoosier National Forest is open 8-4:30 Monday through Friday to serve visitors. Tell City Ranger District 248 15th Street Tell City, IN 47586 812-547-7051 Federal relay system for the deaf and hearing impaired: 1-800-877-8339 website: www.fs.usda.gov/hoosier Great Bllue Heron Tufted Titmouse __________________________ vV USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. America’s Great Outdoors Last updated 11/2011 Forest Service United States Department of Agriculture The third and fourth columns are the genus and Using the Checklist species of the bird. The fifth column shows the The first column after the bird’s common name is bird’s status in Indiana as of 2009. (Available at http:// evidence of the bird’s breeding status in our area. www.in.gov/dnr/fishwild/files/Birds_Of_Indiana.pdf) CO = Confirmed breeding evidence FC = Federal Candidate FE = Federal Endangered PR = Probable breeding evidence FT = Federal Threatened SC - State Special Concern PO = Possible breeding evidence SE = State Endangered X = Exotic/Introduced OB = Observed, no breeding evidence Bird abundance will vary seasonally, and often from This shows highest breeding evidence value from year-to-year as well. Actual abundance is often dis- published 1985-1990 breeding bird atlas data and tinct from detectability. Some species may be com- draft 2005-2010 atlas data. (Available at http://www. mon but secretive and only rarely seen. Others may pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/) be numerically sparse, yet highly
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Species Checklist
    6 7 8 1 COMMON NAME Sp Su Fa Wi COMMON NAME Sp Su Fa Wi Bank Swallow R White-throated Sparrow R R R Bird Species Barn Swallow C C U O Vesper Sparrow O O Cliff Swallow R R R Savannah Sparrow C C U Song Sparrow C C C C Checklist Chickadees, Nuthataches, Wrens Lincoln’s Sparrow R U R Black-capped Chickadee C C C C Swamp Sparrow O O O Chestnut-backed Chickadee O O O Spotted Towhee C C C C Bushtit C C C C Black-headed Grosbeak C C R Red-breasted Nuthatch C C C C Lazuli Bunting C C R White-breasted Nuthatch U U U U Blackbirds, Meadowlarks, Orioles Brown Creeper U U U U Yellow-headed Blackbird R R O House Wren U U R Western Meadowlark R O R Pacific Wren R R R Bullock’s Oriole U U Marsh Wren R R R U Red-winged Blackbird C C U U Bewick’s Wren C C C C Brown-headed Cowbird C C O Kinglets, Thrushes, Brewer’s Blackbird R R R R Starlings, Waxwings Finches, Old World Sparrows Golden-crowned Kinglet R R R Evening Grosbeak R R R Ruby-crowned Kinglet U R U Common Yellowthroat House Finch C C C C Photo by Dan Pancamo, Wikimedia Commons Western Bluebird O O O Purple Finch U U O R Swainson’s Thrush U C U Red Crossbill O O O O Hermit Thrush R R To Coast Jackson Bottom is 6 Miles South of Exit 57.
    [Show full text]
  • L O U I S I a N A
    L O U I S I A N A SPARROWS L O U I S I A N A SPARROWS Written by Bill Fontenot and Richard DeMay Photography by Greg Lavaty and Richard DeMay Designed and Illustrated by Diane K. Baker What is a Sparrow? Generally, sparrows are characterized as New World sparrows belong to the bird small, gray or brown-streaked, conical-billed family Emberizidae. Here in North America, birds that live on or near the ground. The sparrows are divided into 13 genera, which also cryptic blend of gray, white, black, and brown includes the towhees (genus Pipilo), longspurs hues which comprise a typical sparrow’s color (genus Calcarius), juncos (genus Junco), and pattern is the result of tens of thousands of Lark Bunting (genus Calamospiza) – all of sparrow generations living in grassland and which are technically sparrows. Emberizidae is brushland habitats. The triangular or cone- a large family, containing well over 300 species shaped bills inherent to most all sparrow species are perfectly adapted for a life of granivory – of crushing and husking seeds. “Of Louisiana’s 33 recorded sparrows, Sparrows possess well-developed claws on their toes, the evolutionary result of so much time spent on the ground, scratching for seeds only seven species breed here...” through leaf litter and other duff. Additionally, worldwide, 50 of which occur in the United most species incorporate a substantial amount States on a regular basis, and 33 of which have of insect, spider, snail, and other invertebrate been recorded for Louisiana. food items into their diets, especially during Of Louisiana’s 33 recorded sparrows, Opposite page: Bachman Sparrow the spring and summer months.
    [Show full text]
  • Birds of Bolivar Peninsula
    6?1@<3<96C.?#2;6;@B9. <B@A<;B1B/<;&<062AF DDD5<B@A<;.B1B/<;<?4 How to Use This Book Range Maps: The Range maps are color coded to show where and when to expect each bird to occur. The maps cover ranges of birds living in North America, including the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Each map shows four ranges: orange for summer, blue for win- ter, yellow for migration, and green for year round. Because birds do not stay strictly inside these boundaries, you may find them wandering far from ranges assigned in this guide, par- ticularly during migration. In some cases, a bird may be so rare that its sightings appear as small dots on the map; a bird may be seen in a certain area, and then disappear shortly after it has been spotted. When a bird is so rare that its range cannot be drawn, the map area will read “No Map Available”. Summer Migration Year Round Winter (non breeding) Definitions and Conventions Common Name: Birds are organized by common name, sex or seasonal or age variation, such as Abert’s Towhee Breeding Male, American Robin Female California Gull 1st Winter. The Latin species name, Order, and Family name are located under the common name, for example: Abert’s Towhee Breeding Male Pipilo aberti Order: PASSERIFORMES Family: Sparrows (Emberizidae) Family Name and Color: The top of every page has a unique color bar associated with each family name.) General: The general heading gives an overview of basic identification details. It describes the coloring of the body, any distinctive marks found in the head, tail, and underparts and the coloring differences between sexes and juveniles.
    [Show full text]
  • Song Variations and Singing Behavior in the Rufous-Sided Towhee, Pipilo Erythrophthalmus Oregonus
    SONG VARIATIONS AND SINGING BEHAVIOR IN THE RUFOUS-SIDED TOWHEE, PlPlLO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS OREGONUS \ DONALD E. KROODSMA Department of Zoology Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331 The singing behavior and vocalizations of the total song length. To the human ear this in- Rufous-sided Towhee ( Pipilo erythrophthal- troductory phrase was often inaudible and the mus) have been described recently by several song appeared to consist of a trill alone. authors (e.g., Davis 1958; Borror 1959; Roberts Each sonagram in figure 2 represents a song 1969). All have recognized variation in the type, i.e., one of the distinctive songs repeated song repertoire of both individuals and popu- in a consistent manner in the repertoire of an lations, yet only the variation in songs sampled individual. The male towhees sang a given from the eastern subspecies (Borror 1959) has song type at the rate of 8-15 songs per min for received extensive sonagraphic analysis. Here up to 15 min; at times, however, especially I discuss 1) the song variations observed in during early morning, males alternated two the repertoires of four neighboring males of song types, singing first one and then the other the race 2.’ e. oregonus, 2) the similarities of in sequence for several minutes at a time. Re- variations among these birds, and 3) the use gardless of the pattern of singing behavior, in of variations in the singing behavior of the successive renditions of a song type the struc- individual. ture of the introductory phrase and the trill syllables were unaltered; only the number of METHODS syllables in the trill varied.
    [Show full text]
  • A WHITE-EYED SPOTTED TOWHEE OBSERVED in NORTHWESTERN NEBRASKA RICK WRIGHT, 128 Evans Road, Bloomfield, New Jersey 07003; [email protected]
    NOTES A WHITE-EYED SPOTTED TOWHEE OBSERVED IN NORTHWESTERN NEBRASKA RICK WRIGHT, 128 Evans Road, Bloomfield, New Jersey 07003; [email protected] Towhees visually—and in rare cases vocally—resembling the Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) have been reported at least eight times this century in the Nebraska Panhandle (Silcock and Jorgensen 2018), far to the west of that taxon’s expected range. As a result of the resplitting of the Eastern Towhee and Spotted Towhee (P. maculatus) (AOU 1995), observers have begun to once again pay close attention to the appearance and vocalizations of the region’s towhees, a practice that had declined following the species’ earlier taxonomic lumping (AOU 1954). On 20 and 21 May 2018, I observed a Spotted Towhee (presumptively P. m. arcticus, which breeds in the area) with white irides in the campground at the Gilbert- Baker Wildlife Area (42° 46.02' N, 103° 55.67' W) in the extreme northwest of the Nebraska Panhandle, 10 km north of Harrison, Sioux County. I photographed the bird on the first date (Figure 1). The deep saturated black of the head indicated that this individual was a male; the browner primaries were presumably retained juvenile feathers, contrasting with the rest of the formative plumage, identifying this as an individual in its second calendar year. When I returned on the second date, the towhee was accompanied by a female Spotted Towhee of unknown age; her plumage and soft-part colors were unremarkable. Silent the day before, on this occasion the male sang several times, a series of loud ticking notes followed by a lower-pitched, buzzy trill indistinguishable to my ear from the vocalizations of other nearby Spotted Towhees.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife in Your Young Forest.Pdf
    WILDLIFE IN YOUR Young Forest 1 More Wildlife in Your Woods CREATE YOUNG FOREST AND ENJOY THE WILDLIFE IT ATTRACTS WHEN TO EXPECT DIFFERENT ANIMALS his guide presents some of the wildlife you may used to describe this dense, food-rich habitat are thickets, T see using your young forest as it grows following a shrublands, and early successional habitat. timber harvest or other management practice. As development has covered many acres, and as young The following lists focus on areas inhabited by the woodlands have matured to become older forest, the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis), a rare amount of young forest available to wildlife has dwindled. native rabbit that lives in parts of New York east of the Having diverse wildlife requires having diverse habitats on Hudson River, and in parts of Connecticut, Rhode Island, the land, including some young forest. Massachusetts, southern New Hampshire, and southern Maine. In this region, conservationists and landowners In nature, young forest is created by floods, wildfires, storms, are carrying out projects to create the young forest and and beavers’ dam-building and feeding. To protect lives and shrubland that New England cottontails need to survive. property, we suppress floods, fires, and beaver activities. Such projects also help many other kinds of wildlife that Fortunately, we can use habitat management practices, use the same habitat. such as timber harvests, to mimic natural disturbance events and grow young forest in places where it will do the most Young forest provides abundant food and cover for insects, good. These habitat projects boost the amount of food reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals.
    [Show full text]
  • Song Variations and Singing Behavior in the Rufous-Sided Towhee, Pipilo Erythrophthalmus Oregonus
    SONG VARIATIONS AND SINGING BEHAVIOR IN THE RUFOUS-SIDED TOWHEE, PlPlLO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS OREGONUS \ DONALD E. KROODSMA Department of Zoology Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331 The singing behavior and vocalizations of the total song length. To the human ear this in- Rufous-sided Towhee ( Pipilo erythrophthal- troductory phrase was often inaudible and the mus) have been described recently by several song appeared to consist of a trill alone. authors (e.g., Davis 1958; Borror 1959; Roberts Each sonagram in figure 2 represents a song 1969). All have recognized variation in the type, i.e., one of the distinctive songs repeated song repertoire of both individuals and popu- in a consistent manner in the repertoire of an lations, yet only the variation in songs sampled individual. The male towhees sang a given from the eastern subspecies (Borror 1959) has song type at the rate of 8-15 songs per min for received extensive sonagraphic analysis. Here up to 15 min; at times, however, especially I discuss 1) the song variations observed in during early morning, males alternated two the repertoires of four neighboring males of song types, singing first one and then the other the race 2.’ e. oregonus, 2) the similarities of in sequence for several minutes at a time. Re- variations among these birds, and 3) the use gardless of the pattern of singing behavior, in of variations in the singing behavior of the successive renditions of a song type the struc- individual. ture of the introductory phrase and the trill syllables were unaltered; only the number of METHODS syllables in the trill varied.
    [Show full text]
  • Birds with Silviculture in Mind Birder's Dozen Pocket Guide For
    Birds with Silviculture in Mind Birder’s Dozen Pocket Guide for Massachusetts Foresters Identification tips, ecological information, and management options for 12 priority forest bird species. Adapted from Vermont’s Foresters for the Birds Project Adapted by Mass Audubon from Birds with Silviculture Editors/Contributors TABLE OF CONTENTS in Mind: Birder’s Dozen Pocket Guide for Vermont Foresters. Fletcher Clark Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation ©2011 with permission and assistance from Audubon [email protected] 2 Introduction Vermont. Mike Downey Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation 3 The Birder’s Dozen Mass Audubon [email protected] 4 How to Use this Guide 208 South Great Road, Lincoln, MA 01773 Wendy Sweetser Ferris Massachusetts Woodlands Institute wferris@ 10 Black-and-white Warbler 781-259-2100 franklinlandtrust.org 12 Black-throated Blue Warbler www.massaudubon.org Jennifer Fish Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation 14 Black-throated Green Warbler [email protected] [email protected] 16 Canada Warbler In partnership with Pete Grima Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation 18 Chestnut-sided Warbler Massachusetts Woodlands Institute [email protected] 20 Eastern Towhee PO Box 450, Shelburne Falls, MA 01370 Doug Hutcheson Massachusetts Department of Conservation and 22 Eastern Wood-Pewee 413-625-9151 Recreation [email protected] 24 Ruffed Grouse Joshua Morse Franklin Land Trust [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Illinois Birds: Volume 4 – Sparrows, Weaver Finches and Longspurs © 2013, Edges, Fence Rows, Thickets and Grain Fields
    ILLINOIS BIRDS : Volume 4 SPARROWS, WEAVER FINCHES and LONGSPURS male Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder female Photo © John Cassady Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Mary Kay Rubey Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder American tree sparrow chipping sparrow field sparrow vesper sparrow eastern towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus Spizella arborea Spizella passerina Spizella pusilla Pooecetes gramineus Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder lark sparrow savannah sparrow grasshopper sparrow Henslow’s sparrow fox sparrow song sparrow Chondestes grammacus Passerculus sandwichensis Ammodramus savannarum Ammodramus henslowii Passerella iliaca Melospiza melodia Photo © Brian Tang Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Lincoln’s sparrow swamp sparrow white-throated sparrow white-crowned sparrow dark-eyed junco Le Conte’s sparrow Melospiza lincolnii Melospiza georgiana Zonotrichia albicollis Zonotrichia leucophrys Junco hyemalis Ammodramus leconteii Photo © Brian Tang winter Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder summer Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Mark Bowman winter Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder summer Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Nelson’s sparrow
    [Show full text]
  • California Bird Species of Special Concern
    California Bird Species of Special Concern A Ranked Assessment of Species, Subspecies, and Distinct Populations of Birds of Immediate Conservation Concern in California W. DAVID SHUFORD AND THOMAS GARDALI, EDITORS WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF THE PROJECT MANAGER Lyann A. Comrack IN COLLABORATION WITH THE BIRD SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE Edward C. Beedy, Bruce E. Deuel, Richard A. Erickson, Sam D. Fitton, Kimball L. Garrett, Kevin Hunting, Tim Manolis, Michael A. Patten, W. David Shuford, John Sterling, Philip Unitt, Brian J. Walton Studies of Western Birds No. 1 Published by Western Field Ornithologists Camarillo, California and California Department of Fish and Game Sacramento, California WITH SUPPORT FROM Audubon California, BonTerra Consulting, EDAW, H. T. Harvey & Associates, Jones & Stokes, LSA Associates, The Nature Conservancy, PRBO Conservation Science, SWCA Environmental Consultants Studies of Western Birds No. 1 Studies of Western Birds, a monograph series of Western Field Ornithologists, publishes original scholarly contributions to field ornithology from both professionals and amateurs that are too long for inclusion in Western Birds. The region of interest is the Rocky Mountain and Pacific states and provinces, including Alaska and Hawaii, western Texas, northwestern Mexico, and the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Subject matter may include studies of distribution and abundance, population dynamics, other aspects of ecology, geographic variation, systematics, life history, migration, behavior, and conservation. Submit manuscripts to the editor, Kenneth P. Able, Bob’s Creek Ranch, 535-000 Little Valley Rd., McArthur, CA 96056; we highly recommend discussing potential submissions with the editor prior to manuscript preparation (email: [email protected]). Studies of Western Birds No.
    [Show full text]