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I MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY of SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT of POLITICS and PUBLIC MANAGEMENT RESEARCH TOPIC an Analysis

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I MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY of SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT of POLITICS and PUBLIC MANAGEMENT RESEARCH TOPIC an Analysis MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF POLITICS AND PUBLIC MANAGEMENT RESEARCH TOPIC An analysis of the implications of Factionalism on economic development in Zimbabwe in the 21st century. By Shantell Tatenda Ngundu R144405E Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Bachelor of Social Sciences Honors Degree in the Department of Politics and Public Management at Midlands State University 2018 i DECLARATION I, Shantell T. Ngundu , declare that this research report is based on my own work. It is being submitted for the degree of POLITICS AND PUBLIC MANAGEMENT at the Midlands State University . It has not been submitted before for any Degree for examination at any other University. Date: ____________________ Signature: ___________________ ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 ....................................................................................................................... vii 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the study .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Justification of the study .......................................................................................... 3 1.3 Problem statement ................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Significance of the study .......................................................................................... 4 1.5 Research Questions.................................................................................................. 4 1.6 Research Objectives................................................................................................. 4 1.7 Research Methodology ............................................................................................ 4 1.8 Limitation of the study ............................................................................................. 5 1.9 Delimitation of the study ......................................................................................... 5 1.10 Literature Review ...................................................................................................... 5 1.11 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................... 7 1.12 Keynesian Theories of Economic ........................................................................... 8 1.13 Sampling ............................................................................................................... 8 1.14 Simple Random Sampling ..................................................................................... 8 1.15 Sample Size ........................................................................................................... 9 1.16 Table 1 Interviewed participants ............................................................................ 9 1.17 Fig. 1 Population used for the sample size............................................................ 10 1.17 Table 2 Questionnaire response rate ..................................................................... 11 1.18 Chapter outline .................................................................................................... 11 iii 1.19 Chapter summary ................................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER 2 ....................................................................................................................... 14 2. FACTIONALISM AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ZIMBABWE ................ 14 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Economic development in Zimbabwe .................................................................... 14 2.3 Factionalism and economic paralysis ..................................................................... 15 2.4 Civil unrests as a result of factionalism .................................................................. 16 2.5 Factionalism and Corruption in Zimbabwe ............................................................ 17 2.6 Chapter summary................................................................................................... 18 CHAPTER 3 ....................................................................................................................... 20 3. THE CAUSES AND DEVELOPMENT OF FACTIONALISM IN ZIMBABWE........ 20 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Causes of factionalism in Zimbabwe ...................................................................... 20 3.3 The struggle for power ........................................................................................... 21 3.4 Human nature and factionalism .............................................................................. 23 3.5 Regionalism and tribalism ..................................................................................... 24 3.6 Constitutionalism ................................................................................................... 26 3.7 Lack of common ideology ..................................................................................... 27 3.8 Unfair distribution of political gains and resources................................................. 28 3.9 External and Western Influence ............................................................................. 29 3.10 Lack of firmly established party binding structure ................................................ 30 iv 3.11 Lack of political strategy...................................................................................... 31 3.12 Development of factionalism in Zimbabwe .......................................................... 34 3.13 Background ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.14 Effects of the development of factionalism in Zimbabwe ..................................... 36 3.15 Negative and positive effects of factionalism ....................................................... 37 3.16 Factionalism and its unavoidable nature ............................................................... 37 3.17 Cost Benefit Analysis .......................................................................................... 38 3.18 Benefits of factionalism ....................................................................................... 39 3.19 Solutions to factionalism ...................................................................................... 41 3.20 Chapter summary ................................................................................................. 42 CHAPTER 4 ....................................................................................................................... 43 4. IMPACT OF FACTIONALISM ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ZIMBABAWE ................................................................................................................ 43 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 43 4.2 ZANU PF and MDC-T factional struggles ............................................................. 44 4.3 Implications of factionalism to the economic development in Zimbabwe .............. 45 4.4 Factionalism and Zimbabwe‘ s trodden economy........................................................ 45 4.5 Chapter summary................................................................................................... 46 CHAPTER 5 ....................................................................................................................... 47 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................... 47 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 47 5.2 Summary of findings ............................................................................................. 47 v 5.3 Recommendations ................................................................................................. 49 5.4 Chapter summary................................................................................................... 49 vi Dedications I dedicate this thesis to my mum and grandparents for the unceasing support and encouragement that enabled me to be where I am today. vii Acknowledgements To our God Almighty to Him I give praise and thanks for giving me the strength and knowledge ,guidance and determination to pursue my ambition and an inspiration to pursue my dreams . l would also want to thank my auntie and uncle Mr and Mrs Denga ,my sister Maybe Ngundu . Thanks to my work related learning supervisor Mr Jairos Ndlovu for the guidance and support .Lastly but not least I would like to thank my friend Shammah Mamvura who has been of great help always. viii ABSTRACT Factionalism in Zimbabwe has always been an issue dating back to the pre- independence era, it has reaped many unbearable fruits in the 21st century .The struggle for power between the two main political parties ZANU-PF and MDC has seriously affected the economy. Factionalism contributed positively and negatively to the economic development of Zimbabwe. Its effects however are more negative than positive The causes of
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