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The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation
The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation Lead Authors:∗ Tamara Gurevich and Peter Herman Contributing Authors: Nabil Abbyad, Meryem Demirkaya, Austin Drenski, Jeffrey Horowitz, and Grace Kenneally Version 1.00 Abstract This document provides technical documentation for the Dynamic Gravity dataset. The Dynamic Gravity dataset provides extensive country and country pair information for a total of 285 countries and territories, annually, between the years 1948 to 2016. This documentation extensively describes the methodology used for the creation of each variable and the information sources they are based on. Additionally, it provides a large collection of summary statistics to aid in the understanding of the resulting Dynamic Gravity dataset. This documentation is the result of ongoing professional research of USITC Staff and is solely meant to represent the opinions and professional research of individual authors. It is not meant to represent in any way the views of the U.S. International Trade Commission or any of its individual Commissioners. It is circulated to promote the active exchange of ideas between USITC Staff and recognized experts outside the USITC, professional devel- opment of Office Staff and increase data transparency by encouraging outside professional critique of staff research. Please address all correspondence to [email protected] or [email protected]. ∗We thank Renato Barreda, Fernando Gracia, Nuhami Mandefro, and Richard Nugent for research assistance in completion of this project. 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Nomenclature . .3 1.2 Variables Included in the Dataset . .3 1.3 Contents of the Documentation . .6 2 Country or Territory and Year Identifiers 6 2.1 Record Identifiers . -
Sustained Prehistoric Exploitation of a Marshall Islands Fishery
Sustained prehistoric exploitation of a Marshall Islands fishery: ichthyoarchaeological approaches, marine resource use, and human- environment interactions on Ebon Atoll Ariana Blaney Joan Lambrides BA (Hons) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2017 School of Social Science Abstract Atolls are often characterised in terms of the environmental constraints and challenges these landscapes impose on sustained habitation, including: nutrient-poor soils and salt laden winds that impede plant growth, lack of perennial surface fresh water, limited terrestrial biodiversity, and vulnerability to extreme weather events and inundation since most atolls are only 2-3 m above sea level. Yet, on Ebon Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands in eastern Micronesia, the oceanside and lagoonside intertidal marine environments are expansive, with the reef area four times larger than the land area, supporting a diverse range of taxa. Given the importance of finfish resources in the Pacific, and specifically Ebon, this provided an ideal context for evaluating methods and methodological approaches for conducting Pacific ichthyoarchaeological analyses, and based on this assessment, implement high resolution and globally recognised approaches to investigate the spatial and temporal variation in the Ebon marine fishery. Variability in landscape use, alterations in the range of taxa captured, archaeological proxies of past climate stability, and the comparability of archaeological and ecological datasets were considered. Utilising a historical ecology approach, this thesis provides an analysis of the exploitation of the Ebon marine fishery from initial settlement to the historic period—two millennia of continuous occupation. The thesis demonstrated the importance of implementing high resolution methods and methodologies when considering long-term human interactions with marine fisheries. -
Tokelau the Last Colony?
Tokelau The last colony? TONY ANGELO (Taupulega) is, and long has been, the governing body. The chairman (Faipule) of the council and a village head ITUATED WELL NORTH OF NEW ZEALAND and (Pulenuku) are elected by universal suffrage in the village SWestern Samoa and close to the equator, the small every three years. The three councils send representatives atolls of Tokelau, with their combined population of about to form the General Fono which is the Tokelau national 1600 people, may well be the last colony of New Zealand. authority; it originally met only once or twice a year and Whether, when and in what way that colonial status of advised the New Zealand Government of Tokelau's Tokelau will end, is a mat- wishes. ter of considerable specula- The General Fono fre- lion. quently repeated advice, r - Kirlb•ll ·::- (Gifb•rr I•) The recently passed lbn•b'a ' ......... both to the New Zealand (Oc: ..n I} Tokelau Amendment Act . :_.. PMtnb 11 Government and to the UN 1996- it received the royal Committee on Decoloni • •• roltfl•u assent on 10 June 1996, and 0/tlh.g• sation, that Tokelau did not 1- •, Aotum•- Uu.t (Sw•ln•J · came into force on 1 August 1 f .. • Tllloplol ~~~~~ !•J.. ·-~~~oa wish to change its status ~ ~ 1996 - is but one piece in ' \, vis-a-vis New Zealand. the colourful mosaic of •l . However, in an unexpected Tokelau's constitutional de change of position (stimu- velopment. lated no doubt by external The colonialism that factors such as the UN pro Tokelau has known has posal to complete its been the British version, and decolonisation business by it has lasted so far for little the year 2000), the Ulu of over a century. -
Marshall Islands
Country Guide to Gamefishing in the Western and Central Pacific by Wade Whitelaw Oceanic Fisheries Programme Secretariat of the Pacific Community 2001 © Copyright Secretariat of the Pacific Community 2001 All rights for commercial / for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. The SPC authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this mate- rial for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided the SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the docu- ment and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial / for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPC artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission. Original text: English Secretariat of the Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data Whitelaw, Wade Country guide to gamefishing in the Western and Central Pacific: by Wade Whitelaw 1. Fishing - Oceania. 1. Title 2. Secretariat of the Pacific Community 799.1665 AACR2 ISBN 982–203–817–8 Secretariat of the Pacific Community BP D5 98848 Noumea Cedex New Caledonia Telephone: + 687 26 20 00 Facsimile: + 687 26 38 18 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.spc.int/ Funded by AusAID Layout: Muriel Borderie Prepared for publication and printed at Secretariat of the Pacific Community headquarters Noumea, New Caledonia, 2001 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . .1 BACKGROUND . .2 SOURCES OF INFORMATION . .4 RESULTS . .4 WORLD RECORDS . .5 SEASONALITY OF GAMEFISH SPECIES . .5 SEASONALITY OF TOURISM . .5 SUMMARY OF INFORMATION BY COUNTRY . .6 American Samoa . .7 Cook Islands . .11 Federated States of Micronesia . .15 Fiji Islands . .19 French Polynesia . .23 Guam . .27 Kiribati . .31 Marshall Islands . -
ATOLL RESEARCH Bulletln
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETlN NO. 235 Issued by E SMTPISONIAIV INSTITUTION Washington, D.C., U.S.A. November 1979 CONTENTS Abstract Introduction Environment and Natural History Situation and Climate People Soils and Vegetation Invertebrate Animals Vertebrate Animals Material and Methods Systematics of the Land Crabs Coenobitidae Coenobi ta Coenobi ta brevimana Coenobi ta per1 a ta Coenobi ta rugosa Birgus Birgus latro Grapsidae Geogxapsus Geograpsus crinipes Geograpsus grayi Metopograpsus Metopograpsus thukuhar Sesarma Sesarma (Labuaniurn) ?gardineri ii Gecarcinidae page 23 Cardisoma 2 4 Cardisoma carnif ex 2 5 Cardisoma rotundum 2 7 Tokelau Names for Land Crabs 30 Notes on the Ecology of the Land Crabs 37 Summary 4 3 Acknowledgements 44 Literature Cited 4 5 iii LIST OF FIGURES (following page 53) 1. Map of Atafu Atoll, based on N.Z. Lands and Survey Department Aerial Plan No. 1036/7~(1974) . 2. Map of Nukunonu Atoll, based on N.Z. Lands and Survey Department Aerial Plan No. 1036/7~sheets 1 and 2 (1974). 3. Map of Fakaofo Atoll, based on N.Z. Lands and Survey Department Aerial Plan No. 1036/7C (1974). 4. Sesarma (Labuanium) ?gardineri. Dorsal view of male, carapace length 28 rnm from Nautua, Atafu. (Photo T.R. Ulyatt, National Museum of N. Z.) 5. Cardisoma carnifex. Dorsal view of female, carapace length 64 mm from Atafu. (Photo T.R. Ulyatt) 6. Cardisoma rotundurn. Dorsal view of male, carapace length 41.5 mm from Village Motu, Nukunonu. (Photo T.R. Ulyatt) LIST OF TABLES 0 I. Surface temperature in the Tokelau Islands ( C) Page 5 11. Mean rainfall in the Tokelau Islands (mm) 6 111, Comparative list of crab names from the Tokelau Islands, Samoa, Niue and the Cook islands, 3 5 IV. -
Hold Fast to the Treasures of Tokelau; Navigating Tokelauan Agency in the Homeland and Diaspora
1 Ke Mau Ki Pale O Tokelau: Hold Fast To The Treasures of Tokelau; Navigating Tokelauan Agency In The Homeland And Diaspora A PORTFOLIO SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI’I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN PACIFIC ISLANDS STUDIES AUGUST 2014 BY Lesley Kehaunani Iaukea PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE: Terence Wesley-Smith, Chairperson David Hanlon John Rosa 2 © 2014 Lesley Kehaunani Iaukea 3 We certify that we have read this portfolio and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a portfolio for the degree of Master of Arts in Pacific Islands Studies. _____________________________ Terence Wesley-Smith Chairperson ______________________________ David Hanlon ______________________________ John Rosa 4 Table of Contents Table of Contents 4 Acknowledgements 6 Chapter One: Introduction 8 1. Introduction 8 2. Positionality 11 3. Theoretical Framework 13 4. Significance 14 5. Chapter outline 15 Chapter Two: Understanding Tokelau and Her People 18 1. Tokelau and her Atolls 20 2. Story of Creation from abstract elements 21 3. Na Aho O Te Pohiha (The days of darkness) 21 4. Peopling of the Tokelau Atolls 23 5. Path of Origin 24 6. Fakaofo 25 7. Nukunonu 26 8. Atafu 26 9. Olohega 26 10. Olohega meets another fate 27 11. Western contact 30 12. Myth as Practice 31 Chapter Three: Cultural Sustainability Through an Educational Platform 33 1. Education in Tokelau 34 2. The Various Methods Used 37 3. Results and impacts achieved from this study 38 4. Learning from this experience 38 5. Moving forward 43 6. -
Håfa Adai Everyday
SharingHåfa the Håfa AdaiAdai Spirit with EverydayOur Visitors and Each Other February 2016, Volume 4, Issue No. 12 HÅFA ADAI PLEDGE CEREMONY LIVING THE HÅFA ADAI PLEDGE Service with Håfa Adai is our business Guahan Insurance’s team from left: Brent Butler, Yuka Oguma, Shyla Santiago, Erica Gumataotao, Lorna Malbog, Dee Camacho, Naidene Rios and Kyoko Nakanishi. A HÅFA ADAI PLEDGE CEREMONY WAS HELD JANUARY 26 AT TERRY’S LOCAL COMFORT FOOD IN TUMON. From left: Edrienne Hernandez, family Guahan Insurance Services, Inc.’s (GIS) main focus and approach every day is member, Terry's Local Comfort Food; Kotwal Singh, owner, Singh's Cafe - to provide the highest level of service. It is important that we emphasize the Kabab Curry; Anthony J.G. Tornito, sole proprietor, Minahgong; Shalyn Allen, Håfa Adai Spirit as we welcome our customers and make them feel right at principal broker, Welcome Home Realty; Nadja Rillamas, realtor, Welcome home. Our licensed insurance associates will help individuals, families and Home Realty; Allison Sollenberg, realtor, Welcome Home Realty and Bianca businesses with customizable coverage that fits their needs and oer savings Cloud, realtor, Welcome Home Realty, proudly display their newly signed Håfa on combined packages. Adai Pledge certificates. Insurance transactions are unique and unlike any other line of business, because the product you purchase is an intangible item. Unlike trying on KAO UN TUNGO’? (Did you know?) clothes or test-driving a vehicle, insurance is dicult to sample. It is important that we eectively communicate and build customer confidence during this Agad’na: Canoe Builders transaction. Our insurance associates can help you map out the best coverage and thoroughly explain the sometimes intricate policy wordings. -
Unlocking the Secrets of Swains Island: a Maritime Heritage Resources Survey
“Unlocking the Secrets of Swains Island:” a Maritime Heritage Resources Survey September 2013 Hans K. Van Tilburg, David J. Herdrich, Rhonda Suka, Matthew Lawrence, Christopher Filimoehala, Stephanie Gandulla National Marine Sanctuaries National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Maritime Heritage Program Series: Number 6 The Maritime Heritage Program works cooperatively and in collaboration within the Sanctuary System and with partners outside of NOAA. We work to better understand, assess and protect America’s maritime heritage and to share what we learn with the public as well as other scholars and resource managers. This is the first volume in a series of technical reports that document the work of the Maritime Heritage Program within and outside of the National Marine Sanctuaries. These reports will examine the maritime cultural landscape of America in all of its aspects, from overviews, historical studies, excavation and survey reports to genealogical studies. No. 1: The Search for Planter: The Ship That Escaped Charleston and Carried Robert Smalls to Destiny. No. 2: Archaeological Excavation of the Forepeak of the Civil War Blockade Runner Mary Celestia, Southampton, Bermuda No. 3: Maritime Cultural Landscape Overview: The Redwood Coast No. 4: Maritime Cultural Landscape Overview: The Outer Banks No. 5: Survey and Assessment of the U.S. Coast Survey Steamship Robert J. Walker, Atlantic City, New Jersey. These reports will be available online as downloadable PDFs and in some cases will also be printed and bound. Additional titles will become available as work on the series progresses. Cover Image - Figure 1: Swains Island satellite image: Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Center. -
REVIEW REPORT on Tokelau's Clinical Health Services and Patient
REVIEW REPORT on Tokelau’s Clinical Health Services and Patient Referrals Scheme Prepared by: Tracie Mafile’o, Sunia Foliaki, Tanya Koro, Helen Leslie*, Michelle Redman- MacLaren, Caryn West, Matthew Roskrudge November 2019 *Helen Leslie contributed to the review report as a review team member up until July 2019 Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES ..............................................................................................................................................III LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................................................III ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................................... IV GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................................................................... IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................... V EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... VI PURPOSE .............................................................................................................................................................. VI APPROACH ........................................................................................................................................................... -
Turtlephilia in the Pacific: an Integrated Comparative
TURTLEPHILIA IN THE PACIFIC: AN INTEGRATED COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL, CULTURAL, AND SPIRITUAL ECOLOGY IN A PARTICULAR CASE OF BIOPHILIA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ANTHROPOLOGY MAY 2013 By Regina Woodrom Luna Dissertation Committee: Leslie Sponsel, Chairperson Charles Birkeland Alice Dewey Sherwood Maynard Heather Young-Leslie Keywords: Sea Turtle, Traditional Laws, Cultural Take, Consumption, Tapu, Tabu, Kapu, Taboo, Oceania, Polynesia, Myth, Legend, Ritual, Creation Story Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my wonderful husband, Jason Rudrud, without whose support -- both physically by picking up sea turtles with all their weight, and mentally by picking me up when it seemed as if my health issues would not allow me to finish – this dissertation would never have been completed. He is my hero and this is his accomplishment as much as it is mine. Next, I would be remiss without acknowledging the tremendous and never-ending support of my mother and chief editor, Mary Anne Woodrom; my dad and step-mother, Harold and Marilyn Woodrom; and my sister and assistant editor, Rebecca Reid and my brother-in-law, Lynn. My brother Roy Woodrom, whose generosity with his frequent flier miles sent me to ECOnference 2000, which set me on my path to study sea turtles as an undergraduate at Texas A&M. The rest of my extended family, especially my aunt Dr. Sandra Luna McCune for her editing assistance, also deserve acknowledgement for always being there for me regardless of the paths I choose to take. -
SPC Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management Support Activities in Pacific Island Countries and Territories
SPC climate change and disaster risk management support activities in Pacific Island countries and territories 2013 Compiled by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) © Copyright Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), 2013 All rights for commercial / for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. SPC authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial / for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPC artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission. Original text: English Secretariat of the Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data SPC climate change and disaster risk management support activities in Pacific Island countries and territories: 2013 / compiled by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) 1. Climatic changes — Oceania. 2. Environment — Management — Oceania. 3. Climatic changes — Management — Oceania. 4. Risk management — Oceania. I. Title II. Secretariat of the Pacific Community 577.22 AACR2 ISBN: 978-982-00-0646-1 Contents Purpose of document .................................................................................................................... 1 SPC national climate change support activities in Pacific Island countries and territories ............ 2 American Samoa...................................................................................................................... -
Leprosy in Kiribati: the Lived Experience
Lepr Rev (2020) 91, 353–366 doi:10.47276/lr.91.4.353 Leprosy in Kiribati: the lived experience Lee Thompsona, Nabura Iotebab & Steve Chambersc aAssociate Professor, Department of Population Health, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand bDoctor, Public Health Registrar, Christchurch, New Zealand cProfessor, Department of Pathology, University for Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand Submitted 9 July 2020; Accepted 20 August 2020 Summary Objectives: In spite of much progress around the world in eradicating leprosy, it continues to be a significant problem in the Pacific Island nation of Kiribati. Inorder to better understand elements that may contribute to leprosy’s continuing threat, the research reported in this paper set out to address the following research question: what is the lived experience of leprosy amongst Kiribati people? The research had a qualitative design and used in-depth interviews with seven people with leprosy and one parent who accompanied one of the participants. While there have been small survey projects, there has been no previous in-depth investigation of this topic in Kiribati to our knowledge. Results: Studies in other countries have found that traditional healers played a significant role in how people managed leprosy. There was little evidence that tra- ditional healers played such a role for the participants in this study. Two key themes that did emerge from the data were recognising leprosy and the ongoing role of stigma. Participants did not seem to have a high level of awareness and sometimes misrecognised it. Though some authors have found that stigma is not evident until after people are diagnosed with leprosy, some of the participants in this study anticipated stigma prior to diagnosis, in spite of what appeared to be low levels of awareness of the disease.