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DEFEXPO 2014 SPECIAL Interview Photographs: DPR Visit us at Hall 14 Booth 14.3
Page 4 Force Projection & Modernisation of Indian Navy
The cornerstone of the doctrinal transformation of the Indian Navy since independence has been self-reliance through indigenisation. Rear Admiral (Retd) Sushil Ramsay
Page 8 Modernisation of the Indian Coast Guard ‘We are committed to In the past three decades, the ICG has grown from strength to strength and has become a force to reckon with. The fleet size has grown to over 80 vessels of various ensuring security and size and role capabilities, apart from several interceptor craft and workboats. Rear Admiral (Retd) Sushil Ramsay stability in the IOR’ Page 11 India’s Warship Building Vice Admiral Pradeep Kumar Chatterjee, Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff, in an interview Capability A major criticism of the warship construction with SP’s Naval Forces, said that issues of regional stability would continue to remain programme in India lies in its huge time and an imperative that would impact India’s national security matrix in the coming years cost overruns giving the impression that DPSU shipyards are inefficient as compared to their SP’s Naval Forces (SP’s): The maritime coupled with failing states and ungov- and long-term would remain on induction counterparts abroad. eminence of a nation is gauged through erned spaces. Therefore, in my opinion, of platforms to achieve a balanced ‘force Rear Admiral (Retd) Dr S. Kulshrestha the prowess of its Navy. How do you see issues of regional stability would continue mix’ for undertaking roles, missions and the growth and potential of the Indian to remain an imperative that would impact objectives in our primary and secondary Plus Navy fulfilling its doctrinal obligations? India’s national security matrix in the com- areas of interest. Significant attention is SP’s Exclusive 9 Vice Admiral Pradeep Kumar Chatterjee ing years. Consequently, the Indian Navy already being paid to augment and build (DCNS): There is a growing acceptance would always endeavour to remain well technical and support infrastructure for Saab Naval Portfolio and of the fact that the maritime domain will poised and equipped to play a maritime maintenance of new induction platforms Teaming with India 10 be the key enabler to India’s economic leadership role in the IOR. Needless to say, and undertake repairs of state-of-the-art growth. The role and responsibility of the we seek to evolve relevant doctrines and equipment being inducted. Further, the ShinMaywa: Infinite Indian Navy has therefore grown corre- conceptual frameworks in order to acquire impetus to attract and retain first rate per- Possibilities of the US-2 13 spondingly with our expanding economic the war-fighting capabilities to operate sonnel while working towards rationalisa- News in Brief 14 interests. The responsibilities associated across the full spectrum of conflict in sup- tion of manning policies by incorporating/ with being a mature and responsible port of our national interests. While com- inducting new technologies and practices regional maritime power would also have bat readiness remains our primary focus, would also be a priority area. to be concurrently fulfilled. we are also committed to ensuring secu- The overall security situation in the rity and stability in the IOR and in provid- SP’s: Considering the long gestation Indian Ocean region (IOR) continues to ing support to our maritime neighbours. period in induction of cutting-edge be palpable due to piracy and terrorism, Our focus, therefore, in the medium- technologies, systems, weapons, etc Applied for
1/2014 1 Unique.Unique. AheadAhead ofof thethe Art.Art. Unique. Ahead of the Art.
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Message Minister of Defence India I am happy to learn that SP Guide Publications is completing 50 years of existence. Since its inception in 1964, SP Guide Publications has played an unmatched and a vital role by serving our Armed Forces and their concerns. The publications’ efforts have been appreciated by all its readers. I hope that SP Guide Publications will continue to serve our Armed Forces and the nation in the years to come. I wish SP Guide Publications the very best in its endeavours. Jai Hind. A.K. Antony
The first issue of SP’s Naval tion Control Vessels, FPVs etc. We wish our readers a joyous Forces coincides with the Def- News in Brief just about wraps expo 2014, being held from Feb- and prosperous New Year. For us the issue. ruary 6-9, at Delhi. SP Guide Pub- at SP Guide Publications, 2014 For the information of you is momentous as we move into lications is the sole media partner ardent readers, SP’s Naval our Golden Jubilee celebrations and has a bouquet of magazines Forces has completed eight glo- to offer for the Defexpo 2014. This with our heartfelt gratitude to our rious years in 2013 which would founder Shri Sukhdeo Prasad issue of SP’s Naval Forces, which not have been possible without is part of the bouquet, starts with Baranwal. We reiterate our the support of ‘you’ readers and the excerpts of the interview with commitment to our readers of our cooperation of the Naval Head- Deputy Chief of Naval Staff, Vice constant endeavour to enrich and quarters. February 1 is Indian Admiral P.K. Chatterjee, who is a augment our publication. Coast Guard Day. SP Guide hard core submariner. During the Our Founder Publications wish them a very Shri Sukhdeo Prasad Baranwal interview, Vice Admiral Chatterjee glorious and successful future. dwelt at length as how the Indian If you are at the Defexpo 2014, EDITORIAL Navy is going to fulfill its doctrinal Navy’s supporting plans for Indian Coast Guard is inti- please visit us at Hall 14, Booth obligation, state of operational Force Projection through mod- mately involved with coastal 14.3. Wish you all happy reading. readiness and degree of indigeni- ernisation. The author traces the security thus an insight into sation of naval hardware, apart Navy’s path-breaking journey their modernisation plans has from other issues. He opined that from pre-Independence to the also been included. Due to the the overall security situation in the current era. The Navy has been persistent effort of the Indian Indian Ocean region continues to in the forefront in attempting Coast Guard (ICG) its post- be palpable due to piracy and ter- India’s mantra of self-sufficiency 26/11 Capability Building Plan rorism, coupled with failing states in military hardware through has resulted in the ICG conclud- and ungoverned spaces. There- indigenisation. In order to ful- ing contracts for more than 120 fore, in his opinion, issues of fill this aspiration, an article on surface platforms of different regional stability would continue India’s warship building capabil- sizes since January 2009 till to remain centre stage. ity is included which takes a hard date. The current force level has The interview is logically fol- look at the current capability and grown to over 90 surface plat- Jayant BaranwaL lowed by an article on the Indian future plans for its development. forms comprising OPVs, Pollu- Publisher & Editor-in-Chief
on to naval platforms, how is the Indian relationship is essential. This will give con- DCNS: The recent re-organisation at the DCNS: The Indian Navy has been charged Navy managing to ensure its operational fidence to both parties for sharing the risks Naval Headquarters has been undertaken with safeguarding India’s interest in the readiness? of development as well as the benefits of to provide greater synergy and coordina- maritime domain as also to extend its DCNS: The class of equipment available new technology with reduced costs. tion between fields that are interlinked reach for affording a credible deterrence on the ships could be broadly divided into and complement each other. While the capability. All operations in the IOR are three categories, viz. ‘to float’, ‘to move’ SP’s: In the context of true blue-water Navy has always placed high priority on accordingly aimed at enhancing national and ‘to fight’. In the first two categories, capability, are you satisfied with the expanding its capabilities in these fields— and regional common maritime security there have been considerable indigenisation current rate of development in all three to a very large extent by leveraging niche interest. The key to any successful opera- efforts and we have been able to identify dimensions of the Indian Navy? technologies developed indigenously, the tion is maintaining situational or maritime indigenous sources for various equipment. DCNS: Force structure planning by its very new Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff will awareness, networked command, control However, for the ‘fight’ category which nature is a complex process and requires provide greater focus and consolidation to and communications, ready response and includes weapons and sensors, we still an assured long-term funding and credible these efforts. As far as the dedicated satel- long reach. Quick and calibrated response depend largely on imports. Numerous sources of supply. Today, the Indian Navy lite is concerned, we see it as a means of commensurate to the situation as well as schemes under ‘Buy and Make’ and ‘Buy operates a balanced force comprising two ensuring seamless, efficient, reliable and optimum jointmanship with the other ser- and Make (Indian)’ are in progress for aircraft carriers, multi-role destroyers and multi-spectrum communication across vices and other agencies are necessary. In acquisition of state-of-the-art weapons frigates, fleet tankers, amphibious ships our areas of interest. The new asset will consonance with the above Indian Navy has and sensors under the Defence Procure- and a multitude of other aviation and sub- not only catalyse our own operations sig- committed to developing maritime domain ment Procedure 2013. While the market for surface combatants, capable of blue-water nificantly, but also enable us to contribute awareness, network-centric operations, defence equipment is affected by denial operations in the IOR and beyond. The pres- more effectively to the collective effort of presence and surveillance, interoperability regimes at times, our aim is to acquire criti- ent force levels of the Indian Navy are being all friendly navies in the region to make and optimum jointmanship. cal associated technological know-how. further augmented for undertaking tasks our maritime neighbourhood more safe The cutting-edge technology equipment defined for the Indian Navy, as also confront and secure. SP’s: For greater mutual understanding of the Navy makes it a capital intensive ser- the challenges of piracy in the IOR and shoul- and cooperation at sea, the Indian Navy vice. Acquisition of ships and submarines der the responsibility of coastal security. SP’s: Indian Navy’s capabilities have been has been pursuing the concept of joint because of their complexity and size, has adequately demonstrated by extend- exercises at sea, doctrinal exchanges development periods ranging from 5-12 SP’s: Communications, space and net-cen- ing security cover to a friendly country, and interactions on maritime strategic years, and therefore, require long-term tric operations for Indian Navy have been peacekeeping forces, evacuation from issues with navies of the region and commitment of funds. strengthened by revamping the organisa- battle zones, relief and rehabilitation all prominent maritime powers. Would Further, given the complexity, mag- tion and creation of Assistant Chief of assistance during natural calamities and you like to present a brief assessment nitude and resource intensive nature of the Naval Staff to oversee the operations. disasters, etc. What further improve- of the special initiatives of the Navy in development of new naval systems, a Navy- With the launch of a dedicated naval sat- ments into the system and the core com- this sphere? industry relationship founded more on ellite, what is the future perspective in petency of the Indian Navy would you partnership than mere customer-supplier this domain? like to be instituted? Continued on page 6
1/2014 3 modernisation
Photograph: Indian Navy
Ins Vikramaditya shines in tropics
Force Projection & Modernisation of Indian Navy
The cornerstone of the doctrinal transformation of the Indian Navy since independence has been self-reliance through indigenisation. Read through the article to know in detail about the various ongoing and future programmes of the Indian Navy.
n Rear Admiral (Retd) Sushil Ramsay zz Air communications to Iraq, Ceylon, neous small ships to be built in 10 years. carrier INS Vikrant, the Indian Navy has Burma and Malaya. The plan envisaged gradual development operated with a huge void in this sphere. ikipedia defines force zz Control of the seas and the island ter- of the Navy to form two fleets, each to be INS Viraat was kept operational through projection “as a term ritories. built around a light fleet carrier. periodic cycle of extensive refit to provide used in military and politi- Based on the above perspective, in April The plan clearly reflected the Indian life extension. The latest extensive refit cal science to refer to the 1944, a plan was prepared by Vice Admiral Navy’s aspiration for regional pre-emi- included refurbishment in its entirety, to capacity of a state to con- Godfrey, the Commander-in-Chief of the nence, apart from several seminal recom- include strengthening of the hull wherever ductW expeditionary warfare, i.e. to intimi- Royal Indian Navy (RIN), for submission to mendations to remedy the after-effects of necessary, major overhaul of its propul- date other nations and implement policy the Chiefs of Staff Committee. It had two the partition of the Navy, like shortages sion system, comprising twin-steam tur- by means of force, or the threat thereof, phases. Phase I proposed the replacement of manpower, constructing new training bines, re-tubing of its boilers, etc. in an area distant from its own terri- of inefficient ships by modern frigates and establishments, disposing of old ships and The acquisition of extensively refitted tory. This ability is a crucial element of sloops, acquisition of eight destroyers and acquiring immediate replacements. and modernised, former Russian inter- a state’s power in international relations. training of personnel by 1947 to man a continental ballistic missile (ICBM) carrier Any state able to direct its military forces cruiser. Phase II envisaged the acquisition of Growth of the Indian Navy Admiral Gorshkov, now commissioned as outside the limited bounds of its territory aircraft carriers and submarines with asso- Ever since, the Indian Navy’s growth has INS Vikramaditya, at the final cost of $2.35 might be said to have some level of power ciated training and maintenance facilities. strictly been in conformance with the billion, has added new dimension to the projection capability, but the term itself above dictum, with the pendulum gradu- Indian Navy’s blue-water capability. Vikra- is used most frequently in reference to Post-Independence Plan ally shifting from the buyer’s Navy to maditya has reached its home port and is militaries with a worldwide reach (or at In August 1947, Rear Admiral J.T.S. Hall was builder’s Navy. Cornerstone of the doctri- currently engaged in extensive flying oper- least significantly broader than a state’s appointed as India’s first Flag Officer Com- nal transformation of the Indian Navy was ations to integrate the MiG-29K aircraft immediate area).” manding, RIN. His Chief of Staff (now called self-reliance through indigenisation. into the Air Wing of the carrier. Dictionary of Military and Associated the Vice Chief of the Naval Staff) was Commo- Aircraft Carrier Programme: Since the Indigenous construction of the presti- Terms, the US Department of Defense 2005 dore Martin H. St. L. Nott. These two farsighted decommissioning of the first ever aircraft gious 37,500-tonne indigenous aircraft car- defines, “Power projection in and from the officers, guided by the then Rear Admiral rier (IAC), formerly known as air defence maritime environment, including a broad Lord Louis Mountbatten, then the Viceroy of ship is on track. Vikrant was launched at spectrum of offensive military opera- India, and assisted by Cdr (later Admiral) A.K. Induction of 16 MRH is yet to the Cochin Shipyard Ltd in August 2013 tions to destroy enemy forces or logistic Chatterji, the first Director of Naval Plans, and is likely to be commissioned by end support or to prevent enemy forces from Lt Cdr (later Vice Admiral) N. Krishnan, the receive the approval of Cabinet 2015. Vikrant would embark a mix of up to approaching within enemy weapons’ range Staff Officer Plans and Lt Cdr Y.N. Singh, the 30 aircraft, including MiG-29Ks, indigenous of friendly forces. Maritime power projec- Navy’s first aviator, prepared an “Outline Plan Committee on Security. In a LCA (Navy) Tejas, as also rotary-wing assets tion may be accomplished by amphibious for the Reorganisation and Development of to include Ka-31 airborne early warning assault operations, attack of targets ashore, the Indian Navy”. It envisioned the following new development, the two (AEW) helicopters. Fixed-wing aircraft oper- or support of sea control operations.” essential roles for the Indian Navy: leading contenders, the US ations would be based on short take-off zz To safeguard Indian shipping. but arrested recovery (STOBAR) concept on British Strategic Perceptions in 1944 zz To ensure that supplies could reach Sikorsky and European NH an angled flight deck with a 12-14 degree At the time when India was on the thresh- and leave by sea in all circumstances. ski-jump. The carrier will be powered by old of becoming an independent nation, zz To prevent an enemy landing on India’s Industries, have been asked four Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)- the Commander-in-Chief, India, assessed shores. built General Electric LM2500 gas turbines the following vital strategic interests of the zz To support the Army in seaborne to extend validity of their driving two shafts that would give the ship British Commonwealth in the Indian Ocean: operations. a top speed of over 28 knots. zz Oil supplies. The minimum force recommended was commercial bids. The follow-on programme of two addi- zz Control of the eastern and western two aircraft carriers, three cruisers, eight tional IAC of 45,000 tonnes has the approval
www.spsnavalforces.com approaches to India. destroyers, four submarines and miscella- of the government. The design finalisa-
4 1/2014 DETECT. DECIDE. ENGAGE.
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Photograph: Indian Navy tion of IAC II and III is in works with the suggest that Indian Navy has plans for naval designers. Yard nomination for this INS Trikand stealth frigate, three SSBNs and six nuclear-powered attack the follow-on Talwar class project would be decided post approval of submarines (SSNs) to acquire credible sec- the design, tonnage and dimensions of the ond strike capability in the long run. future carriers. Successful launch of the IAC and its follow-on programme would result Naval Aviation in realising the pre-independence dream of The Indian Navy has on order 12 Boeing the Indian Navy to have two fleets with an P-8I long-range maritime reconnaissance integrated Carrier Battle Group each. and ASW (LRMRASW) aircraft. These would EADS (now Airbus Defence and Space) is be delivered by 2015. In a major boost to currently consulting with the programme to the Indian Navy’s naval aviation moderni- optimise the platform for flight testing of sation plan, the Defence Acquisition Coun- light combat aircraft (LCA) Navy Mk. I. There cil (DAC) has recently approved the pro- are serious misgivings that the indigenous curement of nine medium-range maritime LCA Navy Mk.1 may never actually land on reconnaissance (MRMR) planes worth $1 an aircraft carrier, as reportedly, the aircraft billion and the limited series production is too underpowered for safe carrier opera- of nine carrier-borne LCA (Navy), Tejas to tions. Therefore, India’s first home-built operate from IAC. The original requirement carrier-borne fighter jet may actually be the was for six aircraft which has now been LCA Navy Mk.2, powered by a GE F414 tur- increased to nine. The request for propos- bofan, which meets the thrust requirements als or tenders has already been issued to prescribed by the Indian Navy. extended-range Barak (ER-SAM). force levels compounded by delays in P-75, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Alenia, Saab, Air- Projects 17 & 17A: All three ships of Talwar Class: Three follow-on Talwar Indian Navy may perhaps go for additional bus Military, Antonov, Embraer and IAI Elta. the Project 17 Shivalik class, stealth frig- class GM frigates constructed in Russia three Scorpene submarines. Few years ago, There are also reports to suggest Indian ates built by Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) have been delivered. These ships have been the government had approved Project 75 Navy’s interest in acquiring a fixed-wing have been commissioned. The ships’ commissioned as Tej (sword), Tarkash India (P-75I) for construction of six new- AEW platform for its aircraft carriers, first stealth capability is provided through the (Quiver) and Trikand (Tri-Pronged). The generation submarines with AIP technol- the INS Vikramaditya, then the three IACs. incorporation of systems to minimise its major change in the new series of stealth ogy for greater underwater endurance and While Northrop-Grumman’s offer of E-2 signatures. These include an infrared sup- frigates is replacement of the Klub missiles land-attack missile capabilities in collabora- Hawkeye has been under consideration, the pression system (IRSS) provided by Cana- with the BrahMos system. tion with a foreign shipyard under transfer flexibility of the Bell-Boeing V-22, Osprey da’s Davis Engineering; acoustic and vibra- Project 28 ASW Corvettes: Four of technology (ToT) provisions at a cost of has in recent times caught the imagination tion signatures would be suppressed by new stealth ASW corvettes indigenously over `50,000 crore As per originally govern- of naval planners. use of noise and vibration-proof mounts designed are being built by GRSE, Kolkata. ment-approved plans, the first two subma- UAVs: So far as UAVs are concerned, and the design caters to reduced radar The first of the line is likely to becom- rines were to be imported along with ToT Indian Navy’s present force levels of eight cross-section. These ships are capable of missioned shortly. At 2,500 tonnes and for indigenous construction of the remain- searchers and four Herons is woefully carrying two advanced multi-role helicop- entirely designed indigenously for a mini- ing four submarines at a selected shipyard. inadequate to meet even a fraction of the ters. The follow-on programme of seven mised signature profile to provide stealth After avoidable delays of several years, the surveillance requirement. Currently, there stealth frigates under Project 17A will be capability, these ships would considerably Defence Acquisition Council has given a are at least four major Indian companies with design modification to accommo- augment the Navy’s ASW capability. fresh go-ahead to Indian Navy’s original with licences to manufacture. date new generation weapon systems, like Amphibious Capability: With the induc- proposal to directly import two of the six Seaplanes: Modern seaplanes can pro- Barak-2, medium-range surface-to-air mis- tion of the landing platform dock (LPD) diesel-electric stealth submarines from the vide much needed island support and sile (MR SAM)/EL/M-2248, MF STAR com- Jalashwa, the Indian Navy has consider- foreign collaborator and eventually selected offshore assets protection, surveillance, bination, plus BrahMos vertically-launched ably augmented its amphibious capability. for P-75I. The remaining four boats are to be long-range search and rescue and casualty supersonic multi-role cruise missiles. Together with the five landing ship tanks built at the Mazagon Dock Ltd, Mumbai and evacuation, ultra long-range fleet logis- These new generation platforms will be of (large), a sealift capability for over 3,500 the Hindustan Shipyard Ltd, Visakhapatnam, tic support, long-range visit board search 6,700-tonne with latest stealth features, troops and a squadron of armour now under ToT agreement. A fresh approval of and seizure operations, humanitarian including fully concealed weapon systems exists. The Jalashwa also carries six SH53 the Cabinet Committee on Security to float assistance and disaster relief operations, and sensors. The seven ships will be con- troop carrying helicopters, which together global tender to import two submarines is counter arms and drugs trafficking, human structed on the modular concept, with four with the existing fleet of the Sea King 42C still awaited. migration, poaching, toxic cargo dumping assigned to MDL and the balance three to provides an element for aerial envelopment. Nuclear: Indigenously designed and operations, etc. Possibly, a fleet of 18 sea- Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers To augment its amphibious lift capabil- developed 6,000-tonne nuclear subma- planes would be required to ensure ability (GRSE). All of the seven stealth frigates are ity, the Indian Navy is now looking to build rine Arihant, which was launched in 2009, to launch two missions from three loca- expected to be inducted by 2023. larger amphibious ships of the LPD variety. attained critical threshold of its nuclear tions simultaneously to cover the entire Projects 15A & 15B: Approved in 2000, This project may be pursued through exter- reactor in August 2013. On completion its North Indian Ocean. A memorandum of the three follow-on Delhi class destroyers nal design collaboration on the model for ‘sea acceptance trials’ phase, the boat is understanding (MoU) on the transfer of form the Project 15A have been named as the IAC project. Discussions are said to be soon to embark upon various stages of its technology on this was concluded last the Kolkata class. The second and third on with various prospective shipbuilders for extensive ‘harbour acceptance trials’ phase. year during the visit of Prime Minister of ships will be named as Kochi and Benga- selection of suit¬able design requirements. Going by the current estimates, Arihant India to Japan. ShinMaywa is most likely to luru. These ships are considerably differ- is expected to be commissioned by end emerge as the pivot for induction of sea- ent from their predecessors with the incor- Submarines 2015. Arihant is said to be carrying 12xK- planes, if approved for Indian Navy. poration of stealth features and advanced Conventional: The submarine fleet of the 15 submarine-launched ballistic missiles Multi-role Helicopter (MRH): Induction technology. The major changes will include Indian Navy is planned to be augmented to with a range of 750 km, with both conven- of 16 MRH is yet to receive the approval the fitment of up to 16 vertically-launched 30 platforms. These are part of Indian Navy’s tional and nuclear warheads. Additionally, of Cabinet Committee on Security. In a new BrahMos missiles and the new long-range 30-year submarine building plan which was it will be fitted for carrying conventional development, the two leading contenders, Barak NG, long-range surface-to-air (LR- approved in 1999. Under Project 75 (P-75), torpedoes and anti-ship and land-attack the US Sikorsky and European NH Indus- SAM) being jointly developed by the six new Scorpene class, currently under con- cruise missiles. Reportedly at a later stage, tries, have been asked to extend validity Defence Research and Development Organ- struction at the MDL in collaboration with Arihant and its two successor nuclear-pow- of their commercial bids. There is still no isation (DRDO) with Israel’s IAI, as also new the French DCNS are three years astern of ered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) movement forward on another RFP for 91 sensors. These three ships are expected to the original delivery schedule of 2012-17 will be fitted for under development 3,500- naval multi-role helicopters. The Navy is join Indian Navy between 2014 and 2016. and carry a cost tab of `23,562 crore. As per km, K-4 submarine launched ballistic mis- still in the process of finalising the upgrade The government has also approved addi- the revised timelines, the first boat will be siles, a sea-based version of the Agni-III packages for the ageing Sea Kings. The tional four ships of the same class to be delivered in August 2015 and the last in Sep- with enhanced range to provide credible Navy has 40-odd Sea King choppers in its designated as Project 15B and the con- tember 2018. The silver lining, however, is second strike capability. To acquire much air wing, but the strength has come down struction load to be shared between MDL that the fifth and sixth submarines of P-75 needed training and operating philosophy to about 30 helicopters due to mishaps. and GRSE. Although the design is the same, would be air independent propulsion (AIP) of nuclear-powered submarine, INS Chakra, Replacement of the Chetak helicopter fleet these are likely to have enhanced weapons compliant at an additional cost of `1,000 a leased Russian Akula II class SSN, Nerpa including meeting the Coast Guard require- and systems such as BrahMos II and the crore each. Considering the fast depleting has already joined Indian Navy. Reports ments is also in the plans. SP
‘We are committed to ensuring... continued from page 3
DCNS: To ensure a peaceful periphery, India tioned objectives, the Indian Navy con- ing while improving the safety and secu- sium and MILAN in the IOR. Further Indian has remained focused on security of sea ducts a number of bilateral exercises with rity of the sea-borne trade and seafarers. Navy participates in other global maritime lanes in the IOR, responding to natural disas- friendly navies. These exercises, while pro- Indian Navy has also been participating in constructs such as Western Pacific Naval ters, stability in neighbourhood and where moting ‘confidence building’, are an impor- multilateral exercises under the aegis of Symposium and Rim of the Pacific Exercise. feasible, capacity building of neighbouring tant source of learning new tactical pro- Association of South East Asian Nations These forums enable us to have free and countries to meet their internal challenges as cedures, formats for operational planning (ASEAN) Defence Ministers Meeting-Plus. frank discussions towards mitigating com- also to contribute towards meeting common and improving our operating procedures. With an aim to encourage cooperative mon maritime concerns. There is thus an security challenges in the region and beyond. ‘Coordinated patrols’ with the navies in engagement, Indian Navy has initiated con- increasing trend to work towards global
SP www.spsnavalforces.com Towards achieving the above men- the region contribute to confidence build- structs such as Indian Ocean Naval Sympo- responses to maritime challenges.
6 1/2014 CLUB-K CONTAINER MISSILE SYSTEM
• Use from any land launching positions, maritime, railway platforms and open trucks • Efficiency of delivery by all means of transport and installation on a carrier or a coastal position • Surface and land targets engagement • Increase in ammunition load capabilities
CLUB-U MODULAR MISSILE SYSTEM
• Optimal solution when upgrading ships • Ability of immediate ship equipping with surface-to-surface missile system • Enemy surface and land targets engagement
CLUB-M COASTAL MISSILE SYSTEM
• Surface and land targets engagement
EACH STATE HAS THE RIGHT TO INDEPENDENCE • Invisibility and mobility • Good cross-country ability • Wide range of delivered configurations Coast Guard Modernisation of the Indian Coast Guard
In the past three decades, the ICG has grown from strength to strength and has become a force to reckon with. The fleet size has grown to over 80 vessels of various size and role capabilities, apart from several interceptor craft and workboats. The Coast Guard ships are now state-of-the-art vessels with equipment fit which is abreast of the latest in technology and operational capabilities.
Photographs: ICG n Rear Admiral (Retd) Sushil Ramsay Indian Coast dered those with excellent manoeuvrabil- Guard ship C-401 ity and shallow water capabilities which he Indian Coast Guard (ICG), are crucial for ICG operations. Along with an armed force under the Min- the advancement in propulsion system, the istry of Defence, was formed in ICG has also modernised the Bridge and 1978 with a specific charter for Navigation Bridge by introducing the most non-military maritime safety and advanced Integrated Bridge Systems. Tsecurity functions in the maritime zones of To further synergise its search and India. The ICG has come a long way since rescue (SAR) efforts, the ICG has set up its modest beginning with two old frigates Maritime Rescue Coordination Centres and which were transferred from the Indian Sub-centres at its Regional and District Navy and five patrol boats obtained from Headquarters for coordination of rescue the Department of Customs. Subsequently, efforts. The ICG has also established a ves- two Chetak helicopters and two Fokker sel reporting system, INDSAR, exclusively Friendship (F-27) aircraft, leased from Indi- for SAR coordination and a toll free no an Airlines formed the air arm of ICG. Over 1554 for SAR emergency response. the years, the ICG has grown into a credible Seriously pursuing its Pollution force and is now fully integrated with all Response charter, the ICG has established national agencies and organisations which three Pollution Response Centres at Mum- are stakeholders in handling the challenges bai, Chennai and Port Blair with a combined emanating at or from the sea. capability for responding up to 10,000 Thirty-six years hence, the ICG fleet is tonnes spillage. Addition of two PCVs and barely recognisable from the past. The fleet Commissioning of fast construction of another one has been a shot patrol vessel ICGS Aadesh size has grown to over 80 vessels of various in the arm for the ICG to deal with a large size and role capabilities, apart from several number of tankers plying through Indian interceptor craft and workboats. The Coast EEZ, as also the increased population of oil Guard ships are now state-of-the-art ves- and gas rigs along the west and east coasts. sels with an equipment fit which is abreast In tune with the national objective to of the latest in technology and operational ensure near gapless surveillance of the capabilities which conform to the ICG Char- entire coastline and for preventing intru- ter. This transformation into a modern and sion by undetected vessels, ICG has been effective maritime organisation has been given the responsibility of establishing a gradual and a result of the plans and poli- coastal surveillance network (CSN) along cies put in place over the years. the entire Indian coastline including the The watershed moment of ICG mani- island territories. Phase-I of the project, fested itself in the rather unfortunate inci- in the form of 46 static radars along the dent of Mumbai terror attacks on Novem- coastline—36 in the mainland and 10 in ber 26, 2008. It was only post-26/11 that the Island territories—is nearing comple- the Indian Government paid heed to the tion. The data generated by the static radar clamour raised by the ICG for an urgent chain and automatic identification system need to modernise the ageing fleet and aug- sensors will be integrated with the vessel ment its assets to meet its mandated char- traffic management system installed in all ter. The subsequent modernisation of the major ports as well as in the Gulfs of Kutch ICG brought about far-reaching changes in ceptor boats (IBs) and air cushion vehicles grown from 45 aircraft in 2008 to more and Khambhat and processed at various the organisational set up as well as mate- (ACVs), available to the ICG in 2008. The than 60 aircraft currently. The existing fleet levels prior to flowing on to Coast Guard rial assets, both ashore and afloat. post-26/11 capability building plan has of Dornier aircraft is also being upgraded Headquarters from where it will be shared In 2008, the ICG had three regional resulted in the ICG concluding contracts for with state-of-the-art equipment like the with all agencies associated with coastal headquarters, 11 district headquarters and more than 120 surface platforms of differ- ELTA radar for more effective maritime security. This would be followed up with five air establishments. During the past ent sizes since January 2009 till date. The surveillance. Retrofitment of advanced the Phase-II of the CSN project which is five years, the ICG has obtained govern- current force level has grown to over 90 pollution surveillance equipment on these aimed at further consolidating the gains ment sanctions for two additional Regional surface platforms comprising OPVs, pollu- aircraft is also under construction. Acquisi- accrued from Phase-I of the project. Headquarters, three district headquar- tion control vessels (PCVs), FPVs and IBs/ tion of additional aircraft is also being pro- The ICG had a metamorphosis over ters, 20 stations, 10 air establishments ACVs despite concurrent decommissioning cessed and by the end of the decade, the the years and has emerged as a mature and a Coast Guard Academy for special- of over a dozen ships and boats. Of the con- effective strength of Coast Guard air assets and vibrant maritime organisation. This ised training on ICG tasks. Of these, two cluded contracts, about 100 surface plat- is expected to reach the three figure mark. has been made possible through constant regional headquarters at Gandhinagar forms are currently under construction with In its march towards capability building, integration with all developments in tech- and Kolkata, two district headquarters at DPSUs and private shipyards in India and the ICG has also kept pace with the latest nology and ensuring that this process of Kavaratti and Port Blair, 19 stations and further acquisition of 20 odd ships includ- in the field of technology to make its ships modernisation would be irreversible and four air establishments have been created ing a training ship are being progressed. leaner and meaner. The ICG has invested continuous in the years to come. in the past five years. With the establish- On the aviation front, the ICG has in increasing the speed of its vessels sub- In the past three decades, the ICG has ment of the remaining infrastructure in the stantially so as to enable it to respond to grown from strength to strength and has near future, the ICG will have a well-spread any emerging situation at sea with alacrity. become a force to reckon with. ICG has organisational structure with five regional A capable and confident ICG Modernisation has also transformed the built-up an international liaison and is headquarters, 14 district headquarters, 42 erstwhile machinery control rooms moni- looked up by neighbouring countries for Coast Guard stations and 15 air establish- has scripted a success story toring analogue parameters to software assistance in the field of SAR, marine pollu- ments functioning all along the coast. based machinery controls and diagnostic tion response and other non-military mari- Similarly, there were about 60 surface which speaks for itself system which can be accessed from the time charter. A capable and confident ICG platforms comprising offshore patrol ves- position of own choosing. The introduction has scripted a success story which speaks
SP www.spsnavalforces.com sels (OPVs), fast patrol vessels (FPVs), inter- of jet propulsion systems for FPVs has ren- for itself.
8 1/2014 SP’s ExclusiveS
By SP’s Special Correspondent the NH90 in service with the navies of Mod 4 127/62 naval gun system. However, and 2013. A comprehensive review meet- Netherlands and France. It is unclear at with BAE Systems choosing not to bid for ing held last month took stock of progress, World’s largest chopper this time if Sikorsky will separately pitch a the competition, a peculiar situation has and involved persons from the French competition delayed navalised version of the H-92 Superhawk, arisen. Oto Melara, the only company that DGA, DCNS and French industry. It has been confirmed that delays have though there have been reports to suggest has responded to the Navy’s call for inter- once again cast uncertainty over the it may be considering the option est, is a subsidiary of Finmeccanica and INS Vikramaditya shines in tropicAL Indian Navy’s request for propsal (RFP) speculation remains over whether Oto conditions for the highly anticipated naval multi-role Flight trials for Indian Coast Guard Melara has a fighting chance in any situ- One of the chief concerns for Commodore helicopter (NMRH) requirement, envisag- CSAR chopper set to begin ation. However, the immediate chance of Suraj Berry and his crew when they sailed ing 120 multi-role helicopters for the Navy Airbus Helicopters is gearing up for flight forward movement have been stalled by into Indian waters this month, was that to be procured through the ‘Buy & Make’ trials of the EC725 Caracal to meet the the more serious issue of non-competition. their 44,500-tonne vessel would have prob- route of the defence procurement proce- Indian Coast Guard’s requirement of 14 lems adapting to the dramatically different dure. In all respects, it is likely to be the shore-based combat search and rescue France offers India 2 stop-gap climate from what she was used to. But the single largest helicopter tender by any and multirole helicopters. The Caracal Scorpene submarines INS Vikramaditya has sailed through, as it Navy anywhere in the world. made it through technical evaluations late As the already delayed Project 75I request were, with remarkable robustness. A billion-dollar competition between last year and will be put through the paces for proposal for six new conventional attack The Russian guarantee team on board the NH Industries NH90 and Sikorsky for what will be the Indian Coast Guard’s submarines continues to hang fire, the the ship from Sevmash and Nevskoye S-70B Seahawk for the separate multi-role first major helicopter purchase in decades. Indian Navy is studying a list of emergency Bureau had in fact voiced its concerns dur- helicopter (MRH) requirement remains Airbus Helicopters is currently also in measures to possibly shore up force levels in ing trials last year in Severomorsk about delayed as a result of offsets snags, further discussions with HAL to consider an all new the interim. French shipyard DCNS, partially how certain dynamic systems, hydraulics delaying the Indian Navy’s issuance of the production line for the EC725 in Bengaluru, owned by the French Government, design- and other systems would function in tropi- NMRH RFP. Sources say things could finally to bolster its campaign for the supply of a ers and manufacturers of the Scorpène class cal conditions. During her passage through be moving forward with the RFP, though it large number of specialty helicopters to all submarine, have put forth an offer offering the Arabia Sea, SP’s learns that the crew will not be released this financial year. three services, the paramilitary forces and two Scorpène submarines off the shelf as a conducted a planned series of ‘tropical As reported earlier by SP’s, the Navy perhaps for state executive transport stop-gap supply to mitigate rapidly reducing proof’ maneouvers to establish the vessel’s needs the NMRH choppers for anti-sub- force levels in the Indian Navy, made worse robustness in warmer weather — still win- marine warfare, special missions over Indian Navy’s new-gen ships face by the recent tragedy aboard INS Sindhurak- ter, but far warmer than the severely freez- sea and land and utility/troop/logistical ‘gun’ uncertainty shak, one of the Navy’s 10 Kilo class attack ing temperatures of North-West Russia. operations. Unlike the MRH, which is a A single vendor situation could throw the submarines. DCNS, with authorisation from SP’s has also learnt that a fresh round two-horse race between Sikorsky and NH Indian Navy’s effort to zero in on a primary the French Government to make the offer of ‘tropical proof’ trials will commence in Industries, the NMRH — which at 120 heli- deck gun for its new generation indig- to the Indian Government, has assured the May this year in the course of routine exer- copters is perhaps the largest helicopter enous frontline warships: specifically the Indian Navy that it can build two Scorpenes cises to ensure that ambient heat preva- tender in the world — will be a three-way seven Project 17 Alpha (follow-on Shivalik and deliver them in a time period that coin- lent in Indian waters doesn’t in any way competition fought between the Lock- class) stealth guided missile frigates, three cides with the induction of the first of the hamper a ship that has never ventured out heed Martin/Sikorsky combine offering Project 15 Alpha (Kolkata class) and four original six Scorpènes being built at present of freezing weather before this month. the MH-60 Romeo helicopter, the Airbus Project 15 Beta guided missile destroyers. Mazagon Docks Ltd (MDL) in Mumbai. Helicopter EC725 — also pitched for the The Indian Navy had identified the Oto DCNS officials confirm that the Scor- For complete versions, log on to: Indian Coast Guard’s requirement of 16 Melara Otobreda 127/64 Lightweight (LW) pène build programme is now fully on www.spsnavalforces.com & shore-based multi-role helicopters — and naval gun and the BAE Systems Mk 45 track after major hiccups between 2009 www.spsmai.com
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1/2014 9 profile Saab Naval Portfolio and Teaming with India
Photographs: Saab oday, the Indian Navy’s hori- zon ranges from the strategic chokepoint and shipping chan- nels connecting West Asia, East and South Africa and Europe Tto East and Far East Asia. India’s growing economic stature has added urgency to the desire within for freedom to use the sea – around the Indian Ocean and much beyond. For a nation like India, it is impor- tant to maintain a safe and secure environ- ment for shipping and controlling respons- es to natural calamities, ship accidents, oil spill, terrorism and military threats. Saab’s portfolio covers the air, surface, underwa- ter and coastal security domains that pro- vide naval forces complete command over the sea. Saab is interested in catering to a range of requirements of the Indian Navy and Coast Guard. Saab can support the operational needs with solutions for: Surface warfare (surveil- lance & reconnaissance, decision support, precision engagement, force protection); anti submarine warfare; air warfare; mine warfare; maritime surveillance; and coastal and harbour security. The products and systems for the naval RBS15 ship launch and maritime domain include: Command and control systems; Missile systems; Naval multi-role surveillance systems; Fire control environments like littorals, and above all and other sensor systems; Ship control sys- more than 97 per cent availability in com- tems; Naval ESM and laser warning systems; bat environment. Mine warfare data centre; Vessel traffic man- From peacekeeping operations to agement systems; AUVs, ROVs for underwa- real combat scenarios—today’s missions ter and deep sea operations and rotary wing demand seamless implementation of strat- unmanned aerial vehicle for surveillance egies-and aircraft to match. Saab has exten- and SAR at sea; and Training Systems. sive experience from supporting air forces Saab’s Autonomous Underwater Vehi- with aircraft solutions designed to enhance cle, AUV 62, configured as a self-propelled operational capabilities and reduce the cost underwater advanced trainer (AUV 62AT) of ownership. Saab is currently working is a unique product that assists the training to design the carrier-based version of the of ASW operators. In addition, this unique Gripen new generation multi-role fighter and modular self-propelled underwater aircraft, ie the Sea-Gripen, the marine vari- vehicle has the possibility of being con- ant of the Gripen NG. figured for a number of operational roles Saab is ready with their Saab 340 through a change of the payload module. MSA (Maritime Security Aircraft) for Air- The payload module can be changed by the borne Maritime Surveillance. This aircraft ship staff at sea to re-configure the use of is a very capable multi-role aircraft that this training system for mine reconnais- enhances maritime surveillance capabili- sance, general reconnaissance and surveil- ties and complements the naval and/or lance, seabed mapping, sub-bottom map- land-based surveillance solutions. ping and environmental monitoring. The aircraft can operate from short Saab has in its portfolio a wide range airfields. A number of on-board sen- of tethered remotely operated vehicles that 9LV SAT on frigate bridge sors that include a 360 degrees Maritime are suitable for a wide variety of simple radar, retractable multiple payload FLIR tasks to very heavy duty tasks for deep sea sensor, secure AIS, and direction finder applications. The portfolio comprises of from FCS solutions to complex combat ing of RBS15 Mk 3 and the RBS15F ER air integrated with the mission management vehicles used for observation, inspection, management systems with large numbers launched version, has the unique flexibil- system provides the aircraft with the capa- survey, and actual work. Two unique prod- of interfaces and vast responsive deci- ity of launch from various platforms. The bilities required for monitoring large mari- ucts in the underwater vehicles inventory sion support. The whole family uses open RBS15 Mk3 is the latest development in the time areas day and night, in rain, fog and are the SAROV (semi-autonomous ROV) standards, and Saab can integrate any sub- RBS15 family of surface-to-surface (SSM) inclement weather. To provide continuous that can be used either as a ROV or as an system with a 9LV solution. By enabling missile system. It is a true fire-and-forget communication capabilities, the aircraft is AUV; and SUBROV (submarine ROV) which flexible, effective operations, it increases multi-purpose anti-ship/land attack, ultra- equipped with secure-AIS data links and a can swim out from a standard 21" torpedo mission capability. The system is modular low sea skimming, cruise missile. reliable voice and data SATCOM system, tube and be used to recover our AUV 62 and scalable, allowing unique software con- thereby providing the higher command or that is launched submerged from the stan- nectivity and interoperability. Its design Mobile Coastal Missile Systems other units with a real-time maritime com- dard 21" torpedo tube. Other systems in means that it is quicker and more afford- Saab has also responded to the Navy’s RFI mon situational picture and a fast link for the underwater domain include fixed/por- able to develop, upgrade and support. Saab for the mobile coastal missile systems orders. The aircraft is available for use table diver detector and diver interdiction has more than 40 years of experience in with the 3D Saab multi-role Giraffe AMB as within short time frames. systems, hull inspection systems, virtual naval weapon control systems. The 9LV the primary radar sensor and integrated Saab has also introduced ‘Skeldar’, the fence, software defined sonars, degaussing solutions have been provided to leading C2 and RBS 15. rotary wing UAV with capability to operate and mine warfare systems. navies around the world, with deliveries Saab is proud of its naval radars that from ships. It’s a modular, simple to oper- Saab’s 9LV family offers complete C4I being completed to more than 230 ships. have been used by many navies in the ate and low-cost system that provides excel- for all types of naval platforms, including Saab has offered their RBS 15 anti-ship world. Saab’s 3D Sea Giraffe AMB radar lent aerial surveillance capability in day and submarines. 9LV provides the command missile to the Indian Navy. This can be has been chosen by most customers world- night conditions. It can be easily fitted with team with outstanding operational capa- launched from land, air and sea, making it wide for its capability to detect sea-skim- different payloads as required and provide bilities, supporting all mission types from suitable for a wide spectrum of threat sce- ming missiles out to the radar horizon, an additional 150 km surveillance footprint
SP www.spsnavalforces.com littorals to the open ocean. Options range narios. The RBS15 missile family, consist- automatic track initiation in high-clutter to the ship or even the entire fleet.
10 1/2014 Indigenisation India’s Warship Building Capability
A major criticism of the warship construction programme in India lies in its huge time and cost overruns giving the impression that DPSU shipyards are inefficient as compared to their counterparts abroad. Only a mission mode holistic approach with active participation of the private shipyards and industry on a PPP model would impart the impetus that Indian warship building critically needs.
Photograph: Indian Navy n Rear Admiral (Retd) Dr S. Kulshrestha and then fitted to neighbouring blocks pre- Kamorta being launched cisely. It is expected that MDL’s modular “Ships are the nearest things to dreams at GRSE, Kolkata shipyard costing `824 crore would soon that hands have ever made, for somewhere be operational, and it is estimated that in deep in their oaken hearts the soul of a future, destroyers would be constructed song is laid.” in 72 months and frigates in 60 months. —Robert N. Rose The main goals of modular construction of warships are threefold, first to enable mis- he fundamental steps in sion flexibility and future upgradability for warship building in India com- enhanced service life of the ship; second to mences with the drafting of the achieve synergies in procurement, integra- Preliminary Staff Requirements tion, equipment and system testing, and (PSR). This is the result of delib- parallel ship hull construction; and finally, Terations between the Naval Staff and the to enable reductions in life cycle costs and naval designers, taking into account the costly upgrades by simplifying complexi- needs of the Indian Navy based on future ties in future upgrades. threat perceptions and the availability of Fundamentally, modularisation com- technologies and industrial capabilities. prises of three classes of modules, namely The PSR includes amongst others, role, construction, large-scale functional and armament, sensors, overall dimensions, small-scale functional modules based upon speed and endurance. Thereafter concep- their sizes and utility. The construction tual design work is undertaken; it includes module comprises large pre-outfitted sec- sifting through various technical alter- tions, which are joined together. Detail natives and selecting the most feasible work like wiring, piping, venting, etc is car- one for the preliminary design. This has ried out before joining the sections. This detailed schematics and calculations to part of modularisation results in reduction provide the best design option as per in construction time as well as costs. How- the PSR. It is presented to Naval Staff ever, dismantling later is not envisaged, as highlighting areas of give and take with zz Ship Building Centre (SBC): compared to their counterparts abroad. It it would involve considerable disassembly respect to the PSR. A desired preliminary – Two larger Arihant class nuclear sub- is true that the DPSU shipyards have been of subsystems. Large-scale functional mod- design is arrived at, after detailed delib- marines (not confirmed) favoured by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) ules comprise packaged units like mission erations. The detailed design work follows zz Cochin Shipyard Ltd (CSL): as far as placing of orders, many a time units that carry out major functions and thereafter. This involves detailed drawings, – Indigenous aircraft carrier beyond their capacities is concerned, lead- may be nearly as huge as a ship’s compart- hydrodynamic modelling, modifications if zz ABG Shipyard: ing to the notion that other private ship- ment. For example. the weapon module required based on modelling studies, lay- – Two training ships yards may not be able to deliver the vital may include weapon launchers, armament out plans, detailing of specifications and zz Alcock Ashdown Shipyard: defence requirements. The observations by handling systems and magazines. The commencement of dialogue with the build- – Six Catamaran survey ships the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) large-scale functional modules can be eas- ing shipyard. The shipyard prepares for zz Pipavav Defence and Offshore Engi- regarding award of contracts in respect of ily replaced for modernisation or modifica- construction of the warship by making neering Co. Ltd: P-28 and P-15A ships to the Goa Shipyard tions. The small-scale functional modules production drawings, procuring jigs, fix- – Five OPVs Limited and Mazagon Dock Limited respec- are maintenance, repair friendly units and tures and equipment that may be required To be ordered tively, are indicators of this approach. The are small as compared to other modules. during production. zz Two Mistral class landing platform over-cautious view of the MoD, arises from These are modules, which can be assem- Current Indian warship building activ- docks (LPDs) on private shipyards the fact that the DPSU shipyards are com- bled and disassembled, as these units form ity is not restricted to the four defence zz Two submarine support ships pletely under its control and also that pri- the ship’s support systems. This allows for public sector undertakings (DPSU) ship- zz Two deep submergence rescue vehicle vate shipyards have not yet been able to exchange of systems and easy upgradation yards, apart from the Mazagon Dock Ltd (DSRVs) develop the trust by consistent and reliable at a smaller level. (MDL), Garden Reach Shipbuilders and A major criticism of the warship con- delivery of ships to the Indian Navy. The Modular construction coupled with fixed Engineers Ltd (GRSE), Goa Shipyard Ltd struction programme in India lies in its huge main reason for this lies in the difference price contracts would reduce the construc- (GSL) and Hindustan Shipyard Ltd (HSL), time and cost overruns giving the impres- between other manufacturing industries tion periods and cost overruns. Long con- orders are also on other government and sion that DPSU shipyards are inefficient as that have existing products ‘before’ taking struction times associated with telescopic private shipyards like Cochin Shipyard Ltd, orders and shipyards, which can only con- method of construction have led to flexibil- Alcock Ashdown Shipyard, ABG Shipyard, struct specifically designed warships ‘after’ ity in carrying out changes in designs and and Pipavav Shipyard. Some of the naval Current Indian warship getting the orders. The credibility of Indian major equipment by the Indian Navy, which orders on the Indian shipyards are: shipyards is yet to be established with in turn has resulted in increases in costs zz Mazagon Dock Ltd: building activity is not respect to international competitors. How- and delays. Thus with modular construction – Six Scorpene class and three Project ever, according to them, high tariffs, taxes, and freezing of design in fixed price con- 75 (I) submarines restricted to the four DPSU duties and financing charges shackle them tracts, warship building in India is entering – Four Type-17A stealth frigates even before they can begin to compete. a new era of efficiency. However, the control – Three Type-15A destroyers shipyards, apart from MDL, Defence shipyards have been building of overall design, selection of major equip- – Four Type-15B destroyers GRSE, GSL and HSL, orders are ships by launching the hull in water after ment and weapon sensor packages would zz Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engi- welding it and thereafter the shipyard’s remain with the Indian Navy. Today, capa- neers Ltd, Kolkata: also on other government and artisans install machinery and equipment bility and responsibility to design complex – Three Type-17A stealth frigates in highly cramped spaces. This has also warships (with association of major equip- – Four Type-28 ASW Kamorta class private shipyards like Cochin contributed to inordinate delays in deliv- ment manufacturers and collaborating for- corvettes ery of warships to the Navy as ships have eign shipyards), is available only with the zz Goa Shipyard Ltd: Shipyard Ltd, Alcock Ashdown taken nearly ten years to build. However, Indian Navy. The shipyards have not devel- – Four offshore patrol vessels (OPVs) major defence shipyards like MDL and oped this crucial expertise because of their – Six mine countermeasures vessels Shipyard, ABG Shipyard and GRSE are already in the process of mod- dependency over the ages on the Indian (MCMVs) ernising by moving to ‘modular shipbuild- Navy. This restricts them in their manufac- zz Hindustan Shipyard Ltd: Pipavav Shipyard ing’ wherein 300-tonne blocks are manu- turing and in undertaking value additions. – One Project 75 (I) submarine factured independently along with their – Two Mistral class LPDs equipment, electrical wiring, pipelines, etc Continued on page 13
1/2014 11 Marketing feature Russia is Ready to Participate in Renovating Submarine Forces of Indian Navy
or decades, Russia was and remains one of India’s key part- ners, which have played a crucial role in the formation and strength- ening of its national naval forces. FSince the signing of the first “naval” con- tract in 1965 to supply four Project 641(I) diesel-electric submarines designed by Cen- tral Design Bureau for Marine Engineering RUBIN, five Project 159E escort ships and five Project 368P boats, more than 70 war- ships have been built for India at Russian shipyards. Moreover, India became the first foreign customer for which the ships were built according to special export projects. The current agenda of bilateral coopera- tion in the naval sphere is packed, since India has set itself ambitious goals to strengthen its naval forces which must be capable of effectively protecting the national interests of the country in a huge maritime economic zone and the oceans of the world. Russia is India’s exceptional and reliable partner which traditionally offers only the exclusive models of weapons and military equipment. It absolutely relates to subma- rines which are in the center of the Russian- Indian agenda. In May 2010 Rubin-developed brand- new non-nuclear submarine of project 677 Saint-Petersburg was commissioned by the Russian Navy. During development of project 677 submarine more than 100 R&D works have been performed, results of these are about 130 models of the modern weapon, equipment, complexes and sys- tems installed on-board the lead ship. Submarine Saint-Petersburg participated Promoting Amur 1650 as a basic platform in several manoeuvres of Baltic Fleet, for for the International Bids for Project 75(I), example, jointly with frigate of Talwar class Rosoboronexport is offering to India a mod- built for Indian Navy, corvettes of Project ern, high-technological weapon, similar to 20380, Project 877 and 636 submarines. weapon purchased by Russian Navy. In spite of specific conditions of Baltic Sea The main tendency of the submarine – shallow waters and high intensity of the enhancement is the follow-on improvement navigation, all the assigned tasks have been of stealth. For non-nuclear submarines it is carried out with mark “excellent”. Quite realised, first of all, by increasing range and recently submarine “Saint-Petersburg” has duration of activities in submerged condi- made a crossing to the North under hard tion without contact with the atmosphere. conditions, with demonstration of high This is achieved, in its turn, by application level in sea-keeping capabilities. of storage batteries of higher capacity and Submarines of project 677 are being different kinds of air-independent plants serially manufactured for Russian Navy. (AIP). Russian scientists and engineers are Understanding importance of retention working in both directions. Work on AIP and reinforcement of the partner’s links, development based on diesel fuel reforming first of all with Indian Navy, export version is progressing well. Amur 1650 was designed. As compared to Recently, relations between Russia and the previous generation, the normal water India in the area of military-and-techni- displacement was decreased from 2,350 cal cooperation are turning from simple tons to 1,765 tons which makes the ship “«Buyer-Seller» relations to multi-aspect of new project more compact and less vis- partnership in the development of new ible. Reduced crew - from 52 to 35 men - technologies and modernisation of weapon, decreases cost of the ship operation. Sum- joint R&D works and making of military marizing the benefits of the new project products. This tendency is traced in the over the previous generation of non-nuclear area of marine engineering as well. Known submarines it could be noted that Amur are requirements of Indian Navy to Project 1650 has more powerful missile and tor- of underwater sailing. As Indian Navy had such a submarine, it is possible to resolve 75(I) in the part of design technology trans- pedo weapons and more advanced sonar some additional requirements to tempera- the whole range of tasks – from fight- fer, building and creation of particular basic complex Lira with quasi-conform array. ture mode of 877EKM submarines, Amur ing submarines and surface ships in the equipment for submarines. Realisation of Accordingly, Amur 1650 is capable to detect 1650 carries more powerful refrigeration open ocean up to covert reconnaissance of this project will open the new stage of coop- less noisy targets, and in the same time equipment and AC system. remote littoral areas. Arming this submarine eration in submarine shipbuilding, uniting this submarine has low proper noise level. Many experts consider that Amur 1650 with BrahMos missile system will enable to the joint activities of Russian industry with In comparison to Kilo class, “Amur 1650” is a good decision for renovation of the increase significantly her capabilities in scientific agencies of India and wide circle
SP www.spsnavalforces.com even in basic version has the greater range Indian Navy submarine forces. Operating missile attacks against land-based objects. of industrial enterprises.
12 1/2014 indigenisation / profile
India’s Warship... continued from page 11
The private shipyards resort to buying the channel, multi-mode suite, etc for meeting non-availability of technological prowess, the whole concept of indigenisation and designs from foreign collaborators and needs of warships operating in conjunc- appear to be the main reasons. Thus, India self-reliance, and it is time to go beyond depend upon the Indian Navy for providing tion with other ships, naval aircraft and is left with no alternative but to import and the idea of looking at indigenisation purely design of warships on order. unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). All these also prolong use of existing armament by as import substitution of components, Warship building in India also suffers have to be finally integrated in the computer process of life extension, constrained with subassemblies, etc within the country from from weaknesses like requirement of large aided information organisation/command improper/insufficient spares, inadequate raw materials. Today indigenisation as financial resources, gross deficiencies in management system (CAIO/CMS) for seam- documentation and testing methods. a concept will need to involve capability meeting economy of scale, insufficient lev- less handling of data for information fusion Weapons thus continue to be deployed well enhancement and development, increasing els of local industry support in ancillaries, and decision capability. The sensor suite is beyond their useful life without ascertain- know-why, design and system integration, lack of compatible indigenous propulsion to be supported finally by the weapon pack- ing if or at all, or to what extent they meet rather than having numerical targets”. Fur- and power generation systems, designing age be it guns in dual role, missiles for anti- the designed parameters. ther taking cognisance of the inadequacies and capacity limitations, and long gesta- air and anti-surface/land attack, torpedo Production of BrahMos missile sys- in the Indian shipbuilding in the defence tion periods between design and construc- systems, weapons for integral air capability tem; TAL torpedo by the Bharat Dynam- and commercial sector, the National Manu- tion; leading to design and equipment and decoy dispensers. ics Limited (BDL); electronic warfare (EW) facturing Council, in its report, made the changes and finally inability of research Naval weapons are complex in design systems and Sonars by the Bharat Elec- following recommendations to the Prime and development (R&D) and supply of due to the corrosive sea environment in tronics Limited (BEL); AK630 and miscel- Minister’s Office in 2009, for developing modern weapon systems by the industry. which they have to operate, severe space laneous ammunition by Ordnance Factory Indian shipbuilding industry: A modern warship operates in a multi- and weight restrictions, and problems of Board (OFB); super rapid gun mount by the zz Prepare, on an urgent basis, a compre- threat 3D environment requiring a multi- stabilisation as the ship rolls, pitches and Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL); hensive plan to enhance domestic ship- mission and multi-role capability. The yaws. Further, as with all weapons, they Russian rocket system (RBU) and trans- building capabilities and building large requirement to meet threats arising from cannot be procured just by paying the cur- portable target launchers by Larsen and new shipyards. subsurface, surface, air and space, dictate rency required by the manufacturers. The Toubro (L&T), etc are heartening. However, zz Adopt a mission mode approach for the a network-centric approach centred on data pricing of weapons is based upon the need the indigenous effort would have been purpose. fusion and presentation for selection of of the country, its relations with the pro- much more visible had protracted delays zz A continuing mechanism be evolved effective weapons from different ships to ducing country, its position in the world at not taken place in development of other to synergise the efforts of the naval attack the threat. This puts a great demand large and other considerations like, foreign weapon systems like surface-to-air mis- authorities under the Ministry of upon the type of sensors with differing policy issues, type of technology, avail- siles and heavyweight torpedoes. The GT/ Defence and the Ministry of Shipping technologies required, for example, an anti- ability of similar systems for sale in other diesel propulsion and power generation for meeting long-term requirements of submarine warfare sensor package needs countries, etc. In case of India, it has been packages continue to be procured from the country. multi-frequency active and passive sonar the experience that the weapon system it abroad for major ships. However, for some In conclusion, it suffices to say that covering long ranges to meet threats from desires is not available for purchase, the corvettes, Kirloskar Oils and Engines Lim- only a mission mode holistic approach with submarines as well as mines, whereas the alternate offered is exorbitantly priced ited (KOEL) have commenced supplying active participation of the private shipyards gunnery sensors need 3D multi-function and what is affordable is invariably not engines and with Walchandnagar Indus- and industry on a private-public partner- radar, IFF and radars for littoral warfare to required by India. The ideal solution is local tries working in collaboration with DCNS ship (PPP) model would impart the impe- meet surface, air and anti-anti-ship cruise availability of weapon systems, which will France, more import substitution will fol- tus that Indian warship building critically missile threats. These have to be coupled ensure maintainability, timely upgrades low. Other critical technologies in stealth, needs. In the words of President George with comprehensive electronic warfare/ and modularity for warship design. The smart materials, ab initio weapon system Washington, “Without a decisive naval force electronic counter-countermeasures (EW/ indigenous effort has still not matured design, etc continue to elude the warship we can do nothing definitive, and with it, ECCM) systems, navigation radars with to provide viable weapon system or even building effort in India. everything honourable and glorious.” SP global positioning system (GPS), automatic subsystem solution within the required Taking a holistic view of indigenisation, identification systems, echo sounder, speed time frames and the budgeted costs. Eco- the Kelkar Committee had rightly brought —The author is former DG NAI and Senior log, communication system with multi- nomic viability, arms export policy and out that “there is an urgent need to review Fellow New Westminster College, Canada Infinite Possibilities of the US-2
Photograph: ShinMaywa s per media reports India and ian aircraft: Japan, Canada, and Russia. Japan may sign an Inter-Govern- However, only the US-2 can meet all of the Amental Agreement (IGA) to coop- diverse performance requirements in the erate on ShinMaywa’s offering of utility market, namely, the capability to land on seaplane- mark II (US-2), similar to the IGA the ocean, carry a large number of people, it has entered with Russia to co-develop a and cover long distances. fifth generation fighter. An IGA recognises As a manufacturer of the US-2, we need the strategic importance of a procure- to further reduce manufacturing costs. ment programme, and takes it out of the purview of the restrictive Defence Procure- What benefits can be gained if the scope ment Procedure. of the US-2’s applications is expanded? The Prime Ministers of the two coun- Because this aircraft was developed using tries had met recently in New Delhi after national assets, we believe that it is neces- which Dr. Manmohan Singh mentioned sary to expand its applications in Japan that a joint working group was looking into first. One of our suggestions is to equip the ways of cooperating on the use of US-2 and US-2 with a firefighting function. This is not its production in India. The amphibious only useful for extinguishing frequently plane could be outfitted for firefighting or occurring forest fires, but also enables fire- as a kind of amphibious hospital and cost fighting in areas that cannot be reached by an estimated $110 million per unit. fire engines or helicopters in the wake of a ShinMaywa leads in the amphibious seg- large-scale disaster. The US-2 can make a ment, though there are two other amphibi- big difference. ans in the world – the CL-415 of Canada and Another thing that you can do with the the Be-200 of Russia. Although they vary in US-2 is send an “ambulance amphibian” to size and features, a comparison of their collect acute patients on remote islands performance reveal the US-2’s superiority. where one cannot use a helicopter to send a The US-2 can take off and land on Department, Aircraft Division, Yasuo Kawa- rescued, as well as the crew. doctor. The possibilities will be even greater rough seas, as well as on the ground. nishi answers some of the questions to do Another reason why the US-2 is enjoying for applications that take advantage of its Originally developed for the Ministry of with its capabilities. high popularity is its significantly longer capability to take off and land on either Defense of Japan, some of its equipment cruising distance. The considerable exten- land or water. Preserving the safety and has the potential for diverse applications Could you tell us about the US-2’s repu- sion of its maximum unrefuelled range has welfare of those living on remote islands other than rescue work and transport of tation within the Maritime Self-Defense allowed a greater number of applications. will lead to the protection of this country. emergency patients, if converted for usage Force? After all of these plans have been made a by the private sector or other ministries Its pilots say that the US-2 is far easier to The US-2 has generated increasingly reality, we hope to begin exporting the US-2 and agencies. fly than the US-1A. In addition to improved greater interest outside of Japan, what do in the near future as a model case of our On the company website, the General operational performance, the pressurized you attribute it to? contributions to society through engineer- Manager, Business Development & Contract cabin creates a comfortable space for the Only three countries can make amphib- ing prowess. SP
1/2014 13 News
Publisher and Editor-in-Chief Jayant Baranwal News in Brief Assistant Group Editor R. Chandrakanth Senior Editorial Adviser R. Adm (Retd) S.K. Ramsay Senior Technical Group Editor Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand India and Japan hold defence talks the most advanced and sophisticated navi- Work is expected to be completed by Sep- Air Marshal (Retd) B.K. Pandey gational and communication sensors and tember 30, 2014. Contributing Editor equipment. The ship has a maximum speed Lt General (Retd) V.K. Kapoor of 31.5 knots (about 58 kmph), economical BAE Systems awarded $171 million Contributors speed of 14 knots (26 kmph), endurance contract India of 1,500 nautical miles (about 2,778 km), The US Navy has awarded BAE Systems Admiral (Retd) Arun Prakash indigenously-built 30mm gun mount with a three-year $171 million contract to R. Adm (Retd) Raja Menon fire control system. continue providing engineering and Cmde C.P. Srivastava Cmde (Retd) Sujeet Samaddar integration support to its Trident II D-5 Cmde (Retd) A.J. Singh Commissioning of Fast Patrol Vessel submarine-launched ballistic missiles Europe ICGS ‘Abhinav’ programme. The company has supported Alan Peaford, Doug Richardson, The Indian Coast Guard Ship ‘Abhinav’, the the Navy’s Trident D-5 programme for Andrew Brookes (UK) Defence Minister of Japan Itsunori Onodera third in the series of 20 fast patrol vessels more than 50 years, including during the USA & Canada visited India from January 5-8, 2014, as a (FPVs), designed and built by the Cochin evolution of the programme through the Lon Nordeen (USA) follow-up to the India-Japan Defence Minis- Shipyard Limited, was commissioned on Polaris, Poseidon, and Trident life cycles. Anil R. Pustam (West Indies) terial Meeting held in November 2011. The January 15, 2014, at Kochi by the Direc- The current design and development of West Asia/Africa two Ministers held a Defence Ministerial tor General of Coast Guard, Vice Admiral the US/UK Common Missile Compart- H.R. Heitman (S. Africa) meeting on January 6, 2014, during which Anurag G. Thapliyal. ment is part of the Ohio class submarine Chairman & Managing Director Jayant Baranwal Minister Onodera briefed his Indian coun- The 50-metre indigenous FPV displaces replacement programme. terpart A.K. Antony on Japan’s National 290 tonnes and can achieve a maximum Executive Vice President (Planning & Business Development) Security Strategy and the National Defence speed of 33 knots with an endurance of Additional procurement of three Rohit Goel Programme Guidelines, which were 1,500 nautical miles at economical speed Aegis ships Administration & Circulation adopted in December 2013. The ministers of 13 knots. With state-of-the-art weap- The South Korean Joint Chiefs of Staff Bharti Sharma also appreciated the progress on India- onry and advanced communication and have decided to procure three additional [email protected] Japan bilateral defence cooperation includ- navigational equipment, it makes an ideal new Aegis destroyers by the mid-2020s. Creative Director ing the second bilateral training between platform for undertaking multifarious South Korea already has three Aegis Anoop Kamath the Japan and the Indian Navy, which was close-coast missions such as surveillance, ships—Sejongdaewang Ham acquired in Design held from December 19-22, 2013. They also interdiction, search and rescue and medi- 2008, Yulgok Yi Yi Ham acquired in 2010 Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht decided to strengthen India-Japan defence cal evacuation. and Seoae Ryu Seong Ryong Ham acquired Research Assistant: Graphics consultation and cooperation, including in 2012. The government has now sanc- Survi Massey those related to maritime security. US Navy launches UAV from tioned the funds required. Compared to Sales & Marketing submerged submarine the existing Aegis destroyer (KDX-III), the Director Sales & Marketing: Neetu Dhulia General Manager: Rajeev Chugh Commissioning of Inshore Patrol The US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) new ones will have loaded combat systems SP’s Website with funding from SwampWorks at the used for ballistic missile detection and Vessel ICGS Rajdhwaj Sr. Web Developer: Shailendra P. Ashish The eighth inshore patrol vessel ICGS Rajd- Office of Naval Research and the Depart- tracking, and configured with the required Web Developer: Ugrashen Vishwakarma hwaj, designed and built by the Garden ment of Defense Rapid Reaction Technol- operational capability to offer improved Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal on Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers, Kolkata, ogy Office has demonstrated the launch of detection capability of submarines and behalf of SP Guide Publications Pvt Ltd. was commissioned at Chennai on Decem- an all-electric, fuel cell-powered UAV from submergence vehicles with the integrated All rights reserved. No part of this publication may ber 11, 2013, by G.K. Vasan, Union Min- a submerged submarine. The project took sonar system. This acquisition will give the be reproduced, stored in a retrieval ister of Shipping, in the presence of Vice about six years to fructify. Operating under South Korean Navy operational capability system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, photocopying, recording, electronic, Admiral A.G. Thapliyal, Director General support of the Los Angeles class subma- to counter asymmetric threats from North or otherwise without the prior written Indian Coast Guard and other senior dig- rine USS Providence and the Naval Under- Korea’s missiles. permission of the publishers. nitaries. The 50-metre IPV is equipped with sea Warfare Center-Newport Division, the Printed in India UAV was fired from the submarine’s tor- Electric Boat Corporation awarded by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd pedo tube using a ‘Sea Robin’ launch vehi- contract © SP Guide Publications, 2014 >> SHOW CALENDAR cle system. The Sea Robin launch system Electric Boat Corp., has been awarded Subscription/ Circulation was designed to fit within an empty Toma- a $12,18,47,000 undefinitised contract Annual Inland: `600 • Overseas: US$180 6-9 February hawk launch canister used for launching action under existing contract for addi- E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] DEFEXPO 2014 Tomahawk cruise missiles already familiar tional long lead time material associated Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India to submarine sailors. The XFC is a fully- with the second fiscal 2014 Virginia class Letters to the Editor [email protected] www.defexpoindia.in autonomous, all-electric fuel cell powered submarine (SSN 793) and the two fiscal folding wing, with an endurance of greater 2015 Virginia-class submarines (SSN 794 For Advertising Details, Contact: 25-27 February [email protected] than six hours. and SSN 795). This contract modification African Nations Coastal Surveillance and Mari- [email protected] provides additional long lead time material time Security Summit (AFSEC 14) SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD Pentagon’s naval contracts for steam and electric plant components, Hyatt Regency, Casablanca, Morocco POSTAL ADDRESS www.afsecevent.com Lockheed Martin, Mission Systems & Train- the main propulsion unit efforts and ship Corporate Office ing has been awarded a $5,87,85,716 service turbine generator efforts, steel and A 133 Arjun Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, 11-13 March cost-plus-incentive fee, cost-plus-fixed fee miscellaneous hull, mechanical and electri- New Delhi 110 003, India Caribbean Basin Coastal Surveillance and Mari- contract for the US and UK D-5 navigation cal system components. Work is expected Tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, 24620130 Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 time Security 2014 subsystem engineering support services. to be completed by September 2014. Hilton Barbados Resort, Bridgetown, This contract provides for the US and UK Regd Office Barbados Fax: +91 (11) 23622942 fleet support, the US and UK trainer sys- Navantia to build amphibious E-mail: [email protected] www.cabsecevent.com tems support, Ohio class SSBN engineered landing ship for Turkey Representative Offices 17-20 March refueling overhauls, the US and UK SSI4 Navantia has announced that they have BENGALURU, INDIA Coastal and Maritime Surveilance trainer system, SSBN-R strategic weapon been selected, together with its Turk- Air Marshal (Retd) B.K. Pandey 204, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kalyan Nagar, Accra, Ghana training system and training system devel- ish partner SEDEF, to design and build an opment, UK successor support, software amphibious warfare ship and four landing Bengaluru 560043, India. www.coastalsurveillanceafrica.com Tel: +91 (80) 23682204 modernisation and linked autonomous craft for the Turkish Navy. 19–21, March programmed navigational operational Navantia will provide design, technol- MOSCOW, RUSSIA Asia Pacific Maritime 2014 LAGUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin trainer modernisation. The maximum dol- ogy transfer, equipment and technical Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., Sands Expo & Convention Centre, lar value including the base period and one assistance for local construction of the ship 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. Marina Bay Sands, Singapore option-year if exercised is $11,42,36,770. by SEDEF. In addition, Navantia will also Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, www.apmaritime.com The work is expected to be completed by provide various types of equipment and Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 25-27 March April 2017. subsystems, such as engines, turbines and www.spguidepublications.com www.spsnavalforces.com Fast Patrol and Interception Craft BAE Systems Technology Solutions the integrated platform control system. RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25836 Venue to be confirmed, London, UK Inc. has been awarded a $5,65,17,376 According to Navantia, its LPD design www.fastinterceptioncraft.com cost-plus-fixed fee, cost-plus-incentive fee was selected because it has already been contract for the US and UK D5 strategic built and tested by the Spanish navy, as 25-27 March weapons systems programmes, US guided the “Juan Carlos I”. Two other similar ves- Doha International Maritime Defence Exhibition missile submarine attack weapons sys- sels have also been built by Navantia and (DIMDEX 2014) tems programmes, nuclear weapons secu- delivered to the Royal Australian Navy, the Qatar National Convention Centre rity and future concepts. The maximum “Canberra” and “Adelaide”. In addition, Doha, Qatar dollar value, including the base period Navantia hopes to introduce its F-100 frig- www.dimdex.com/en/home.aspx SP www.spsnavalforces.com and two option years, is $17,13,58,761. ate designs to the Turkish Navy.
14 1/2014
SP's Defexpo Sole Media Partner for LF.indd 1 02/02/14 4:11 PM SP's Defexpo Sole Media Partner for LF.indd 1 02/02/14 4:11 PM Founded by Shri S P Baranwal in 1964, Guide Publications began its humble journey. Today SP Guide Publications (SP’s) is the Asia’s Largest Publishing House for Aerospace & Defence Sectors. We at SP’s look forward to coming years and decades with even stronger conviction.
SP's Turns to 50 years LF.indd 1 02/02/14 4:33 PM