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Behavior of Euphorbia Heterophylla Seed Bank. Vernon B Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1983 Behavior of Euphorbia Heterophylla Seed Bank. Vernon B. Langston Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Langston, Vernon B., "Behavior of Euphorbia Heterophylla Seed Bank." (1983). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3929. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3929 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University Micrcxilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8409585 Langston, Vernon B. BEHAVIOR OF EUPHORBIA HETEROPHYLLA SEED BANK The Louisiana Staie University and Agricultural and Mechanical Ph.D. Col. 1983 University Microfilms Internationa!300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1984 by Langston, Vernon B. All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check markV . 1. Glossy photographs or pages_______ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print______ 3. Photographs with dark background______ 4. Illustrations are poor copy_______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original _______copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine_______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print______ 11. P a g e(s)_____________lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. P a g e(s)_____________seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered_____________. Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled p a g_______ e s 15. Other_____________________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms international BEHAVIOR OF EUPHORBIA HETEROPHYLLA SEED BANK A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology by Vernon B. Langston B.S., Mississippi State University, 1977 M.S., Mississippi State University, 1979 December, 1983 © 1984 VERNON B. LANGSTON All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express his gratitude to the members of his graduate committee, Dr. J. B. Baker, Dr. R. L. Chapman, Dr. L. M. Kitchen, Dr. J. E. Sedberry, Jr., Dr. L. C. Standifer, Jr., and Dr. K. W. Tipton for their advise and constructive criticism of the manuscript. The author is grateful to Dr. T. R. Harger, committee chairman, for his guidance, assistance, and patience during the course of this research. The educational opportunities and research funds provided by the Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology and the Louisiana Soybean Promotion Board were greatly appreciated. The author gratefully acknowledges the technical assistance of Ms. Lydia Lyons, Ms. Nikki Seger, and Mr. Doug Goyer. Special thanks are extended to fellow graduate students and research associates, Scotty Crowder, Paulette Johnsey, Paul Nester, Robert Prince, Jim Shrefler, Lee Godley, Barbara Hook, Joe David Smith, Jeff Yoder, Phillip Barbour, and Scott Aison for their assistance and encouragement. Finally, the author wishes to dedicate this dissertation to his parents, the late Mr. Robert B. Langston, Jr. and his wife, Mrs. Annie Jane Langston, and to his future wife Lydia L. Lyons, without whose continued support this endeavor would not have been possible. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................ ii LIST OF TABLES.................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES................................................. vi ABSTRACT......................................................... vii INTRODUCTION.................................................... 1 LITERATURE REVIEW............................................... 3 MANUSCRIPT.......................................... 26 LITERATURE CITED................................................ 68 Appendix 1 ...................................................... 78 Appendix II..................................................... 83 VITA............................................................. 88 iii LIST OF TABLES Table Page Manuscript 1. Wild poinsettia seedling emergence during 1982 from seed buried in October 1981 as affected by burial depth.. 52 2. Wild poinsettia seedling emergence during 1983 from seed buried in October 1982 as affected by burial depth.. 53 3. Average maximum and minimum monthly air temperature for February through July in 1982 and 1983................... 54 4. Viability of wild poinsettia seed recovered after one or two years of burial at four depths..................... 55 5. Emergence of an agricultural seed bank of wild poinsettia as affected by cultivation over a two year period...................................................... 56 6. Number of viable wild poinsettia seeds in the 0 to 60 mm depth of soil as affected by different cultivation regimes and sampling dates................................ 57 7. Number of viable wild poinsettia seeds in the 60 to 120 mm depth of soil as affected by different cultivation regimes and sampling dates................................ 58 Appendix Table Appendix I 1-1. Dry weight of wild poinsettia plants remaining in the soybean drill (150 mm on each side of the drill) after various weed-free maintenance periods in 1982 taken at harvest..................................................... 79 1-2. Dry weight of wild poinsettia plants remaining in the soybean drill (150 mm on each side of the drill) after various weed-free maintenance periods in 1983 taken at harvest.......... .......................................... 80 1-3. Dry weight of wild poinsettia plants remaining in the middles after various weed-free maintenance periods in 1982 taken at harvest..................................... 81 iv Table Page I-4. Dry weight of wild poinsettia plants remaining in the middles after various weed-free maintenance periods in 1983 taken at harvest..................................... 82 Appendix II II-l. Comparisons tested and their levels of probability as determined by the Mann-Whitney U-Test for wild poinsettia density in the row......................... 84 II-2. Comparisons tested and their levels of probability as determined by the Mann-Whitney U-Test for wild poinsettia density in the middle...................... 85 II-3. Comparisons tested and their levels of probability as determined by the Mann-Whitney U-Test for standing biomass in the row....................... 86 II-4. Comparisons tested and their levels of probability as determined by the Mann-Whitney U-Test for standing biomass in the middle..................................... 87 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Daily precipitation and dates of major emergence flushes of wild poinsettia from the buried seed study for 1982 and 1983 growing seasons...................................... 61 2. Wild poinsettia density in the row as affected by planting dates (E = early, L =
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