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Ayn Rand? Ayn Rand Ayn
Who Is Ayn Rand? Ayn Rand Few 20th century intellectuals have been as influential—and controversial— as the novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand. Her thinking still has a profound impact, particularly on those who come to it through her novels, Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead—with their core messages of individualism, self-worth, and the right to live without the impositions of others. Although ignored or scorned by some academics, traditionalists, pro- gressives, and public intellectuals, her thought remains a major influence on Ayn Rand many of the world’s leading legislators, policy advisers, economists, entre- preneurs, and investors. INTRODUCTION AN Why does Rand’s work remain so influential? Ayn Rand: An Introduction illuminates Rand’s importance, detailing her understanding of reality and human nature, and explores the ongoing fascination with and debates about her conclusions on knowledge, morality, politics, economics, government, AN INTRODUCTION public issues, aesthetics and literature. The book also places these in the context of her life and times, showing how revolutionary they were, and how they have influenced and continue to impact public policy debates. EAMONN BUTLER is director of the Adam Smith Institute, a leading think tank in the UK. He holds degrees in economics and psychology, a PhD in philosophy, and an honorary DLitt. A former winner of the Freedom Medal of Freedom’s Foundation at Valley Forge and the UK National Free Enterprise Award, Eamonn is currently secretary of the Mont Pelerin Society. Butler is the author of many books, including introductions on the pioneering economists Eamonn Butler Adam Smith, Milton Friedman, F. -
Freedom, Democracy and Economic Welfare
copyright The Fraser Institute copyright The Fraser Institute LORD BAUER RAMON DIAZ MILTON FRIEDMAN RAYMOND D GASTIL TIBOR R MACHAN DOUGLASS NORTH SVETOZAR PEJOVICH ALVIN RABUSHKA INGEMAR STAHL LINDSAY M WRIGHT PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL EDITED BY MICHAEL A WALKER SYMPOSIUM copyright The Fraser Institute Proceedings of an International Symposium on Economic, Political, and Civil Freedom, held October 5-8, 1986 in Napa Valley, California. This event is part of the programme of Liberty Fund Inc., under the direction of its President, Dr W. W. Hill. This Symposium was managed by The Fraser Institute and organized by its Director, Dr. Michael A. Walker. Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title: Freedom, democracy and economic welfare Symposium held Oct 5-8, 1986 in Napa Valley, Calif. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-88975-116-1 1.Capitalism – Congresses. 2. Liberty – Congresses. 3. Economics – Political aspects – Congresses. 4. Economics – Philosophy – Congresses. I. Walker, Michael 1945 – II.Fraser Institute (Vancouver, BC.) HB501.F74 1988 330.12’2 C88-091102-6 Copyright 1988 by the Fraser Institute. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical arti- cles and reviews. Printed in Canada copyright The Fraser Institute CONTENTS Participants / vii Preface, Michael A. Walker / ix PART ONE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND CIVIL FREEDOMS: A CONCEPTUAL, HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL OVERVIEW 1 INSTITUTIONS, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND FREEDOM: AN HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION, Douglass C. North / 3 Discussion / 26 2 CAPITALISM AND FREEDOM, Milton Friedman / 47 Discussion / 59 3 THE STATE OF THE WORLD POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FREEDOM, Raymond D. -
How Far Is Vienna from Chicago? an Essay on the Methodology of Two Schools of Dogmatic Liberalism
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Paqué, Karl-Heinz Working Paper — Digitized Version How far is Vienna from Chicago? An essay on the methodology of two schools of dogmatic liberalism Kiel Working Paper, No. 209 Provided in Cooperation with: Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW) Suggested Citation: Paqué, Karl-Heinz (1984) : How far is Vienna from Chicago? An essay on the methodology of two schools of dogmatic liberalism, Kiel Working Paper, No. 209, Kiel Institute of World Economics (IfW), Kiel This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/46781 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Kieler Arbeitspapiere Kiel Working Papers Working Paper No. -
Rand, Hayek, and the Ethics of the Micro- and Macro-Cosmos Steven Horwitz
Centenary Symposium, Part II Ayn Rand Among the Austrians Two Worlds at Once: Rand, Hayek, and the Ethics of the Micro- and Macro-cosmos Steven Horwitz Moreover, the structures of the extended order are made up not only of individuals but also of many, often overlapping, sub-orders within which old instinctual responses, such as solidarity and altruism, continue to retain some importance by assisting voluntary collaboration, even though they are incapable, by themselves, of creating a basis for the more extended order. Part of our present difficulty is that we must constantly adjust our lives, our thoughts and our emotions, in order to live simultaneously within different kinds of orders according to different rules. So we must learn to live in two sorts of worlds at once. — F. A. Hayek (1989, 18; emphasis added) Introduction A title that contains Rand, Hayek, and the ethics of anything might well raise a few eyebrows among the cognoscenti. After all, Ayn Rand was a champion of an objective ethics and railed against anyone who suggested that a meaningful ethics could be anything but objective in her sense. F. A. Hayek (1989, 10), by contrast, argued explicitly that “Ethics is the last fortress in which human pride must now bow in recognition of its origins. Such an evolutionary theory of morality is . neither instinctual nor a creation of reason.” Thus we are faced with two thinkers who have strongly opposed explanations for the source of ethical rules. However, despite those differences, both Rand and Hayek do wind up with some similar conclusions. For one, both argued that there was a strong link between ethics, political philosophy, and the role of the state. -
Uncertainty, Evolution, and Behavioral Economic Theory
UNCERTAINTY, EVOLUTION, AND BEHAVIORAL ECONOMIC THEORY Geoffrey A. Manne, International Center for Law & Economics Todd J. Zywicki, George Mason University School of Law Journal of Law, Economics & Policy, Forthcoming 2014 George Mason University Law and Economics Research Paper Series 14-04 Uncertainty, Evolution, and Behavioral Economic Theory Geoffrey A. Manne Executive Director, International Center for Law & Economics Todd J. Zywicki George Mason University Foundation Professor of Law George Mason University School of Law Abstract: Armen Alchian was one of the great economists of the twentieth century, and his 1950 paper, Uncertainty, Evolution, and Economic Theory, one of the most important contributions to the economic literature. Anticipating modern behavioral economics, Alchian explains that firms most decidedly do not – cannot – actually operate as rational profit maximizers. Nevertheless, economists can make useful predictions even in a world of uncertainty and incomplete information because market environments “adopt” those firms that best fit their environments, permitting them to be modeled as if they behave rationally. This insight has important and under-appreciated implications for the debate today over the usefulness of behavioral economics. Alchian’s explanation of the role of market forces in shaping outcomes poses a serious challenge to behavioralists’ claims. While Alchian’s (and our) conclusions are born out of the same realization that uncertainty pervades economic decision making that preoccupies the behavioralists, his work suggests a very different conclusion: The evolutionary pressures identified by Alchian may have led to seemingly inefficient firms and other institutions that, in actuality, constrain the effects of bias by market participants. In other words, the very “defects” of profitable firms — from conservatism to excessive bureaucracy to agency costs — may actually support their relative efficiency and effectiveness, even if they appear problematic, costly or inefficient. -
Who Studies Philosophy?
Who Studies Philosophy? Created with support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundat ion Amer ican Philosophical lDAssociation Academia Sheila Bair, president of Washington College and former FDIC chair Noam Chomsky , professor , activist , author, and public intellectual Alice Domurat Dreger, professor , activist , and author Rev. John I. Jenkins, President, University of Notre Dame Aung San Suu Kyi Activism Stokely Carmichael Stokely Carmichael / Kwame lure, civil rights leader Angela Davis, social act ivist Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., civil rights leader Aung San Suu Kyi, 2002 Nobel Peace Prize winner Business Herbert Allison Jr., former Fannie Mae CEO Martin Luther King Jr. Stewart Butterfield, co-founder of Flickr Angela Davis Patrick Byrne, founder of Overstock.com Robert Greenhill, investment banker Reid Hoffman, co-founder of Linked In Damon Horowitz, entrepreneur and in-house philosopher at Google Carl Icahn, investor and former CEO of TWA Airlines Gerald Levin, former CEO of Time Warner, Inc. John Mackey, co-founder and co-CEO of Whole Foods Market Stewart Butterfield Sheila Bair Lachlan Murdoch, media magnate and son of Rupert Murdoch Max Palevsky, co-founder of Intel and venture capitalist Larry Sanger, co-founder of Wikipedia George Soros, investor and ph ilanthropist Peter Thiel, founder of PayPal News and Journalism Barbara Amiel, Lady Black of Cross harbour, journalist and writer Juan Williams Larry Sanger John Chancellor, journal ist Chris Hayes, journalist, political commentator, and MSNBC host Tamara Keith, journalist and NPR White House correspondent Kathryn Jean Lopez, journalist and political commentator Stone Phillips, broadcaster George F. Will, journalist , author , and political commentator Juan Williams, journalist Kathryn Jean Lopez Photos pub lic do main o r Creati ve Com mons. -
From the Instructor
From the Instructor Nicholas wrote this paper for my WR 150 course that surveys debates surrounding the free market. The second major paper in the course challenges students to contend with two uncompromising visions of the market’s virtues and evils: Karl Marx’s narrative of exploitation and estranged labor in The Communist Manifesto vs. John Galt’s forceful speech at the end of Atlas Shrugged, through which Ayn Rand asserts that competition alone can engender individual autonomy and national pros- perity. As a writer, the young Marx exemplifies many of the lessons that I teach my students. He provides an insightful and consistent framework for analysis—class relations—but does so through an elegant story with clear protagonists, antagonists, and a compelling narrative of historical struggle. Rand consciously inverts aspects of Marx’s narrative, contrasting “men of ability,” personified by Galt himself, with the weaker strata of society who seek shelter from the vicissitudes of struggle. Nicholas demonstrates in this paper his capacity to grasp the core points of contention between Rand and Marx, but also to elucidate the relevance of their grand visions for contemporary political debates in clear, insightful, and often clever prose. Nicholas frequently settled on a theme and argument from the first draft of his papers, and spent subsequent drafts developing those ideas further. He made good use of scholarly sources to substantiate his argument in this paper, especially when demon- strating that Rand, far from being a marginal twentieth-century thinker, has attained a mythical status for the contemporary American Right that is nearly on a par with the cult of Marxism in the scholarly and political movements of the past century. -
Moral Philosophy 101 Warren J
What do we “owe” each other? Moral Philosophy 101 Warren J. The Caries Epidemic in Native American Communities The First Law Of Healthcare Improvement “Every system is perfectly designed to achieve exactly the results it gets” So If your results are consistent, but unsatisfactory, you need to redesign the system (…but first you have to realize you are in a “system”). Donald Berwick, Do we lack social cohesion? Collective efficacy is the glue that binds neighborhoods, cities, states, and countries together Keriana Carll cries in pain nearly every day. Her mouth hurts. She doesn't eat much. No dentist in Sarasota or Manatee County was willing to treat her. The only dentist her publicly funded Medicaid insurance company found who was willing to help the child is 50 miles north, in central Tampa. I have had a change of heart. I now believe that Democrats are entirely responsible for the mess that Medicare is in today. If the people crying for more free stuff would just shut up and get a job, and stop smoking cigarettes, using crack, wasting their money on chips and beer, they would have enough money to provide health care for their children Keriana Carll cries in pain nearly every day. Her mouth hurts. She doesn't eat much. No dentist in Sarasota or Manatee County was willing to treat her. The only dentist her publicly funded Medicaid insurance company found who was willing to help the child is 50 miles north, in central Tampa. If you have children there are expense and responsibilities, but in today's world those responsibilities are being transferred to the guy next door via government. -
David Hume Foundations of the Classical School of Economics
Economic Insights FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF DALLAS VOLUME 8, NUMBER 1 David Hume Foundations of the Classical School of Economics Adam Smith is the founder of the nomic essays] are all clearly written classical school of economics, but eco- and often contain an excellent sum- nomic theorizing predates Smith. The mary and synthesis of the ideas of his philosophic foundations of classical eco- predecessors. In that respect, how- nomics are found in the work of the ever, Cantillon’s Essai sur la nature Scottish Enlightenment thinkers of the du commerce en général, published early to mid-18th century, centered in 1755, but written over twenty years David Hume is primarily known as around the University of Edinburgh. previously, is superior. a philosopher and chronicler of English Notable among these great thinkers and writers is David Hume. It is impossible to know whether history. Less well known is his work on eco- Hume was born in Edinburgh, Smith was more influenced by Can- nomic theory and several political econ- Scotland, on May 7, 1711. The extent to tillon’s book or by personal discussions which Hume influenced Smith, his close with Hume. Schumpeter (1954, 124) omy issues, some of which remain salient friend, has to be inferred from their argues that Hume did influence Smith, today. Studying his economic work respective writings, but the warmth and and Rothbard (1995, 430) suggests that depth of their relationship is incon- Hume was one of Smith’s mentors. enables us to see how he reshaped John testable. Smith said of Hume: O’Brien (1975) gives Hume a large role Locke’s quantity theory of money and how in the development of classical econom- Upon the whole, I have always con- ic thought because of his participation he influenced the great Adam Smith, sidered him, both in his lifetime and in spreading natural law philosophy. -
Ayn Rand Vs. Ethics of Care: Capitalist Economics and Women on Welfare
AYN RAND VS. ETHICS OF CARE: CAPITALIST ECONOMICS AND WOMEN ON WELFARE Kelsey L. Thompson WGS379H Women’s and Gender Studies Plan II Honors Program The University of Texas at Austin April 7, 2013 ________________________________________ Dana L. Cloud, Ph.D. Department of Communication Studies Supervising Professor __________________________________________ Christine L. Williams, Ph.D. Department of Sociology Second Reader 1 ABSTRACT Author: Kelsey Thompson Title: Ayn Rand vs. Ethics of Care: Capitalist Economics and Women on Welfare Supervising Professor: Dana L. Cloud, Ph.D. The objective of this thesis is to examine how the political ideology of capitalism that heavily permeates today’s culture and is so prominent within the popular novel Atlas Shrugged constructs our values in such a way as to marginalize women. I examine the ways in which freedom, independence, morality, and equality are thought about within liberalism and relate them to Ayn Rand’s novel Atlas Shrugged to demonstrate how people who do not fit these values are considered less than citizens. I juxtapose this with a focus on how freedom, independence, morality and equality are constructed within a feminist ethics of care so as to more wholly include women within the realm of citizenship. I use this discussion to provide an alternative to the constructions of values that happen within capitalist political ideology and demonstrate ways in which these values can be envisioned without being marginalizing. I relate this to a discussion of women on welfare and how their testimonies provide a call to recognize the untruths and inequities of liberalism. These testimonies argue for a different societal construction of women on welfare that subverts the mainstream perception and aligns with a feminist ethics of care. -
Egalitarian Liberalism and Economic Freedom
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2019 Egalitarian Liberalism And Economic Freedom Pierce Randall University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Randall, Pierce, "Egalitarian Liberalism And Economic Freedom" (2019). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 3680. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3680 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3680 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Egalitarian Liberalism And Economic Freedom Abstract This dissertation considers three major challenges to egalitarian liberal institutions made by classical liber- als: that egalitarian liberal institutions involve too much coercive interference with individual economic decisions, that free markets tend to do better at rewarding people on the basis of their economic choices, and that only by recognizing full liberal rights of ownership can a society best promote a stable property regime consistent with our pre-political conventions of ownership. Each of these objections fails, but they point to an underlying concern that egalitarian liberal institutions fail to adequately protect economic freedom. The dissertation then develops and defends a conception of economic freedom that is reflected in egalitar- ian liberal institutions. Economic freedom depends on the quality and availability of options individuals have in markets, -
Neoliberalism Under Debate Cavalieri, Duccio
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Neoliberalism Under Debate cavalieri, duccio University of Florence 2010 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43844/ MPRA Paper No. 43844, posted 17 Jan 2013 14:37 UTC isbn 97 issnelectronic 17 issn X · OF ECONOMICS IDEAS HISTORY 1122-8792 8-88-6227-340-4 HISTORY OF 24-2169 ECONOMIC IDEAS VIII/2010/3 HEI offprint XVIII/2010/3 Fabrizio Serra editore Pisa · Roma HISTORY OF ECONOMIC IDEAS History of Economic Ideas Online www.historyofeconomicideas.com Editors: Riccardo Faucci (University of Pisa) Roberto Marchionatti (University of Turin) Editorial Board: Richard Arena(University of Nice), Duccio Cavalieri(University of Flo- rence), Marco Dardi (University of Florence), Peter D. Groenewegen (University of Sydney), Hansjörg Klausinger(University of Vienna), Enzo Pesciarelli (University of Ancona), Christian Seidl (University of Kiel) Advisory Board: M. M. Augello (University of Pisa),G. Becattini (University of Florence), A. A. Brewer (University of Bristol), B. J. Caldwell (Duke University), A. L. Cot (University of Paris i), N. De Vecchi (University of Pavia), R. W. Dimand (Brock University), S. Fiori (University of Turin), G. C. Har- court (University of Cambridge, uk), A. Karayiannis (University of Piraeus), B. Ingrao (University of Rome «La Sapienza»), J. E. King(LaTrobe University), S. Perri (University of Macerata), C. Perrotta (University of Lecce), P. L. Porta (University of Milan · Bicocca), T. Raffaelli (Univer - sity of Pisa), A. Salanti (University of Bergamo), W. J. Samuels (Michigan State University), A. S. Skinner (University of Glasgow), J. K. Whitaker (University of Virginia) Book Review Editor: Nicola Giocoli (University of Pisa) Editorial Assistants: Giandomenica Becchio (University of Turin) Giulia Bianchi (University of Pisa) Address: The Editor, History of Economic Ideas, Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Facoltà di Giurisprudenza, Via Curtatone e Montanara 15, i 56126 Pisa, tel.