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From Melanocyte to Malignant Metastatic Melanoma Dermatology Research and Practice From Melanocyte to Malignant Metastatic Melanoma Guest Editors: Prashiela Manga, Keith S. Hoek, Lester M. Davids, and Sancy A. Leachman From Melanocyte to Malignant Metastatic Melanoma Dermatology Research and Practice From Melanocyte to Malignant Metastatic Melanoma Guest Editors: Prashiela Manga, Keith S. Hoek, Lester M. Davids, and Sancy A. Leachman Copyright © 2010 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in volume 2010 of “Dermatology Research and Practice.” All articles are open access articles dis- tributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Dermatology Research and Practice Editorial Board Dietrich Abeck, Germany Salvador Gonzalez,˜ USA Gavin P. Robertson, USA Christoph Abels, Germany Jane Grant-Kels, USA Franco Rongioletti, Italy Giuseppe Argenziano, Italy Joan Guitart, USA Stefano Rosso, Italy Jorge Arrese, Belgium Takashi Hashimoto, Japan Toshiaki Saida, Japan Khusru Asadullah, Germany Jana Hercogova,´ Czech Republic Mario Santinami, Italy Robert Baran, France Herbert Hoenigsmann, Austria Tadamichi Shimizu, Japan Wilma Fowler Bergfeld, USA D. Jukic,´ USA Bruce Robert Smoller, USA BrunoA.Bernard,France Hideko Kamino, USA Hans Peter Soyer, Australia Jag Bhawan, USA D. V. Kazakov, Czech Republic Giuseppe Stinco, Italy Craig G. Burkhart, USA Lajos Kemeny, Hungary Markus Stucker,¨ Germany Andrea Cavani, Italy Elizabeth Helen Kemp, UK Desmond J. Tobin, UK Eung-Ho Choi, Republic of Korea Kaoru Kiguchi, USA Franz Trautinger, Austria Enno Christophers, Germany Yasuo Kitajima, Japan Uwe Trefzer, Germany Clay Cockerell, USA Rossitza Lazova, USA Helgi Valdimarsson, Iceland I. Kelman Cohen, USA Philip E. LeBoit, USA Vladimir Vincek, USA Philip J. Cooper, UK Jan A. Marcusson, Norway Janine Wechsler, France Jonathan L. Curry, USA Ashfaq A. Marghoob, USA Xiaowei Xu, USA Vincent J. Falanga, USA M. Michal, Czech Republic K. Yamanishi, Japan Masutaka Furue, Japan Luigi Naldi, Italy Iris Zalaudek, Austria Thilo Gambichler, Germany Johannes Norgauer, Germany Bernhard W. H. Zelger, Austria Aziz Ghahary, Canada Jean Revuz, France D. M. Ghazarian, Canada J. Ring, Germany Contents From Melanocyte to Malignant Metastatic Melanoma, PrashielaManga, Keith S. Hoek, Lester M. Davids, and Sancy A. Leachman Volume 2010, Article ID 798324, 2 pages From Melanocyte to Metastatic Malignant Melanoma, Bizhan Bandarchi, Linglei Ma, Roya Navab, Arun Seth, and Golnar Rasty Volume 2010, Article ID 583748, 8 pages The Determination of Melanoma Stage at Diagnosis,JohnA.H.Lee Volume 2010, Article ID 839829, 3 pages Angiogenesis and Progression in Human Melanoma,R.Ria,A.Reale,A.Castrovilli,G.Mangialardi, F. Dammacco, D. Ribatti, and A. Vacca Volume 2010, Article ID 185687, 6 pages Genetics of Uveal Melanoma and Cutaneous Melanoma: Two of a Kind?, Thomas van den Bosch, Emine Kilic, Dion Paridaens, and Annelies de Klein Volume 2010, Article ID 360136, 13 pages Metastatic Melanomas Express Inhibitory Low Affinity Fc Gamma Receptor and Escape Humoral Immunity, Joel F. G. Cohen-Solal, Lydie Cassard, Emilie M. Fournier, Shannon M. Loncar, Wolf Herman Fridman, and Catherine Sautes-Fridman` Volume 2010, Article ID 657406, 11 pages Stress as a Possible Mechanism in Melanoma Progression,M.Sanzo,R.Colucci,M.Arunachalam, S. Berti, and S. Moretti Volume 2010, Article ID 483493, 4 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Dermatology Research and Practice Volume 2010, Article ID 798324, 2 pages doi:10.1155/2010/798324 Editorial From Melanocyte to Malignant Metastatic Melanoma Prashiela Manga,1 Keith S. Hoek,2 Lester M. Davids,3 and Sancy A. Leachman4 1 The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA 2 Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland 3 Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa 4 Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Prashiela Manga, [email protected] Received 10 August 2010; Accepted 10 August 2010 Copyright © 2010 Prashiela Manga et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Incidence of melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, they review treatment options and discuss the 2009 Amer- continues to increase among older adults and young women ican Joint Committee on Cancer Melanoma Staging and worldwide despite significant efforts to raise awareness and Classification. inform the public about risk factors such as sun exposure, use J. A. H. Lee explores the relationship between incidence of tanning salon, and the need to monitor skin for potential rates for in situ and invasive melanoma, proposing that the neoplastic lesions. Whether this increase is due to an actual trends may in fact provide clues to the mechanisms that rise in the number of individuals that develop the disease or underlie development and progression of melanoma. due to an increase in classification of lesions as melanoma R. Ria et al. review the events and consequences of remains contentious; however it is indisputable that lim- increasing vascularization during tumorigenesis and sum- ited progress has been made in improving treatment of marize the most relevant cytokines involved. They also malignant melanoma or mortality rates. While new targeted detail the roles of melanoma-produced factors involved in agents against BRAF and immunotherapies directed against interacting with or modifying the extracellular environment CTLA4 are showing great promise in clinical trials, FDA- in favour of neovascularizing processes. Finally, these authors approved therapies for melanoma remain largely ineffective, discuss recent efforts to therapeutically target tumor vas- highlighting the need to better understand the mechanisms cularization in patients using a variety of small molecule underlying disease initiation and progression. Melanoma inhibitors, concluding that there remains much room for results from malignant transformation of melanocytes. The improvement. most frequent site of transformation is in the skin where A group led by Annelies de Klein (T. van den Bosch et al.) melanocytes produce the pigment melanin that confers skin compare cutaneous and uveal melanomas and find that while color and protects against sun-induced damage. Multiple diagnosis and therapy options are similar, there are telling factors contribute to melanoma risk, including genetic differences in the biology of these malignances. For example, predisposition and environmental risk factors such as sun cutaneous melanomas may metastasize to a variety of organs exposure. In this special issue, we present six papers that in the body while most uveal melanomas metastasize to review some of the crucial issues currently being investigated the liver; the authors point out that this difference is in the melanoma field. likely due to the absence of lymphatic vessels associated B. Bandarchi et al. provide a broad review of malig- with the eye. Perhaps most interesting are the cytogenetic nant melanoma, from epidemiology and risk factors to differences discussed, the most prominent example being classification and clinical features, highlighting some of the that monosomy 3 is a common feature of uveal melanomas genes that play a role in disease progression. Furthermore which is rarer in the cutaneous disease. 2 Dermatology Research and Practice J. F. G. Cohen-Solal and coworkers review melanoma’s capacity for immune escape, reminding us of extensive studies conducted by themselves and other groups which show that expression of Fc-gamma receptor decoys serves to prevent immune effector cells from recognizing melanoma cells and providing answers as to how melanoma has so far avoided targeted immunotherapy. They close with the hopeful note that it may be possible to design Fc fragments with reduced affinity for decoys and higher affinity for immune-functional receptors. The Italian group of M. Sanzo et al. review chronic stress as a possible cofactor in the progression of melanoma. As treatment of this dreaded disease continues to be ineffective, this hypothesis is worth exploring. They suggest in their paper that despite understanding biological mechanisms underlying local and distant metastases, the effect of stress mediator molecules such as catecholamines may increase progression. These findings point to the complexity of can- cers in that chronic stress including both psychological and environmental factors may influence biological pathways. Finally, these authors suggest that intervention targeting these catecholinergic hormones in addition to psychological and social support may represent a valid approach in the treatment of advanced melanoma. Prashiela Manga Keith S. Hoek Lester M. Davids Sancy A. Leachman Hindawi Publishing Corporation Dermatology Research and Practice Volume 2010, Article ID 583748, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2010/583748 Review Article From Melanocyte to Metastatic Malignant Melanoma Bizhan Bandarchi,1 Linglei Ma,2 Roya Navab,1 Arun Seth,3 and Golnar Rasty4 1 Department of Applied Molecular Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, 7 Yorkview Drive,
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