Cool GTL for the Production of Jet Fuel from Biogas

DOE Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) 2021 Project Peer Review

Cool GTL to Produce Jet Fuel from Biogas

March 25, 2021 WBS: 3.5.1.405

Terry Marker Gas Technology Institute

This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information 1 Cool GTL for the Production of Jet Fuel from Biogas

Project Overview

2 Project Overview Cool GTL to Produce Jet Fuel from Biogas

• Goal is to produce 100 gallons of Jet Fuel from Biogas using the Cool GTL Process – GTI will demonstrate a new simple GTL process which converts biogas, CO2, and methane directly to jet, gasoline, and diesel – Show the technology to be significantly lower cost, and more efficient than previous GTL processes- produce jet fuel at < $3/GGE – Also complete modeling, engineering, technoeconomic and LCA for Cool GTL biogas commercial process- advance from TRL 3 to 5

3 3 Cool GTL

• Converts CO2-rich methane, ethane and propane to high-quality gasoline, diesel and jet fuel

• Works well for any gas containing CO2 or CO

• Uses unique CO2/steam reforming catalyst to directly make 2:1 H2/CO synthesis gas • Uses unique combined Fischer-Tropsch and wax-cracking reactor • Simple and compact with unique catalysts in each stage

4 SM Unique Cool GTL Technology

Novel Features Beneficial Results • Unique bi-reforming catalyst • Modular, low-cost GTL • Unique wax cracking-FT catalyst • Small footprint • Unique electric reformer design • Great economics • Distributed plant locations

Two patents issued Current GTL Cool GTLSM and several others pending

5 SM Cool GTL – High Quality Products

Reforming Product Composition vs Time on Stream 70 Hydrogen 60 50 40 CO 30 20 CO2 10 Methane 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 Hours on Stream

Product Gas Internal Flow Heaters Catalyst material Electric reformer One reactor with internal heating elements Feed Gas Flow 6

Cool GTL for the Production of Jet Fuel from Biogas

Management

7 Project Management Cool GTL to Produce Jet Fuel from Biogas

GTI Experimental testing

Hatch MTU Veolia Synsel CAAFI PSRI Engineering LCA Commercial Commercial Commercial Modeling technoeconomic

Additional Contractors 1 INL-Forest Concepts- IH2 Feed Preparation 2 Intertek/SGS – Jet Product Workup

8 8 Project Management –Risk Mitigation Cool GTL to Produce Jet Fuel from Biogas

• Monthly Team Meetings • Additional meetings as needed with engineering, modeling and LCA team. • 3 phase approach with important milestones and intermediate reports

9 Cool GTL for the Production of Jet Fuel from Biogas

Approach

10 Approach Simplified Biogas to Jet Fuel Timeline 2019 2020 2021 2021 2022 Sept Feb Oct

Initial verification Produce wood feed Tie-in/Shakedown Initial Reactor Modeling Reactor Modeling Produce 5 Gallons of Jet Produce 100 Gallons of Jet Fuel Fuel Jet Fuel work up Jet Fuel work up Final Engineering Preliminary Engineering Final Technoeconomic Preliminary Final LCA Technoeconomic Final report Preliminary LCA

We are currently in Budget Period 2

11 Second Budget Period Key Tasks

. Integrate/Tie in Cool GTL Pilot plant with IH2 Unit . Shakedown integrated system . Preliminary Engineering, modeling and LCA . Make 5 Gallons Jet fuel . Analyze the Jet fuel – pass specifications

12 Process Flow Diagram for the IH2 and Cool GTL Process Larger Pilot Plant for Budget Period 2 DOE Tests

Existing IH2 Process Cool Reformer Process

Char Removal HydroConversion Integrated with FT Process H2 steam

Product Gases IH2 Bio Gases Char Gasoline+ 1-2 gallons per day Separation Jet +Diesel

PS Cool FT Polishin Water HydroPyrolysis Separator A Reform Reactor g Water 2 IH er Reactor Gasoline+Diesel H2 Feed And Biomass Wood Biomass Conversion of Biogas into Conversion and liquid Liquids Upgrading

13 Key Milestones Budget Period 2 . Integrate Cool GTL with IH2 In Progress . Shakedown of the Cool GTL System with the IH2 system . Short term testing of the Cool GTL system. . Make 5 Gallons of Jet Fuel . Cool reformer makes 2.1-2.4 H2/CO synthesis gas . Cool FT operates at >60% Conversion per pass . Catalyst deactivation < 5C./200hours . Modeling of the Fischer Tropsch Reactor . Initial Engineering design package . 2 commercial designs 800bbl/d for IH2 and 100bbl/d for digestor . DECISION POINT DOE verification – Initial analysis jet fuel at 3.5 /GGE

14 Key Technical Challenges Budget Period 2

. Integrated system working stably . Produce high quality jet fuel which makes freeze point . Reach $3.5/GGE in initial technoeconomic pass verification

15 Cool GTL to Produce Jet Fuel from Biogas Impacts

16 Cool GTL Applications & Markets

• Biogas to GTL → Direct utilization of CO2 methane, ethane, propane • Increase liquid production from biomass conversion with IH2 and Gasifiers • CO2 from DAC plus Hydrogen conversion to liquid fuels

• Flare gas mitigation → any CO2 containing natural gas, offshore, Africa

• High CO2 content natural gas → utilize some shut-in natural gas

Cool GTL is a versatile process with multiple applications

17 Cool GTL for the Production of Jet Fuel from Biogas

Progress and Outcomes

18 Cool GTL to Produce Jet Fuel from Biogas Progress – Engineering - HATCH

. Initial Process design and modeling complete . 800bl/d case IH2 feed . 100bbl/d digestor feed

Bi-Reformer Optimization – IH2 Bi- Reformer Optimization – Biogas Case

Carbon Conversion as a Function of H2 and H2O Addition Rates Reformer Conversion as a Function of Pressure 100 (Fixed Composition & Target H2:CO) 90 76 80 74 70 72 60 70 50 68

40 66 47.4% 30 64 42.9% 37.5% 62 20 31.0% Carbon Conversion in Feed Gas

60 2 10 23.1% 0.00

0.17 13.0% 0.34 0.51

0 0.67 0.84 1.01 1.18 1.35 1.52

44 58 73 87 102 116 131 145 160 174 189 203 218 1.69

1.85 0.0% 2.02 2.19 2.36 2.53 Molar % H 2.70

Pressure at Inlet to Prereformer (psia) 2.87 3.03 3.20 Carbon Conversion Through Reformer (%) Reformer Through Conversion Carbon CO2 Conversion CH4 Conversion Carbon Conversion H2O:CH4 Ratio of Reformer Feed

19 Cool GTL to Produce Jet Fuel from BiogasProgress – Fischer Tropsch Reactor Modeling - PSRI

• Two reactor designs to be evaluated – Ebulliated bed reactor – Tubular Reactor

Ebulliated Bed Tubular Reactor

20 Cool GTL Pilot Plant – Connected to IH2

21 Cool GTL Pilot Plant – Control Room and Product Recovery

22 Cool GTL Sulfur Guard Bed and Panoramic view

23 Cool GTL – Large Pilot Plant work

• Integration complete • Shakedown In Progress • 5 Gallon Jet Fuel from Biogas to be produced April

Cool GTL – Life Cycle Analysis

. In Progress

24 Cool GTL for the Production of Jet Fuel to Biogas Summary

. Unique new GTL technology for Biogas Conversion . Project in Budget Period 2 . Engineering, LCA, Modeling, Pilot Plant Shakedown Progressing

25 Quad Chart Overview Cool GTL for the Production of Jet Fuel from Biogas Timeline Project Goal • Project start date Sept 2019 Make 100 gallons of Jet fuel from Biogas using Cool GTL technology • Project end date March 2023 End of Project Milestones FY20 . Total Award 100 gallons of jet fuel while achieving catalyst Costed deactivation <5C/500hr . Jet fuel specifications are passed. DOE $538,208 $2,986,005 Funding . The model predicts pilot plant results well +/- 10C at 60% CO conversion . Complete engineering design package for 800bbl/day and 100bbl/day . Jet Fuel produced at <$3/GGE Project $258,000 $853,563 . Biogenic fuel reduces greenhouse gas Cost emissions by > 65% Share . DOE verification passed Project Partners* Funding5 Mechanism • Hatch, MTU, PSRI DOE DE-EE-0001926 – Topic area 1 , • Veolia, Synsel, CAAFI. FOA issued in 2018 . 26 26 Additional Slides

27 SM Cool GTL Reactions

Cool Reforming Reactor

H2 O + CH4  CO + 3H2 CO and H2 formation (800°C)

CO2 + CH4  2CO + 2H2 CO and H2 formation (800°C)

CO2 + H2  H2 O + CO Water-gas shift to equilibrium

Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) Reactor

CO + 2H2  -[CH2] + H2 O Hydro/oligomerization (200°C)

H2 + -[CH2]  -[CH2] + H2 Isomerization (200°C)

28 Initial verification – Passed – Feb 2020 Cool Reformer and FT Process Small Pilot Plant in 554

Cool Reformer Process FT Process 330 g/day Hydrocarbon product

nd 1st Stage Heat 2 Stage Heat Polishing Exchanger Polishing Exchanger Reactor Reactor Reformer 246C,445psig 246C,445ps 870C, 50 psig ig Preheater Fuel/Water Fuel/Water

st Feed Gas Synthesis 1 Stage 2nd Stage Gas FT Reactor FT Reactor Gas Product 215C,450psig 215C,440psig Water

Water

Synthesis Gas 29 Circulating water used for temperature control of FT system Cool GTL to Produce Jet Fuel from Biogas

Veolia sells digestors Cool GTL for Biogas Conversion

Biomass Digester Cool GTL BIOGAS

Biomass

Gasoline, Jet and Diesel Cool GTL Utilizes the CH4 + CO2 present in biogas

30 US Digestors Map

Over 2200 Digestors in the United States

31 2® Synsel interested in IH Cool GTL Application Waste wood/MSW conversion Case 1 Case 2 IH2 plus CO2/H2O Reforming of IH2 Liqht Gas to Increase biogenic Liquid WOOD FEED CASE 2 in LCA BASE IH2 PROCESS Yields to 38%IH2 - LCA plus- Case 2 Cool GTL (showing more details) Cool GTL

CO2

H2 Diesel Char Upgrading Boiler PSA H 2 Diesel Upgrading Electricity Electricity H2S adsorber +Steam H2S adsorber +Steam Ammonia-water

Ammonia/water

water CO2 86 GPT Liquid Yield 126 GPT Liquid Yield from wood from wood

• Use natural gas to make H2, use Biogenic gas to make more biogenic liquid • LCA says IH2+Cool GTL still above 60% GHG reduction