DOCSLIB.ORG

Freedom to Roam

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Freedom to Roam Home Editorial JANUARY 2016 How changes in mobile roaming charges will affect business users CWEurope Will the Paris terror attacks spur France to compromise data protection measures? Freedom to roam The abolition of mobile roaming The 4G network in France: The business charges will benefit European user opportunity businesses, consumers and mobile network operators alike Testing software: It’s time for CIOs to raise their game Inside Taiwan: The engine room of the internet of things Delivering success with DevOps computerweekly.com FLY_DRAGONFLY/ISTOCK CW EDITOR’S COMMENT Computer Weekly HOME 2nd Floor, 3-4a Little Portland Street Home London W1W 7JB General enquiries 020 7186 1400 Editorial EDITORIAL Editor: Karl Flinders Forthcoming freedom from roaming 020 7186 1423 | [email protected] How changes in mobile roaming Editor charges in chief: will Bryan Glick 020affect 7186 business 1424 | [email protected] users charges across Europe will benefit all PRODUCTION WillProduction the Paris editor: terror Claire Cormack 020attacks 7186 1417 spur | [email protected] to compromise data protectionSenior sub-editor: measures? Jason Foster his month, CW Europe looks in-depth at an issue that is set to affect people across all 28 European Union member states – the 020 7186 1420 | [email protected] abolition of mobile roaming charges, set for mid-2017. Sub-editor: Jaime Lee Daniels 020The 7186 4G 1417network | [email protected] in Up to now, most media coverage of mobile roaming charges has centred on the phenomenon known as “bill shock”, oth- France: The business T erwise known as that sinking feeling you get when you return from a vacation to find a much larger mobile phone bill than you user opportunitySALES Sales director: Brent Boswell ever expected. 07584 311889 | [email protected] However, this is not just a consumer issue; it is one that is set to affect enter- Testing software: It’s time for CIOs to prises all over Europe. THE END OF MOBILE ROAMING raise theirPublished game by TechTarget On balance, the changes look set to be a real boon for European business 275 Grove Street, Newton, MA 02466 travellers. We explore some of the likely outcomes for European enterprises, CHARGES LOOKS SET TO BE A Inside Taiwan:www.techtarget.com The such as increased productivity and less stress for employees on the move, and engine room of the REAL BOON FOR UROPEAN internet© 2016 TechTarget of things Inc. No part of this consider whether or not the end of mobile roaming charges will lead to more E publication may be transmitted or reproduced enterprises adopting video-conferencing services or implementing a bring your In any form or by any means without written BUSINESS TRAVELLERS permissionDelivering from success the publisher. TechTarget own device (BYOD) policy. reprints are available through The YGS Group. with DevOps We will also be examining some of the less obvious implications of the About TechTarget new European legislation, such as what it could mean for providers of Wi-Fi networking services and how mobile network operators TechTarget publishes media for information technology professionals. More than 100 might respond. focused websites enable quick access to a deep store of news, advice and analysis about This month’s CW Europe also asks whether November’s terrorist attacks in Paris might compromise data protection as governments the technologies, products and processes attempt to tighten security. n crucial to your job. Our live and virtual events give you direct access to independent expert commentary and advice. At IT Knowledge Alex Scroxton Exchange, our social community, you can get advice and share solutions Networking editor, Computer Weekly with peers and experts. cw europe January 2016 2 MOBILE ROAMING Home Editorial How changes in mobile legislation How changes in mobile roaming charges will affect business users will affect organisations across Europe Will the Paris terror attacks spur France As roaming charges take a hike out of the EU, Alex Scroxton considers the implications for businesses users to compromise data protection measures? The 4G network in t has been a long time coming, but at the end of October 2015 At face value, very little looks set to change, according to Dan France: The business – in a vote overshadowed by the issues surrounding net neu- Howdle, editor-in-chief of broadband and mobile comparison site user opportunity Itrality regulations – the European Parliament finally waved Cable.co.uk, who starts by pointing out that most businesses that through legislation that will put an end to mobile roaming charges can afford to pay to fly their employees around Europe have been Testing software: It’s time for CIOs to in the 28 European Union (EU) member states on 15 June 2017. able to afford roaming costs up to now. raise their game Mobile roaming charges have been a long-standing bugbear for European consumers jetting off to the Mediterranean for their A little less stress, a little less cost Inside Taiwan: The engine room of the holidays in the sun. Barely a summer goes by without a new round But there will be one meaningful difference that will make life internet of things of complaints about the phenomenon, known as “bill shock”. This easier for the number-crunchers back at home. is when a traveller returns home to find a mobile phone bill much “No more will accounts departments have to brave the mire of Delivering success higher than expected – a problem that has got worse in recent business travel plans, add-ons, daily rates, data overages, usage with DevOps years with the advent of 4G networks and data-heavy services. blockages or indeed the myriad differences between EU and But the problems associated with roaming charges are not con- global roaming,” says Howdle. fined to the consumer sphere. With hundreds of thousands of “The same as it is at home is something we can all understand business travellers moving around the EU – who rely on being able and, by that token – in its own way – it empowers business users to access emails, download reports and increasingly use services with a little more freedom and a little less stress,” he adds. such as video-conferencing from anywhere – bill shock can hit the If merely causing your accountants less stress is the aim of the enterprise world as well. So how will the EU’s legal changes affect game, then apparently it’s mission accomplished – but how about the business user? some statistics to show to the auditors? cw europe January 2016 3 MOBILE ROAMING Home Editorial Earlier in 2015, Wi-Fi hotspot aggregator iPass – which controls At Blue Jeans Network, a provider of high-definition enterprise a global network with millions of access points and takes a keen video services, the end of roaming charges is an opportunity for How changes in mobile interest in the use of mobile devices when travelling internation- its business to really let rip in the EU, according to Europe, Middle roaming charges will affect business users ally – produced a Business Traveller Connectivity Cost Index. This East and Africa (Emea) general manager James Campanini. gives some insight into the costs of roaming to businesses today Blue Jeans already sees more than a billion minutes of paid Will the Paris terror – and hence the savings from June 2017. video flowing across its network, and hopes to see a substantial attacks spur France The report claimed the average business traveller consumed uptick with the end of roaming charges. to compromise data protection measures? 760MB of data every day, or around 4.5GB per month, based on Ubiquitous network access across Europe will mean people are an assumed average of six days out of the user’s home country. far more willing to use cloud services, says Campanini. It may The 4G network in Use of Skype for Business, Webex-type services and enterprise France: The business virtual private networks (VPNs) were the biggest data sinks. user opportunity The report revealed that, opting to use a predominantly mobile connection while on a business trip, the average European travel- Testing software: It’s time for CIOs to ling on the continent costs their company anywhere between €77 raise their game and €384 per day, or around €900 per month, even following the introduction of caps on roaming charges in 2012 and their reduc- The average business Inside Taiwan: The traveller in Europe currently engine room of the tion in 2014. internet of things Nevertheless, iPass’s statistics make it very clear that the elimi- costs their company nation of roaming charges represents a substantial cost benefit between €77 and Delivering success for businesses. €384 per day with DevOps Meanwhile, mobile security management provider Wandera CEO Eldar Tuvey claims that as much as 10% of the average total cost of ownership of enterprise mobile devices in the UK is made up of roaming top-ups – and 43% is made up of bill shock events. “The new laws from the EU will, of course, reduce the likelihood of bill shock and the need for roaming top-ups, and will have a dramatic impact on these costs for enterprises whose employees travel in Europe,” he says. ANYABERKUT/ISTOCK cw europe January 2016 4 MOBILE ROAMING Home Editorial even mean more people are tempted to use their own devices for The impact on operators working while abroad, so businesses will need to pay far more Some might expect that European MNOs would be up in arms How changes in mobile than just lip service to mobile device security. at the European Parliament closing off a lucrative revenue roaming charges will affect business users stream – but that may not necessarily be the case, says Jennifer And now for the bad news Kyriakakis, founder and vice-president of marketing at software Will the Paris terror However, even with the cost savings, it is not all good news.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Property Outlaws Eduardo M
    Cornell Law Library Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository Cornell Law Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 5-1-2007 Property Outlaws Eduardo M. Peñalver Cornell Law School, [email protected] Sonia K. Katyal Fordham Law School Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/facpub Part of the Criminal Law Commons, and the Property Law and Real Estate Commons Recommended Citation Peñalver, Eduardo M. and Katyal, Sonia K., "Property Outlaws" (2007). Cornell Law Faculty Publications. Paper 28. http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/facpub/28 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cornell Law Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PROPERTY OUTLAWS EDUARDO MOISitS PE&ALVERt & SONiA K. KATYAL" Most people do not hold those who intentionallyflout property laws in par- ticularly high regard. The overridingly negative view of the property lawbreaker as a "wrongdoer" comports with the status of property rights within our charac- teristically individualist, capitalist, political culture. This reflexively dim view of property lawbreakers is also shared, to a large degree, by property theorists, many of whom regard property rights as a relatively fixed constellation of enti- tlements that collectively produce stability and efficiency through an orderly sys- tem of ownership. In this Article, Professors Peihalverand Katyal seek partially to rehabilitate the reviled characterof the intentional property lawbreaker, and to show how property outlaws have played an important role in the evolution and transfer of property entitlements.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change... Health) and the Community
    THE JOURNAL OF THE SCHOOL OF FORESTRY & ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES SPRING 2006 environment YALE Conservationists Thinking Big to Save the Last Great Places INSIDE: Gift for Land Conservation page 11 Spurring Action on Climate Change page 15 Developing World Gaining Access to Online Research page 19 letters To the Editor: Editor’s Note: Below are excerpts from national spokesman for taking meaningful, I read your article about forests as a a letter sent to Yale University President national action on climate change. remedy for global warming [“As a Remedy Richard Levin on February 7 and We believe that the president of Yale can to Global Warming, Do Forests Matter?,” President Levin’s response. get some attention, particularly if you turn Fall 2005] and was perplexed, because your own commitment to rallying the nowhere in the article was the fact that the Dear President Levin, commitments of the presidents of other carbon taken up by a tree part remains out We were struck by a juxtaposition of major U.S. universities to join you in calling of circulation as long as that tree part is two articles in the January 29 for meaningful action on climate change not degraded to its con- Washington Post, one a headline that reflects our most current scientific stituent molecules or article entitled “Debate on knowledge. elements. This should Climate Shifts to Issue of V. A LARIC SAMPLE be a major tenet of the Irreparable Change,” and the PRESIDENT tree-based sequestration other on how the State of the PINCHOT INSTITUTE WASHINGTON, D.C. argument, and it should Union address has become M.F.
    [Show full text]
  • Indicators for Relational Values of Nature's Contributions to Good
    Ecosystems and People ISSN: (Print) 2639-5916 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tbsm22 Indicators for relational values of nature’s contributions to good quality of life: the IPBES approach for Europe and Central Asia Matthias Schröter, Esra Başak, Michael Christie, Andrew Church, Hans Keune, Elena Osipova, Elisa Oteros-Rozas, Stefanie Sievers-Glotzbach, Alexander P. E. van Oudenhoven, Patricia Balvanera, David González, Sander Jacobs, Zsolt Molnár, Unai Pascual & Berta Martín-López To cite this article: Matthias Schröter, Esra Başak, Michael Christie, Andrew Church, Hans Keune, Elena Osipova, Elisa Oteros-Rozas, Stefanie Sievers-Glotzbach, Alexander P. E. van Oudenhoven, Patricia Balvanera, David González, Sander Jacobs, Zsolt Molnár, Unai Pascual & Berta Martín-López (2020) Indicators for relational values of nature’s contributions to good quality of life: the IPBES approach for Europe and Central Asia, Ecosystems and People, 16:1, 50-69, DOI: 10.1080/26395916.2019.1703039 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2019.1703039 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa Published online: 10 Jan 2020. UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 628 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tbsm22 ECOSYSTEMS AND PEOPLE 2020, VOL. 16, NO. 1, 50–69 https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2019.1703039 REVIEW: THE SCIENCE-POLICY INTERFACE OF ECOSYSTEMS AND PEOPLE Indicators for relational values of nature’s contributions to good quality of life: the IPBES approach for Europe and Central Asia Matthias Schröter a,EsraBaşakb, Michael Christie c, Andrew Church d,HansKeunee,f, Elena Osipovag, Elisa Oteros-Rozash,i, Stefanie Sievers-Glotzbachj, Alexander P.
    [Show full text]
  • Lomfeld 2017 Property
    Bertram Lomfeld A Political Grammar of Property Law Preliminary Draft 02/2017 DELIBERATING PROPERTY: A POLITICAL GRAMMAR OF PROPERTY LAW Bertram Lomfeld 1 Political Properties: What? Who? Why? 2 Justificatory Reasons for Property 3 A Bundle of Property Rights 4 A Bundle of Property Duties 5 Property As Deliberation 6 Applying the Grammar: Some Tentative Case Studies Some people understand property as a natural human right. Meant to depoliticize property it is perhaps one of the most political arguments one could take. This paper is starting from an opposite perspective, i.e. fundamental value pluralism. Starting from value pluralism, it is impossible to define a ‘universal’ core of property either on a conceptual or a normative (justificatory) level. To understand property as a clear ‘human right’ might still allow for a conceptual ‘structural’ pluralism, 1 but it accepts only private autonomy and subjective freedom as justificatory basis. For an economic perspective, the core function of property rights is the internalization of social cost.2 So, it all depends on the perspective: ‘How one defines the core of property depends on what values one thinks property serves‘.3 This paper attempts to sketch a more freestanding genuinely pluralistic property theory relying on a ‘deliberative’ discourse theory.4 The strategy of a ‘deliberative legal theory’ is pragmatic and idealistic at the same time.5 Considering law as a constitutive structure of social cooperation, it analyzes social practices of law and theory discourses (scholarship, legislation and judicial cases). It deconstructs or ‘liquefies’ monistic normative principles or policies and tries to reconstruct them as an integrative yet plural ‘political grammar’ for legal argumentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientist Letter to Senate on Natural Resources
    Dear Senator, We the undersigned signatories, leading researchers and practitioners from the various biological and earth science disciplines, are writing to urge the Senate to pass legislation that will reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and begin to substantively address the impacts of climate change on our communities, wildlands and wildlife this year. The science is clear: we must both reduce greenhouse gas pollutants and safeguard wildlife and natural resources already impacted from climate change. The time to act is now. The increase in human-caused emissions is responsible for driving climatic changes worldwide, and negatively impacting both human and natural systems. Climate change is already causing serious damage and disruptions to wildlife and natural ecosystems, threatening the collapse of natural systems that cross ecological or biological thresholds. This collapse will result in the loss of the environmental goods and services they provide to society, as well as the loss of the biological diversity that sustains their production. The warming of rivers, streams, lakes and wetland, the changes in natural disturbance regimes and increased incidence of pest and disease outbreaks, and changes in the seasonal timing of both plant and animal life history events such as reproduction, migration, and species ranges are disrupting ecological communities. Profound changes such as the melting polar ice caps and glaciers, acidification of the oceans, rise in sea levels, and an increasing incidence of intensified storms, drought and catastrophic fires will stress natural systems and have devastating implications for people, our treasured landscapes and wildlife. Wildlife, natural resource and water managers will be increasingly challenged by species assemblages and climate-related stressors that have never previously occurred.
    [Show full text]
  • Contracting the Right to Roam
    Contracting the Right to Roam Wallace McNeish and Steve Olivier © 2017, Palgrave Macmillan, reproduced with permission of Palgrave Macmillan This extract is taken from the author's original manuscript and has not been edited. The definitive, published, version of record is available in the Palgrave Handbook of Leisure Theory, edited by K. Spracklen et al., available from: http://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137564788 Contracting the Right to Roam Wallace McNeish and Steve Olivier Introduction This chapter critically examines the issue of free recreational access to the environment – the right to roam, from the perspective of political philosophy. We begin by setting the right to roam within a comparative socio-legal context that indicates how ongoing social and economic change has moved it to centre stage in the increasingly contested sphere of what Rojek (2001; 2010) calls leisure politics. We then move on to consider the political- philosophical debate that has traditionally revolved around rights and duties pertaining to private property, and the conception of the social contract. In recent decades the emergence of environmental ethics – and in particular conceptions of environmental sustainability and environmental justice, have added extra dimensions of complexity to the philosophical terrain upon which the right to roam is contested. Two very different versions of the social contract will be juxtaposed to bring the key arguments into high relief. On the one hand we consider Hardin’s influential eco-Hobbesian Tragedy of the Commons (2000, [1968]) thesis. This positions human beings as possessive, selfish and competitive individuals who will inevitably be responsible for generalized environmental degradation, unless their restless desires (including to roam) are held in check by a coercive Green Leviathan.
    [Show full text]
  • National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Draft Business Plan for the Path of the Pronghorn March 24, 2009
    National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Draft Business Plan for the Path of the Pronghorn March 24, 2009 NFWF Pronghorn Biz Plan.indd 1 8/12/09 11:29:01 AM What Is a Business Plan? A business plan serves two broad, primary functions. First, it provides specific information to those (e.g., prospective investors) not familiar with the proposed or existing business, including its goals and the management strategy and financial and other resources necessary to attain those goals. Second, a business plan provides internal guidance to those who are active in the operation of the business, allowing all individuals to understand where the business is headed and the means by which it will get there. The plan helps keep the business from drifting away from its goals and key actions through careful articulation of a strategy. In the context of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation’s conservation efforts, business plans represent the strategies necessary to meet the conservation goals of Keystone and other initia- tives. Each business plan emphasizes the type(s) and magnitude of the benefits that will be realized through the initiative, the monetary costs involved, and the potential obstacles (risks) to achieving those gains. Each of the Foundation’s business plans has three core elements: Conservation Outcomes: A concrete description of the outcomes to which the Foundation and grantees will hold ourselves accountable. Implementation Plan with Strategic Priorities and Performance Measures: A description of the specific strategies that are needed to achieve our conservation outcome and the quantitative measures by which we will measure success and make it possible to adaptively revise strategies in the face of underperformance.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Rights to Migration?
    Draft only (and a very baggy and messy one at that). Please do not cite or quote without permission. Natural Rights to Migration? Christopher Bertram Department of Philosophy, University of Bristol [email protected] INTRODUCTION It is often claimed that states enjoy, as a consequence of their sovereign sta- tus, the right to control the passage of outsiders through their territory and that they have a discretion to admit or to refuse to admit outsiders, whether those outsiders be tourists, business travelers, would-be economic migrants, or even refugees. Or, to be more exact, such limitations on that right to control are derived from the agreement of states to treaties and conventions, agree- ment which they could have withheld and could yet revoke. As a statement of the legal position this is not completely uncontroversial,1 but my aim in this paper is not to make a contribution to international law or law at all. Rather, my concern is with political philosophy and with the issue of whether 1See, for elaboration the discussion in Nafziger (1983). 1 2 any state, or state-like entity, could, in fact, have the moral right to exclude foreigners who wish to enter its territory. Whilst some people think it obvious that states have such rights to con- trol and limit movement, to others, this claim can seem utterly mysterious. Borders are not natural features of the world – though they may track such features – and the idea that some people have the right to declare an arbi- trary line and the right to forbid others from crossing it, and that those others have the moral duty to comply and not to cross without permission can seem simply bizarre.
    [Show full text]
  • POVERTY, PROTEST and SPORT: POACHING in the EAST MIDLANDS C.1820-C.1900 ROSEMARY MUGE, MA. Thesis Submitted to the University Of
    POVERTY, PROTEST AND SPORT: POACHING IN THE EAST MIDLANDS c.1820-c.1900 ROSEMARY MUGE, MA. Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2017 Abstract In the East Midlands counties of Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire levels of poaching equalled or exceeded those in many counties which are thought of as prime poaching areas. Using principally Criminal Registers, Game Laws Returns to Parliament, and local newspapers of the period, this study shows that people poached from three motives: because they were poor; because poaching was a sport; and as a protest. Day and night poachers, including night poaching gangs frequently involved in affrays, pursued their activities undeterred by the efforts at prevention of the landowners, police and courts. Poaching here was predominantly for ground game and declined in the last quarter of the century, but continued to be a source of anger and frustration for game preservers and the authorities to the end of the period. The poaching war in these counties, waged in an area with large aristocratic estates but where extreme game preservation was viewed critically, was not perceived as impacting on law and order in general. This was unlike Lancashire, where the activities of poachers were regarded as being a threat to the fabric of society. The causes of these differences between the East Midlands and Lancashire were rooted in police practice, attitudes to game preservation, and differences in gentry sport and hunting. (Total words in thesis: 90,313) Acknowledgements Having begun to study history twenty years ago and finally submitted this thesis in retirement, there are many people to whom I am beholden.
    [Show full text]
  • BFC Scoping Comments-Letterhead
    June 12, 2015 Governor Steve Bullock Office of the Governor PO Box 200801 Helena MT 59620-0801 Superintendent Daniel Wenk Yellowstone National Park Yellowstone Bison Management Plan EIS PO Box 168 Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190 Dear Governor Steve Bullock and Superintendent Daniel Wenk, Buffalo Field Campaign is requesting the state of Montana and Yellowstone National Park evaluate managing wild buffalo like wild elk on public lands in Montana as an alternative in the Bison Management Plan. The Manage Wild Buffalo like Wild Elk in Montana alternative supports buffalo’s freedom to roam America’s public lands. The alternative would ensure wild buffalo are allowed to inhabit public lands and establish a population in Montana. Like wild elk, wild buffalo would be managed by hunting based on sustainable populations in available habitat in Montana. The habitat to sustain a wild buffalo population exists on public lands in Montana. What remains missing is a commitment by Montana's Governor to allow wild buffalo to inhabit National Forests and other public lands beyond Yellowstone National Park. As practiced by the state of Montana and Yellowstone National Park, adaptive management has been a dismal failure. Despite several changes to the plan, the framework continues to operate on faulty assumptions and outdated information. The public has roundly criticized adaptive management and an independent review by the U.S. Government Accountability Office found fundamental problems that persist to this day. We strongly encourage using the best available science to guide informed management decisions. The Manage Wild Buffalo like Wild Elk in Montana alternative meets the mandate from the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Settled and Unsettled Spaces: Are We Free to Roam?
    Australian Critical Race and Whiteness Studies Association Journal, Vol. 1, 2005 SETTLED AND UNSETTLED SPACES: ARE W E FREE TO ROAM? IRENE WATSON I want the reader to engage with a number how much do I retain and ”own‘ of my of questions. They are questions to which I sovereign Aboriginal self outside the body provide no answers. For I see that it is not of my being? Am I free to roam across my up to me to provide the answers–the country and to sing and to live with the responses and the resolutions should come land of my ancestors outside the body of from the community. But how problematic my Aboriginal being/community? Or will I is that? What and where is the community, live the life of the sovereign self only within and which community? The Aboriginal1 the mind, body and spirit, and in isolation community. But we are diverse, with many from country and community? Left to the languages, different country and ways of illusionary spaces of recognition within the being. When Aboriginal peoples‘ lives are settled colony. The sovereignty of the destroyed, uprooted, and displaced, the Aboriginal being forever a challenge to the call to community is to the gathering of settled spaces of the colony. broken and shattered pieces. So what Aboriginal community can be pieced In returning to the opening questions I together in this colonising space?2 To take have posed: that is, in thinking of the point further, what kind of Australian Aboriginal community who are we? What community do we have in this same and where is the community, and which colonised
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Real Property & the Law Correspondence Course Information
    2 Real Property 1 And the Law AlaskaRealEstateSchool.com Chapter 2 Real Property & the Law Correspondence Course Information Please read and become familiar with this information prior to the class date. This part of the class will be taken correspondence. You will be required to take a test on this information and the test must be returned prior to taking the classroom portion of the course. The remainder of the class may be taken in the classroom or by correspondence. If you have registered for the correspondence course, the test as well as the evaluation sheet must returned for grading and issuance of you graduation certificate. You may take the tests all at once or one chapter at a time. The test may be taken open book and the answer sheet must be sent back to: Email to [email protected] Or Fax to 866-659-8458 Or Mail to: AlaskaRealEstateSchool.com Attn: Denny Wood PO Box 241727 Anchorage, Alaska 99524-1727 copyright 2013 dwood 2 Real Property 2 And the Law AlaskaRealEstateSchool.com Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership in real property (land as distinct from personal or movable possessions) and in personal property, within the common law legal system. In the civil law system, there is a division between movable and immovable property. Movable property roughly corresponds to personal property, while immovable property corresponds to real estate or real property, and the associated rights and obligations thereon. The concept, idea or philosophy of property underlies all property law. In some jurisdictions, historically all property was owned by the monarch and it devolved through feudal land tenure or other feudal systems of loyalty and fealty.
    [Show full text]