Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment
The sensitivity of land around key settlements
Final Report Prepared by LUC July 2017
Project Title: Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment
Client: Dartmoor National Park Authority
Version Date Version Details Prepared by Checked by Approved by
V1 21.12.16 Draft report with pilot Katrina Davies, Katrina Davies Kate Ahern assessment Maria Grant
V2 22.02.17 Draft report Katrina Davies, Katrina Davies Kate Ahern Maria Grant
V3 17.07.17 Final report Katrina Davies, Sally Marshall Kate Ahern Maria Grant
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment
The sensitivity of land around key settlements
Final Report Prepared by LUC July 2017
Planning & EIA LUC BRISTOL Offices also in: Land Use Consultants Ltd Design 12th Floor Colston Tower Glasgow Registered in England Registered number: 2549296 Landscape Planning Colston Street Bristol Edinburgh Registered Office: Landscape Management BS1 4XE 43 Chalton Street Ecology T +44 (0)117 929 1997 London NW1 1JD Mapping & Visualisation [email protected] FS 566056 EMS 566057 LUC uses 100% recycled paper
Contents
1 Introduction 1 Background and purpose of this Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 1
2 Methodology 3 Defining the spatial framework for the assessment 3 Assessing landscape sensitivity 4 Making an overall judgement on levels of sensitivity 6 Structure of the Landscape Assessment Zone profiles 10 Summary of overall landscape sensitivity ratings 11
3 Landscape Assessment Zone profiles 12 Ashburton 14 Buckfastleigh 26 Chagford 36 Christow 49 Horrabridge and Yelverton 59 Mary Tavy 73 Moretonhampstead 85 Princetown 95 South Brent 107
Tables Table 2.1 Landscape and visual sensitivity assessment criteria 6 Table 2.2: The five-point scale of landscape sensitivity 6 Table 2.3: Overall landscape sensitivity rating, by Landscape Assessment Zone 11
Figures Figure 1.1 Location of settlements included within the sensitivity assessment 2 Figure 2.1: Landscape Assessment Zones 5
Executive summary
This Landscape Sensitivity Assessment (LSA) provides a comparative assessment of landscape quality around ten key settlements within Dartmoor National Park and determines the landscape’s sensitivity to built development. It identifies the key characteristics and features which make each area of landscape sensitive, and sets out a judgement of overall sensitivity to development. This information can be used to inform the siting, design and scale of future development to ensure it respects and is well integrated with existing landscape character. As with all assessments based upon data and information which is to a greater or lesser extent subjective, some caution is required in its interpretation. This is particularly to avoid the suggestion that certain landscape features or qualities can automatically be associated with certain sensitivities – the reality is that an assessment of landscape sensitivity is the result of a complex interplay of often unequally weighted variables (i.e. ‘criteria’). The Landscape Assessment Zones are likely to contain areas of higher and lower sensitivity within them that vary from the overall sensitivity rating. It is therefore very important to take note of the explanatory text supporting the assessments, including the summary of valued attributes, as set out in the individual Landscape Assessment Zone profiles in Chapter 3. Whilst the Landscape Sensitivity Assessment results provide an initial indication of landscape sensitivity, it should not be interpreted as a definitive statement on the suitability of individual sites for a particular development or land use change. All proposals will need to be assessed on their own merits. The Assessment provides useful guidance in respect of the consideration of individual sites, and will be of value in assessing potential options and alternatives for allocations in the local plan, and also for guiding planning applications in respect of particular sensitivities and mitigation. At a more strategic level, the Assessment demonstrates an overall sensitivity to development of the Dartmoor landscape surrounding the main settlements. The Assessment focuses on what are likely, in planning policy terms, to be considered the most appropriate locations for development. The study is one of sensitivity, not of capacity, but what may be concluded from the assessment is that there exists a level of sensitivity in the National Park context which limits the capacity for change or growth even in its most sustainable locations. This may provide helpful evidence when considering development opportunities in a sub-regional context. Importantly, though, the Assessment is a tool to guide decisions. It is not intended to prevent change in or around settlements in the National Park, but to recognise their sensitivity to development and assist applicants and decision makers in bringing forward good development in the most appropriate locations.
1 Introduction
Background and purpose of this Landscape Sensitivity Assessment
1.1 Dartmoor National Park Authority (DNPA) commissioned LUC in October 2016 to review and update the existing landscape character evidence base, culminating in an updated Landscape Character Assessment (April 2017) and this sensitivity assessment of the land around key settlements within the National Park. The Landscape Character Assessment is presented as a separate report and should be read as context to this landscape sensitivity assessment.
1.2 This Landscape Sensitivity Assessment (LSA) provides a comparative assessment of landscape quality around ten key settlements within Dartmoor National Park and determines the landscape’s sensitivity to built development. It identifies the key characteristics and features which make each area of landscape sensitive, and sets out a judgement of overall sensitivity to development. This information can be used to inform the siting, design and scale of future development to ensure it respects and is well integrated with existing landscape character.
1.3 This assessment does not make judgements on the appropriateness of specific developments on individual sites (and does not consider specific development proposals where these might exist), but can provide the context for more detailed studies of individual sites. It also provides an important evidence base to support the policies and proposals within the Local Plan. In particular, the information will be used to help inform the site allocations decision making process.
1.4 The ten National Park settlements that form the focus of this assessment are shown at Figure 1.1; these are:
Ashburton Buckfastleigh Chagford Horrabridge Moretonhampstead Princetown South Brent Yelverton Christow Mary Tavy
Structure of this report
1.5 The remainder of this report comprises:
Section 2 which presents the methodology for carrying out the LSA; Section 3 which presents a summary of the results; and
Section 4 which presents the detailed landscape zone assessments for each of the ten settlements.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 1 July 2017
2 Methodology
Defining the spatial framework for the assessment
Selection of key settlements
2.1 A list of key settlements for assessment was provided by DNPA based on and included the top tier of the settlement hierarchy in the adopted Local Plan; Dartmoor National Park’s ‘Local Centres’, plus two of the larger villages designated as ‘Rural Settlements’. These are listed below:
Ashburton Buckfastleigh Chagford Horrabridge Moretonhampstead Princetown
South Brent Yelverton and the following ten Rural Settlements:
Christow
Mary Tavy 2.2 These settlements were identified as the focus for the Landscape Sensitivity Assessment due to them being the most likely locations for new development within the National Park.
Defining study areas for each settlement
2.3 A 500m buffer was drawn around each settlement or settlement cluster (where settlements are closer than 1km apart, as is the case at Horrabridge and Yelverton) as a starting point for defining the settlement study areas. The settlement boundaries shown for each of the eight local centres are in line with the Local Plan boundaries, which provide clarification for the application of policies by identifying, in essence, the division between the built up area of the settlement and the surrounding open countryside. In the context of the Local Plan, a settlement boundary identifies whether a site proposed for development would be within, adjoining or outside of the Local Centre. Settlement boundaries therefore support policy by preventing the encroachment of development into the open countryside1.
2.4 Boundaries for Christow and Mary Tavy were drawn to be consistent with the methodology used for settlement boundaries around local centres. The inclusion of these settlements within this study does not imply or pre-empt an alteration to policy (e.g. settlement hierarchy), but is more an indication that the study is aiming to be policy neutral (simply looking at larger settlements, rather than the local centres exclusively).
Identifying Landscape Assessment Zones
2.5 The settlement study areas were then sub-divided into landscape assessment zones; their boundaries informed by following:
the boundaries of the Landscape Character Types (LCTs), as defined by the Landscape Character Assessment;
1 Taken from Dartmoor National Park Authority (March 2011) Settlement boundaries for Local Centres within Dartmoor National Park
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 3 July 2017
changes in topography or landscape character; and/or the presence of natural or man-made linear features such as field boundaries, rivers, streams or roads. The Landscape Assessment Zones were then further refined by:
limiting the landscape zones to those areas contained within barriers to development such as rivers and major roads; and
extending the zones where development pressures are potentially highest (for example as linear development along approach roads).
Approach for Ashburton
2.6 A Landscape Sensitivity and Capacity Study for Ashburton was published in June 20132. For compatibility, the outer boundaries of the Landscape Assessment Zones around Ashburton (within the National Park) are broadly consistent with those used in the 2013 study, noting that some of the units from the previous study have been amalgamated. Some refinements to the outer boundaries of the Landscape Assessment Zones have also been made to ensure that they follow landscape features such as roads and field boundaries – to be consistent with the other settlements covered by this study.
2.7 The final Landscape Assessment Zones are shown at Error! Reference source not found. and the individual assessment profiles for each, organised by settlement, are included in Chapter 3.
Assessing landscape sensitivity
Definition of ‘landscape sensitivity’
2.8 There is currently no prescribed method for assessing landscape sensitivity. However, the Landscape Character Assessment Guidance for England and Scotland Topic Paper 6: Techniques and Criteria for Judging Capacity and Sensitivity (Scottish Natural Heritage and the former Countryside Agency, 2004) is a discussion paper on landscape sensitivity and capacity and has informed LUC’s approaches over the years.
2.9 Paragraph 4.2 of Topic Paper 6 states that: ‘Judging landscape character sensitivity requires professional judgement about the degree to which the landscape in question is robust, in that it is able to accommodate change without adverse impacts on character. This involves making decisions about whether or not significant characteristic elements of the landscape will be liable to loss... and whether important aesthetic aspects of character will be liable to change’.
2.10 In this study the following definition of sensitivity has been used, which is based on the principles set out in Topic Paper 6. It is also compliant with the third edition of the Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (GLVIA 3, 2013) as well as definitions used in other landscape sensitivity studies of this type:
Landscape sensitivity is the relative extent to which the character and quality of an area (including its visual attributes) is likely to change.
Types of development considered This Landscape Sensitivity Assessment considers the landscape’s sensitivity to the ‘principle’ of built development, without knowing the specific size, type or exact location (as this would be detailed at the planning application level). This study considers the landscape’s sensitivity to the most likely type of developments to come forward in Dartmoor National Park, such as small scale residential developments (2-3 storey properties) or small scale commercial development (small scale office, or single light industrial warehouses). However, the results can equally be applied to a range of ‘change scenarios’.
2 Ashburton Landscape Sensitivity and Capacity Study. June 2013. Teignbridge District Council and Dartmoor National Park Authority
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 4 July 2017
A criteria-based assessment
2.11 In line with the recommendations in Topic Paper 6 and NPPF, the landscape sensitivity assessment is based on an assessment of landscape character using carefully defined criteria – drawing on the experience of other similar studies in Devon (e.g. Plymouth, Exeter and Torbay) and elsewhere in the UK. Criteria selection is based on the attributes of the landscape most likely to be affected by development, and considers both ‘landscape’ and ‘visual’ aspects of sensitivity. The criteria used by this study are defined in Table 2.1 overleaf, providing examples of the types of landscape character or features that could indicate low or high sensitivity against each.
Making an overall judgement on levels of sensitivity
2.12 A five-point rating from ‘low’ to high’ landscape sensitivity is used to illustrate overall levels of landscape sensitivity – i.e. how susceptible the character and quality of the landscape would be to change. Table 2.1: The five-point scale of landscape sensitivity
Sensitivity Definition
High The key characteristics and qualities of the landscape are highly sensitive to change.
Moderate-high The key characteristics and qualities of the landscape are sensitive to change.
Moderate Some of the key characteristics and qualities of the landscape are sensitive to change.
Low-moderate Few of the key characteristics and qualities of the landscape are sensitive to change.
Low The key characteristics and qualities of the landscape are robust and are unlikely to be subject to change.
2.13 As with all assessments based upon data and information which is to a greater or lesser extent subjective, some caution is required in its interpretation. This is particularly to avoid the suggestion that certain landscape features or qualities can automatically be associated with certain sensitivities – the reality is that an assessment of landscape sensitivity is the result of a complex interplay of often unequally weighted variables (i.e. ‘criteria’).
2.14 Each Landscape Assessment Zone is assessed against each criterion in turn, with explanatory text indicating specific locations, features or attributes of lower or higher sensitivity. A scoring approach is not applied against each separate criterion, but an overall assessment ‘rating’ (using the five- point scale above) is outlined, taking account of the inter-relationships between the criteria and the specific characteristics of the Landscape Assessment Zone being assessed. The Landscape Assessment Zones are likely to contain areas of higher and lower sensitivity within them that vary from the overall sensitivity rating. It is therefore very important to take note of the explanatory text supporting the assessments, including the summary of valued attributes, as set out in the individual Landscape Assessment Zone profiles in Chapter 3. Whilst the Landscape Sensitivity Assessment results provide an initial indication of landscape sensitivity, it should not be interpreted as a definitive statement on the suitability of individual sites for a particular development or land use change. All proposals will need to be assessed on their own merits.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 6 July 2017
Table 2.2: Landscape and visual sensitivity assessment criteria
Topography and scale (landform and overlying landscape pattern/ features): This considers the shape and scale of the landform, integrity of the landscape pattern and landscape elements in relation to the scale of potential development. Please note that this criterion needs to be considered against the scale of development proposed and alongside the other criteria detailed below. For example, larger scale, simple landforms are likely to be less sensitive to larger scale developments than smaller scale, enclosed landforms (where developments could appear out of scale with the underlying landform). Conversely, smaller developments may be able to be screened within enclosed landforms, therefore reducing landscape sensitivity. Existing small- scale features in the landscape in the form of existing buildings or trees will also influence the scale of development that can be accommodated in the landscape, and could equally provide a screening benefit.
Low sensitivity Low-moderate sensitivity Moderate sensitivity Moderate-high sensitivity High sensitivity e.g. the landscape has flat, e.g. the landscape has an e.g. the landscape zone has gently undulating or undulating landform and a dramatic landform or featureless landform with some distinct landform distinct landform features uniform large-scale features; it is overlain by a (such as tors) that contribute landscape pattern and low mixture of small-scale and to landscape character; the density of overlying larger scale field patterns area has a high density of landscape features. and a moderate density of small-scale landscape small-scale landscape features and is overlain by a
features. small-scale field pattern.
Natural character: This criterion considers the ‘natural’ qualities of the landscape zone in terms of the coverage of semi-natural habitats and valued natural features distinctive to the Dartmoor landscape (e.g. open moorland, trees, Devon hedgebanks, woodland) which could be vulnerable to loss from development.
Low sensitivity Low-moderate sensitivity Moderate sensitivity Moderate-high sensitivity High sensitivity e.g. much of the landscape is e.g. there are areas of e.g. large areas of the intensively farmed or valued semi-natural habitats landscape are nationally or developed with little semi- and features found in parts internationally designated for natural habitat coverage and of the landscape, whilst other their nature conservation few valued natural features. parts are intensively farmed interest; there is a frequent or developed. occurrence of valued natural features across the landscape.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 7 July 2017
Sense of time depth / historic character: This considers the extent to which the landscape has ‘time-depth’ (a sense of being an historic landscape, with reference to the Devon Historic Landscape Characterisation and Dartmoor’s Premier Archaeological Landscapes (PALs)) and/or the presence of heritage assets that are important to landscape character (e.g. Conservation Areas, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings or other non-designated features described in the landscape character assessment).
Low sensitivity Low-moderate sensitivity Moderate sensitivity Moderate-high sensitivity High sensitivity e.g. a landscape with e.g. a landscape with some e.g. a landscape with a high relatively few historic visible historic features of density of historic features features important to the importance to character, and important to the character of character of the area and a variety of time depths. the area and strong sense of little time depth (i.e. large time depth (e.g. large coverage of fields of recent coverage of unenclosed origin). moorland/rough ground or medieval fields).
Visual character: This considers the visual prominence of the Landscape Assessment Zone reflecting the extent of openness or enclosure in the landscape (due to landform or land cover), and the degree of intervisibility with the surrounding landscape and adjacent settlement - i.e. considering the extent to which potential development would be visible and/or the impact development would have on the visual setting of a settlement. It also considers the skyline character of the zone, including whether it forms a visually distinctive skyline or an important undeveloped skyline.
Low sensitivity Low-moderate sensitivity Moderate sensitivity Moderate-high sensitivity High sensitivity e.g. the landscape is e.g. the landscape is semi- e.g. the landscape is open enclosed/ visually contained enclosed or has some and/ or has a high degree of and/or has a low degree of enclosed and some open visibility from surrounding visibility from surrounding areas; it has some inter- landscapes and the landscapes, and the area visibility with surrounding settlement. It forms a does not form a visually landscapes, and may have visually distinctive skyline or distinctive or important some visually distinctive or an important undeveloped undeveloped skyline or undeveloped skylines that skyline. backdrop to the settlement. form part of the setting of the settlement.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 8 July 2017
Perceptual and experiential qualities: This considers qualities such as rural characteristics (traditional land uses with few modern, human influences), sense of remoteness or tranquillity. Consistently high scenic value across the zone, perceived naturalness, freedom from human activity/disturbance and ‘dark night skies’ would all increase landscape sensitivity in relation to this criterion.
Low sensitivity Low-moderate sensitivity Moderate sensitivity Moderate-high sensitivity High sensitivity e.g. the area is significantly e.g. A predominantly rural e.g.A tranquil or highly rural influenced by development/ landscape with occasional landscape, lacking strong human activity, where new modern elements and human intrusive elements. Dark development would not be influences. night skies and a high out of character. perceived degree of tranquillity with few modern human influences and high scenic value.
Settlement pattern and edge character
This considers the overall settlement pattern of the Landscape Assessment Zone and the edge of the settlement it lies adjacent to, considering whether development would be in accordance with the general settlement form/pattern, and how it might affect the character of the existing settlement edge.
Low sensitivity Low-moderate sensitivity Moderate sensitivity Moderate-high sensitivity High sensitivity e.g. development in the e.g. development in the e.g. development in the landscape would have a good landscape may be slightly at landscape would have a poor relationship with the existing odds with the existing relationship with the existing settlement pattern, and settlement pattern, and may settlement pattern, and could integrate well with the adversely affect the existing would adversely affect the existing settlement edge. settlement edge to some existing settlement edge extent. (e.g. the settlement edge may be historic and have an important relationship to the adjacent countryside). The landscape may provide an important separation function between settlements.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 9 July 2017
Sensitivity ratings in the context of National Park designation
2.15 The ratings for this landscape sensitivity assessment have been applied within the context of the National Park. The Dartmoor landscape is recognised for its nationally important special qualities through designation. Conserving and enhancing these special qualities, whilst responding to change and meeting the needs of the local communities, is the principal role of the National Park Authority. Relative to areas outside the National Park, the landscape is of greater importance and by virtue of its quality and designation vulnerable to inappropriate change. However it would not be appropriate to automatically assess everywhere in the National Park as ‘high sensitivity’ and the character and quality of the landscape in some Landscape Assessment Zones, particularly on the immediate fringes of some of the larger settlements such as Ashburton and Buckfastleigh, has been assessed as having a lower sensitivity.
2.16 It is also important to recognise that there are always cases where well-designed and proportioned development can be sensitively accommodated into highly sensitive landscapes and cases where poor development will result in adverse impacts even in low sensitivity landscapes.
Structure of the Landscape Assessment Zone profiles
2.17 The Landscape Assessment Zone profiles in Chapter 3 are grouped by settlement (or settlement cluster in the case of Horrabridge and Yelverton). Each settlement is presented with information on its location, character and brief history of its development together with a summary of relevant valued landscape attributes, qualities and features for the study area3. This information is accompanied by a map showing the location of the settlement and its Landscape Assessment Zones in relation to its wider context. A historic OS map (dated from 1864) is also included as an indication of how the settlement has changed over the past 120 years or so. For Ashburton and Buckfastleigh, which sit tight against the boundary of the National Park, additional information on the character of the landscape beyond the National Park boundary is included (even though these areas fall under the jurisdiction of the neighbouring local planning authority). DNPA will continue to work collaboratively and co-operatively with adjoining local planning authorities to consider these areas and the wider setting of the National Park. It is important to note that the fact that the areas are not assessed in terms of sensitivity, does not necessarily deem them less sensitive to development.
2.18 This introduction is followed by the sensitivity profiles for each Landscape Assessment Zone found adjacent to the settlement. Each profile starts with a map showing the Landscape Assessment Zone, clearly showing its relationship to the settlement and its wider context, as well as the key designations within or adjacent to the zone that represent a constraint to development (Conservation Areas, Scheduled Monuments, international/local landscape and conservation designations, access land and flood zones). This is accompanied by representative photographs of the Landscape Assessment Zone, including important views to and from the adjacent settlement.
2.19 The next section sets out a short written summary of the zone’s location and landscape character context, followed by a description of the Landscape Assessment Zone against the sensitivity assessment criteria. This is followed by an evaluation of the zone’s overall landscape sensitivity (using the five-point scale explained earlier in this chapter), drawing on the information from the individual criteria assessments. The evaluation includes details of locations or attributes of higher or lower sensitivity to the overall rating, where appropriate.
3 Landscape attributes, qualities and features were derived from the valued attributes listed for each Landscape Character Type around each settlement (Dartmoor Landscape Character Assessment (2017)) judged to be of relevance to each settlement as well as landscape features listed within Conservation Area Appraisals.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 10 July 2017
Summary of overall landscape sensitivity ratings
2.20 Table 2.3 below sets out the overall landscape sensitivity ratings for each of the Landscape Assessment Zones, organised by settlement. Chapter 3 follows with the Landscape Assessment Zone profiles, also organised by settlement.
Table 2.3: Overall landscape sensitivity rating, by Landscape Assessment Zone
Landscape Zone Overall landscape sensitivity rating
Ashburton
A1 H A2 H A3 H A4 L-M Buckfastleigh
B1 M-H B2 H B3 H Chagford
C1 H C2 H C3 H Christow
CH1 H CH2 H Horrabridge/Yelverton
HY1 H HY2 H HY3 M-H HY4 M-H HY5 H Mary Tavy
MT1 H MT2 H MT3 H Moretonhampstead
MO1 H MO2 M-H Princetown
P1 H P2 H P3 H South Brent
S1 H S2 M-H S3 H
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 11 July 2017
3 Landscape Assessment Zone profiles
3.1 The Landscape Assessment Zone profiles are grouped by settlement – see the contents table below.
Settlement/settlement cluster Page number
Ashburton 13
Buckfastleigh 25
Chagford 35
Christow 48
Horrabridge/Yelverton 59
Mary Tavy 72
Moretonhampstead 84
Princetown 94
South Brent 104
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 12 July 2017
Ashburton
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 13 July 2017
Ashburton
Location and Description Ashburton is the largest of the settlements within Dartmoor National Park and is located on the River Ashburn, nestled between hills and ridges. Documented in the Domesday Book, Ashburton served as both a market town and a stannary town where tin was weighed, taxed and stamped. The wool industry was also important historically. Physically, the settlement has a linear form which is shaped by the river, the surrounding valley sides and the A38 on the southern edge. Quarrying for limestone has been significant in the town for around 50 years, with Linhay Hill Quarry occupying a large site to the north east of the town.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 14 July 2017
Historic map (Ordinance Survey 1864-1889)
Representative photographs of the settlement
Great Bridge View along Headborough Road
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 15 July 2017
Valued attributes
Overall summary of relevant valued attributes, landscape features and qualities for the study area
The following landscape attributes and features would be particularly sensitive to change:
Steep, prominent slopes of the ridges which rise above the settlement forming a valued backdrop. Valued semi-natural habitats including wet rush pasture associated with stream valleys, mature hedgerows and ancient broadleaved woodland.
Intact medieval field patterns, with fields enclosed by a strong network of hedgerows. Distinctive burgage plots on the northern edge of the settlement.
Long views across the settlement and the wider landscape from higher ground. The distinctive setting the landscape provides to the historic core of Ashburton. The heritage features of the landscape, including historic farmhouses and an Iron Age Hill Fort. Strong rural qualities, with high levels of tranquillity.
Landscape context beyond the National Park boundary
Summary of landscape surrounding Ashburton outside of the Dartmoor National Park boundary
The south-eastern edge of Ashburton is defined by the A38 dual carriageway. The land slopes up in a south easterly direction, with a series of undulating hills and ridges separated by small streams. A mix of primarily pasture fields with some arable is divided into a small-medium scale field pattern by hedgerows with occasional trees. A patch of broadleaved woodland is located at Yolland Hill. Narrow winding lanes (which often follow contour lines) provide access to farms scattered across the rural landscape.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 16 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: A1
Representative photographs
View of hill from Terrace Walk Sloping pastoral farmland viewed from Dartmoor Lodge Hotel
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 17 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the south west of Ashburton lies within LCT 3A Upper Farmed and Wooded Valley Slopes. The landscape is focused on a rounded hill and stream valley slopes which are primarily overlain by pastoral farmland. The slopes are highly prominent from the settlement and the surrounding area.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone consists of a steep rounded hill with a small valley carved by a stream creating a dramatic, steeply sloping landform. The intricate land cover pattern creates a small-scale landscape.
Natural character The landscape has a well-wooded character, with numerous trees in hedgerows and riparian woodland along the stream corridor. Woodland is also associated with steeper slopes and the grounds of historic properties including Knowle Farmstead. The dense network of hedgerows that divide the fields also contribute positively to semi-natural character, which would be sensitive to change.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that much of this area is characterised by a strong historic character pattern of medieval enclosures based on strip fields with post-medieval enclosures found around Summerhill. The prominent hill is locally designated as an Area of Historic Setting and is immediately adjacent to Ashburton Conservation Area. The great time-depth of this landscape would be sensitive to development-led change.
Visual character There are long views out from the higher slopes and hill summit, in particular to the ridgeline to the north east. The landscape is highly visible from the existing settlement, forming a backdrop in views.
Perceptual and experiential This is a highly scenic landscape, with high levels of tranquillity and a sense qualities of exposure on open, higher ground. Along some of the roads and footpaths there is a strong sense of enclosure due to the landform and woodland cover.
Settlement pattern and The dramatic slopes of the hill contain and form a backdrop to the edge character settlement, including parts of the historic edge to the settlement. It is noted as a significant part of the historic setting to the settlement in the Conservation Area Appraisal. Modern development at Westabrook is out of keeping with the historic settlement pattern. There is also some linear development along Knowle Close to the west of the hill, although this is very low density.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
L L-M M M-H H
The dramatic hill landform, intact medieval field pattern divided by a strong network of hedgerows with many trees, high levels of intervisibility with other hills surrounding Ashburton, rural backdrop, historic setting provided to the settlement, and strong rural character, result in a landscape of overall high sensitivity.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 18 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: A2
Representative photographs
View north west towards Rewdown Cross Mature hedgerow and in-field trees near Rew Road
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 19 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the north and north west of Ashburton lies within LCT 3A Upper Farmed and Wooded Valley Slopes. The landscape comprises the slopes of the River Ashburn valley and is characterised by pasture fields with many hedgerows and trees.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone comprises gently undulating and sloping land crossed by tributary streams on lower ground and overlain by pasture divided by small- medium sized fields, which present sensitivity to change.
Natural character Within the landscape zone there is a frequent occurrence of valued natural features which are vulnerable to loss, including species-rich hedge banks with individual and linear groups of trees, which enclose the fields and narrow lanes mature in-field trees and wet grassland adjacent to the streams.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that this area is characterised by a mixture of historic character amalgamated enclosures, medieval enclosures and medieval enclosures based on strip fields. The medieval enclosures are intact and create sensitivity to change. The landscape zone contains a number of historic farmsteads which are Grade I and II listed buildings.
Visual character The gentle slopes are not as visually prominent as those located to the south of this zone, although they are overlooked from higher ground so potential development could be visible in long views. This area is visually disconnected from much of the main settlement by the ridgeline to south. Views of Westabrook are more prominent.
Perceptual and This landscape has strong rural qualities with limited human influence and experiential qualities high perceived levels of tranquillity. There are some large modern farm buildings and sub-divided fields with post and wire fencing which would be less sensitive to change.
Settlement pattern and This landscape is not adjacent to the historic core of the settlement, edge character although it does provide part of the wider rural setting to Ashburton. Away from the main settlement are a number of scattered farmsteads and isolated dwellings. The settlement edge of Westabrook is modern in origin and not overly sensitive, although the landscape provides separation between Westabrook and Hele Cross.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
L L-M M M-H H
The sloping landform, historic character (resulting from intact medieval field patterns and historic farm buildings), natural features including numerous mature in-field trees and rural character with high levels of tranquillity, result in a landscape of overall high sensitivity. The modern development on the edges of Westabrook is less sensitive.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 20 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: A3
Representative photographs
View north east from Terrace Walk View towards Place Wood from north of Linhay Quarry
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 21 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the north and north east of Ashburton lies within LCT 3A Upper Farmed and Wooded Valley Slopes. The landscape comprises prominent hills and ridges on the northern edge of Ashburton, which are mostly pastoral farmland divided by a dense network of Devon banks with hedgerows and occasional pockets of broadleaved woodland.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone is steeply sloping with hills and ridges, overlain by pasture laid out in small-medium sized fields.
Natural character There is a frequent occurrence of valued natural features, including thick hedgebanks with frequent hedgerow trees which bound narrow lanes and fields, broadleaved woodland at Place Wood (locally designated as Woodland of Conservation Importance) and patches of gorse high on the hills which gives an upland character. These features are vulnerable to change.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that this landscape zone is characterised by a mixture of historic character post-medieval, medieval enclosures based on strip-fields and amalgamated fields. Medieval burgage plot enclosures are a notable feature in the south west of the landscape zone and would be highly sensitive to change. Other valued heritage features include the remains of an Iron Age hillfort at Place Wood. The zone provides a direct setting to Ashburton Conservation Area and the settlement’s historic core, with the western part of the zone also designated as an Area of Historic Setting.
Visual character The slopes overlook and are extremely prominent from the existing settlement. Some localised areas are visually enclosed by hedgerows and trees.
Perceptual and This is a highly scenic landscape, with a strong rural character and high experiential qualities levels of tranquillity. The higher ground is exposed to the elements. In places, traffic noise from the A38 dual carriageway can be intrusive.
Settlement pattern and The landscape zone forms an important hillside backdrop to Ashburton and edge character the topography contains the settlement. Burgage fields on the hillside provide a distinctive setting to the historic core of the settlement. Scattered farmsteads are located outside the settlement boundaries.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
L L-M M M-H H
The dramatic sloping landform, numerous valued natural features (including hedgerows, mature trees and broadleaved woodland), intact historic field pattern, heritage features (including remains of an Iron Age hill fort), long views out from the landscape, prominent and historic backdrop provided to Ashburton and strongly rural character, result in a landscape of high overall sensitivity.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 22 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: A4
Representative photographs
Screen planting to the north of the quarry Restored grassland in the north of the zone
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 23 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the north east of Ashburton lies within LCT 3A Upper Farmed and Wooded Valley Slopes. The landscape is focused on Linhay Hill Quarry, which remains active.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone encompasses the active limestone quarry of Linhay Hill Quarry. The pit is low-lying with bare, steep rock faces, benches, lagoons, spoil heaps and industrial buildings. Areas of restored grassland in the north of the area are steeply sloping and prominent from adjacent farmland, creating localised sensitivity.
Natural character The quarry pit itself lacks any naturalistic qualities but it is surrounded by belts of naturally regenerated woodland and screen planting, with some areas of restored grassland including rush pasture grazed by cattle.
Sense of time depth / The landscape has limited heritage value. historic character
Visual character The zone is visually enclosed from close views due to landform and woodland but with visibility from nearby high ground and the road to the north east. The steep slopes of the restored grassland in the north of the zone are prominent from adjacent farmland.
Perceptual and The noise and movement associated with a working quarry reduces levels of experiential qualities tranquillity although the restored grassland and woodland along the north edge of the quarry can feel rural and far removed from the working pit.
Settlement pattern and The quarry pit creates a definitive edge to the north east of Ashburton. The edge character landscape zone does not make a significant contribution to settlement character as it is not prominent in views.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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This landscape is assessed as having an overall low-moderate sensitivity, due to the lack of natural land cover and features across much of the zone, the low lying topography and absence of rural and tranquil qualities (excepting some of the restored areas). The steep slopes, woodland and wet grassland in the restored areas of the pit would be of higher sensitivity.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 24 July 2017
Buckfastleigh
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 25 July 2017
Buckfastleigh
Location and Description Buckfastleigh is located in the south east of Dartmoor National Park, adjacent to the Dart and Mardle rivers. The town is nestled into the valleys with the land rising up either side of the settlement. The valley of the River Mardle is cloaked in woodland and is a naturalistic, scenic feature. The market town is medieval in origin, with the rivers historically supporting a number of mills used for processing a variety of materials, including wool, corn and paper. A tannery is also located along the river, and is still in use today. A Conservation Area covers around half of the town. In the latter half of the 20th century, significant development took place in Buckfastleigh – to both the north and the south of the historic core along the River Mardle.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 26 July 2017
Historic map (Ordinance Survey 1864-1889)
Representative photographs of the settlement
Houses off Fore Street View over Lower Town from the allotments
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 27 July 2017
Valued attributes
Overall summary of relevant valued attributes, landscape features and qualities for the study area
The following landscape attributes and features would be particularly sensitive to change:
Steep slopes of the Mardle and Dart valleys, which contain and separate the settlements of Buckfastleigh and Buckfast.
Pastoral character with a strong pattern of medieval enclosures bounded by an intact network of thick hedgerows.
The heritage features of the landscape, including the prominent ruins of Holy Trinity Church. Long views from higher elevations, including across the settlement and to the Dartmoor uplands. Valued semi-natural habitats including internationally important cave habitats, water meadow and ancient woodland.
Strong rural qualities, with high levels of tranquillity.
Landscape context beyond the National Park boundary
Summary of landscape surrounding Buckfastleigh outside of the Dartmoor National Park boundary
The eastern edge of Buckfastleigh is defined by the A38 dual carriageway, with the land steeply sloping up in a south easterly direction. Land cover comprises medium-scale pasture fields separated by a network of hedgerows. Exposed rock faces associated with quarrying activity are visible on the slopes. The landscape has a well-wooded character, with mixed woodland found on slopes and in copses. Narrow rural lanes contrast with the major highway of the A38. There is some linear residential development along Colston Road, but the landscape is otherwise sparsely settled with isolated farmhouses.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 28 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: B1
Representative photographs
View from Duckspond Road towards houses at Fullaford Park View north west from Duckspond Road
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 29 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the south west of Buckfastleigh lies within LCT 5A: Inland Elevated Undulating Land. This is a large-scale, broad landscape characterised by arable fields, with long open views over Buckfastleigh.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone has a broad landform, which slopes up towards the expanse of moorland located several kilometres to the east. Elevation ranges between 60 and 140 metres AOD. The overlying field pattern is large in scale.
Natural character The landscape zone primarily consists of arable farmland. Fields are enclosed by low hedges. There is limited woodland within the landscape zone, with trees associated with properties and rough grazing land to the south of Wallaford Road, as well as along field boundaries – particularly those adjacent to existing settlement.
Sense of time depth / The HLC shows that this landscape consists of large enclosures that are historic character likely to have been created through the altering and amalgamation of post- medieval field patterns. There are limited historic features in the landscape; a Grade II listed farmhouse is located along Plymouth Road (B3380) in Upper Dean.
Visual character There are long, open views from higher ground, including to the upland moorland to the north-west (e.g. Brent Moor). Views also overlook the existing settlement to the exposed rock faces on the valley side the other side of the A38 (in Teignbridge district), as well as the slopes to the north east of the settlement, including the spire of Holy Trinity Church (in Landscape Assessment Zone B3). The prominent view back to the landscape zone from Buckfastleigh would be sensitive to change.
Perceptual and There is a sense of openness and exposure, particularly on higher ground, experiential qualities resulting in big, open skies. Generally rural and tranquil, with few human influences, although noise from the adjacent A38 detracts from tranquillity locally.
Settlement pattern and The edge of existing development along Timbers Road and Tweenaways is edge character softened by hedgerows and trees. New development at Fullford Park forms a harder edge and is less well integrated into the landscape. There is no historic settlement edge adjacent to this landscape zone. This landscape zone provides separation between Buckfastleigh and existing dwellings at Upper/Lower Dean. The continuation of linear development along Plymouth Road could lead to the merging of Buckfastleigh and Upper/Lower Dean, and would therefore be sensitive.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The prominent sloping landform, sense of openness and exposure and long views to the upland moorland result in an overall moderate-high landscape sensitivity. Sensitivity is reduced slightly (from the ‘high’ rating) by the lack of historic field patterns and limited naturalistic features in the landscape.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 30 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: B2
Representative photographs
Watermeadow adjacent to the River Mardle View south towards Buckfastleigh from Cricket Lane
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 31 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the west and north west of Buckfastleigh lies within LCT 3A: Upper Farmed and Wooded Valley Slopes and 3D: Upland River Valleys. The zone is based around the Mardle Valley, with the steep valley sides cloaked in woodland and water meadows on the valley floor. Elsewhere the landscape is characterised by small-scale pastoral fields enclosed by a network of hedgerows.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale This landscape zone is focused on the valley of the River Mardle with the land sloping up steeply either side of the river. The overlying woodland and small scale field pattern create a small-scale, intimate landscape.
Natural character Wetland habitats (including water meadow) associated with the River Mardle may be vulnerable to loss from development. Dense deciduous woodland which is ancient in origin lines the valley corridor. The strong hedgerow network also contributes to the natural qualities of the landscape.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that this area has a mixture of amalgamated enclosures, historic character medieval enclosures based on strip fields, medieval water meadow on the valley floor and ancient woodland. The landscape provides a direct setting to the Buckfastleigh Conservation Area. The valley of the River Mardle is designated as an Area of Historic setting.
Visual character The valley is incised and not visually prominent within the landscape, with limited views out due to woodland cover. From higher ground either side of the valley there are long views over the settlement and towards the Dartmoor uplands.
Perceptual and This is a highly scenic, rural, pastoral landscape. Dense woodland cover creates experiential qualities an enclosed and naturalistic landscape in the valley, with high levels of tranquillity. The sense of enclosure contrasts with exposure experienced on higher elevations. There are some urban fringe influences including sports fields and horsiculture along Cricket Lane.
Settlement pattern and The existing settlement (particularly the historic core) is focused on the lower edge character elevations of the valley, although more recent development has begun to occupy higher ground between the two rivers at Glebelands. The historic settlement edge on the eastern side of Buckfastleigh is well integrated into the landscape and screened by woodland and is a sensitive feature. 20th century development at Oaklands Park forms a hard urban edge in places and is not as sensitive to change in terms of settlement edge character.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The intricate valley landform, presence of valued semi-natural habitats including ancient broadleaved woodland and water meadow, medieval field patterns, high levels of tranquillity and important setting the valley provides to the historic core of Buckfastleigh result in a landscape of high sensitivity overall. Some areas are less sensitive due to urban fringe influences (along Cricket Lane) and hard urban edges, including 20th century settlements on higher ground such as Oaklands Park.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 32 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: B3
Representative photographs
Ruins of Holy Trinity Church View north west from Church Cross Road towards Dartmoor uplands
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 33 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the north east of Buckfastleigh encompasses the steep slopes of the River Mardle valley and falls within LCT 3A: Upper Farmed and Wooded Valley Slopes and 3F:Settled Valley Floors. The landscape forms a ridge between Buckfastleigh and Buckfast (which are found at lower elevations) and has a strong pastoral character, with limited human influence and many naturalistic qualities.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone slopes steeply down in an easterly direction towards Buckfast and the River Dart forming a ridge which contains the village below. The overlying field pattern is of both regular and irregular small-scale fields.
Natural character Buckfastleigh Caves are designated as a SSSI and SAC and are of geological and biological interest; containing extensive fossil remains of now-extinct prehistoric mammals in Britain and now home to Britain’s largest colony of Greater Horseshoe Bats. A County Wildlife Site which supports populations of Deptford Pink is located next to Mardle Lane. The pastoral fields bounded by hedgerows with mature trees also create a valued naturalistic quality to the landscape zone.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that this area is characterised by Barton fields and historic character medieval enclosures based on strip fields. The landscape forms a direct setting to the Buckfastleigh Conservation Area. The ruins of Holy Trinity Church which was destroyed in an arson attack in 1992 are located on the higher ground and are designated a Grade II* listed building, with the spire forming a local landmark and skyline feature. Disused quarries are also found in the landscape, providing evidence of the area’s industrial heritage.
Visual character The landscape is prominent from both Buckfastleigh and Buckfast and from higher ground there are views over both settlements. The views from the footpath next to the allotments are noted as being of importance in the Buckfastleigh Conservation Area appraisal.
Perceptual and This is a highly scenic and rural farmland landscape. There are few human experiential qualities influences which results in sensitivity to change. A telecommunications mast at the top of the slope is a visually detracting feature in close views.
Settlement pattern and The steep slope contains and forms a backdrop and separates the edge character settlements of Buckfastleigh and Buckfast and is adjacent to the historic settlement edge of the Conservation Area. Residential development on the higher ground of the zone would be visually prominent and disconnected from both settlements which are nestled around rivers on lower ground.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The steeply sloping landform, intact small-scale historic field patterns, valued heritage features, internationally important caves, high levels of tranquillity and the key role the landscape provides to the separation of Buckfastleigh and Buckfast results in a landscape of high overall sensitivity.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 34 July 2017
Chagford
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 35 July 2017
Chagford
Location and Description The small stannary town of Chagford is located in the north of the National Park on the River Teign where it flows eastwards off the north-east edge of the Dartmoor’s high moor. The town sits on the north facing slope of the river valley and is enclosed by rolling hills, with open heathland commons rising above the town to the south. The landscape is characterised by an intricate pattern of medieval fields with post- medieval hedgebanks enclosing small fields of pasture and rough grazing. The town has a long association with the tin industry. In 1305 it was chosen as one of the three stannary towns (where smelted tin was assayed, stamped and taxed) and there is still evidence of open ‘streaming’ in Biera Wood and Bellacouch Meadows to the north east. Located on the main route out of Exeter towards Tavistock, the town was also a centre of the Devon woollen industry. The town today has grown from three small village-like centres resulting in scattered groupings of buildings of similar type or period from the 16th to the 19th century. Chagford has maintained its historic identity with traditional granite buildings, many of them rendered, with sash windows and grey-blue slate or thatch roofs.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 36 July 2017
Historic map (Ordinance Survey 1864-1889)
Representative photographs of the settlement
New Street Parish church and Mill Street
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 37 July 2017
Valued attributes
Overall summary of relevant valued attributes, landscape features and qualities for the study area
The following landscape attributes and features would be particularly sensitive to change:
A rich and intricate landscape full of contrasts between the open moorland, wooded parkland and sheltered river valley floor.
Strong pattern of medieval fields with prominent Devon hedgebanks or dry stone walls. Pastoral character of fields contrasting with areas of open heathy moorland, wooded parkland and lowland meadows.
Proximity to the historic settlement edge which contains numerous listed buildings with a strong local vernacular of granite, colourwash and slate.
Spectacular views to the high moorland to the south the town and across the Teign valley. Valued features associated with the area’s industrial heritage and historic land uses. Its high scenic value with strong perceptions of tranquillity and remoteness.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 38 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: C1
Representative photographs
Padley Common Nattadon Common looking west to Meldon Common
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 39 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone is located to the south west of Chagford, located within LCT 2D: Moorland Edge Slopes. It consists of a series of slopes and rolling hills on the edge of the moorland. Small stone-walled pastoral fields extend from the edge of the town to the lowland fens on Padley Common, rising steeply towards the open moorlands further south.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone has a dramatic and rugged landform, rising steeply to over 300m on the heathy common south of the town (Nattadon Common). The landform is overlain by a small-scale field pattern bounded by dry stone walls immediately along the western settlement edge at New Street, whilst traditional unenclosed commons contribute greatly to character.
Natural character There is a frequent occurrence of valued natural features, including deciduous copses, the open grass moorland on Meldon Common and Nattadon Common (locally designated as Moorland of Conservation Interest), lowland fens and linear woodland following a small tributary stream within Padley Common. These features could be vulnerable to loss from development.
Sense of time depth / There is a strong historic sense of place presented through a number of historic character visible features. These include an Iron Age hill fort on Nattadon Common, a rich scattering of listed buildings along the settlement edge within the Conservation Area, medieval burgage plots to the east and small pastoral fields bounded by high dry stone walls west of the settlement edge. A small area of irregular medieval enclosures based on strip fields lies to the south of the settlement edge, enclosed between the heathland of Nattadon Common and Padley Common.
Visual character There is a high degree of intervisibility between the town and the sharply rising slopes of the open commons to the south, and spectacular views over Chagford to the farmed slopes of the Teign Valley from the higher slopes on Nattadon Common. Potential development on the edge of the town could be visible in views from the valley slopes.
Perceptual and This is a strongly rural and highly scenic landscape; the pastoral character of experiential qualities the fields contrasting with areas of heather moorland. The heathland commons frame the town and reinforce the landscape’s Dartmoor character. The area has a high perceived degree of tranquillity with few human influences.
Settlement pattern and The historic core of Chagford (Conservation Area) extends south along New edge character Street, beyond the settlement edge to include an area of pastoral fields to the west. Much of the settlement edge is a mix of attractive historic buildings with a strong local vernacular of granite, colourwash and slate with views through gaps in-between buildings to the surrounding countryside. The small 20th century housing development (Meldon Road/Nattadon Road) on the southernmost edge of the town presents a harder edge.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The dramatic landform and traditional landscape pattern of stone-walled fields and open traditionally
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 40 July 2017 managed commons, the rich pattern of natural features (open grass moorland, lowland fens and deciduous woodland), historic character (resulting from historic settlement edge and historic field patterns included within the Chagford Conversation Area), intervisibility with the wider Teign Valley landscape, and strongly rural character result in a landscape of high overall sensitivity.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 41 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: C2
Representative photographs
Manor Road looking north west Meadows along the River Teign from Rushford Bridge
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 42 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone located to the north of Chagford lies within LCT 2D: Moorland Edge Slopes and extends northwards to the Teign river valley, which is classified as within 3D: Upland River Valleys. The rolling pastoral farmland slopes down from the northern edge of town to the flat river valley. The tree fringed River Teign winds along the northern boundary of the zone.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The rolling valley slope, incised by small tributary streams, descends to a flat river valley crossed by ditches. The landform is overlain by a strong pattern of small irregular pastoral fields bounded by Devon hedgebanks and interspersed with small woodland copses.
Natural character There is a mix of valued natural features including scattered small broadleaf copses and broadleaved woodland which line the fast-flowing River Teign and its small tributary streams and lowland meadows and rush pasture in the wet river valley. The fields and narrow lanes are bounded by species-rich Devon hedgebanks topped by mature hedgerow trees. There are a number of traditional orchards - a legacy of the soft fruit industry in the area. These are all sensitive features that could be vulnerable to loss.
Sense of time depth / The river valley floor is characterised by unenclosed water meadows of late historic character medieval and/or post-medieval origin. The valley sides are overlain with a small-scale pattern of medieval enclosures based on strip fields. mmediately north west and north east of settlement edge are fields laid out in the 18th and 19th century, and around Teign Marsh larger field enclosures have been created by adapting earlier fields. There is a strong historic sense of place presented through the historic riverside woollen mills and system of leats which supplied Chagford with water from the Teign. The history of tin mining is evident in the alluvial streambeds in Bellacouche Fields to the north east of Chagford. Along Mill Street and Lower Street on the northern edge of the town (within the Conservation Area) is a rich scattering of listed buildings, including a number of Victorian villas and hotels overlooking the Teign valley.
Visual character The rolling topography of the valley sides, cut by sunken winding lanes with high hedgebanks and numerous mature hedgerow trees and copses create a strong sense of enclosure in much of this zone. However, there are views from the north east edge of the town at Orchard Meadows across the flat meadows and glimpsed views from within the town north east over the river valley to the farmed valley slopes.
Perceptual and The sheltered character of this scenic landscape along the Teign, set within a experiential qualities framework of small-scale medieval fields and riverside meadows, contrasts with the open moorland to the south. The area has a high perceived degree of tranquillity, remoteness and seclusion.
Settlement pattern and The historic core of Chagford (within the Conservation Area) extends from edge character the Market Square north along Lower Street and Mill Street and much of the northern settlement edge which borders this zone is a mix of small cottages and Victorian villas with views out to the surrounding countryside. The historic nature of the settlement edge would be sensitive to change. Modern development on the outskirts of the town is found on Manor Road, linear development along Lower Street and on-going development east of
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 43 July 2017
Orchard Meadows.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The complex landform (rolling valley slopes descending to a river valley), small-scale irregular field pattern, the natural features (copses and woodland, lowland meadows and rush pasture, species-rich Devon hedges topped by mature hedgerow trees and traditional orchards), historic character (medieval meadows and fields, valued industrial archaeology and historic settlement edge) and highly scenic secluded character, and proximity to the historic settlement edge, result in a landscape of high overall sensitivity. High hedgebanks and numerous mature hedgerow trees and copses create a strong sense of enclosure, which could help integrate limited new development into the landscape. Some areas adjacent to the modern outskirts of the town around Manor Road and along Lower Street are less sensitive to change due to the harsher urban edge character.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 44 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: C3
Representative photographs
View north over Chagford House View north west over Chagford House
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 45 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone located to the south east of Chagford lies within LCT 2D: Moorland Edge Slopes. It consists of a wooded parkland landscape which rises steeply from the edge of the old town around St. Michael’s Church, towards Nattadon Common to the south.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale An undulating slope which rises steeply south of the town towards Nattadon Common, incised by a narrow stream valley to the east of the landscape zone. There is an estate character associated with Chagford House, with mature in-field trees and high stone walls, interspersed with broadleaved woodland and mixed plantations that contribute positively to landscape character.
Natural character There are areas of valued natural features including extensive deciduous woodland at Biera Woods and mixed estate plantations around Chagford House and Dennis Park. These features could be vulnerable to loss from development.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that the majority of the zone comprises parkland (no historic character indication of date is given within the HLC) with deciduous woodland and some mixed plantations. Further from the settlement edge, around Nattadon Farm, is an area of pastoral fields of medieval origin where the small scale enclosures are based on strip fields. There are a scattering of listed buildings in this landscape zone immediately south of the town churchyard including Chagford House (Grade II ) which dates from the early 19th century although these are largely screened from the view by woodland. Away from the settlement edge, historic farmhouses nestle within the folds of the landscape.
Visual character Blocks of mature woodland and the sunken winding lanes radiating from the town, with their high stone walls, create a strong sense of enclosure near the settlement edge. However, from the high open slopes of Nattadon Common, beyond the landscape zone to the south, there are views down to Nattadon Farm and across the wooded landscape. From Bellacouche Fields on the lower north eastern edge of Chagford are views up to Chagford House and its surrounding parkland.
Perceptual and This is a scenic parkland landscape which provides a wooded backdrop to experiential qualities Chagford. The area has a high perceived degree of tranquillity with few human influences.
Settlement pattern and The south eastern settlement edge which borders this zone extends both edge character north and south from the church (within the Conservation Area). It is a mix of small historic cottages with a strong local vernacular of exposed granite, colourwash and slate. The settlement edge and the larger historic buildings to the south (including Chagford House) are sheltered by woodland. Change in this area would adversely affect the form of the existing historic settlement edge. Away from the settlement edge, there is a sparse settlement pattern of scattered farmsteads nestled in the rolling landform connected by narrow winding lanes.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 46 July 2017
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The steeply sloping landform, semi-natural character (extensive woodland), historic sense of place (the parkland around Chagford House, historic field patterns and a scattering of listed buildings), scenic parkland character, the role of the landscape zone plays in providing a wooded backdrop to the town enclosing the historic settlement edge (Conservation Area) increase sensitivity to high overall.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 47 July 2017
Christow
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 48 July 2017
Christow
Location and Description
The village of Christow lies on the north eastern edge of Dartmoor National Park, nestled high on the steep valley sides above the River Teign. The landscape rises from the river valley floor to the east of the village up to the wooded upland plateau to the west where the reservoirs of Trenchford, Tottiford and Kennick lie. The village is recorded in the Domesday Book as part of the manor of Canonteign, its growth founded on agriculture and the local quarrying enterprises and the mining of tin, silver, copper and manganese. The historic village centres around the 15th century granite church, and is separated by a stream valley from a group of historic cottages and farmhouses, mostly dating from the 17th century, at the higher end of the village. The buildings are of various periods with a unifying theme of Devon vernacular with several thatched properties with rendered cob and stone elevations. There has been a gradual infill of unremarkable 20th century houses, particularly west of Dry Lane and south of Village Road, and more recently along Wet Lane. There is also a business estate, Gidley Meadow, lying just below the village near the valley road. The centre of the lower village is characterised by orchards located on either side of the stream.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 49 July 2017
Historic map (Ordinance Survey 1864-1889)
Representative photographs
View south to St James’ from orchards below the church. Corner of Dry Lane and Commons Hill
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 50 July 2017
Valued attributes
Overall summary of relevant valued attributes, landscape features and qualities for the study area
The following landscape attributes and features would be particularly sensitive to change:
The steep folded slopes of the Teign Valley overlain by an intricate pattern of small medieval pastoral fields and winding lanes enclosed by high curving hedgebanks.
The extensive network of deciduous woodland and hedgerow trees which creates a well-wooded character.
Strong Devon vernacular reflected in farmsteads, thatched cottages with rendered stone and cob elevations.
Dispersed rural settlement pattern. Panoramic views across the farmed landscape of the Teign valley particularly from the valley slopes above the village.
The landscape’s small scale and high degree of tranquillity evoking a sense of calm and history.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 51 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: CH1
Representative photographs
View east over Teign Valley from Commons Hill View to the western settlement edge above Dry Lane
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 52 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the west of Christow lies within LCT 3A: Upper Farmed and Wooded Valley Slopes and comprises the steep undulating upper slopes of the Teign Valley with a small area at the top of Commons Hill extending into 1J: Farmed and Forested Plateau. The area is defined by a strong mosaic of irregular, predominantly pastoral fields with semi-natural woodlands and hedgerow trees contributing to a well-wooded character.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The folded hillside rises extremely steeply up from the village to a height of over 250m on Commons Hill and Bennah Hill, incised by a narrow wooded stream valley which runs east-west through the village towards the River Teign. This forms a dramatic landform feature. The landform is overlain by a small to medium-sized irregular field pattern of sheep and cattle-grazed pasture and traditional orchards bounded by a rich hedgerow network. This links to bands and copses of mostly deciduous woodland which hug the valley slope to create a well-treed character.
Natural character Species rich hedgerows and hedgerow trees with areas of deciduous woodland, including linear woodland which runs along the stream valley linking to more extensive woodland at Bowden Beer, are valued semi- natural habitats which could be vulnerable to loss.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that this zone is characterised by a pattern of fields historic character probably first enclosed with hedge-banks during the later middle ages. The curving form of the hedgebanks suggests that it may have been farmed as open strip-fields. There are small traditional orchards on the steeply sloping land above the village on the settlement edge. There is a concentration of historic buildings within Christow, both around the church and on the northern and western settlement edge. In addition, a number of historic farmsteads are nestled into the folded landform to the south of the village which present sensitivity to settlement edge expansion in this area.
Visual character There are panoramic views over the farmed slopes of the Teign valley from the valley slopes above the village. The landscape zone itself is also visible in long views from the opposite valley slopes.
Perceptual and experiential This is a highly scenic rural landscape traversed by a network of quiet qualities winding lanes, with a high perceived degree of tranquillity and few human influences.
Settlement pattern and Christow is characterised by its historic core on the lower hillside and a edge character group of historic buildings at the higher end of the village along Dry Lane. These houses and farmsteads, many of late medieval origins, have a strong Devon vernacular. Extending development along the along the narrow and steep approach roads to the village would be out of keeping with the existing rural settlement pattern. Modern development on the edge of the village, for example along Butts Lane, is well integrated into the landscape and largely screened by the rising topography and high hedgebanks.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 53 July 2017
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The steep and folding landform, irregular field pattern, natural features (rich hedgerow network and woodland), historic character (historic field patterns and listed buildings on the settlement edge and outside the village), intervisibility with the wider landscape, and highly rural character with a dispersed rural settlement pattern, result in an overall sensitivity rating of high.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 54 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: CH2
Representative photographs
View east from village car park View along the Teign valley floor from the B3193
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 55 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the east of Christow lies within the Upper Farmed and Wooded Valley Slopes landscape character type. The area comprises the lower valley sides of the River Teign which enclose the winding river valley floor. It is defined by a strong mosaic of irregular, predominantly pastoral fields with semi-natural woodlands and many hedgerow trees contributing to a well-wooded character.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The folded landscape slopes steeply down from the village towards the river valley floor incised by several narrow stream valleys. The landform is overlaid by a small to medium-sized irregular field pattern of steeply sloping grazed rough pasture. The dramatic landform and intricate field pattern indicates sensitivity to change.
Natural character There are areas of valued semi-natural habitat found in part of the landscape zone including a rich hedgerow network with hedgerow trees, linked to bands of deciduous woodland hugging the higher slopes to create a well-treed character which indicates a sensitivity to change. The lowland meadows with neutral grassland and rush pasture, mire and wet woodland (Christow Wood has areas of Alder) along the tributaries feeding into Teign are features that are sensitive to change.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that this zone is characterised by an intricate pattern of historic character enclosures probably first enclosed with hedge-banks during the middle ages. The curving form of the hedge-banks suggests that it may have been farmed as open strip-fields. There are small orchards both within and on the edge of the village and areas of rough grazing ground. The time-depth of the landscape indicates sensitivity. There is a concentration of historic buildings within Christow, both around the church in the stream valley and on the higher ground to the north and a number of historic farmsteads nestled into the folded landform which results in sensitivity to change.
Visual character Areas along the stream valley are enclosed by woodland indicating this area is not overly sensitive to change in terms of visual character; however there are views to the wider landscape and the farmed slopes of the Teign valley from higher ground to the north of the zone around Foxhole Hill.
Perceptual and This is a highly scenic rural landscape traversed by a network of quiet lanes, experiential qualities with a high perceived degree of tranquillity and few human influences which indicate sensitivity to change. Seasonally busy traffic along the B3193 can disturb tranquillity.
Settlement pattern and Christow is characterised by a historic core on the lower hillside and a group edge character of historic houses and former farmsteads, many of late medieval origins, at the higher end of the village to the north. The attractive historic settlement edges with their strong Devon vernacular increases sensitivity to built development. Extending development along the narrow and steep approach roads to the village would be out of keeping with the dispersed rural settlement pattern of individual historic farms and houses outside the village. Modern development in the small business park Gidleys Meadow and on the southern edge of the village along Church Lane is well integrated into the landscape and largely screened by the rising topography and high hedgebanks.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 56 July 2017
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The steep and folding landform, irregular field pattern, natural features (areas of deciduous woodland, lowland meadows, rush pasture, mire and wet woodland along the Teign River valley), historic character (historic field patterns and listed buildings on the settlement edge and outside the village) and highly rural character with a dispersed rural settlement pattern, increase sensitivity to high overall.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 57 July 2017
Horrabridge and Yelverton
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 58 July 2017
Horrabridge and Yelverton
Location and Description The village of Horrabridge grew around the historic crossing point of the River Walkham. The existing bridge is thought to have been constructed in 1400 and is Grade I listed. Manor houses and estates are located on the outskirts of the main settlement. The historic core in the north is designated as a Conservation Area, with the area historically supported by copper and tin mining. The south of the village expanded in the 20th century with the construction of dense post war housing development which altered the character of the village. Yelverton originally consisted of two rows of houses either side of a village green. The introduction of the railway made the settlement more accessible for commuters and visitors from nearby Plymouth. The wartime airfield on Roborough down (RAF Harrowbeer) is an important historic feature of the town. The town does not have a Conservation Area although the original core of Yelverton is noted as an early example of a comprehensively planned residential development. Due to their close proximity, the sensitivity of the land surrounding these settlements is considered together. This is for the purposes of this assessment only and does not have further policy implications.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 59 July 2017
Historic map (Ordinance Survey 1886-1893)
Representative photographs of the settlement
Horrabridge The Rock Inn, Yelverton
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 60 July 2017
Valued attributes
Overall summary of relevant valued attributes, landscape features and qualities for the study area
The following landscape attributes and features would be particularly sensitive to change:
The distinctive moorland of Roborough Down, which frames the settlements from the west. The sloping landform, particularly associated with the valleys of the Walkham and Meavy rivers. Pastoral character with a strong pattern of medieval enclosures bounded by an intact network of thick hedgerows.
Features of heritage interest within the landscape, including parts of a WWII airfield and the 14th century Grade I listed bridge at Horrabridge.
Long views from higher elevations, including across the settlement to the Dartmoor uplands. Contrasting landscapes, from open, exposed moorland to intimate, enclosed wooded valleys. Valued semi-natural habitats including broadleaved woodland, wet grassland and streams/rivers. Strong rural qualities, often with high levels of tranquillity.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 61 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: HY1
Representative photographs
View west across Walkham Valley towards Roborough Down Footpath in woodland to the east of Sortridge Park
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 62 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the north of Horrabridge lies within LCT 2D: Moorland Edge Slopes and 3D: Upland River Valleys. The landscape is focused around the Walkham river valley and slopes steeply up to the north and towards Roborough Down in the south west of the landscape zone. The area was formerly used extensively for mining.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone has a steep valley landform associated with the Walkham River/Mill Leat and some smaller tributary watercourses. The folded landform and intricate land cover pattern create a small-scale landscape.
Natural character Landcover in the landscape zone primarily consists of pastoral farmland, which includes some unimproved grassland and lowland meadow habitat, which would be sensitive to change. Some of the small woodlands are classified as Woodland of Conservation Importance. Trees along field boundaries also add naturalistic character. Riparian woodland along the river corridor and stream habitats are also valued naturalistic features.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that the fields within this landscape zone are primarily historic character medieval enclosures based on strip fields. The historic bridge which gives the settlement its name is a Grade I listed structure and was built in the 14th century. Disused mine shafts and wheals provide evidence of the industrial heritage of the area. Beyond the settlement boundary, there are a handful of traditional historic farmsteads. The landscape zone provides a direct setting to Horrabridge Conservation Area, which is located along Whitchurch Road and Bedford Road. The landscape zone evokes a strong time depth owing to these attributes.
Visual character The existing village is overlooked by higher ground to the north. Views out are often limited by trees along roads and within field boundaries, although there are long views to the moorland core of Dartmoor (to the east) and Roborough Down (south-west) from more open areas.
Perceptual and The landscape is exposed on higher elevations, particularly in areas without experiential qualities woodland which contrasts with the strong sense of enclosure on lower slopes due to the landform and woodland cover. The landscape is highly rural and tranquil which creates sensitivity, although road noise from the A386 can detract from these qualities locally.
Settlement pattern and The south of this landscape zone along the Walkham River provides an edge character attractive rural setting to the historic settlement edge of the village (within the Conservation Area). There is linear development along Whitchurch Road and some hard urban edges along Chapel Lane which are less sensitive to change. Extending development up the valley sides would be out of keeping with the existing settlement pattern.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The steeply sloping landform, intricate historic land cover pattern of medieval enclosures, frequent naturalistic features (including copses of broadleaved woodland, lowland meadows and riparian habitats), direct setting the landscape provides to the historic settlement edge, long views from higher, open areas and high levels of tranquillity result in a landscape of high overall sensitivity. The modern settlement edges in the south western part of the Landscape Assessment Zone are less sensitive.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 63 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: HY2
Representative photographs
View back to Yelverton near Binkham Farm Rush pasture on the valley floor, with woodland on the slopes
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 64 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the east of Horrabridge and Yelverton lies within LCT 2D: Moorland Edge Slopes. The landscape slopes gently up in an easterly direction, mostly comprising pasture fields with some arable areas. Frequent streams and tracts of woodland are also characteristic. This area was historically important for mining.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale A gently sloping landform crossed by numerous small streams and overlain by a small-medium scale, intricate field pattern.
Natural character The landscape contains numerous naturalistic features which could be vulnerable to loss, including broadleaved woodland (Furzehill Wood is locally designated as Woodland of Conservation Importance), unimproved grassland and wet rush pasture adjacent to the streams.
Sense of time depth / historic The HLC indicates that this landscape is primarily medieval fields and character medieval fields based on strip fields. Other heritage features include Furzehill Mine and associated historic mining infrastructure including disused shafts. Historic farmsteads are scattered throughout.
Visual character The sloping landform results in strong intervisibility with the existing settlement and Roborough Down beyond, although lower slopes are more hidden and less visually prominent. There are glimpses of the Dartmoor upland moorland and rocky tors to the north-east.
Perceptual and experiential This is a strongly rural landscape with an intact historic field pattern qualities and few intrusive features and high levels of tranquillity. The sense of exposure to elements experienced on higher elevations adds to its typical Dartmoor farmland character. Some modern equestrian development and loss of hedgerows has occurred adjacent to the settlements.
Settlement pattern and edge The landscape forms a valued rural backdrop to both Horrabridge and character Yelverton, with the slopes containing the settlements.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The sloping landform, frequent naturalistic features including woodland and riparian habitats, intact medieval field pattern, long views out, setting and backdrop that the landscape provides to the settlements and strong rural character with high levels of tranquillity result in a landscape of high overall sensitivity. Sensitivity levels decrease on lower slopes closer to existing development.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 65 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: HY3
Representative photographs
Pasture fields viewed from Lake Lane Steep slopes viewed from Meavy Lane
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 66 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the east of Yelverton lies within LCT 2D: Moorland Edge Slopes. The landscape slopes towards a tributary valley of the River Meavy and is characterised by pastoral farmland, with wet grassland adjacent to the stream. Fields are divided by hedgerows with many hedgerow trees. The former railway line to Princetown crosses through the landscape zone.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale This landscape zone comprises a sloping valley landform associated with a tributary of the River Meavy, becoming steeper in the south and east of the zone.
Natural character There a numerous natural features within this landscape which may be vulnerable to loss, including hedgerow trees and woodland along the course of the stream as well as wetland grassland and stream habitats found on the valley floor.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that the fields within this landscape are primarily medieval historic character enclosures based on former strip fields. In some localised areas, subdivision of fields with post and wire fencing has occurred in recent years. Other valued historic features include the Devonport Leat which crosses through the landscape zone and the course of the former Princetown railway and Plymouth and Dartmoor Tramway which ran from Sutton Harbour to Princetown in the 19th century. These attributes result in a strong time depth.
Visual character There are high levels of intervisibility with land to the south (over the Meavy Valley) from the steeper slopes in the south of the zone, resulting in sensitivity to change. The majority of the zone does not, however, have a strong visual relationship with the existing settlement at Yelverton due to topography.
Perceptual and This is a rural, pastoral landscape with strong naturalistic qualities which experiential qualities provides a scenic setting to the south of the village. There are some locally detracting features including large modern gateways and the subdivision of fields by post and wire fencing.
Settlement pattern and The landscape forms a valued rural setting to the south eastern edge of edge character Yelverton. Modern housing development located at Binkham Hill is less well integrated into the landscape and is therefore reducing sensitivity in this location.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The sloping valley landform, naturalistic features (including streams, hedgerows and woodland), intact medieval field pattern, long views across the Meavy Valley and the rural setting the landscape provides to the south of Yelverton increase sensitivity to development. However the hard urban edges and localised subdivision of field patterns with post and wire fencing means this zone is assessed as of moderate-high sensitivity overall.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 67 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: HY4
Representative photographs
Woodland viewed from the West Devon Way Farmland near Elfordtown
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 68 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the south of Yelverton lies within LCT 2D: Moorland Edge Slopes and 3D: Upland River Valleys. The landscape is focused around the River Meavy and slopes steeply northwards towards Yelverton. The landscape comprises a mixture of pastoral and arable farmland and tracts of deciduous woodland.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone slopes down from the settlement in a southerly direction towards the River Meavy. The overlying field pattern is small-medium in scale.
Natural character Woodland of Conservation Importance is located adjacent to the moorland in the west of the zone. The landscape has a well wooded character with high levels of tree cover. Land cover is primarily pastures divided by a strong network of hedgerows, with some wet/unimproved grassland habitat and valued stream habitats associated with tributaries of the River Meavy. These attributes present sensitivities to change.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates a mixture of medieval enclosures based on strip fields, historic character post-medieval enclosures and amalgamated enclosures. There are a handful of historic farmhouses scattered throughout the zone, while the disused railway line also runs through the landscape and is characterised by deciduous woodland. Remnants of the line are visible in places.
Visual character When tree cover allows, there are high levels of intervisibility with the sloping land to the south of the River Meavy, which results in sensitivity to change. There is no visual relationship with the adjacent moorland to the west with views screened by trees and the sloping topography. The visual relationship with the existing settlement is also limited by the landform and woodland cover, although there are some views to the southern edges of Yelverton.
Perceptual and This is a highly scenic rural landscape which is well-wooded with high levels experiential qualities of tranquillity and a strong rural character. Noise from the adjacent A386 can detract from tranquillity levels locally.
Settlement pattern and The zone forms part of the wider rural setting to Yelverton, integrating the edge character settlement edge into the landscape. There is some linear development along Gratton Lane and Meavy Lane that are less sensitive in terms of their settlement edge characteristics.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The sloping landform, small-medium scale field pattern of medieval enclosure, frequent naturalistic features (including woodland, wet grassland, hedgerows and stream habitat) and role the zone plays as a rural setting to Yelverton present sensitivities to future change. Traffic noise, localised linear development and limited views into and out of the landscape reduce sensitivity from ‘high’ to moderate-high overall.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 69 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: HY5
Representative photographs
View across moorland from Pound Road Rocky outcrop of Roborough Rock adjacent to WWII aircraft dispersal pens
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 70 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the west of Horrabridge and Yelverton lies within the Upland Moorland with Tors landscape character type. The landscape contains Roborough Down, an area of unenclosed moorland, which is highly valued for its semi-natural habitats and sense of escape from the adjacent settlements.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone consists of the rolling landform of Roborough Down. To the west of Yelverton the landscape is relatively flat. The large scale unenclosed landscape is a distinctive feature of Dartmoor and is sensitive to change.
Natural character The entire open moorland habitat within the landscape zone is designated as Moorland (and Heath) of Conservation Interest. A small copse of woodland adjacent to the A386 is classified as Woodland of Conservation importance. These semi-natural habitats are highly valued and would be vulnerable to loss from development.
Sense of time depth / Roborough Down contains numerous features of heritage interest including historic character World War II aircraft dispersal pens (RAF Harrowbeer), a probable medieval longhouse site and evidence of mining activity which historically supported Horrabridge and Yelverton, all of which create sensitivity to built development. The use of Roborough Down as common land also contributes to the sense of time depth.
Visual character From open areas there are long views in an easterly direction which include the upland open moorland and distinctive rocky tors on the skyline which results in sensitivity. The landscape zone is visually separated from the adjacent settlements by dense woodland and the sloping topography.
Perceptual and The landscape has an exposed and remote moorland character with few experiential qualities human influences, providing a sense of escapism from the adjacent urban development, which creates sensitivity to change. Although not as remote and exposed as the large expanses of moorland to the north-east and east, the position of this pocket of open moor nearby to urban centres means that it is highly valued for recreation. High levels of recreational activity can result in a busy landscape which contrasts with the exposed and remote qualities. Traffic noise from the A386 can also be intrusive.
Settlement pattern and The moorland extent forms a definitive natural boundary to the western edge character edges of both Horrabridge and Yelverton. The edges of the settlements are also enclosed by the sloping topography, and development on Roborough Down would be disconnected from the existing settlement.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The vast, open and rugged landscape, important semi-natural moorland and heath habitat, heritage value (particularly relating to RAF Harrowbeer in WWII), long views across the surrounding landscape, sense of escape provided from the adjacent urban areas, and undeveloped character increase sensitivity to high overall.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 71 July 2017
Mary Tavy
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 72 July 2017
Mary Tavy
Location and Description Mary Tavy is located in the west of Dartmoor National Park on Cholwell Brook which joins the River Tavy to the south of the settlement. The settlement contains a mixture of buildings associated with mining, agriculture or residential use which are typically white-washed or stone with slate roofs. Mary Tavy and Blackdown were previously considered two distinct settlements, but have since coalesced and have a dispersed linear form. The Grade I listed Church of St Mary which gives Mary Tavy its name is of 14th century origin, although is located outside of the modern settlement to the south along Bal Lane. The southern parts of the settlement primarily consist of 20th century bungalows.
Historically the village was supported by mining for tin, silver, copper and manganese, and in the 19th century was the site of the largest copper mine in the world, Wheal Friendship. The former mining landscape is characterised by numerous disused shafts and pits. The unenclosed moorland to the north provides a dramatic backdrop to the settlement. To the south the landscape is rural farmland with some fields used as pasture for horses.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 73 July 2017
Historic map (Ordinance Survey 1864-1889)
Representative photographs of the settlement
Warne Lane Houses on Warren Road/Wheal Road, backing on to Cholwell Brook
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 74 July 2017
Valued attributes
Overall summary of relevant valued attributes, landscape features and qualities for the study area
The following landscape attributes and features would be particularly sensitive to change:
Contrasting upland open moorland and intricate stream valley landforms. Valued semi-natural habitats including wet rush pasture associated with Cholwell Brook, upland moorland and broadleaved woodland.
Intact medieval field patterns, with fields enclosed by hedgebanks with many trees. Historic farmsteads found along the narrow rural lanes emanating from the settlement. The heritage features of the landscape, including historic mining landscapes and relics. Long views from higher elevations, particularly in southerly and easterly direction from the elevated moorland of Gibbet Hill.
The backdrop and setting provided to Mary Tavy by the moorland of Gibbet Hill. Strong rural qualities, with high levels of tranquillity.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 75 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: MT1
Representative photographs
Brentor Road looking east to Mary Tavy View east from Brentor Road to Brent Tor
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 76 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the north and north-west of Mary Tavy encompasses open access land to the south west of Gibbet Hill and lies within LCT 2D: Moorland Edge Slopes and 1L: Upland Moorland with Tors. This is a broad, open upland moorland landscape typical of Dartmoor.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone has a dramatic landform, rising steeply to the north towards Gibbet Hill. The lack of field boundaries, limited landscape features and broad landform result in a large scale, open landscape.
Natural character Landcover in the landscape zone primarily consists of semi-natural grass moorland, heathland, gorse and scrub. This area is locally designated as Moorland (and Heath) of Conservation Importance. These valued habitats distinctive to the Dartmoor landscape would be vulnerable to loss.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that this area is characterised by unenclosed rough historic character ground which remains under its traditional use as common land for grazing livestock. Bronze Age archaeological artefacts have been recovered in this area, providing evidence of its past occupation. The moorland forms a wider setting to the Mary Tavy Conservation Area. The time-depth of the landscape and frequent occurrence heritage assets present sensitivities to change.
Visual character Views focused in a south westerly direction by the sloping landform, encompassing Brent Tor and the pastoral farmland of West Devon beyond. The landscape zone itself is prominent in views from surrounding areas due to the relatively high elevation; potential development would be visible from the surrounding area, particularly the lower lying land to the south. There are long views across the settlement to high tors beyond in the east. The moorland is included in key views from Mary Tavy (identified in the Conservation Area appraisal) towards Brent Tor in the west.
Perceptual and This is a highly scenic and remote landscape, typical of Dartmoor’s open experiential qualities moorland. The elevation and lack of vegetation create a remote and exposed character. There are few human influences and the open and exposed moorland provides a sense of escape and relative remoteness from the enclosed settlement.
Settlement pattern and Mary Tavy has developed from the two distinct settlements of Mary Tavy edge character and Blackdown. The moorland in this zone provides a valued setting and important backdrop to the village, key to its sense of place and identity. There are few dwellings adjacent to the landscape; the grounds of the Moorland Hall accommodation abut the moorland as do a handful of bungalows with a whitewash vernacular. These are well screened and not prominent within the landscape.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The steeply sloping and open landform, the valued semi-natural moorland land cover, remote perceptual qualities with few human influences, role of the landscape as backdrop to the settlement and high levels of intervisibility with the surrounding landscape result in an overall rating of high landscape sensitivity.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 77 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: MT2
Representative photographs
Gorse growing amongst disused pits and shafts in the former Wet grassland habitat adjacent to Cholwell Brook mining landscape
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 78 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the north and east of Mary Tavy lies within LCT 5A Inland Elevated Undulating Land and 2D: Moorland Edge Slopes. It comprises the valley of Cholwell Brook and is strongly associated with the mining past of the settlement, including the Wheal Friendship mine. Many wetland and woodland habitats characterise this landscape.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale An undulating landform based around a valley carved by Cholwell Brook, with the land sloping up on either side towards Gibbet Hill and Horndon. The overlying field pattern consists of small-scale fields.
Natural character The farmland which makes up a large proportion of the landscape zone has a well-wooded character due an abundance of broadleaved trees along hedgerows. Dense heath, gorse and bramble scrub habitat is associated with the disused mines. Valued wetland habitats associated with Cholwell Brook (including rush pasture) may be vulnerable to loss from development. Dense deciduous woodland also lines the valley corridor.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that this most of this area has a medieval field pattern historic character enclosed by hedge-banks during the middle ages. Much of the zone is contained within the Mary Tavy Conservation Area. Numerous mine shafts and infrastructure throughout the landscape provide physical evidence of the important mining heritage of the area, including Wheal Friendship mine which was once the largest copper mine in the world. The presence of heritage features important to landscape character and great time-depth present sensitivities to change.
Visual character There are long views from higher ground to the open upland moorland in the east, with rocky tors forming distinctive features on the skyline. The more elevated parts of the landscape zone rise prominently above the existing settlement. Within the landscape zone, there are high levels of intervisibility across the Cholwell Brook valley and it is overlooked by properties on higher ground along the A386.
Perceptual and This is a highly scenic rural, pastoral landscape. Dense woodland cover experiential qualities creates an enclosed and naturalistic landscape in the valley, with high levels of tranquillity. From the higher elevations within the landscape zone there is sense of exposure. Traffic noise from the A386 can detract from tranquillity locally. The former mining area appears derelict and unmanaged in places.
Settlement pattern and Mary Tavy does not follow a traditional nucleated settlement pattern as it edge character was originally two distinct settlements. The linear development pattern along the A386 at Blackdown originated in the 14th century, and this part of the settlement is included within the Mary Tavy Conservation Area. The easternmost edge of the settlement also falls within the Conservation Area. The existing settlement edge is well integrated into the landscape. There are some buildings along Bal Lane, although these are usually historic. Development along Warren Road contains varied styles and scales of building of diverse origin, but is well integrated into the landscape and screened by mature trees.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 79 July 2017
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The sloping, intimate valley landform, visually prominent land at higher elevations, valued semi-natural habitats (including areas of heath and wet grassland), important historical associations and features related to past mining activity, relative sense of tranquillity, and role as a setting to the Conservation Area results in a high sensitivity landscape overall.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 80 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: MT3
Representative photographs
Warne Lane looking south west across the valley of the River View east from Station Road towards South Warne Burn Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 81 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the south and west of Mary Tavy lies within LCT 5A: Inland Elevated Undulating Land. This zone contains rural farmland with a strong hedgerow network and many trees, which slopes down into the valley of the River Burn located to the south. Some modern influences are apparent including 20th century bungalows in the south of the settlement. The disused Tavistock railway line forms the boundary on the landscape zone to the south west.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone slopes up from the valley of the River Burn towards the village, becoming gently undulating as the land rises. A rounded hill is located directly to the south of Mary Tavy. The overlying field pattern is generally of small, regular fields.
Natural character The landscape zone primarily consists of pastoral farmland, some of which is unimproved grassland habitat. Field are enclosed by a mixture of high hedges and stone walls. There is a small copse of deciduous woodland located along Warne Lane. Trees in field boundaries also form valued natural features and give an overall wooded appearance to the landscape. Wetland habitats and riparian woodland are found adjacent to Colwell Brook in the easternmost part of the landscape zone. These valued semi-natural habitats and natural features that could be vulnerable to loss.
Sense of time depth / The HLC shows that this landscape contains a mixture of amalgamated and historic character post-medieval enclosures, with some Barton fields. Sinuous boundaries of medieval enclosures remain in places. Historic features include occasional mineshafts associated with Wheal Friendship mine and historic farmsteads amongst the farmland. Fields in the easternmost part of the landscape zone are contained within Mary Tavy Conservation Area as they form part of the distinctive mining landscape. The heritage features important to landscape character and strong time- depth contribute to the landscape’s sensitivity to change.
Visual character Long views are attained to higher ground, particularly in a south westerly direction over the valley of the River Burn to the slopes beyond. There are also views up to the high moorland of Gibbet Hill (Zone MT1). The zone is characterised by high levels of inter-visibility with surrounding landscapes.
Perceptual and This is an attractive rural landscape with few incongruous features. It has a experiential qualities high perceived degree of tranquillity, whilst noise from the A386 may detract from these qualities locally. There is some equestrian development and fences have replaced hedgerows in some locations.
Settlement pattern and Mary Tavy does not follow a traditional nucleated settlement pattern as it edge character was originally formed from two distinct settlements. There is existing low density linear development along Brentor Road. 20th century development along Warne Lane is integrated into to the landscape and screened by woodland. Modern bungalows along Station Road create a harder settlement edge. Occasional historic farmsteads are scattered throughout the countryside outside the settlement.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 82 July 2017
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
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The sloping valley landform with visually prominent slopes, areas of intact medieval enclosure (including Barton fields), valued wetland habitats, strong rural qualities and high levels of tranquillity, historic farmsteads and long views to the south (over the valley of the River Burn) result in a high overall sensitivity rating. The settlement edge along Station Road is less sensitive due the hard edge created by the road.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 83 July 2017
Moretonhampstead
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 84 July 2017
Moretonhampstead
Location and Description
Moretonhampstead is located in the north-east corner of the Dartmoor National Park, on the route out of Exeter that continues into the heart of the moor. It is also accessed via the A382 which crosses through north-east Dartmoor to link with Okehampton. Moretonhampstead is a small town set within undulating farmland, bounded to the south and west by high moorland and to the north and east by a range of hills that include Mardon Down. Moor-tun or ‘the settlement in the moor’ dates back to Saxon times but it was the woollen trade – including the rearing of sheep, the processing of wool and the manufacture of cloth – that accounted for its prosperity from the early 14th century until its 18th century decline. The town continued as the market centre for an extensive agricultural hinterland into the 20th century.
Moretonhampstead has a very compact form which is focused on The Square, from which roads radiate out into the surrounding landscape. The parish church dominates the eastern part of the town, forming a prominent local landmark. A series of devastating fires, mostly in the 19th century, mean that historic buildings date mainly from the 18th, 19th and 20th century with a mixed vernacular. The majority are rendered and colour-washed with slate roofs, a good many have their granite walling exposed, including the most notable buildings in the town centre.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 85 July 2017
Historic map (Ordinance Survey 1864-1889)
Representative photographs
Betton Way Pound Street
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 86 July 2017
Valued attributes
Overall summary of relevant valued attributes, landscape features and qualities for the study area
The following landscape attributes and features would be particularly sensitive to change:
The rich and intricate landscape full of contrasts between the sheltered narrow stream valleys and rolling lush green hills.
Intricate pattern of irregular medieval fields and winding lanes enclosed by prominent Devon hedgebanks.
Pastoral character of small fields contrasting with lowland meadows along fast-running streams. Strong sense of place presented along the historic settlement edge to the north east of the town. Unifying local vernacular reflected in cottages, farmsteads and stone faced banks. Spectacular views south to the high moorland core and to the north to the moorland summits at Mardon Down – providing a dramatic setting to the town.
The granite church tower – a recognised local landmark. The compact form of the town with little linear development on the roads radiating out into the countryside.
Peaceful, rural character.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 87 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: MO1
Representative photographs
Sen try Field looking west to St Andrew’s Sentry Field view north east to Wray Brook
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 88 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the north and east of Moretonhampstead lies within LCT 2D: Moorland Edge Slopes, with a small area on the eastern boundary within 3D: Upland River Valleys. It comprises rounded and undulating hillsides rising steeply above a narrow stream valley (Wray Brook). The landform is overlain by a small-scale pattern of pastoral fields and rough grazing interspersed with broadleaved woodland.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale Rounded and undulating hills rising sharply from the narrow stream valley of Wray Brook, which forms a natural barrier to the town to the west. The landform is overlain by an intricate pattern of small scale pastoral fields and rough grazing bounded by mixed species hedgebanks.
Natural character There is a frequent occurrence of valued natural features, including areas of deciduous woodland, small copses and strips of woodland which follow the course of the Wray Brook. Species-rich hedgerows with mature hedgerow trees also contribute to naturalistic characteristics. Lowland meadows run along the course of the Wray Brook at Holcombe and Budleigh Farm (both designated as CWS). These are sensitive features that could be vulnerable to loss from development.
Sense of time depth / The zone comprises small scale fields of medieval origin, the curving form of historic character the hedgebanks suggesting that the land may have been farmed as open strip fields. Fields along the Wray Brook are of mixed origin, laid out in the 18th and 19th century, or amalgamated enclosures.
The Sentry Field, a historic glebe field (designated as an Area of Historic Setting) provides an important landscape setting to the town and is evidence of the historic relationship between the parish church and its adjacent fields. Beyond the settlement edge, the rural settlement pattern includes isolated historic farmhouses nestled in the rolling hills. The Moretonhampstead and South Devon Railway runs along the southern edge of this zone. The historic time depth of this landscape indicates sensitivity to change.
Visual character Along the sunken narrow lanes there is a strong sense of enclosure due to the high Devon hedges; however there are some spectacular views from this zone of the surrounding hills and moorland, such as the view from Sentry Field which extends over the hills to the high moorland on Marden Down, and the view from the hillside near Holcombe towards the high moorland in the south. The square-towered parish church in Moretonhampstead is visually prominent in views from the eastern portion of the zone due to its elevated position.
Perceptual and This is a rich and intricate landscape full of contrasts between the fast- experiential qualities flowing Wray Brook, the rolling lush green hillsides above it and the wider landscape setting of the high moorland to both north and south. The area has a high perceived degree of tranquillity with few human influences.
Settlement pattern and Moretonhampstead retains its compact historic urban form, with the 20th edge character century development on the settlement edge adjacent to this zone largely screened by the local topography and high hedgebanks. Within the zone the landscape is characterised by a dispersed settlement pattern of individual historic farms and houses reached by narrow winding lanes.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 89 July 2017
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
L L-M M M-H H
The complex landform (narrow valley of Wray Brook and steep rounded slopes above it), strong pattern of irregular medieval fields bounded by prominent Devon hedgebanks, natural features (rich hedgerow network and broadleaf woodland and lowland meadows), strong historic character with little modern development (historic field pattern, including the Sentry Field which forms an Area of Historic Setting to the parish church) strong visual relationship with the wider landscape, and peaceful rural character, increase sensitivity to high overall.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 90 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: MO2
Representative photographs
Bridge over Wadley Brook view north east Lane below Pound Street view east
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 91 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the south and west of Moretonhampstead lies within LCT 2D: Moorland Edge Slopes. Pastoral fields on the gently sloping valley sides below the town descend to wet meadows which line the Wadley Brook on the valley floor. Patches of rough grazing land give the landscape its Dartmoor character.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale An undulating and intricate landscape cut by the course of the Wadley Brook which flows west-east through the south of the zone. The landform is overlain by a small to medium sized irregular field pattern.
Natural character Remnant traditional orchards and a network of species-rich Devon hedges with mature hedgerow trees. These are valued and sensitive features which could be vulnerable to loss.
Sense of time depth / historic The curving form of the hedgebanks which enclose the small-scale character pastoral fields suggest that they are predominantly medieval in origin and may have been farmed originally as open strip fields. These are linked to several historic farmsteads found across the zone, including an example at Hayne found within a small area of parkland. There are some pockets of larger 18th/19th century enclosures throughout. An historic stone bridge crosses the Wadley Brook. The former route of the railway crosses the valley in this zone and is now open as a cycleway. The historic time depth of this landscape indicates sensitivity to change.
Visual character Along the sunken narrow lanes there is a strong sense of enclosure due to the high Devon hedges; however there are occasional glimpsed views of the surrounding hills and high moorland. The town has a close visual relationship with the farmed landscape of this zone, and there are views from the southern edge of the settlement over Wadley Brook to the opposite valley sides. Glimpsed views are also afforded from parts of the settlement edge, across the town to the high hills to the north east...
Perceptual and experiential This is a highly scenic rural landscape traversed by a network of quiet qualities narrow lanes, with a high perceived degree of tranquillity and few human influences.
Settlement pattern and edge Despite recent expansion, Moretonhampstead retains its compact form, character with little linear development radiating out into the countryside of this zone. The landscape is characterised by a dispersed settlement pattern of individual historic farms, with a strong local vernacular of rendered granite. Modern development outside the historic centre, particularly to the west along Betton Way has resulted in harsh settlement edges in places.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
L L-M M M-H H
The strong pattern of irregular medieval fields bounded by Devon hedgebanks, natural features (mature hedgerow trees and remnant traditional orchards), strong historic character (historic field pattern and listed farmhouses), visual relationship with the wider surrounding landscape, and peaceful rural character
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 92 July 2017 indicates high sensitivity to development. However, the flatter landform along the stream valley floor, localised sub-division of field boundaries with post and wire fencing and the presence of modern development on the settlement edge results in moderate-high sensitivity overall.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 93 July 2017
Princetown
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 94 July 2017
Princetown
Location and Description Princetown is a village located in the centre of Dartmoor and is the highest village in the National Park at 440 metres AOD. A valley has been carved by the Blackbrook River to the north east of Princetown, which is otherwise surrounded by unenclosed high moorland with tors forming skyline features. The B3357 runs through the centre of the village. The village originated in 1785 when a large area of moorland was leased from the Duchy of Cornwall to be converted to farmland. The settlement is dominated by the imposing granite buildings of Dartmoor Prison (constructed in 1806) and is also home to Dartmoor Brewery. A Conservation Area covers most of the village excepting some limited areas of post-war housing development.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 95 July 2017
Historic map (Ordinance Survey 1864-1889)
Representative photographs of the settlement
Granite buildings associated with Dartmoor Prison View into the village from the north (from the B3357)
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 96 July 2017
Valued attributes
Overall summary of relevant valued attributes, landscape features and qualities for the study area
The following landscape attributes and features would be particularly sensitive to change:
The rugged, unenclosed landform of Walkhampton Common. Valued semi-natural habitats including wet pasture, streams and moorland, distinctive of the Dartmoor uplands.
Characteristic granite buildings, particularly those associated with the historic Dartmoor Prison complex.
Elemental character which is highly influenced by weather conditions due to the elevation and exposure of the landscape.
The lack of human influence throughout much of the landscape. Long views across Princetown to other uplands including distinctive tors on the skyline. The heritage features of the landscape, including the historic Oakery Clapper Bridge.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 97 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: P1
Representative photographs
Devonport Leat Wet rush pasture and plantation woodland
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 98 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the north of Princetown lies within LCT 1L: Upland Moorland with Tors. This landscape slopes down from the moorland to the west towards the valley of the Blackbrook River in the east. The zone primarily consists of farmland which has a historic and visual association with the Dartmoor Prison complex.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone slopes steeply from higher ground adjacent to Walkhampton Common down towards the Blackbrook River and is overlain by a sensitive small-medium scale field pattern.
Natural character Mixed woodland along Tavistock Road (B3357) is identified as Woodland of Conservation Importance. There is also some semi-natural grass moorland habitat located to the east of North Hessary Tor. Tracts of woodland and wetland habitat are found along Blackbrook River. These valued habitats could be vulnerable to loss.
Sense of time depth / This zone has a distinctive regular field pattern associated with the prison historic character farmland. It provides an immediate setting to Princetown Conservation Area, including the many listed buildings contained within the Dartmoor Prison complex. Devonport Leat, which supplied Plymouth with water from the moors, crosses through this landscape zone. The HLC indicates that the fields are of post-medieval origin. The planned agricultural landscape associated with Dartmoor prison is a unique feature which is not found elsewhere in the National Park.
Visual character There are long views over farmland immediately adjacent to the east including the moorland beyond with distinctive tors on the skyline. The existing settlement is widely overlooked by land to the west of Tavistock Road (B3357) which rises steeply from the road. The prominent visual character is therefore sensitive to change.
Perceptual and This is a highly scenic rural landscape, with frequent areas of woodland and experiential qualities wet grassland giving the area a strong naturalistic quality. It has high levels of tranquillity with few human influences, and the views out to the nearby moorland give a sense of remoteness. These qualities are sensitive to change.
Settlement pattern and Princetown was originally a hamlet for farm workers, which grew quickly edge character following the construction of the prison at the beginning of the 19th century. The prison complex forms the edge of the settlement in this area and is well integrated into the landscape. In the southern area of the landscape zone, 20th century residential development at Blackabrook Avenue and Bellever Close create a harder urban edge.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
L L-M M M-H H
The sloping landform, important natural habitats (Blackbrook River, woodland and wet grassland), historic character (the strong historic association with Dartmoor Prison and the setting provided to the Conservation Area), long views over the landscape to the distinctive upland moorland with tors, and strong rural character with a sense of remoteness, results in a high overall landscape sensitivity. The edges of Princetown to the south of Dartmoor Prison are generally a little less sensitive than the more historic settlement edge due to the harder urban edges at these locations.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 99 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: P2
Representative photographs
Oakery Clapper Bridge Woodland and rush pasture near New London cottages
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 100 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the south east of Princetown lies within LCT 1L: Upland Moorland with Tors. The land slopes from the moorland to the south west to the valley of the Blackbrook River and is characterised by rush pasture farmland enclosed by stone walls and pockets of mixed woodland.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone slopes down from the moorland edge towards the Blackbrook River, although this is less dramatic and steep than the land in the west and north of Princetown. The overlying field pattern is medium in scale, although the low stone walls which separate the fields result in an open, medium-large scale landscape.
Natural character Areas of mixed woodland are found to the south of houses along Two Bridges Road and to the south of Torgate House. The landscape zone primarily consists of pasture, with large areas of unimproved grassland habitat. Wetland grassland is found adjacent to the Blackbrook River in the north of the landscape zone.
Sense of time depth / The landscape zone forms a direct setting to Princetown Conservation Area. historic character It also contains several structures of heritage value, including the New London cottages (a distinctive group of eight cottages built in the late 19th century for tin miners employed at Whiteworks Mine) and the Oakery Clapper Bridge which is a Grade II listed structure. The landscape zone is also crossed by the Devonport Leat (aqueduct) which supplied Plymouth with water in the 18th and 19th centuries and a historic packhorse trail from Ashburton to Tavistock. The HLC indicates that land cover is primarily post-medieval enclosure with fields enclosed by stone walls and irregular in size and shape which follow the topography. Newtakes from the moorland are located adjacent to the moorland line.
Visual character From Two Bridges Road and Tor Royal Lane there are long views across the National Park over the farmland to the surrounding unenclosed moorland with distinctive tors on the skyline. There are also clear views of the existing settlement from these locations.
Perceptual and This is a highly scenic rural landscape. It has a high perceived degree of experiential qualities tranquillity with few human influences.
Settlement pattern and Princetown was originally a hamlet for farm workers, which grew quickly edge character following the construction of the prison at the beginning of the 19th century. Many of the houses along the southern edge of Princetown form part of the historic edge of the settlement as identified by the Conservation Area. The south-eastern edge of the settlement is well integrated into the landscape and screened by woodland (including the New London Cottages which are outside of the Conservation Area). The edges of the settlement in the west of the landscape zone (adjacent to the fire station and Dartmoor Brewery) are of modern origin and are not as sensitive in this regard.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
L L-M M M-H H
The sloping landform, important natural habitats (Blackbrook River, woodland and wet grassland), historic character (the historic settlement edge of the Conservation Area and historic clapper bridge), long views over the landscape to the distinctive upland moorland with tors, and strong rural character with a sense of remoteness, results in a rating of high landscape sensitivity overall.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 101 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: P3
Representative photographs
View west across moorland from Station Cottages car park Entrance to Princetown from the south west on the B3212
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 102 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the west of Princetown lies within LCT 1K: Unsettled High Upland Moorland and 1L: Upland Moorland with Tors. Much of the landscape zone is unenclosed open access moorland which forms part of Walkhampton Common and is typical of upland Dartmoor.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone has a dramatic landform, rising steeply to the south west up towards Walkhampton Common. The rugged and unenclosed land has a very large scale due to the few features within the landscape excepting a small copse of plantation woodland and a telecoms mast visible on the horizon.
Natural character Land cover in the landscape zone primarily consists of grass moorland and heathland on Walkhampton Common which is locally designated as Moorland and Heath of Conservation Importance.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that this area is characterised by rough ground on the historic character open moor with small pockets of woodland. Disused mine shafts and tin workings provide evidence of the industrial history of the landscape, whilst part of a pack-horse track from Tavistock to Chagford and the former route of the Princetown railway crosses the moor in this zone. The moorland provides a direct setting to Princetown Conservation Area. All of these factors result in sensitivity to change. The use of the moorland as common land adds to the traditional character of the landscape.
Visual character The elevation of the land offers extensive views across Dartmoor National Park and there are high levels of intervisibility with other tors which form distinctive features on the skyline. Due to the sloping topography the zone overlooks the existing settlement, with strong intervisibility between the two areas.
Perceptual and Due to the lack of human influence within the landscape it has a remote and experiential qualities exposed character which is high and windswept. In clear conditions the skies are open and prominent, whilst low cloud cover can give a bleak, elemental character to the landscape.
Settlement pattern and Princetown was originally a hamlet for farm workers, which grew quickly edge character following the construction of the prison and its associated buildings at the beginning of the 19th century. The settlement edge abuts the open access land of Walkhampton Common. Modern housing along Woodville Avenue is less well integrated into the landscape. The immediately adjacent moorland of this landscape zone contributes to the unique remote character of the village. Development in zone would therefore detract from this setting.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
L L-M M M-H H
The steeply sloping landform, the valued semi-natural grass moorland land cover, valued remote perceptual qualities, high levels of intervisibility with the surrounding landscape, and contribution the moorland makes to the setting and character of Princetown, increase sensitivity to high overall. The edge of Princetown along Woodville Avenue is a little less sensitive than the more historic settlement edge to the south due to the lack of woodland screening the houses and modern built influences in this area.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 103 July 2017
South Brent
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 104 July 2017
South Brent
Location and Description South Brent is located in the south east of Dartmoor National Park, to the east of the River Avon and north of the A38. Historically the village was supported by mining for tin, silver, copper and manganese. The quarrying of china clay, granite and slate was also important. The original historic core of South Brent is located to the north, near Lydia Bridge and is designated as a Conservation Area, with the houses of stone construction with slate roofs. The settlement was expanded significantly in the 20th century to the south and east.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 105 July 2017
Historic map (Ordinance Survey 1864-1889)
Representative photographs of the settlement
Brent Mill Industrial Estate New development under construction at Palstone Meadow
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 106 July 2017
Valued attributes
Overall summary of relevant valued attributes, landscape features and qualities for the study area
The following landscape attributes and features would be particularly sensitive to change:
Steeply incised valley landform of the River Avon, which is highly tranquil and naturalistic. Valued semi-natural habitats including wet rush pasture and ancient broadleaved woodland. The heritage features of the landscape, including the 17th century stone constructed Lydia Bridge, spanning the river.
Long views across the settlement, particularly from higher ground to the north east. Distinctive stone and pastel coloured vernacular buildings associated with the historic core in the north of the settlement.
Intact medieval field patterns, with fields enclosed by hedgebanks with many trees. The backdrop and setting provided to South Brent by Beara Common. Strong rural qualities, with high levels of tranquillity.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 107 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: S1
Representative photographs
River Avon viewed from Lydia Bridge Mature in-field tree and remnant stone wall in the grounds of Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment Manor108 Farmstead July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the north of South Brent contains part of the incised, wooded valley of the River Avon. It slopes up towards the moorland grassland of Beara Common and Brent Hill which are located to the north east. This landscape zone is within LCT 5A: Inland Elevated Undulating Land, 3F: Settled Valley Floors, 3D: Upland River Valleys and 2D: Moorland Edge Slopes. The Plymouth to Totnes railway line crosses through the landscape zone.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale A gently sloping landform which becomes increasingly steep towards Beara Common and Brent Hill. It is overlain by an intact small-medium scale field pattern with frequent trees found within field boundaries.
Natural character This landscape zone contains a variety of valued semi-natural habitats, including deciduous woodland at Leigh Cross and Lydia Bridge (designated as Woodland of Conservation Importance) and unimproved neutral and marshy grassland at Spriggs Moor (designated as a County Wildlife Site). Wetland habitats are found in the valley of the River Avon including streams and rush pasture. The farmland has a well-wooded character with frequent broadleaved trees in hedgerows and numerous mature in-field trees. These strong naturalistic characteristics are vulnerable to loss.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that this most of this area has a strong and intact historic character medieval field pattern, based on strip fields and enclosed by hedge-banks during the middle ages, which are sensitive to change. Several of the farmhouses are Grade II listed buildings, as is the 17th century Lydia Bridge. Remains of a 19th century iron mine on Brent Hill provide evidence of the industrial history of the landscape. There is an estate character associated with Manor Farmstead, with features including large in-field trees and stone gate posts. The valley and woodland forms a direct setting to the South Brent Conservation Area. These heritage features contribute to the strong sense of time-depth experienced in this landscape.
Visual character The landscape zone rises prominently above the existing settlement, so any potential development would overlook and be strongly visible from South Brent. From the higher ground on the slopes of Beara Common there are long views across the surrounding countryside, including views to the Beacons in the south west of the National Park. The flatter ground around Forder Lane would be less sensitive in visual terms.
Perceptual and This is primarily a pastoral and naturalistic landscape, with dense hedgerows experiential qualities and woodland providing enclosure to the landscape. On the higher ground there is an increased sense of remoteness and exposure. The sound of flowing water in the River Avon evokes a sense of tranquillity, particularly in the river valley woodlands. Away from the river the noise of the A38 becomes more intrusive, especially on higher ground. Noise from the railway line is infrequent and not overly intrusive.
Settlement pattern and The historic core of South Brent is located to the south of Lydia Bridge with edge character characterful stone and pastel coloured cottages and houses. The historic settlement edge could be adversely affected by new development. Existing linear development of Victorian terraces along Hillside is out of keeping with the traditional pattern of the settlement.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 109 July 2017
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
L L-M M M-H H
The gently sloping, incised valley landform, important natural habitats (River Avon, broadleaved woodland and wetland habitats), historic character (including the historic bridge and the setting provided to the Conservation Area), intact medieval field patterns and high levels of tranquillity result in a landscape of high overall sensitivity. The edges of the settlement along Hillside are less sensitive due to the harder urban edges at these locations.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 110 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: S2
Representative photographs
Arable field adjacent to Palstone Lane Great Palstone Holiday Park viewed from the B3372
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 111 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the south and east of South Brent lies within LCT 5A: Inland Elevated Undulating Land. The landscape is characterised by a mixture of pastoral and arable farmland. The A38 dual carriageway forms a barrier to the south of the zone.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone gently slopes around a tributary which flows to Horse Brook to the east. The area directly to the south of South Brent is broad and relatively flat. The overlying field pattern consists of large, irregular fields bounded by low, trimmed hedges with few trees. A tract of mature woodland is found along the course of the former railway line.
Natural character Much of the landscape is farmland used for grazing. Some of the larger fields are used for arable cropping with post and wire fencing often supplementing hedgerows. Wet grassland, rush pasture, stream habitat and some limited areas of broadleaved woodland may be vulnerable to loss.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that the fields within the landscape zone are primarily historic character amalgamated, with a few medieval enclosures based strip fields located adjacent to the B3372. The former route of the Kingsbridge Railway (closed in the 1960s) crosses through this landscape zone. A historic farmstead is located at Great Palstone Farm built in the 17th century (not listed).The landscape zone is not adjacent to and does not provide a setting to the South Brent Conservation Area.
Visual character The low hedgerows and lack of trees result in open views towards South Brent. There are also views north towards Beara Common, with tors on the upland moorland visible in the distance during clear conditions. Views to a pylon line to the south of the A38 can be detracting. The landscape zone itself is not prominent.
Perceptual and A predominantly rural landscape, particularly to the east of the zone, although experiential qualities parts of the landscape appear neglected. Noise and views of the A38 are prominent throughout this landscape zone although fields to the south of the settlement/north of the A38 are most impacted.
Settlement pattern and 20th century development in the south and eastern edges of South Brent is edge character partially screened by woodland along the former railway line but forming a hard edge in other places (particularly along the southern boundary of the settlement). Great Palstone Caravan Park is an incongruous feature located beyond the settlement boundary, although it is well screened by woodland.
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
L L-M M M-H H
The pockets of valued semi-natural wet grassland and woodland habitats, remnant medieval field patterns, and views across the landscape to Beara Common and the Dartmoor uplands increase sensitivity. However the gentle landform, large-scale field pattern, low density of overlying landscape features, lack of traditional field boundaries and the presence of modern development on the settlement edge, visual and auditory disturbance from the A38 reduces sensitivity to moderate-high overall. The fields to the south of the settlement/north of the A38 have lower sensitivity.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 112 July 2017
Landscape Assessment Zone: S3
Representative photographs
View east towards South Brent from Aish Lane Rush pasture west of Little Aish
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 113 July 2017
Landscape sensitivity assessment
Location and landscape character
The Landscape Assessment Zone to the west of South Brent lies within LCT 5A: Inland Elevated Undulating Land. This zone is characterised by the flat fields of the River Avon plain, with the valley widening significantly with fields of rush pasture and woodland adjacent to the river and the historic core of South Brent to the east, including St Petrocs Church. The Plymouth to Totnes railway line crosses the Landscape Zone.
Assessment Criterion Sensitivity description
Topography and scale The landscape zone primarily covers the simple landform of the gently sloping and low lying plain of the River Avon. However, the overlying field pattern, particularly adjacent to the west of the settlement edge, is small scale and intricate, with many sensitive landscape features including woodland and hedgerows.
Natural character Valued semi-natural habitats are associated with the River Avon and its tributaries and ponds, including a tract of broadleaved woodland (designated as Woodland of Conservation Importance), and water meadow which could be vulnerable to loss. There are fewer natural features in the south of the landscape zone although there are numerous trees in field boundaries.
Sense of time depth / The HLC indicates that this area is primarily characterised by medieval and historic character post-medieval fields created in the 18th and 19th centuries and amalgamated enclosures. Burgage plots are located adjacent to properties on Church Street and Plymouth Road. In-field trees and old stone gate posts give an estate character and time-depth to the landscape.
The River Avon forms a direct setting to the Conservation Area in the north of South Brent. The northern part of the landscape zone has numerous heritage features, including mill buildings adjacent to the river which are important relics of the settlement’s cultural and industrial history. Lydia Bridge is a Grade II listed structure which spans the river (to zone S1). The high density of historic features important to the character of the area and great time depth are sensitive to change.
Visual character The majority of the landscape zone is not prominent within the wider landscape as it is relatively low lying, although there are views to South Brent where the land gently rises. The zone is overlooked by and has good levels of intervisibility with Brent Hill to the north east. Views are concentrated in an easterly direction by the gently sloping topography, although these vary depending on the presence and density of hedgerows and trees.
Perceptual and The frequent tree cover and river afford a naturalistic quality to the experiential qualities landscape, although this can be adversely affected by traffic movement and noise associated with the A38 and the presence of large incongruous farm buildings, industrial buildings and modern fencing, particularly in the south of the landscape zone. Brent Island is a valued destination for experiencing the naturalistic qualities of the river.
Settlement pattern and The historic extent of South Brent is found along Church Street and edge character Wellington Square which abuts this landscape zone. This historic and coherent settlement edge with St Petroc’s church nestled amongst woodland is sensitive and contrasts with modern development along New Orchard Road in the south of the zone There are also larger industrial structures at Brent Mill business park which are prominent in some views.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 114 July 2017
Overall assessment of landscape sensitivity to future change
L L-M M M-H H
The valued semi-natural wet rush pasture and broadleaved woodland habitat associated with the River Avon, historic settlement edge (within the Conservation Area), strong rural character, high levels of tranquillity and views over the landscape to South Brent and Brent Hill, increase sensitivity to high overall. The southern part of the zone is less sensitive due to the presence of large industrial buildings, the less coherent settlement edge and the lack of historic field patterns.
Dartmoor Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 115 July 2017