3932 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. APRIL 14,
By Mr. MERCER: Resolution of the National Association of The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair hears Stationary Engineers of Omaha, Nebr., praying for the passage non€1, and it is so ordered. The Journal of yesterday's proceedings of House bill No. 3618, to organize and increase the efficiency of will be read by the Secretary. the personnel of the Navy-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro Also, resolutions of the. city council of Aurora, Nebr., favoring ceedings, when, on motion of Mr. GALLINGER, and by unanimous the transmississippi and international exposition of Omaha-to consent, the further reading was dispensed with. the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. MILLER of Kansas: Petition of Martin McDonald and PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. 500 others, of Kansas City, Kans., in regard to the Marquette The VICE-PRESIDENT presented· the petition of Rev. J. E. statue-to the Committee on the Library. Rankin, D. D., LL.D., president of Howard University, Washing Byl\lr. MORSE: Petition of the Presbyterian Church of Barne ton, D. C., praying that the annual appropriations for the sup:port gat, N.J., praying for the enactment of a Sunday-rest law for of that university be considered favorably by the Senate; which the District of Columbia-to the Committee on the District of was referred to the Committee on Appropriations. Columbia. He also presented a petition of Great Bridge Chapter, Daugh Also, petition of Messrs. Kasson & Palmer, of Boston, Mass., ters of the American Revolution, of Norfolk, Va., praying for protesting against the passage of House bill No. 4566, relating to the publica.tion of the records and papers of the Continental Con second-class mail matter-to the Committee on the Post-Office gress; which was referred to the Committee on the Library. and Post-Roads. Mr. BURROWS presented a petition of the board of reference Also, petition of Henry Turner and 56 other citizens of Brock and control of the World's Columbian Commission; which was ton, Mass., asking for adoption of the metric system of weights and referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be measures-to the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. printed in the RECORD, as follows: By Mr. OTJEN: Petition of C. C. Cole and 84 others, of the To the honorable the Senate and Mil waukee National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, favor House of Rep~·esentatives of the United States: ing the passage of an act enabling any inmate of the Home to live At a meeting of the board of reference and control of the World's Colum bian Commission held in Washington, D. C., on the 15th day of February.2 with his family at a cost not to exceed the average expense of such A. D. 1896, a committee consisting of the president of the Commission ana inmate at the Home-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Commissioners P. H. Lannan, of Utah; 0. V. Tousley, of Minnesota, and By Mr. QUIGG: Petition of Adolph ~lexander and others, for J. W. St. Clair, of West Virginia, were appointed a committee to present the following preamble and resolutions to the Committee on Ap:propriations in the passage of a bill for the adoption of the metric system-to the the two Houses of Congress and urge upon them the adoptiOn of the sug Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. gestions therein contained: By Mr. SCRANTON: Petition of Hon. J. B. Van Bergen and "Whereas section 13 of the act of Congress approved July 25, 1890, entitled 'An act providing for celebrating the four hundredth anniversary of the other citizens of Carbondale, Pa., in favor of the metric system discovery of America. by Christopher Columbus by holdjng an international to the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures, and products of the soil, mines, By Mr. SPERRY: Petition of Perseverance Council, No. 33, and sea, in thecity of Chicago, in th9 State of lllinois,' provides- " 'That it shall be the duty of the Commission to make report from tima Daughters of Liberty: of New Haven, Conn., praying for the pas to time to the President of the United States of the progress of the work, and sage of the Stone immigration bill-to the Committee on Immi in a final report I>!_esent a full exhibit of the results of the exposition '; and gration and Naturalization. "Whereas the World's Columbian Commission. created by said act of Con. gress in order to secure in a proper and econoinic way the preparation of Also, resolutions of Eli Whitney Lodge, No. 80, Order United said final report on the 19th day of October,l893, adopted the followin&": American Mechanics, of Hamden, Conn., in favor of the Lodge "'Whereas under the provisions of section 13 of the act of Congress it 1s pro immigration bill-to the Committee on Immigration and Natu vided that the Commission shall make a final report to the President of the ralization. United States, in which shall be presented a full exhibit of the results of the Exposition, and in order to secure the preparation of said report in the most By Mr. CHARLES W. STONE: Resolutions of the Teachers' economic and comprehensive manner, Institute of Chester, Pa., in favor of the adoption of the metric "'Resolved, That a ~cial committee to consist of eight commissioners is system of weights and measures-to the Committee on Coinage, hereby created of which the President shall be a member and chairman thereof\ l!-nd the seven remaining members shall be appointed by the Presi· Weights, and Measures. dent, wnich committee, when so a.p_pointed, shall proceed to prepare for sub By Mr. TYLER: Petition of Great Bridge (Va.) Chapter of mission to this Commission for its final authoritative action the said final re Daughters of the American Revolution, asking for an appropria port referred to in section 13 of the said act of Congress. "'Resolv~d, That all resolutions or orders of this Commission, in so far as tion for the publication of the official documents relating to tbe they may confiict with the provisions of the foregoing resolution, are hereby American Revolutionary period-to the Committee on Printing. re:\'ealed;' and Also, petition of citizens of Newport News, Va.; also petition ' Whereas on the authorit,Y of said committee on final report. a subcommit tee thereof bas already prevared so much of said final report a.s could be of George P. Dravo and 12 others, of Milwaukee, Wis., favoring done without the transmission of the report of the various departments of the metric system of weights and measures-to the Committee on the Exposition, and more especially that of the Director-General and the Coinage, Weights, and Mea.sures. committee on awards; and "Whereas the committee on awards has now finished its work and trans By Mr. WASHINGTON: Petition of J. T. Howell and others; mitted to the president of the Commission its report, and the Secretary of also of W. L. Dudley and others, all of Nashville, Tenn., in favor the Treasury has now about completed the medals and diplomas to be deliv of bill for the adoption of the metric system of weights and meas ered to the exhibitors at the World's Columbian Exposition, and has been authorized and instructed by this board to make delivery thereof to the ures-to the Committee on Coinage, Weight.s, and Measures. parties entitled thereto; and By Mr. WOOMER: Petition of S. J. Woelfly and 12.'5 other citi "Whereas the World's Columbian Commission on the 3d day of N ovembeJ', zens of Jonestown, Pa., favoring the passage of joint resolution 1893, adopted the following: "'Whereas it is essentialtotheproperpreparation of the final report of the No. 11, amending the Constitution-to the Committee on the result of the Exposition that the official reports of the various departments Judiciary. and agencies should be prepared as speedily as possible, so that the special committee charged with the duty of preparing and submitting such final report for the consideration of the Commission may have access thereto: Therefore • SENATE. "'Resolved, That when and as such official reports shall be completed they shall be immediately delivered to the president of the Commission and by him submitted to the said special committeei. and further, that all officers TUESDAY, Apr·il14, 1896. whose duty it is to make such official reports oe enjoined to discharge this duty as promptly as practicable,' which was a direction to the Director-Gen The Chaplain, Rev. W. ~·MILBURN, D. D., offered the follow eral and all chiefs of departments and other subordinate officers of the Com ing prayer: mission to transmit to said committee on fl.na.l reJ,>ort the final reports to be Almighty Father, we come into Thy presence with joy and made by them, respectively; nevertheless, the srud Director-Gener al has up to this time failed to deliver to said committee his report, which necessarily thanksgiving, as we commemorate the birthday of Thy venerable incorporates the reports of the beads of all the departments of the Exposi servant, the senior Senator from Vermont. We bless Thee that tionl-Tbut, as this board is informed, has filed the same with the Congress of Thou hast brought him to his eighty-sixth birthday hale in body, the united States; and "Whereas the Senate of the Unit.ed States has, by an amendment to the clear, sound, and vigorous in intellect, happy in his family, in the urgent deficiency bill now pending in Congress, provided that the 'entire warm and loving esteem of his brothers of the Senate, the people compensation of the Director-General for the work of preparing his final re· of his own State, and his fellow-citizens throughout this broad port and for all sums expended or paid out by him upon such work, and for any sums due under a~eements or contracts for assistants for such work: land. provided that the origmal tyuewritten or written manuscript of such work We bless Thee, too, for his memorable service in the two Houses * * * all illustrations, diagrams, and plans incorporated in such work, and of Congress through this long stretch of years, for his noble and all plates and negatives of photographs taken therefor in the hands of the Director-General, shall be by him deposited with the Joint Committee on eminent service in behalf of the honor, safety, and welfare of our Printing,' which amendment, if concurred in by the House of Representatives, country, and we humbly pray Thee to spare him toils yet many places said report beyond the control of this board or said committee on final years. And grant him, when the end of life shall come, to pass re..,ort; and •· Whereas by an act of Congress approved August 18,1894, an appropriation hence with a conscience· void of offense, full of love to God as his was made in amount and for the purpose, as follows: life has been full of love to his fellow-men. We humbly pray, "'To enable the committee on final report to arrange the reports of the through Jesus Christ our Savi om·. Amen. various departments and prepare a synopsis of the same, $3,500, or so much as maybe necessary, to be expended in the discretion of the committee; and said The VICE-PRESIDENT resumed the chair. reports with synopsis, including indox in each volume, shall not exceed ten Mr. CARTER. I ask unanimous consent that the prayer de quarto folios in all, or not exceeding 1,000 pages each;' and livered by the Chaplain this morning be inserted in the RECORD. "Whereas this board bas taken the necessary action to finish the work of 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3933 preparation of said final report as indicated by said last-mentioned act: There both gold and silver at the ratio of 16 to 1; which was ordered to fore, "Resolved, Thatthe Congress of the United States be, and is hereby, memori lie on the table. alized and petitioned to direct and r equire said report of the Director-General Mr. MANTLE presented a memorial of sundry citizens of Mon and any and all reports which may be transmitted to the Congress and which tana, remonstrating against placing the statue of Pere Marquette should be properly transmitted to the president of the World's Columbian Commission to be transmitted to the president of the World's Columbian in Statuary Hall, and praying for its immediate removal; which Commission, to the end that the same or so much thereof as may be neces was referred to the Committee on the Library. sary may be incorporated into the final report, which will be completed on the 15th day of October, 1896, and which will state, as required by section 13 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES, of said a<:t of Congress, the results of said exposition. "Resolved, That it is the sense of this board that the Director-General shall Mr. GALLINGER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom be ~d the sum charged by him for his services, including all the expenses was referred the following bills, reported them severally without incident thereto, in the preparation of said report, and it respectfully requests an appropriation to be made to pay the same." amendment, and submitted reports thereon: Your l?etitioners would respectfully call attention to 'Paragraphs marked A bill (S. 2828) granting an increase of pension to Samuel E. on margm, respectively, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and ask consideratiOn of the same. Liscom; In such case your petitioners oelieve that your honorable body will come A bill (S. 2829) granting a pension to Plumy E. Marden; to the conclusion that the logical method to be pursued will be that the re ports of the president of the Commission, the secretary, the Director-General, A bill (S. 2787) granting a pension to Simpson Everett Stilwell; the committee on awards, and the president of the board of lady managers A bill (H. -R. 152) granting a pension to Mary .Ann Tracy; shoJlld be made to the World's Columbian Commission, as they are all crea A bill (S. 2790) for the relief of Sophronia S. Stowell; · tures of that body, and that the Commission should transmit the same to the President of the United States, in accordance with the act of 1890. A bill (H. R. 577) granting a pension to Lydia A. Taft; It seems to your committee that this is the only way to comJ?lY with the A bill (H. R. 5254) granting an increase of pension to Ebenezer mandates of the law, with the le~slation of the WGrld's Columbian Commis G. Howell, late a private of Company F, One hundred and six sion, an agent of your own creation, and the only method by which a. report worthy of the World's Columbian Commission can be made. tieth New York Volunteers; and Any conditions, limitations, or restrictiolll'l your honorable body may see A bill (H. R. 1139) granting a pension to Caroline D. Mowatt. fit to impose will be observed by your petitioners. Mr. GALLINGER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom Your petitioners would call attention to the fact that at the meeting of the board of reference and control above mentioned there were present was referred the bill (H. R. 3426) granting an increase of pension se~en out of the eight members of the Commission of which the sai9. board is to Eugenia R. Sweeney, widow of Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Swee composed, and that said board will meet again on November 15, 1896, for the ney, deceased, reported it with amendments, and submitted a purJ>ose of reviewing the several reports and ordering their transmission to tbe President of the United States. report thereon. The World's Columbian Commission does not expire until A. D.l898. Mr. SHOUP, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was The greater part of the appropriation of 1894: for the work of the commit referred the bill (H. R. 4265) granting a pension to Eliza Wilson tee on final report is yet unexpended, necessitating a small appropriation, if any. for the completion of the work. reported it without amendment, and submitted a report thereon: I have the honor to be, for the committee, very resp_!l_ctfully, He also, from th~ same committee, to whom was referred the T. W. PALMER, bill (H. R. 1181) for the relief of Maria E. Wilson, reported it Chairman and President of the World's Columbian Commission. with an amendment, and submitted a report thereon. Mr. GORMAN presented the petition of Rev. Henry Branch, He also, from the same committee,-to whom was referred the D. D., president, and Rev. W. G. Herbert, secretary, of the Mary bill (S. 1883) to grant a pension to Charlotte 0. Van Cleve, widow land State Temperance Alliance, praying for the appointment of of Gen. Horatio P. Van Cleve, reported it with an amendment an impartial national commission to inquire into and investigate and submitted a report thereon. ' upon the alcoholic liquor traffic, its relations to crime, pauper He also, from the Committee on Education and Labor, to whom ism, taxation, and the general public welfare; which was referred was. .referred the bill (S. 2780) to make an equitable adjustment of to the Committee on Education and Labor. the grants of land to the several States of the Union for State Mr. VILAS presented a. petition of the Federated Trades Coun normal schools, and for other purposes, asked to be discharged cil, American Federation of Labor, of Madison, Wis., praying for from its further consideration, and that it be referred to the Com the free and unlimited coinage of silver at the ratio of 16 to 1; mittee on Public Lands; which was agreed to. which was ordered to lie on the table. He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the He also presented a petition of the Winnebago Christian En amendment submitted by Mr. PETTIGREW on-the 8th instant pro deavor Union of Wisconsin, praying for the enactment.of a Sun viding for the collection of statistics in relation to criminal; and day-rest law for the District of Columbia, for the enactment of pa~p~rs, ~tc., intended to be proposed to the sundry civil appro legislation raising the age of consent in the District of Columbia pnation b1ll, reported favorably thereon, and moved that it be re and the Territories to 18 years, to prevent interstate gambling by · ferred to the Committee on Appropriations and print€d; which telegraph, and to defeat race-track gambling in the District of was agreed to. Columbia; which was referred to the Committee on the District Mr. WARREN, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was of Columbia. refe~ed the bill (S. 682) fo!" th~ relief of the heirs of Sterling T. Mr. SHERMAN presented a memorial of Erie Council, No. 92, Austin, deceased, reported It Without amendment, and submitted Junior Order United American Mechanics, of Huron, Ohio, re a report thereon. monstrating against the appropriation ol money for sectarian He also, from the Committee on Mines and Mining, to whom institutions; which was ordered to lie on the table. was referred the amendment submitted by Mr. MANTLE on the Mr. HOAR presented resolutions of the legislature of Massa 13~h ~nsta~t, intended to be proposed to the sundry civil appro chusetts, relative to the extermination of the gypsy moth; which prlati.on bill, reported favorably thereon, and moved that it be re wei·e read, and referred to the Committee on Agriculture and ferred to the Committee on Appropriations and printed; which Forestry, as follows: • was agreed to. Mr. PEFFER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In the yea;1896. Resolutions relative to the extermination of the gypsy moth. · referred the bill (S.1869) granting a pension to James Radley, re Whereas the gypsy moth, an insect pest, has found a lodgment in this ported adversely thereon; and the bill was postponed indefinitely. Commonwealth, and careful and persistent work is necessary to prevent its He also, from the same committee, to whom waa referred the spread ovet others of the United States; and this Commonwealth has appro bill (S. 2542) granting a pension to Stephen Maines, reported it priated and expended, under the direction of the State board of agriculture, large sums in the work of exterminating said pest; and said board has asked with an amendment, and submitted a report thereon. ~fdt~e ~~~ropriation of the sum of $200,000 for the current year, to continue He also, from the s~e committee, to whom was referred the 0 bill (S.1465) granting an increase of pension to Elijah A. Gilbert Resolved That the senate and house of representatives of the Common reported it with an amendment. ' wealth of Ma.ssachusett'3, in ~eneral court assembled, request the Senators and Representatives from this Commonwealth in the Congress of the United Mr. PRITCHARD, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom States to use their influence to induce the United States Government to take was referred the bill (S. 2475) for the relief of Solomon S. Cross up the work and carry it on to completion or to secure from Congress a lib whi~, asked to be discharged from its further consideration, and eral appropriation to assist this Commonwealth in defraying the necessary expenses of the work. · that It be referred to the Committee on Military Affairs; which Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions, properly attested, be trans was agreed to. mitted by the secretary~f the Commonwealth to each of our Senators and Representatives in Congress. Mr. CANNON, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom were In senate, adopted March 30, 1896. ref~rred the following bills, sub~itted adverse reports thereon~ In house of representatives, adopted in concurrence April3, 1896. which were agreed to;,and the bilLs were postponed indefinitely: A. true copy. Attest: A bill (S.1474) granting a pension to Elliott H. Benton; WM. M. OLIN, A bill (S. 2076) granting a pension to Sarah C. Moody; and Secretary of the Commonwealth. A bill (S. 2493) grantinganincreaseofpension to Albert Flanders. Mr. VEST presented the petition or Arnold Long and sundry Mr. CANNON, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was other citizens of Browning, Mo., praying for the enactment of leg referred the bill (S. 536) granting an increase of pension to Sa islation giving to second-class mail matter, such as religious tracts, mantha Barnes, reported it without amendment, and submitted full advantage of the act of July 16, 1894: which was referred to a report thereon. the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the He also presented a petition of American Waiters' Union, No. 20, bill (S. 2430) granting a pension to James W. Whitney, reported of St. Louis, Mo., praying for the free and unlimited coinage of it without amendment, and submitted a report thereon. 3934 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 14,
He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the amendment submitted by himself on the 10th instant, intended to · bill (8. 2341) granting a pension to George E. Tuttle, reported it be proposed to the sundry civil appropriation bill, the amendment with -amendments, and submitted a report thereon. limiting the cost for construction of post-office and court-house at He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the Cheyenne, Wyo., reported it without amendment, and moved that bill (S. 2428)"granting an increase of pension t-o Jacob P. Fletcher, it be referred to the Committee on Appropriations and printed; reported it with amendments, and submitted a r~port thereon. which was agreed to. He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the He also, from the Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation of bill (S. 2158) granting a pension to Abraham Rhodes, reported it Arid Lands, to whom was referred the amendment submitted by with amendments, and submitted a report thereon. himself on the 9th instant, intended to be proposed to the sundry He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the civil appropriation bill, the amendment providing that the reports bill (S. 2441) granting a pension to George D. Noble, reported it of the division of hydrography of the Geological Survey be printed with amendments, and submitted a report thereon. in octavo form, reported it without amendment, and moved that He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred t-he it be referred to the Committee on Appropriations and printed.; bill (S. 2077) granting a pension to RichardT. Seltzer, reported it which was agreed to. with an amendment, and submitted a report thereon. He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the J.\llr. GALLINGER (for Mr. McMILLAN), from the "Committee amendment submitted by himself on the 10th instant, intended to on the District of Columbia, to whom was referred the bill (S. 949) be proposed to the sundry civil appropriation bill, reported it to incorporate the East Washington Heights Traction Railway without amendment, and moved that it l)e referred to the Com Company of the District of Columbia, reported adversely thereon; mittee on Appropriations and printed; which was agreed to. and the bill was postponed indefinitely. He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the He also (for Mr. McMILLAN), from the same committee, to whom amendmentsubmitted by Mr. BAKER on the 13th instant, intended the subject wa referred,_reported a bill (S. 2840) to incorporate the to be proposed to the sundry civil appropriation bill, repol"'Wd it East Washington Heights Traction Railway Company of the Dis without amendment, and moved that it be referred to the Com trict Qf Columbia; which was read twice by its title . mittee on Appropriations and printed; which was agreed to. .Mr. PERKINS, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to whom NASHVILLE (S.DAK.) PRESBYTERIAN CHUROH. was referred the bill (S. 2324) to relieve John McCarthy from the , Mr. PETTIGREW. I am directed by the Committee on Pub charge of desertion, reported it with an amendment, and submitted lic Lands, to whom was referred the bill (S. 2816) granting the a report thereon. northwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 30, town M.r. MITCHELL of Oregon, from the Committee on Claims, to ship 17 north, range 3 east, Black Hills meridian, to the Nash whom was referred the bill (S. 261) forthereliefofArthurP.Selby, ville Presbyterian Church, of Nashville, S. Dak., to report it reported it without amendment, and submitted a report ther~on. favorably without amendment, and I ask unanimous consent for Mr. 1\IARTIN, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was its immediate consideration. referred the bill (S. 1212) to carry out the findings of the Court of There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the Claims, and for the relief of Samuel Fitzhugh, administrator of Whole, proceeded to consid~r the bill. Henry Fitzhugh, reported it without amendment, and submitted The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered a report thereon. to be engrossed for a third reading, read tho third time, and passed. He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the OSCAR SONNENKALB. bill (S. 2060) for the relief of Briscoe B. Bouldin, reported it with- Mr. DUBOIS. Iamdirected bytheCommitteeonPublic Lands, -out amendment, and submitted a report thereon. · to whom was referred the bill (S. 2277) for the relief of Osr.ar Son He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the nenkalb, to report it favorably without amendment. I ask unan bill (S.1913) for the relief of Louisa S. Guthrie, widow and execu imous consent to put the bill upon its passage. trix of John J. Guthrie, deceased, reported it without amendment, Mr. HARRIS. I suggest to the Senator from Idaho that we go and submitted a report thereon. on and complete the routine morning business, and that he then He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the make the request. bill (S. 2059) for the relief of William Bushby, reported it without Mr. DUBOIS. I suggest to the Senator from Tennessee that the amendment, and submitted a report thereon. Senator from W ashin..gton [Mr. SQUIRE] desires to address the Sen He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the ate, according to p1·evious notice, immediately after the routine bill (S.1915) for the relief of the residuary legatees of Mark Davis, business is completed, and it will take but a moment to get the deceased, reported it without amendment, and submitted a report bill through. thereon. Mr. HARRIS. I shall interpose no objection, but the other Mr. McBRIDE, from the Committee on Commerce, to whom proceeding would be the more regular. was refen·ed the amendment submitted by Mr. LoDGE on the 2d The VICE-PRESIDENT. The bill will bereadforinformation. instant, intended to be proposed to the sundry ci vi1 appropriation The Secretary read the bill, and, by unanimous consent, the Sen bill, the amendment providing for the establishment of four lighted ate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to its consideration. beacons in Lynn Harbor, Massachusetts, reported· it with an It proposes to pay 575.45 to Oscar Sonnenkalb, of Pocatello, amendment, submitting a report thereon, and moved that it be Idaho, on account ·Of surveying public lands in Idaho, under con referred to the Oommittee on Appropriations and printed; which tract, this sum being the cost ancl value of the work done under was agreed to. the survey contra-ct, according to the rates fixed by statute. Mr. ALLEN, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was re The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered ferred the bill (S. 581) for the relief of the legal representatives of to be engro~ed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. Hiram Somerville, reported it with amendment, and submitted a report thereon. . REPORT ON AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Mr. MORRILL, from the Committee on Public Buildings and Mr. HALE, from theOommitteeon Printing, reportedaconcur Grounds, reported an amendment intended to be proposed by him rent resolution and submitted a report thereon; and the concurrent to the sundry civil appropriation bill; which was referred to the resolution was considered by unanimous consent and agreed to, Committee on Appropriations, .and ordered to be print-ed. as follows: Mr. PLATT, from the Committee on the Judiciary, to whom Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concw-ring), That the report of the Secretary of Afrriculture upon the expenditures of the agri was referred the bill (S. 2624) giving to any State having a claim cultural experiment stations for the fiscal year ending Juno 30, 1895, in com for expenses incurred in defense of the United States the right to pliance with the act approved August 8~ 1894, making appropriations for the have the same adjudicated by the Court of Claims, reported it Department of Agriculture, be printea as a document; and that there be printed, in addition to the usual number, 2,000 copies of S?.id report, the extra with an amendment. ' copies to be distributed under the direction of the Seoretn.ry of Agriculture. Mr. HOAR, from the CommitteeontheJudiciary, to whom was referred the amendment submitted by lli. BAOON, on the 10th in CHICKAMAUGA A.ND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL PARK. stant, intended to be proposed to the sundry civil appropriation Mr. PALl\'IER. The Select Committee on the Dedication of bill, the amendment providing for the purchase of a site, and the the Chickamauga and Chattanooga N ationalPark have instructed commencement of the construction of a United States penitentiary me to report a resolution, which I send to the desk for reference south of the thirty-ninth degree of north latitude and east of the merely. I send also to the desk papers which explain what is in Rocky Mountains, reported it without afnendment, and moved tended to be done, which I ask may be printed. The Committee that it be referred to the Committee on Appropriations and on Military Affairs also favor the pa sage of the resolution. I ask printed; which was agreed to. unanimous consent that it may be now considered. Mr. WARREN, from the Committee on Public Buildings and The resolution was read, as follows: Grounds, to whom was referred the amendment submitted by Mr. Resolved, That the Committee on the Dedication of the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Park be, and it is hereby, authorized to expend the DUBOIS on the 13th instant, intended to be proposed to the sundry sum of $200 in the preparation of a ma~ and illustrations for the full report civil appropriation bill, the amendment providing for the con of the dedication exercises, to be pa1d out of the contingent fund of the struction of the post-office and court-house at Boise, Idaho, re Senate. · ported it without amendment, and moved that it be referred to the Mr. SHERMAN. The rule requires that such a resolution shall Committee on Appropriations and printed; which was agreed to. go to the Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Ex· Be also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the penses of the Senate. 1896. CONGRESSIONA~ RECORD-SENATE. 3935
The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will be so referred, ThP-re- being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the and the papers referred to by the Senator from illinois will be Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. It proposes to relieve the printed, in the absence of objection. personal 'representatives of the late John Sherman, jr., from THE S~A.TE MANUAL. the rendition of his emolument returns for the periods from July Mr. ALDRICH, from the Com:m:ittee on Rules., reported the fol 1 to December 31, 1881; and from January 1 to April21, 1882, as lowing order; which was considered by unanimous consent, and required by section 833 of the Revised Statutes. agreed to: The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered Ordered, That the Committee on Rules is instructed to prepare a new edi to be-engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. tion of the Senate Manual; and that there be printed 2,000 copies for the use of the Senate and 500 copies for the use of the Committee on Rules. NATIONAL DEFENSES. BILLS INTRODUCED. Mr. SQUIRE. Mr. President, I desir~ to call up the bill (S. Mr. GORMAN introduced a bill (S. 2841) granting an increase 1159) to provide for fortifications and other seacoast defenses, for of pension to Mrs. Lou Gobright McFalls; whic-h was read twice the purpose of submitting some remarks thereon. by its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate the He also (by request) introduced a bill (S. 2842) to incorporate bill indicated by the Senator from Washington, upon- which he is the Columbia Subway Company; which was read twice by its entitled to the floor. title, and referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. Mr. SQUIRE. Mr. President, what are our ideals as a nation? Mr. VEST introduced a bill (S. 2843) t{) authorize the construc What is our own conception of our character and destiny? We tion of a bridge across the Missouri River at or near the city of are for peace. Are we for peace at any price? We are for inde Boonville, Mo.; which was read twice by its title, and referred to pendence. Are we for iJ:!.dependence without taking steps to main the Committee on Commerce. tain that independence? We are for progress and advancement Mr. BACON introduced a bill (S. 2844~ granting a pension to of the interests, not only of our own people, but of all mankind. Nancy Piper; which was read twice by its title, and referred to We are full of sympathy for the oppressed and downtrodden in the Committee on Pensions. · every part of the civilized world. We are for the ''Monroe doc Mr. HOAR i.b.troduced a bill (S. 2845) for the relief of Mrs. trine "-for the preservation of the soil inviolate from European L.A. Barber; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the aggression on both the American continent-s. Are we willing to Committee on Pensions. support our belief in the" Monroe doctrine" by something more Mr. PLATT introduced a bill (S. 2846) to protect State anti than empty declarations, which are" as sounding brass and tink gambling laws from nullification through interstate gambling by ling cymbals"? Again, we are for economy in expenditures. Are telegraph, telephone, or otherwise, by extending to such gambling we for that false economy that takes no proper thought of to the penalties provided fo:r interstate gambling by mail or express; morrow and makes no provision against the greatest possible risks which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying to our safety, dignity, and peace as a nation? paper, referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. What an absurd spectacle has the Congress of the United States Mr. JONES of Arkansas introduced a bill (S. 2847) for the relief presented during the present session by its persistent talk in favor of the Cl.tizen band of Pottawato.mie Indians, and for other pur of the intervention by the United. States in behalf of Cuba and· poses; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com Venezuela. How cheap is all this talk, sincere though it may be mittee on Indian Affairs. on many occasions. Every man who has informed himself on the Mr. CARTER introduced a bill (S. 2848) to amend section 4 of subject of national defenses }mows that as a nation we are not in an act entitled "An act making appropriations for sundry civil condition to undertake war or suffer war. It is the very last thing expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, we can undertake or suffer in our present condition, becavse it will 1895," approved March 18, 1894; which was read twice by its title, certainly bring the greatest loss and humiliation. Our courage and referred to the Committee on Public Lands. and numbers would not avail, and it is folly to depend upon the Mr. HAWLEY introduced a bill (S. 2849) to promote the effi resources and inventions of the hour. We can talk loud and long ciency of the militia; which was read twice by its title, and re and profess sympathy, pass resolutions, and make believe to our ferred to the Committee on :rtfilitary Affairs. selves that we are actually taking a hand in ~he diplomatic affairs AMENDMENTS TO .APPROPRIATION BILLS. and international questions of great moment; but those who ara Mr. BAKER submitted two amendments intended to be pro not self-deceived by egotistical glamour and who know the facts posed by him to the sundry civil appropriation bill; which were are perfectly aware of the painful truth that all this demonstration 1·eferred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be is mere talk and bluster and vapid sentiment, or, at most~ it is a printed. sympathy that is easily satisfied with merely verbal expressions. :Mr. HARRIS submitted an amendment intended to beproposed Not that the great body of the American people understand it-so; by him to the sundry civil appropriation bill; which was referred they are not acquainted with the facts as to our absolute inability to the Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses to maintain a high, dignified, honorable, intelligent stand upon a of the Senate, and ordered to be printed. _great international argument in case we should be pressed by the M1·. MARTIN submitted an amendment intended to be pro threat of war, the last argument of kings. posed by him to the District of Columbia appropriation bill; which The people are cherishing the ideals of which I have spoken. was referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia, and They do not know how shamefully their interests are being bandied ordered to be printed. an'd played with by those who representthemin the Halls of Con ADDITIONAL NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDL.~G. gress. They suppose, in the simplicity of their hearts, that we are Mr. MORRILL. I desire to state that on Thursday, after the prepared to protect ourselves in case of war with any of the sec routine morning business, I shall ask the Senate to hear me for ond or third class powers, or even against a first-rate power. They ten or fifteen minutes upon the. bill (S. 698) to provide for the know that the nation has millions of brave and patriotic men who erection of an additional fireproof building for the National ~Iu would gather at the call to arms. But they do not kllow that there seum, which has been reported from the Committee on Public is no means of arming these hosts upon the emergency that may Buildings and Grounds with an amendment, when I hope to sat arise. They do not know that the great seacoast cities, through isfy the Senate that an additional building for the National Mu which extend the arteries of trade and commerce with each other seum is an absolute necessity. and with the people of foreign lands-populous though these cities may be, and teeming with wealth-are yet exposed and defenseless ·SALARY ACCOUNTS OF SENATORS, against attack by foreign navies with vessels far outnumbering The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate the ours in strength. The people do not know that their commerce resolution reported by the Senator from Oregon [Mr. MITCHELL], can be so ea-sily ruined~ They do not know that our Navy itself from the Committee on Privileges and Elections, relative to the may be hopelessly crippled by the destruction of our undefended salary accounts of Senators, coming over from a previous day. navy-yards, depots of supplies, dock yards, powder mills, and Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I ask that the resolution may lie arsenals. over until to-moiTOW morning. If the people understood these facts as they exist they would The VICE-PRESIDENT. Without objection, it is so ordered. say, "Stop building ships-as you do not mean to protect our cities, Mr. SQUIRE. Mr. President-- dockyards, and bases of supplies~ it is folly to spend so much Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Will the Senator from Washing money upon the Navy." If they knew the hollowness of our talk ton yield to me a moment? the people would cry out for shame at this travesty upon the main Mr. SQUIRE. Certainly. tenance of the u Monroe doctrine and the intervention for Cuban PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVES OF JOHN SHERMAN, JR. independence." I have no patience with the discussion that has Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I ask the unanimous consent of been going on, so devoid of practical benefit to anyone. It has the Senate to call up at this time and put on its passage the bill not only operat-ed to make us ridiculous in the eyes of those who (S. 605) relieving the personal representatives of John Sherman, are well informed, but it has brought ruin and financial embar jr., late United States marshal for the Territory of New Mexico, rassment upon thousands and thousands of people who have lost from the requirements of section 833 of the Revised Statutes. It millions of dollars in consequence of this agitation in Congress. is a small private bill, to enable the accounting officers to adjust Nay, more, it has held out false and elusive hopes to people be the accounts of the late John Sherman, jr. yond the seas-hope of relief and assistance never to be realized 3936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 14, in the very nature of things. It is keeping the word of promise service. The Sec~etary o~ the Navy has .presented in his annu~l to the ear to break it to the hope, and thus bringing untold misery report some very Instructive tables showmg the general condition upon hundreds of thousands who look to America for help in the of foreign navies and their building programmes. time of their struggles with tyranny and bloody wrong. Whether As to the comparison of our Navj with that of England, I pre all this is merely politics I know not; but it seems to me exceed sent a very excellent resume, which Admiral Walker in his state ingly wicked and useless. If we are in earnest and mean what ment to the committee said was practically correct. The article we say let us show our purpose by our deeds, by preparation of a containing this in the Scientific American is so good that I venture wise, prudent, and ample character to enable us to be consistent to incorporate the whole of it in my remarks: and to make good our professions. THE NAVAL RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE BRITISH EM PRESENT CONDITION OF COAST DEFENSES. PIRE-A COMPARISON. Now, what is our condition as to national defenses? How that Capt. A. Mahan, of the United States Navy, has pointed out in his cele brated work on the influence of sea power in history, that a preponderance appears to the average Englishman may be learned in the follow of naval ~ower has been the controlling element which has ultimately ing passage from Rudyard Kipling's American Notes: brought VIctory to the nation that poss~ssed it. His conclusions are largely The big, fat Republic that is afraid of nothing because nothing up to the "!Jased UJ!On the European wars of the time of Nelson and the late civil war present date has happened to make her afraid is as unprotected as a jelly mAmenca. fish. Not internally, of course-it. would be madness for any power to throw In view of recent startling and ominous developments in the diplomatic men into America; they would die-but as far as regards coast defense, from relation!3 of t~s co~mtry and Great Britain, it will be, we think, timely and 5 miles out at sea a ship of the power of Her Majesty's ship Collingwood would m~erestmg to mqwre mto the present status of the navies of the two coun wipe out every town from San Francisco to Long Branch; and three first trie , and also to inquire as to what are the battle-ship building resources class ironclads would account for New York, Bartholdi's Statue, and alL possessed by each. It should be noted that in the subjoined tables no ac Reflect on this: 'Twould be "pay up or go up" 'round the entire coast of count is taken of ~hips that possess a speed of less t~an 7t knots per hour or the United States. t~at !lore armed With ~bsolete smooth-bore guns. Sh1ps that are building, but Withm measurable distance of completion-such, for instance, as the Iowe» The Committee on Coast Defenses received statements from the are included in the following tabulation: Major-General Commanding the Army, from a distinguished ad Pirst-class battle ships of the line. miral of the Navy, from the Chief of Engineers, who has charge of the land defenses of the United States, and from the Chief of Total Average To_tal Conntry. number displace- Average Belt displace- Ordnance, who has charge of the construction of the modern high of ships. ment. spee . armor. power guns and the appliances wherewith they are handled. The ment. evidence has all gone to show that the condition of our seacoast United States ______TO?tS. Knots. Inches. Tons. defenses is lamentable in the extreme. The defensive works are 4 10,568 16.42 18 42,274 of a character incapable of resisting modern artillery. The guns Great Britain _____ ------29 13,000 17.47 18 376,000 are of obsolete fattern, of very little value for service, except, per haps, for that G a subsidiary chara~ter, but in no way fit to engage Second-class battle ships. with the great armor-clad vessels of modern times and their pow erful armament. The evidence is overwhelming that in case of United States._---_------1 5,7031 17,110 war our whole people would suffer immea8urably; not only as to Great Britain _____ ------Jl 9,502 ,.13. ·I63 14 to ~I24, 114,000 the cities on the seacoast, but as to the entire country by reason of the interruption of commerce. The evidence is also plain that Third-class battle ships. several years will be required to procure the guns for the necessary United States.------1 22,020 armament for the fortifications on our coasts, and we are not only Great Britain ______'1,075 n_. 1 7to~ 1 taking the risk for the present time but for at least eight years Jl ··"" I 13. 4.8 8 to 12 77,8m ahead by.our failure to inaugurate this work on a suitable scale. Cow;t-defense battle ships. Fromsuchinvestigationas has been practicable itisevidentthat United States: The 6-knot boats, armed with smoothbore guns, are recll a large amount of destructible property, estimated at not less than oned as obsolete. $10,000,000,000 in value, is exposed to attack or at least to heavy Great Britain: 13 ships; 4,040 tons; 11 knots; 8 to 12 inches; 52,530 tons. assessment for the purpose of securing immunity from destruc Total battle ships of all classes. United States: 12 ships, with a total displacement of 81,404: tons. tion. The president of the Chamber of Commerce of New York Great Britain: 65 ships, with a total displacement of 621,280 tons. has informed me that he has given careful attention to the ques In estimating the relative strength of the two navies from the above table tion of the property risks that would at present be sustained in the it must be borne in mind that the basis for comparison should be the total cities of New York, Brooklyn, and Jersey City. He has consulted displacement rather than the total number of ships. Displacement is the capital which the naval designer has to go upon; and if he make a judicious with many of his colleagues in the great business institutions of distribution of weights he will always produce the more effective fighting New York and he estimates that property valued at $4,000,000,000 machine out of the bigger ship. If a 10,00J-ton and a 15,000-ton ship carry the in those cities is subject to destruction or to the iinposition of a ran same armament, the larger vessel will carry that armament more stea.dily, more speedily, with greater command, and, owing to the wider separation som in case of capture of the port of New York by a hostile fleet. of the individual gun stations, with less exposure to disablement of guns and Ten per cent on that amount would not be an unreasonable tax crew. Estimated on this basis, Great Britain po:;sesses a superiority of fight by an enemy. The seacoast cities largely represent the wealth of ing power in first-class ships of the line of 9 to 1. In battle ships of all classes the nation. They exist not for themselves alone but for the en the superiority is 7t to 1. tire country that finds in them its centers of exchange. The Ji1i1·st-clw;s armored and protected cr·uisers. prudence which provides for individual and collective safety by [Of 20 knots speed and upward.] the institution and maintenance of fire departments, police prO Total Average A Total tection, national guards, prisons, and hospitals,. besides the pre Country. number displace- verage displace- miums paid for insurance, would consistently require that provi of ships. ment. speed. ment. sion be made for protection against invasion by a hostile fleet. Tons. Knots. Tons. Coa.st defenses- United States _____ ---·----·-----·--- 5 7, 700 21.9 38,500 Says a distinguished military writer- Great Britain ______------9 9,233 21 83,100 using the word in the proper sense, may be divided into two distinct ele ments, namely: First, the means adopted to deny certain waters to an ene my's vessels; second, the resources, men, organization, supplies, and land Ji1irst-clw;s armored and protected CI'Uisers. fortifications, t~mporary and permanent, available to resist the attack of [Of 19-l knots and under.] forces landed outside the zone of protected water. It is with the first of these elements we now have to deal. First, because greater interests are involved in a sudden blow easily 8"~.!t's';.'l:u":i': ::::::::::::::::::::::1------,;; -1-----7;58i -1------i 7---1----m;;oo administered by a hostile fleet, and, second, because greater time is required to make suitable preparation for resistance. What do Second and third clw;s protected cruisers. we depend upon as to the fi1·st? We have a fairly good navy and United States------·------1 14: 3,2881 18.231 46,028 eth advantage of the great distance to be traversed by a foreign 60 I 19.20 229,600 eflet to reach our shores, which is a principal element of strength Great Britain------3,828 in our favor as to all possible foreign foes excepting one nation. Lookout cruisers. England has great fortified bases of supplies in our immediate vicinity, on both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. That is, she has United States ------·---1 . 51 1,5191 16.731 7,593 the coal supply which is absolutely essential for naval operations. Great Britain------·------19 1,907 17 86,240 In the first place, as to the size of our Navy, that has already been discussed by the Senator from Vermont; but it may not be Gunboats. amiss for me in passing to present briefly the comparison of the navies of the world with our own, as brought out before the Com United States_---·------·-----_ -----1 71 16 7,300 mittee on Coast Defenses, especially in comparing our Navy with Great Britain ______------___ _ 34 1,~1 . 19 28,580 that of Great Britain. It was stated that we were sixth; but I. Admiral Walker afterwards qualified this statement by saying that Total cruisers of all cla8sts. United States: 31 shi:{)S, with a total displacement of 99,421 tons. the navies of Spain and Holland, in some respects, w~re superior Great Britain: 14.8 ships, with a total displacement of 536 725 tons. to ours, taking into conside:J:,ation the number of men and the tor Estimated, as before, on the basis of displacement, this table shows a pre- pedo boats the latter being an important arm of the modern naval ponderance for Great Britain in cruisers of 5l to 1. 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3937
Of merchant steamers which are built to meet ihe naval requirements for There is no sentiment in statistics. conversion into cruisers, the United States have 4 and Great Britain 26. It is certain, moreover, that Great Britain would steadily add to her fleets Torpedo-boat destroye-rs built and building. as the war ;progressed; and with her great shipbuilding facilities she could float six ships to our one, as the following facts will show: In reply to in quiries instituted by the British Admiralty last year to ascertain the extreme war-ship building capacity of the private yards. it was found that if these firms were given a free band as to the details of the designs they could build another navy equal in fighting strength to the whole existing British navy in from two to three years. To this must be added the building capacity of the umrea ___ : __ ------Government dockyards and shops. The astounding resources revealed by Great Britain---sm~------·------~-==r:62 ~~~-;;-250 28 this investigation call for no elaboration on our part to show that Great Brit ain could rapidly increase her preponderance of naval strength if challenged to do so. Torpedo boats. The fact that European diplomats seem disposed to take the British view United States.-----·----·------.-----.--·------· •••••• --······-··-·-·· 10 of the question at issue makes it highly probable that in the event of hostili Great Britain .••...• ------.... ____ .....• ------·--·· 166 ties we should have to engage this colossal navy, with the power of redupli By displacement the preponderance in torpedo boats is 40 to 1. cation which lies behind it, unaided.. Summmg up the totals for battle ships and cruisers combined, we get: Incidentally, in closing, we would remark that the ink is scarce dry upon United States: 4.3 ships, with a total displacement of 180,825 ton!. the paper in which our General-in-Chief, Nelson Miles, has just told us thai Great Britain: 208 ships, with a total displacement of 1,158,005 tons. the very opening of hostilities with a great naval power would see every sea Which shows Great Britain to possess a superiority in fighting ships of all coast city on the Atlantic and Pacific subject either to the humiliation of an descriptions of 6-.\ to 1. indemnity or .to the horrors of bombardment. In the event of a war with that country, these are the odds against which In making the foregoing comparison it is assumed that the United States we should have to contend at the outset. would not submit to a coiiilict merel¥ defensive; that her enterprise would AB against this unpromising opening it will be urged that we are a resource soon cause the field of naval operatiOn to become conterminous with the ful and energetic people, and that we should quickly create a navy. To this shore lines of both hemispheres. The estimate consequently assumes that it must be answered that modern navies are of slow growth-they are not the total force of both fleets would be available. created. The modern battle ship, costly and intricate, puts a heavy discount upon mere resourcefulness and energy, of which we have abundance, and a In this connection I present a statement of all the steel vessels heavy premium upon gun, ship, and armor building plant, of which, for the in the American Navy, showing their character, tonnage, cost, magnitude of the task in hand, we should find that we possessed an alto speed, and their battery. This list includes all that are author gether inadeguate supply. With every factory, mill, and shipyard working at full blast, 1t would take from seven to ten years to cancel that preponder ized by law, as well as those already constructed. Several years ance of 6/tr to 1. will be required to complete them.
Dis- Indicated Tor- Cost of Date of act Type. place Speed. horse Battery. pedo hull and authorizing ment. power. tubes. machinery. construction.
Armored: Tons. Miles. Indiana •••.•••••• ----······ ...... ------Battle ship .....•••• 10,288 15.55 9, 738 4 13-inch; 4 8-inch; 4 6-inch; 00 6 $3,020,000 June 30,1800. machine. Iowa •••• --·--·.-··-·---..•• ------.....do---·-----·-- .. ll,410 16 ll,OOO 4 12-inch; 8 8-inch; 6 4-inch; 28 5 3,010,000 July 19,1892. machine. Maine .•..... ------_••.•• ------· Cruiser ------.. 6,682 17 9,293 4 10-inch; 6 6-inch; 19 machine. 4 2,500,000 Aug.3,1886. Massachusetts----·------Battle ship .•.••.... 10,288 15.5 9,700 4 13-inch; 4 8-inch; 4 6-inch; 30 6 3,020,000 June 30,1890. machine. Oreg
This list does not include the cost uf armaments ·of the·ships, .and -----~-----~--;- --~------There is such a wide diversity of opinion in regard to the effi ciency of torpedo boats that I have not considered them in connec Great Britain •••.•• ------·-·-- 17 46 n 22 21 3 120 Franco----··------5 18 6 18 0 H Gl tion with the armored vessels. Personally I belie-ve in their use Russia ------· ----·· ______o 2 o 1 ·o~ 23 fulness and fully indorse a -statement made to me to-day by a high Germany ------______------1 5 0 7 0 6 w 0 5115 '2 0 25 naval authmity, that w-e -ought to have 100 of these vessels to lfn.liedStates- ~~~~=~==~: :~======::::::::= 2112 3 -8 0 26 render our present and prospective Navy efficient in accordance Turkey • ------·------0 4 0 0 2 1 7 with modern developments. In this line of construction foreign Spain .. ---·----•. --·------___ ------0 3 6 4 0 5 ~ governments have made wonderful progress, and have gone on increasing the size of their boats until they now build no more For coast defense Great Britain leads, with 53 vessels; Holland has 52, Rus sia 33, France 23, Sweden 23, China 16, Norway 16,'Germany 13, United States small ones, but confine themselves almost exclusively to what are 13, and Spain 12. called '·'torpedo-boat destroyers," the latest types of which in the This summary is believed to bethe mos.tfavorableto the United British navy are -of about 300 tons -displacement and h-ave -a speed States that can be made .from the records, and still it shows this of a.s much as 31 knots. country to be far behind the great nations of the world in naval Battle ships are believed to be a necessity despite their great strength. Moreover, it leaves out of sight our deficiency in torpedo cost, .for we must be prepared to take advantage of any 'Circum boats and torpedo-boat destroyers, of which latter we have to-day stance which would perm1t us to overcome the enemy before he only one small vessel in commission, whereas Great Britain has reaches·our coast. We need more of them to maintain with dig 131, Germany 116, France 108, Italy 106, Russia 78, and even Spain nity our national honot and our proper place among th-e great has 36, torpedo vessels; all :in the list I have given being 115 feet nations; but we must not forget that not only will the deprecia in length and over. Sixty-two of the British vessels are torpedo tion of guns and their mounts be greater when placed on one of these floating bases, but that the repairs to the ships themselves boat destroyers, having superior tonnage and speed. will be very great. . The cost of maintaining a proper system of RELATIVE ECONOMY-cOST 'OF OUR NEW NAVY. coast fortifications will be far less than is now annually spent in The question naturally arises as to the relative efficiency and maintaining om· small :tq"avy. economy of land defenses and ships of war. Our people have The guns mounted on floating fortresses have the .gear con shown their disposition not to neglect the Navy. They have be nect-ed with the gun carriages aJmost incessantly under :repair. stowed upon it generous appropriations, as follows: At times these guns will be far fxom home; those mounted in our Appropriations for "Increase of the Nauy." fo1:tifica tions will always be at hand for a -defense to the country. As a shield, the expenditure of $100,'000,000 upon coast defenses Fis~~~=------·------$1,895,000 will be worth .five times the amolmt of money spent in ships. 1887------1888 ______------• ----- n,. 3, 595,861093,362 It may be asked, Why does England spend such an enormous 18S9 _------·· ------5, 760,000 amount upon her fleets? _ The ansWei' is ·plain. Because she has 1890 ------7, 230,000 distant ·colonies to defend, and it may be necessary for her to at 1891 ------••. ------9, 120, 000 tack an enemy in almost any portion of the globe. It is therefore 1892 ------·------16,607,000 essential to that nation that she provide herBelf with a weapon 1893 ------· ------9, 460,000 1894: ------·------··------7, 125,000 rather than with a shield. On the other hand, it has been the 1895 ------9, !)55, ()9.-i) policy of America not to enter upon any-colonial acquisitions, and 1E93 _.••.•• _•...• --·--· ----•..... ------...••••• ---•....• -·-·-. ----- 13,327,521 public sentiment has justified lal'ge eXpenditures for defensive Total -----. ______------____ • ----- ____ -----· 95,173,769 purposes, while the appropriation of large sums for anticipated If to this amount there be added the cost of the Chicago, Boston, aggressive work has never been commended. .Atlanta, and Dolphin, authorized by the act of March3, 1883 ....• 2,«0,000 The suggestion to defend our coasts and seaport cities by 'fleets is impracticable, for it will require e:x;penditures running 'llJ3 into The total becomes.----- ____ ------.•...•. ------·· 97,613,769 several hundred million .Navy, it is essential that the strategists and the various construc The capture or destruction of only a part of our fleet, the de tion boards should settle upon some definite line of policy and deter struction of our docks and our great shipyards (more to be feared mine the value for offensive and defensive purposes of the various than a barbarous bombardment of our cities) will check om· prog classes of vessels. ress for many years to come. And to prevent this nothing will The usefulness of the armored cnuser is yet an undetermined answer but well-planned and well-armed fortifications. It is true questiClll, and her right employment has not yet been satisfactorily that it will require eight years, with ample appropriation, to settled. complete such a system in its entirety. But long before the ex Admiral Jouett commends the building of vessels of the monitor piration of that time a large part of the work will be done and type for coast defense pure and simple. Other authorities see we will have obtained a ve1·y satisfactory degree of protection. very little merit in this class of ships. Admiral Ammen is a dis With sufficient appropriations now there is no reason why every tinguished advocate of the usefulness of the ram. dock and shipyard should not be perfectly secured before the Then, again, the question of homogeneity of construction of ves battle ships about to be provided for will be ready for the sea. sels must be determined before we should enter upon a great naval Our present position, however, is like that of a man who, with a policy. All these undetermined questions make the b-uilding up costly house approaching completion, refuses to insure it until of our Navy expensive. While they are being solved our coast ready for occupancy. The individual position of some of us is should at least be placed in a condition of safety1 particularly as worse than that, for it is that ()fa man who thinks that the nearer the cost is but a fraction of 1 per cent of the injury that could his house is ready for occupancy the less need is there to insure it. be inflicted by a foreign foe, being only one-tenth of 1 per cent, OONSlSTENCY AS TO OTH.ER ELEMEJ."VTS• OF DEFENSE. a,nnually, for eight years, upon the destructible property directly Does not consistency ~equire a reasonable appropriation for th~ exposed at the ports. land defenses? The vessels authorized ocproposed to be authorized by Congress Why do we continue to lay stress upon one of the accepted ele-: during the month will cost not less than $25,000,000~ Before the ments of national defense without eonnectin_g therewith the one end of the year we shall therefore have provided for $135,000,000 remainjng element which is lacking to such, a lamentable degree, worth of ships, but this does not include all the SlliWl which will thus weakening our entire system of defense, which is of necessity be required to carry out the policy outlined in the construction of correlated, one element dependipg upori and assisting the other? these tleets. Besides all the private or commercial shipyards and This syste:q1 in its entirety is well established in the policy of dry docks, we have now eleven United States navy docks, at eight our Government from the commencement of its exi.sten.ce down different places, viz: P-ortsmouth, N. H.;Boston, New York, Phil through ,:;uccessive reports of its highest officials, as well of the adelphia Norfolk, Port Royal, San Francisco, and Puget Sound. Navy as of the Army, and of the eminent statesmen who have It is vitally important that these docks be protected. But ·these held the portfolio of the govermental administration. Poinsett, docks are not sufficient foF ~itary purposes. Officers of the Ca.ss, and Webster have added thell.· weighty words to those of Navystatethatit will be an imperative necessity to provideeven Totten and Bernard, of the An;Q.y, and those of Morris and Dupont, tualiy for four great stone ·docks-at Boston, Port Royal, Sa~ of the Navy. • - Francisco, and Puget SouE.d-for we must be prepared to place The logical relation of these cllfferent elements of defense is these four stations in su.ch condition that each can be made a base practically the same to-day as it was 4l1826, when Totten ~nd of operation for our naval tleets. Bernard made the '' revised report of the Board of Engineers o~ Environing these docks must be engineering and repair shops, the defense of the seaboard." · so that the full measure of usefulness of these great ba.sins can be If there ·be any d.i:fference, it is more favorable to modern land secured. defenses. At this time it is impossible to tell in detail the military reasons It has been generally admitted by military an-d naval experts why such docks will be eventually built at the four places I have that one gill! mounted suitably on shore is equal in efficiency to mentioned, but that they will be constructed within a few years seve:ral guns on s.hip. General }liles places the- proportion of is pronounced a certainty. superiority at 1 to 5;-Admiral Walker, at 1 to 3. Elevated loca A proper system of land defenses is essential to the protection tions for guns, thick parapets, disappear.Jlg gun carriages, and of these additional dock structures and possibly to t}le ships them concealed mortar pits give the land force many advantages. selves. Observations c.an be taken on land at many points clear of smoke The construction of these four docks, the building of necessary and can be communicated instantly by wire to the officer direct sea walls, the dredging of channels leading to the docks, the estab ing the battery. The ship has one advantage in that she CaiJ. lishment of machine and repair shops, and the supplemental 5mall choose he1· position, but she is a frailer fortification, with more docks for the use of lighter crafts will probably necessitate an QX complex elements and more points of exposure. One fortunate penditure of 82(),000,000 more. shot might sink her. Her capacity for carrying ammunition and The more carefully one inquires into the cost of constructing a supplies is limited, and tilie is liable to besetment with accidents. fleet for defensive purposes the more amazed he becomes at the The percentage of destructive hits, disablement of guns, and enormity of the expenditure. loss of life is greater on ship. And most important of all is the Our naval service is small compared with what it will eventu disinclination of sbjps to attack well-appointed forts with then· ally be, but I unreservedly declare that the time has now come modern accessories of torpedo mines and other obstructions to the when the construction of forts a,nd land defenses is of such vital channels of ports. Thus they dare not attack where torpedo mines importance that if funds can not be found in any other way the such as I propose are efficiently protected by guns. 'rhe argument building of ships must be postponed. Reluctantly would I favor as to fleets and fortifications runs back hundreds, yes, thousands, such a merunt.re, for I am ready to vote, n !push forward the land defenses of our seaboard without delay. and magazines are oeing built to resist the assault of far heavier• Rear-Admiral Jouett agrees with Lieutenant-General Schofield, sh€l1B charged with more powerful explosives than any now fore- land Rear-Admiral Walker concurs with Major-General Miles, seen and fired from guns far more powerful than any now afloat. commanding the Army. They all practically agree that "the And the guns to be mounted behind these parapets are more p<;>wer 'relation of fortifications to the Navy is that of a sheltering, suc ful, caliber for caliber, than those carried by any battle ship or coring power, while the relation of the latter to the former is that cruiser that sails the seas. of an active and powerful auxiliary, and that the latter ceases to Therefore, while it may have been wise to delay this work so be efficient as a member of the system the moment it becomes long, there can now be no question as to the propriety, not of jpassive, and should in no case be relied upon as a substitute for taking a new step in a new direction, but of completing the step fortifications." already commenced in the direction of the well-established policy I I do not wish it to be supposed that I am opposed to the increase of this nation. of the Navy. On the contrary, I am in favor of such increase. The system of defenses now proposed and ah·eady partially com 1Atpresent I would not have the fleets less, but I would have the pleted may for convenience be called'' the fourth system," to dis fortifications more, simply because of the lack of the latter-the tinguish it fi·om the three preceding ones out of which it has two go well together, especially for defense. This is well brought grown. out in the following paragraph of the report: Prior to the Revolution there were along our maritime frontier I I! our Navy be inferior to that of the enemy it can afford, of course~ unaided no dockyards, no arsenals, or other depots of military or naval by fortifications, but a. feeble resistance, single ships being assailed oy whole stores. Cities which now lay the world under tribute for their fleets. I! it be equal or SUJ?erior, having numerous points along an extended frontier to protect, and bemg unable to concentrate because ignorant of the wealth were then inconsiderable towns or mere fishers' hamlets. selected pomt of attack, every point must be simultaneously guarded. Our But even then such harbors as those of Boston, New York, Phila separate squadrons may therefore be captured in detail by the concentrated delphia, Charleston, etc., were protected by small works. These, fleet of the attacking power. If we attempt to concentrate under a.n idea however, were of little use during our first war. England, with that a favorite object of the enem:y is foreseen, he will not fail to push his forces upon the places thus left Without protection. This mode of defense her all-powerful navy, taking advantage of the long coast line, is liable to the further objections of being exposed to fatal disasters, although the sparseness of population, and the absence of roads, which not engaged with an enemy, and of leaving the issue of conflict often to be made it impossible for us to meet her with an armed force at all determined by accident, in spite of all the efforts of courage and skill. If it were attempted to improve upon this mode by adding temporary batteries points, could and did use the ocean for her base and landed troops and fleldworks it would be found that because being weak and madequa.te where she pleased. from their nature the most suitable positions for these works must often be Even under these adverse circumstances there was one brilliant neglected under a necessary condition of the plan that the ships themselves be defended. Otherwise, they must either take no part in the contest or be event which thrilled the hearts of our forefathers and taught them destroyed by the superior adversary. their first lesson in the value of fortifications. In 1776 the gallant Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. May! ask the Senator a question? Moultrie, behind a parapet of sand and palmetto logs, defended the · The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BACON in the chair). Does haJ.·bor of Charleston against the· attack of a British fleet of 2 the Senator from Washington yield to the Senator from Oregon? frigates and 6 sloops of war. There were 270 guns afloat against , Mr. SQUIRE. With pleasure. 30 on shore; yet after an action of more than ten hours the fleet 1 was decisively repulsed, and with great comparative loss-an event Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. The Senator spoke of the in0rease which gave that part of the country absolute rest from the calam of the Navy. I desire to inquire of him whether the bill to which ities of war for the next two and one-half years. he refers contemplates any increase of the Army, and if so, to After the establishment of our independence Washington urged what extent? the necessity of proper land defenses for our coast, and after the Mr. SQUIRE. I shall be glad to answer that question, although outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 most of the Atlantic I had not included any reference to it in my remarks. The War and Gulf ports were defended by small works. These formed what Department has made a careful examination of this subject, and the engineers have called the "first system" of defenses. the statement has emanated from that Department that the in Continued friction with the French and English Governments crease in the Army necessary in time of peace for manning all led to further appropriations for defense, resulting by 1812 in what the coast defenses contemplated by the Endicott Board and by the is known as the "second system." These works were not only subsequent boards of engineers who have been occupied on this small and weak, but being built, for th.e sake of economy, of cheap subject, when the entire system shall have been completed, will material and workmanship, were very perishable, as shown by amount to 70 foot batteries. A foot battery is at present com General Totten: posed of 64 enlisted men and 4 officers, there being 3lieutenants The Government, aware of this weakness, called out to" their support dur to a. foot battery. In what I now say I refer to the establishment ing the war vast bodies of militia at enormous expense, covering these troops in time of peace. In time of war, of course the number of men with extensive lines of field works. and of officers would have to be increased. It is estimated that Bad as it was, this system was not without its value. It pro under such circumstances the full complement would amount to tected New York and Boston from capture, but nearly the whole 25,000. It will, however, take us many years to complete these of theNew England coast was kept in constant terror by maraud works of defense and to manufacture the necessary guns, so that ing expeditions, while the shores of Long Island Sound and Ches if we should enter in full upon the work contemplated by the bill apeake Bay were ravaged by the British fleets. now before the Senate the increase immediately in prospect would It was a lesson taught by costly experience and learned in bitter be very small. I understand that an increase of two regiments of humiliation. This experience and humiliation bore speedy fruit foot batteries would be sufficient for the immediately prospective in the steps taken by the first Congress which met after our second requirements. war with England, toward the creation of the "third system" of HISTORICAL GROWTH OF OUR SYSTEM. coast defenses. It is this system which we are now i>lowly, too A glance at the historical development of our coast defenses slowly, replacing, as it replaeed its predecessors. It is represented will show that the question now under consideration does not by those magnificent granite fortresses which still rise out of the indicate a new departure, but · a logical step in continuation of lagoons of the-Mississippi; which from the Tortugas and the reefs the settled policy of this Government since its foundation. of Florida frown over the blue waters of the Gulf; which for Strictly speaking, it is not a new system of defenses that we are three generations have stood guard at the entrance to every har seeking, but an adaptation of the existing system to meet new bor on our coast from Louisiana. to the farthest frontier of Maine, conditions. It is true that, due to our long delay while these new and for half a century made our seacoast cities and doc:kyards conditions were being fully determined,. so many new construc and arsenals as safe from attack as an inland city on the banks of tions are now required as to make the proposed system, by itself the Ohio. The black muzzles which fringed their parapets and considered, practically a new one. But that indicates no change were thrustthrough theirembrasuresspoke silently but eloquently in policy. It only means that we have "skipped" some of the in support of the diplomacy that guided us to more than one steps in the process of evolution, to the great advantage of the tax peaceful treaty, and, in conjunction with a stillformid&ble Navy, payer. Instead of costly experiments with new machinery before had their due influence on the measures culminating in the arbi we knew just what work that machinery must perform, we have tration of Geneva. waited until some of the conditions have settled into comparative The third system-our first permanent one-originated with the permanency or until all probable new conditions can be foreseen board of engineers constituted by the Government in 1816. and can be anticipated before they occur. With this board were associated navy officers of rank and expe Even if we could suppose the most radical improvements in rience whenever their examinations includad the t3ites of dock naval construction to-morrow, it would be many years before the yardB, naval depots, etc. navies of the world would be rea-dapted so as to embody them. The board devoted several years of unremitted labor to this But it is now as certain as anything human can be that these im duty, and to carry out their plans Congress annually gave grants provements will be slowly made and will occur along lines already for fortifications until om;. coast was admittedly the best defended marked out. They will be in the direction of armor of greater of any in the world. resistance, of guns of greater penetration, and of explosives of The principles established and defined by this board have been, higher power. But all of these conditions have been anticipated and, so long as fortifications are needed, will remain the guide for in the plans upon which we are already working. Our parapets their construction. And, as I have already shown, any one who 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3941 cares to study in detail their reports, extending over a peri9d of belief that it would lull the nation into an undue sense of security many years, and the opinions of naval officers which were solicited and lead to the neglect of the Navy which must be our offensive by the War Department, will be struck by the unanimity with arm in a foreign war. which they concur in the belief that strong fortifications are I have already referred to the true relation of fortifications and indispensable for the well-being of a Navy, no matter how power the Navy to each other, and to the general system of defense, as ful the latter may be. It may be well to further amplify the well set forth in the earlier reports of the Board of Engineers. showing on this point for the benefit of any doubting Thomas, if The coast being properly fortified, the Board adds: such there be. Not long before the outbreak of our civil war a The Navy, no longer needed for passive defense, will move out upon its distinguished officer of the Navy (Dupont) wrote to the Secretary proper theater of action, though inferior to the enemy, with confidence; in knowing tbatl whether victorious or whether endangered by the vicinity or of War strong advocacy of land coast defenses from the naval the pursuit or a. superior force. they can strike the extended coast of their point of view. He said: country at numerous points, where succor and protection await them. In truth it can not be questioned that our principal seaports, naval depots., Hovering around the flanks and rear of blockading fleets, and recapturing and all important points on our seaboard should receive commensurate pro their prizes; falling upon portions of these fleets, separated for minor objects tection; neither should there be~ in our judgment, a question as to the mode or by stress of weather; watching the movements of convoys; breaking up in which this protection should oe given. It would seem unnecessary to set or restraining the enemy's commerce in distant seas; meeting by concert at forth the al1vantages for such purposes of fixed defenses of fortifications. distant points and falling in mass upon his smaller squadrons or upon his The.se advantages have been shown over and over again by our distinguished colonial possessions, and even laying contributions in the unprotected ports; engmeers and never controverted. To run over some of these once more- blockading for a time the narrow seas and harassing the coasting commerce of the enemy's home-these are objects which our own history shows may be Once more, as I have done to-day- accomplished, although contending against a nation whose marine bas never it may be said of forts that they are the only permanent defenses, and the most been :paralleled as to force and efficiency, with a navy apparently, as to num economical. * * * Forts offer means by which a small force is enabled to bers, msignificant. Our own history shows that the reason whv our infant resist a. large one, a small number of men a large army. In the event of an Navy did not accomplish still more was that the enemy, being able to occupy attack by a competent power upon a place liable to be put under contribu unfortified harbors, was enabled to enforce a blockade so strict as to confine tion the mjury might be accomplished before sufficient means of resistance a portion within our waters. That this portion was not captured is to be could be assembled. Forts can be made impregnable against any naval force attributed solely to a respect, so misplaced that it could only have been the that could be brought against them, and are needed for the protection of our fruit of ignorance, for the then existing fortifications, a result amply com own fleets while preparing for hostilities upon the ocean. They secure depots pensating the nation for the cost of these works. for munitions of war, and render defense certain and easy, and above all a It would be difficult-nay, impossible-to estimate the full value of the re defense which rarely involves the loss of life, leaving the ordinary state of sults following the career of our Navy when it shall have attained its state of society undisturbed. manhood under the favorable conditions heretofore indicated; i.e., with well-fortified coasts. Again he says: We shall find the war and all its terrors shut out from our territory by our To employ our active Navy, in w;hole or in part, to the entire. or partial fortresses and transferred by our Navy to the bosom of the ocean, or even abandonment of our system of fortifications, would be to supplant impre~ to the country of the enemy, should be, relying on a different system, have nable bulwarks by pregnable ones-a fixed security by a changeable one; It neglected to fortify the avenues by which he is assailable. Onr wars, thus would be exposing ourselves to the chance of being suddenly left for a time becoming maritime, will be less costly in men and money, and more in uni without defense, through new discoveries in the art of war; it would be son with our great institutions, leaving untouched our domestic relations, opening the way to expenditures of money of which no estimates could count our industry, and our internal financial resources. the sums; it would be depriving our commerce of its legitimate protection, Secretary of War Cass, in a report to President Jackson, said: and would be 1·esi~g our sense of security, peace of mind, and continuance in our pursuits without interruption, in the event of war. I consider the duty of the Government to afford adequate protection to the In conclusion- seacoast-a subject of paramount obligation, and I believe we are called upon by every consideration of policy to push the necessary arrangements as He said- rapidly as the circumstances of the country and the proper execution of the whatever may be decided in relation to the national defense by fortiflcar work will allow. tionB, I beg leave to express an emphatic dissent from all theories having for their object the substitution of actjve ships of war for permanent works. Secretary of War Poinsett, in a letter to the Speaker of the '!'his would be placing the Na:vy in a false position before the country; giv ·House of Representatives transmitting the report of a board of ing it duties to ;perform for which its orgamzation is inapplicable; :preparing officers on the subject of coast defenses, said: for its future discredit and loss, through failures to execute that which should After a careful and anxious investigation of a subject involving in so high never have been undertaken, which is not embraced in the general scope and a degree the safety and honor of the country, I fully concur in the opinions design of a naval establishment. expressed by the board of the superiority of permanent works of defense The plan to retain the Navyfor harbor defensewas entertained over all other expedients that have yet been devised, and of their absolute necessity if we would avoid the danger of defeat and disgrace. It would, in as the commencement of the last war with England; the proposition my opinion, prove a most fatal error to dispense with them and to rely upon to do so sprung from the apprehension that it could not compete our Navy alone, aided by the number, strength, and valor of the people, to with the vastly superior English forces upon the ocean. But at protect the country aB"a.inst the attacks of an enemy possessing great naval means. To defend a lme of coast 3,000 miles in extent and effectually to guard that time some brave and sagacious officers in the high ranks · all the avenues to our great commercial cities and important naval depots the saved the Navy from the fate which threatened it, and to those Navy of the United States must be very superior to the means of attack of gentlemen it owes all its subsequent honors, usefulness, and pros the most powerful powers in the world; and this large naval armament, in stead of _performing its proper function as the sword of the State in time of perity. If any such ideas prevail at this day, in or out of the pro war, and sweeping the enemy's commerce from the seas, must be chained to fession, those holding them would do well to pause and consider the coast or keep within the harbors. wh!l.t the Navy would have lost if our ships of war had, at that These opinions and many others which might be quoted show the eventful period, been deprived of the opportunity of filling so universal belief among military and naval men that the fortifica bright a page in the Nation's history by their achievements upon tions and a navy are indispensable complements in any well-consid the ocean. ered system of defense, neither of which can be employed to the . In this connection an eloquent passage in the speech of a great exclusion of the other. Fortifications protect our harbors from statesman is recalled, delivered in the Senate of the United States occupation and our seaport cities from bombardment and eapture. in 1838. After alluding to our being at wa,r ·with England at a But to protect the incoming and outgoing commerce a fleet is nec moment when she had gained an ascendency on the seas over the essary that can move with freedom to any point that may be de whole combined powers of Europe, and quoting the familiar sired. Let us suppose, as many naval authorities do, that a fleet verses of her poet- of 12 battle ships, With its proper complement of armored cruisers, Her march is o'er the mountai.D. wave, torpedo boats, etc., will be sufficient for this purpose on our Atlantic Her home is on the deep- and Gulf coasts, and that 4 battle ships, with cruisers, etc., will be :Mr. Webster says: sufficient for the Pacific coast. It is evident that this number is Now, sir, since we are at war with her, I was for intercepting this march; based upon the supposition that the vessels shall not be confined I was for calling upon her and paying our respects to her at home; I was for giving her to knowtha.twe, too, bad a right of way over the seas, and that our .in their work to mere coast-defense duty. In the latter case some officers and our sailors were not entire strangers on the bosom of the deep; one port must be selected for defense, leaving the others exposed, I was for doing something more with our Navy than to keep it on our shores or the fleet must be scattered and liable to annihilation in detail. for the protection of our own coasts and ou1· own hm·bors: I was for giving play to its gallant and burning spirit; for allowing it to go forth upon the United it may easily be able to destroy any fleet likely to attempt seas, and to encounter upon an open and an equal field whatever the proudest the blockade of our coasts. And this freedom of action for the or the bravest of the enemy could bring against it. The ocean, therefore, Navy can only be secured by a sufficient system of land fortifi was -the proper theater for deciding this controversy with our enemy; and on that theater my ardent wish was that our own power should be concen cations. At this moment our Navy is not able, and unless it trated to the utmost. should be made more powerful than even that of England it never will be able, to protect our scattered dockyards. Its only In commenting upon these words of Webster. Dupont adds: chance of saving itself from destruction by a powerful enemy will It would be ill-suited, indeed, to the spirit of this nation to retain its naval lie in its ability to concentrate to meet the attack. From this forces in its own waters during a war, especiallyifthatwarwas with a naval power. Steam, this new element in the affairs of the world, has very mate point of view it is not too much to say that the immediate erec rially changed our position with reference to other nations. Our distance tion of suitable fortifications will add many millions of dollars to from Europe, measured in time, is now reduced to a brief period of ten days. the effective value of our fleet without spending an additional These United States have hitherto been advancing the general cause of human liberty by an active and progressive peace; but do not events abroad more penny for ships. . and more indicate that we may, at no distant day, be forced into our defense COAST DEFENSES OF EUROPEAN POWERS. to aid this cause of freedom by an active war? And if this view be correct we should naturally expect to find Similar views were expressed by such officers as Morris, Perry, that the great naval powers of the world have acted and are act Stewart, Maury, Dahlgren~ and others. Those who deprecated ing in accordance therewith. Let us scan for a moment tlie coasts the idea of very elaborate fortifications did so in the expressed of Europe. 3942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 14, The authority for the following statements is the standard work t time to time that Great Britain is. now increasing her fortifi.· · published in 189--1 by Carl Didelot, lieutenant de vaisseau, entitled cations and heavy a1·mament in Canada on both the Atlantic and "La Defense des Cotes d'Europe; etude descriptive an double Pacific coasts. Thus, for the defense of Halifax. there are 8 point de vue militaire et maritime" (the defense of the sea- powerful works mounting at least 62 guns of from 7 to 12 inches coasts of Europe; a desc:ripti.ve study from both the military and caliber, besides rapid-fire guns, mortars,. and a most complete the naval point of view). system of submarine defenses. At Esquimalt an elaborate sys- There are now upon the maritime frontiers of Europe, including tem of land defenses is being rapidly pushed to completion, but M.alta, 139 fortified 1!\eaports, besides a number of others where details as to the works and their armaments are not available. the modern conditions have made it unnecessary or inexpedient However, from what England has done and is doing at other to maintain the fortifications which, though still existing, are now places of equal importance we may infer what she is doing herer more or less out of date. Of these ports 35 are known as ports de At the Bermudas, for the defense of her two harbors and the dock guerra (wd.r ports), where are concentrated the dockyards, the yards, she has 13 forts. In 7 of these there are mounted 78 heavy nrsenals, the depots of supplies, and the other establishments in- guns, the total armament being probably more than 100. dispensable to the naval services of the countries to which they So it is, we are encircled as a. nation with a chain of foreignfor belonoo. These ports in particular have received every attention tres es and coaling stations impervious to attack, whiTe our rich that the art of the engineer can bestow, and have been fortified at seacoast cities and ports, commencing at Portland, Me., near to lavi h expense. - fortified Halifax. in Canada, continuing down the coast, Ports- England has in Europe alone 21 fortified ports, including two in month, Boston, New Bedford, Providence and Narragansett Bay, the Channel Islands and Gibraltar and :Malta. Seven of these, New London, New Haven and Bridgeport, New York, Philadel Plymouth, Portsmouth, Sheerness1 Milford-Haven, Queenstown! phia, Baltimore, Wilmington, Del., Norfolk, Wilmington, N.C., Gibraltar, and Malta, ru:e military ports fortified with especial Charleston, Port Royal, Sa-vannah, Pensacola, Key West, :Mobile, care and great expense. ' New Orleans, and Galveston, within a few hours' rapid steaming If there be any nation that could safely rely upon its fleet alone from the foreign fortified ports of Bermuda, Nassau, Habana, and for the protection of its coasts, it certainly is Great Britain. It Kingston; and a~in, on the Pacific coast, San Diego, San Fran will therefore be both interesting and instructive to note in a few ciscor Portland, vreg., and Puget S{)und, with its United States cases what she has deemed necessary, in the way of f01·tifications, dry dock, coaling places, and cities, some of them within sound of for the defense of her principal ports. British cannon atEsquimalt, all lay dominated, exposed, and help- England has now mounted in her coast defenses 920 hemry guns, less against the attack of any foreign power that p esses a navy. as comp;rred with the 517 which we propose for our system. Some Fabulous wealth lies at the mercy of a free booting enemy if of the English gu:ns are still of the older and weaker models. such shall at any time elude our small and scattered Navy. Their number will doubtless be reduced when these are replaced Onr foreign commerce and coasting trade are alike without. by the best modern guns. Their calibers are 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 16, and harbol'S of refuge behind land defenses. Our great dry docks and 17.72 inches, as compared with our 5, 8, 10 1 12, and possibly in shipbuildi.Dg yards, onr arms factories and powdeY mills near the fu.tt:Ire years 16 inches. coast, are·subject to easy destruction, and our Navy is without pro- The naval port of Plymouth and Davenport is defended against tected bases for receiving suJ)plies and effecting the repairs that attack by sea or land by four great groups of works~ Limiting are constantly required. And yet we plume ourselves on our our attention solely to the defenses of the water approaches, we diplomacy! find for this one purpose that 15 J?OWerful forts and batterie~ have Inasmuch as we :;u-e ta~g lessons of England ~d imitating been constructed for 232 heavy nfied guns of from 8 to 12 rnches her as best we can- m the mcrease of our Nary, and m our naval caliber, besides mortars. Themostimporlantoftheseareentirely architecture, it mayalso be well to consider to what e.rtent we plated with armor. should imitate her in the policy of constructing land defenses, at For the defense of Portsmouth and Southampton, at"Spithead least for home protection on our own shores. True wisdom will and the Needles, against attack by sea there are 20 forts and not be satisfied with an uneqnal and "lopsided" system of defenseS'.· batteries, most of them completed within the last few years.. Whatever there is in our position and character a a nation that Four of these forts are entirely plated with armor, and are designed: calls f01• a navy also calls in equal if not louder tones: for land for 130 guns of from 8 to 12 inches caliber. The total defense defen es. If we are to neglect the one because of it! expense, or against sea attack contemplates over 300 heavy guns, besides because of the assumed lack of it necessity, then to be consistent mortars. we should omit the other. To build up a magnificent navy, or even Dover, which is not a naval port, is defended against the sea by a fairly good navy, without the use of fortifications ·~ is but to invite three powerful works, one of which is armored and mounts 16-inch disaster at the first shock of arms, and is· the height of folly. guns. EV.ANUELIZATTON. Sheerness and Chatham a.re defended by 10 works, some of them Much has been said in regard to the ameliorating influence armored, mounting at least 86 heavy guns. The armament of these which advancing Christianity and civilization are affecting among works is not generally known. the gt'eat nations of the times. It is occasionally said: in answer Those who desire may easily pursue this subject into the great- to the demand for defensive works that the spirit and tA, ndency of est detail, in order to see how much thought and money has been the age is toward peaceful progress and the avoidance o! wars and expended upon her fortifications by the nation which might be conflicts, and toward the agency of arbitration and mediation to supposed to have the least need to rely upon them. effect wise and pacific settlements of vexed questions between Across the channel her neighbor and rival for naval supremacy nations. We hope and long for this to be true, and the vrish may possesses on her continental. coast alone 28 fortified ports, of which be father to the thought in th1s as in many·other things. 0. are "war ports." Germany has11, with 2 "war p01·ts." Rus- I remember that this doctrine was very prevalent man.,v years sia has 14, with 4 "war ports" of the first class and 4 of the sec- ago when the cefeb1-ated International Peace Conference at Ge ond class. ItaJ.y has 20, with 4 "war ports." Spain has 10, with neva took place. All the world was then in pr9found pea..,~e and 3 "war ports.'' Denmark has 7, with 1 '' Wal' port.'' Sweden and seemed likely to remain so, yet within comparatively few years N01'Way have 9, with 3 "war ports." since that great International Peace Conference have occm·red Upon the coast of Europe, excluding Ttirkey; but including some of the most terrific, destructive, and bloody wars ever kl:;own England, France, Belgitliil, Holland, Germany, Russia, Sweden inhisto:ry. Severalotherinternationalconferenceshaveconvened. and Norway, Denmark, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece, there Such bodies- carry no international authority. It has been said are now 139 strongly fortified seaports, of which 3'4 are the great· that ''war can not at all times be avoided, however pacific and military-naval ports, fortified with all the skillof the engineer's art~ forbearing our policy; that nothing will condu:ce more to an un- There is no information available as to the- amount of money inten-rrpted peace than that state of preparation which expose no expended upon these works, but a. description of them as given weak points to the hostility, and offers no gratification to the cu· in the work from whi-ch the preceding data have been compiled pidity, of the other nations of the earth." leaves no doubt that many of them have been fortified with a The influences of ambition and commercial and manufootuTing degree of elaborateness and eXl_:>ens:e far beyond what is now con- rivalry will continue to exert much influence upon the minds of templated for any of our own ports. those who control human governments. The wisest nations of Thus we s-ee what the wisdom of all thes-e enlightened nations our day do not disregard these conditions. Procrastination and has led them to provide for their home seacoast defenses in addi- weak credulity as to our fancied moral and physical strength have ti.'On to their powerful navies. been carried too far in our case, leading us to neglect such prepa- If we are to consider the fortified ports of England throughout rations as are in accordancs with the matured opinions of the the world it would appear that the number of guns. she has wisest and soundest thinkerS'. mounted is much greater than I have described relative to her fu .the language of the_re:(>ort. from,.,. the Committee on Military own home defenses. Affm:rs by Mr. F. P. Bla1r, Jr., 1n 186;.}: Take the English fortified posts in the immediate vicinity .of Congress must not only make appropriation.~ but make them at suitable the United States, as at Halifax, Bermuda, Kingston:rSanta Luma, times and ill sufficient. amounts; to be most errec:tive, a.pproJ.>riations must and at Esquimalt. These alone far exceed all the land defenses be n.ot only adequate but also timely ~d consecutive; else 1 construction of ships and fortifications delays increase theiT cost. Fore The Senator from Indiana [1t!r. TURPIE] was impressed with thought and promptitude, fai:thfuln.ess and integrity, will, at an early day, at reasonable cost, call into existence admirable defenses, of the excellence the humor of the case, because he said that if the c~tention of of which our natiol) will be proud. the.advocates of the admission of Mr. DuPont is correct, then Mr. DuPont was elected Senator twenty-eight times on the same EXPLANATION OF THE BTI..L. day. The Senator said that ordinarily it was an honor for any one Mr. President, I desire in conclusion to make a few words of person to be elected Senator three or four times in the coli!'se of explanation of the bill. The bill presented by the Co~~tee o.n three or four times six years; but here, he said, Mr. DuPont was Coast Defenses is intend.ed to meet- the wants of the nation m this elected, if at all, twenty-eight times, which the Senator thought respect. It haB received the approval of the Secretary of War was extraordinary, and, with humor somewb.at grim, he com and of the Chiefs of the two great Departments of Engineers and mented upon that curious circumstance. Ordriance. If it shall be adopted, provision will be made for the Mr. President, it was curious, and yet itwas true. 1\Ir. Du Pont construction of the fortifications necessary for the defense of the iVaS elected on the 9th day of May United States Senator twenty principal seacoast cities of the United States: . . eight times, but the difficulty was to get the election declared. If The situation and armament of these fortifications has m each at the end of any one balloting he had been declared elected, the case been the subject of study by the Board of Ut?ted Stat~ En subsequent ballot-illt,a-s would not have taken place. But here was gineers, whose plaTIB have been approved by the Chief of Engmeers Watson. The trouble was, as has been the trouble all through, and by the Secretary of War. t<>o much Watson. There firmly stood the governor of the State. The aggregat e number of direct-fire high-power guns of. all ~li Delaware is an anomalous State under any legislative conditions, bers required is 517; the aggregate number of mortars 18 1,0o6. because she has but 9 senators and 21 represen tatives. Thirty For the construction of these guns, emplacements, and car men in two little rooms constitute the legislature of Delaware. riages about eight years will be req.nir~~ and the sum of. at least 1\Ir. GRAY (in his seat). How many senators has New Ramp- ~ $80,000,000. This sum can not be JUdlCIO~ly expended m a le~s shire? time except under ~eat stress and at additional cost to the Gov Mr. CHANDLER. Ordinarily I should ask the Senator from ernment· and even m that case it will be very difficult to complete Delaware, if he addressed a remark-to me, for which I would yield, the a~ent in a much shorter period. to rise; but I will answer without the Senator doing that. It is provided in the bill that-the sum of only $10,000,000 be ap 1\Ir. GRAY. I will do so, Mr. President. With the permission propriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1897, and that.an of the Senator n·om New Hampshire, if I have his permission- expenditure be authorized of $10,000,000 for each of thesucceedmg ;L\fr. CHANDLER. Certainly. seven fiscal years, ending June 30, 1904; t~lis the tax would. be com Mr. GRAY. I a-sk him hownmny senators the State of New paratively light for ea~h year, not equaling that of the nver and Hampshire has? · harbor bill, which for the past ten years has averaged annually Mr. CHANDLER. Twenty-four, and nearly 400 representa between thirteen and fourteen million dollars. Think of it! 8279,- tives-a State quite as small in all other respects as Delaware, and 916,317.69 has been appropriated since 1872 for the improvement yet it has 24senatorsandnearly400representatives, while Delaware of rivers and harbors, that is, for the benefit of commerce; and has 9 senators and 21 representati-ves, and when they elected a yet we have been so afflicted with "coast-defemle blindness" that Senator 15 to 14, behold there was Watson among them, the gov we have expended only ten or eleven million dollars for the pro ernor of the State, trying to make the thirtieth, and voting. tection of these harbors during the same period. 1rir. GRAY. The constitution of New Hampshire, whichihave It is also provided in the bill that the expenditures are to be here in a publication-of course I shall be glad to be corrected~ made proportionately to the estimated cost of the defenses at each says that New Hampshire has12 senators. of the ports to be defended, so that so far as practicable an the Mr. CHANDLER. TheSenatorisdelvinginantiquities. There principal seaport cities in the Union may ~e.~uitably and co~ were but 12 under the miginal constitution. About a dozen years temporaneously benefited bythe outlay. This IS mtended to avm? ago we changed it to 24. But we always had, I will say to the favoritism and the protection of thecountryfrom undueexpendi Senator, a very large body of representatives, varying f1:om 300 ture at some ports to the exclusion of expenditures at other im up to 400. portant places. It is proposed to leave this outlay to the great Now, I repeat, Mr. President, that the trouble in Delaware was ·departments of the engineers and ordnance, under the provisions that there was Watson, the governor, presiding, and he would of existing law especially made and adapted to the purpose. not declare an election; and so the ballotings went on all day on If any additional safeguard shall hereafter be deemed n-ecessary the 9th of May until the time came when the law adjourned the in the working out of the present system it can easily be added legislature; and during that whole period the joint assembly was by subsequent legis~atio~. It ~as ~ot been thought .ad~ahle to compelled to go on electing Mr. DuPont over and over again be present in connection With this bill any method of raasmg the cause·it had then present the governor of the State sitting as a money proposed to be expended. The amount to be expended per member of the legislature, and not only, as we contend, thrusting annum under -the provisions (}f the bill does not seem to be so his vote illegally into the balloting, but presiding and declaring great as to render necessary any departure from the established that there was no choice. methods of raising the revenue of the Government, and it has been Mr. President, there he was, and the legislature could not get feared that if an effort be made to raise the money for this pur rid of him. They were in the predicament of Sindbad the Sailor; pose by any specific device of legislation, differences of views as to the best method of raising this money may cause injurious de The Old Man of the Sea. on the neck of him Who seven times crossed the deep, lays in securing the legislation necessary for defenses. Twined closelr ea.c.hlean and withered limb, I therefore hope that the bill will be adopted without serious Like the rughtmare in one's. sleep. modification, either as a separate measure or in the fortifications Watson was the nightmare, the incubus, the terro.r, tbeusurper, appropriation bill. An economic, sound system of national de that hindered the declaration of the election of a Senator and fense is the rock upon which rests permanent safety and success- made it necessary for the legislature to keep electing over and ful diplomacy. . . . . over again this Senator whom they had once chosen .. Since the people ha-ve commenced to receiVe informatiOn on this Mr. HILL. Will the Senator from New Hampshire allow me? subject they are being heard from in no uncertain tones, and the Mr. CHANDLER. Certainly. indications are that they expect this Congress to act. Mr. HILL. I understood the Senator to say that- there was an SENATOR FROM DE.LAWARE. election on these varioUB ballots, but that Mr. Watson declared / 1\Ir. CHANDLER. I call up the resolution declaring Henry A. that no one was elected. Did any Republican senator request the Du Pont entitled to a seat in the Senate from the State of Dela governor to declare an election? ware. Mr. CHANDLER. There was, as the ballotings went on, a T.he Senate resumed the consideration of the resolution reported protest against the governor's rightto vote. by :M:r. MITCHELL of Oregon from the Committee on Privileges :Mr. HILL. That is not the question I asked. Did anybody at and Elections February 18, 1896, as follows: that time make the point that there was an election and request RM(}lved, That Henry A. Du Pont is entitled to a. seat in the Senate from the governor to declare an election? · the State of Delaware for the full term commencing March 4,1895. Mr. CHANDLER. I think the.re was no request that the gov Mr. CHANDLER. Mr. President, thisiscertainlyacaseof new ernor should declare an election. There was at some time a pro impressions. Delaware has treated the country to a novel sight. test against the right of Watson to vote, and I think a claim that This Government has existed under its present Constitution more Du Pont was elected. than one hundred years. Daring that period probably 1,000 Sen Mr. HILL. That was after all the votes had been taken, was it ators have been elected. Thls, so far as we are aware, is the first not? case in which a governor of a State voted for a United States Sen Mr. CHANDLER. I am not certain whether it was after all ator. It has generally been supposed that the gov8!nor b.elon~ed the votes had been taken or not. to th~ executive branch of government and not to 1ts legislative. Mr. GRAY. Yes; it was after. Here, howeve1·, being the executive, he leaps over into the legisla Mr. CHANDLER. But here was this incubUB, here was Wat ture and votes for Senator; and the question is whether in this son, William T. Watson, Senator Watson, President of the Senate case Governor Wats.on could do that thing while he was governor. W atson, Governor Watson, P ooh-Bah Watson, the executive of 3944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 14, the State of Delaware, possessed with all the executive power of the bill, and then return to the Executive Mansion and sign the that State. There he stood, and it was, I think, to the credit of the bill and make it a law? State of Delaware and to its representatives that no effort was J',IIr. President, I am willing now to have an answer, yea or nay, made to thrust him from the legislative halls back into the execu to that proposition. I have written it out, three or fom· copies, tive chamber, and that the representatives and senators chose to and they will be enough for all my auditors, unless I secure more appeal from his declaration and the apparent result of his vote to than did the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. GEORGE] the other the Senate of the United States, as they do now appeal. day, to whom I send my last remaining copy. Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Fifteen Senators protested in lf the Vice-President can do this, then William T. Watson, writing. who had become a State senator in Delaware and speaker of the Mr. CHANDLER. The Senator from Oregon calls my atten senate, had upon Governor Marvil's death sun•endered the chair tion to the fact that 15 senators at that time made a protest in of the senate to a president pro tempore and succeeded to the office writing against what was going on. But, Mr. President, it affected' of governor, performing the duties of the executive office, could no legal right whatever. It is admitted that Governor Watson keep watch of the proceedings of the legislature, and finding it went in, that he presided and voted, and it was not until the close about to elect a United States Senator by 1 majority, could go of the balloting that protest was made, and then it was made in from the executive office to the legislative hall, crowd from his a peaceful and dignified manner. seat the president pro tempore, preside himself, vote for a Sena Mr. HILL. Was there any protest made during the balloting tor, thereby apparently defeating the choice, declare that no elec at all? tion had taken place, again vacate the speaker's chair, and return Mr. GRAY. None whatever. to the executive office and go on with his functions as governor. Mr. CHANDLER. The Senator from New York asks whether On the other hand, if the Vice-President of the United States can there was any protest made during the balloting, and the Senator not lawfully do the acts first described, then William T. Watson, from Delaware, in his seat, says there was none; and unless I was of Delaware, could not lawfully do the acts next described. very sure I was right I should not think of contradicting both Let us see exactly what the case is which I have supposed. We those Senators. will take the case of President Arthur, who, as Vice-President, suc Mr. HILL. I asked the question. Ididnotmake an assertion. ceeded to the Presidency upon .the death of President Garfield. Mr. CHANDLER. I do not know. He left this Chamber, he took the oath of office as President, he Mr, HILL. I understood the Senator to say a minute ago that began performing the functions of President at the Execut.ive Man during the balloting they contented themselves in a dignified, sion~ and he remained there for over three years, and the Senate quiet way with protesting. That is the point I wanted to know chose a President pro tempore. Suppose exactly the case I have about. stated in the clause which I have read. Suppose the Vice-Presi Mr. CHANDLER. It was during this anomalous proceeding. dent~ having thus become President, became interested in the pas Mr. HILL. I asked whether it was the fact. sage of a bill. Suppose that bill which he desired to have become Mr. CHANDLER. Whether it was while the balloting was a law had passed the House of Representatives and came to the going on or at the close I do not undertake to say, nor does it Senate, where it was supposed to have a majority. President make any difference. Arthur, however, learning that some Senators supposed to be in Mr. HILL. I understood that the Senator had undertaken to favor of the bill had concluded to vote against it, and learning say it was during the balloting. I ask whether it' was not in fact that in all probability the vote would be a tie, comes to the Capi after the balloting had been finished? tol. The bill is about to be voted upon. The President protem Mr. CHANDLER. It was during the proceedings which were pore is in the chair. The door opens just before the vote is to be going on. There were no proceedings, as I remember, except the taken. The President of the United States thereupon goes to the ballotings, and as soon as the hour came when it was incumbent chair, ousts the President pro tempore, takes the gavel of the Sen upon the governor to declare the legislature adjourned it did ate, the result of the tie vote is announced, he declares it a tie, adjourn. votes in the affirmative, declares the bill to have passed, retires Mr. IDLL. The journal does not show that there was any pro from the chair, goes out the door, returns to the Executive Man test at all presented. sion, and again begins the performance of the functions of Presi Mr. CHANDLER. Probably not. It was presented as a mat dent. ter of fact. Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. And signs the bill. Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I will state, if the Senator from Mr. CHANDLER. And signs, as I have suggested, the very New Hampshire will allow me, that it was conceded in the affi bill which he, by his vote, had thus forced through the Senate of davit, I think of Governor Watson himself, that the protest was the United States. Mr. President, can a President of the United made; at all events, it was conceded in certain affidavits filed in States do that thing? opposition to Mr. DuPont. Mr. GRAY. Not unless he remains Vice-President. Mr. CHANDLER. I am very willing to have these points made, Mr. CHANDLER. Does he remain Vice-President for that because it U! very clear to my mind that the fact makes no dlffer purpose? ence whatever; that if Governor Watson's vote was illegal, if it Mr. GRAY. Do you want an answer? was absolutely null and void, as we contend, then no rights were Mr. CHANDLER. I am willing to have a direct answer, yea lost even if there was a failure to object or to protest. or nay. Mr. ALLEN. If the Senator from New Hampshire will permit Mr. GRAY. If the Vice-President, in the contingency assumed me, I think the affidavits of both Senator Records and Mr. Watson by the Senator from New Hampshire, becomes President of the show conclusively that no protest was made until after the last United States, then he ceases to be Vice-President and can not ballot and just before the final adjournment. preside in the Senate. He can not be Vice-President to himself. Mr. CHANDLER. The Senators may be right. My point is Mr. CHANDLER. Could President Arthur have done that distinct, that it makes no difference whatever. thing? I do not think any Senator will undertake to say that he The arithmetic of this case is simple. The Senators have also could have done that thing, or that any Vice-President can become seen some humor in the claim which they say is made by us that President and take upon himself the performance of the executive 15 is a majority of 30. No, Mr. President, we have not put forth duties, and then watch his chance when there is to be a tie vote any such arithmetic. We have put forth the proposition that 15 in the Senate and come back here and thrust himself into the is a majority of 29, and that when 30 votes are nominally and chair, ejecting therefrom the President pro tempore, and vote apparently cast, but one of them is a void vote, then it does not when there is a tie upon the passage of a bill. count, and 15 is more than 14. Our whole case rests upon the Mr. President, if he could not do that, I say Governor Watson simple proposition that Governor Watson could not lawfully, could not do what he did. Governor Watson had succeeded to the while he was governor, enter the joint assembly and vote as asen executive power of the State of Delaware. The elected governor ator; that the vote which he did cast -was null and void. His had died. Watson had taken the oath of office. He had left the conduct was usurpation. We admit that the burden of proof is senate and had gone to the executive office. As a senator he had upon us to establish the proposition that in the vote of 15 to 15 voted for United States Senator for some two or three months one vote not cast for Du Pont was void, absolutely null and void. whenever a vote was taken. When he became governor he ceased Now-, Mr. President, was Watson's vote null and void? I have tovotefor United States Senator. He ceased to vote in anyway; settled my mind upon the question by asking another question, he severed himself from the senate, and for thirty days the senate which is this: and the house in joint assembly went on voting for Unit-ed States Can the Vice-President of the United States become President Senator and Governor Watson did not come there. But on the last upon the happening of a vacancy, take the oath of office as Presi day of the session, or on the last half of the last day of the session, dent and perform his duties at the Executive Mansion, keep when Governor Watson heard that probably a Senator would be watch of the proceedings of the Senate, and, finding an important elected on that last half day, he leaves the executive office a little House bill about to be defeated by a tie vote, come from the Ex before 12 o'clock at noon, goes to the senate chamber, thrusts out Mr. ecutive Mansion to the Senate Chamber, crowd from his seat the Records, the speaker pro tempore of the senate, and at the head of President pro tempore and preside himself, declare the vote a tie, the 8 senators marches to the other room, where were 21 representa give his casting vote in the affirmative, securing the passage of tives, and there presides at this joint assembly, and the vote which 18.96. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3945 he gives-if it is a valid vote-prevents the election of a United the Senator will not be worried about getting it out. It is going States Senator. I say that can not be done, unless by an equal out fast enough. authority the Vice-President of the United States, after he has be Mr. STEWART. The trouble is that the people can not get it. come President, can do the acts which I have described. Mr. CULLOM. The trouble is that it does not come in. It may be said that the two constitutions are different. It may Mr. STEWART. My dear sir, please listen to what I have to be said that the Constitution of the United States is different from say. With $300,000,000 in the Treasury, taken out of circulation the constitution of Delaware. I read from the Constitution of and piled up there, the country feels the pressm·e of the want of the United States everything that is material to this question. I money, whether the Senator from Illinois does or not. read from Article I, section 3: Mr. CULLOM. The Senator from Illinois has always felt the 4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, want of money. [Laughter.] but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. Mr. STEWART. Then you are in the same condition as the 5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro t em American people, and you ought to be willing that it should be pore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office ot President of the United States. brought out of the Treasury. Mr. HILL. If the bond resolution is up, I want to take a hand • PROPOSED INVESTIGATION OF BOND SALES, in this discussion myself. [Laughter.] Mr. PEFFER (at 2 o'clock and 15 minutes p.m.). I wish to Mr. CULLOM. I only wanted to call attention to the appr From the Delaware constitution of 1792: the President is dead, or when the President has been captured, "ARTicLE III. or has been disabled by sickness, why can not the Vice-President "SECTION 1. The supremo executive powers of this State shall be vested in become the President of the United States, invested with all the agovernor. Executive power, and also sit here as Vice-President andgivethe "SEc. 14. On the death or resignation of the governor, or his removal from castin2' vote in case of a tie? I submit to my Populist friends, office on impea.chmen t or for inability, ~he speaker of the senate at that tim~ ~ shall exercise the office of governor until a new governor shall be duly quali- whom I am now addressing, that they will find it very difficult to fied, and on the death or resignation of the speaker of the senate the speaker say that he can not, unless they also say that Watson could not of the house of representatives at that time shall exercise the office until it be governor and senator at the same time. be regularlv vested in a new governor." * * * From the Delaware constitution of 1831: ' ~fr. PEFFER. Then, :Mr. President, if the theory of the Sen- "ARTICLE III.J ator from New Hampshire is correct, in case of death or other "SECTlON1. The supreme executive powers of the State shall be vested in disability of the President of the United States, and the Vic~- a governor. · President exercises the duties of that office, and the Vice-Pl·esident "SEc. 14. Upon any vacancy happening in the office of governor by his h uld d' d th duti f th ffi d 1 th S t death, removal, resignation, or inability, the speaker of the senate shall ex:- s 0 1e, an e es O eo ce evo ve upon e ecre ary ercise the office until a governor elected by the people shall be duly qualified. of State, the same TUle would hold good as to the Secretary of If there be no speaker of the senate, or upon a further vacancy happening in State that held as to the Vice-President. Will the Senator hold the office by his death, removal, resignation, or inability, the speaker of the that the Secretary of State, when he becomes President, may send house of representatives sha.ll exercise the office until a governor elected by the people shall be duly qualified. * * *" in a nomination to the Senate here of another gentleman to fill In the Dela.ware constitutions of 1792 and 1831, Article II, section 5: the office of Secretary of State, and so on and so on down to the "Each house whose speaker shall exercise the office of governorma.ychoose end of the line? a. speaker pro tempore." Mr. CHANDLER. Yes; I think so. But the question is not the Mr. CHANDLER. Mr. President, I call the attention of the same. The Secretary of State and the President of the United Senator from Delaware and also the attention of the Senate to the States belong to the executh'e department of the Government, fact that the Delaware constitution of 1776 provides for a vice- and what I am now arguing is in favor of the American principle president: that a person can not exercise the functions of two offices in two On his dea:th, inability, or absence from the State.J the speaker of the legis- branches of the Government at the same time. That is the ques~ lative council for the time being shall be vice-presiaent. tion that I wish to bring to the comprehension and apprehension Therearenoadditional wordstoshowthatthevice-presidentshall and acceptance of the Senator from Kansas. act as governor, but the inference to be drawn, of course, from those Mr. PEFFER. When the constitutional provision or statutory words is that when there is a vacancy in the office of governor the provision comes in between the SenatDr's theory and the situation, speaker of the legislative council, who is declared to be vice-presi- it seems to me that th,e law ought to prevail as against the opinion dent, shall become the president or chief magistrate of Delaware. of the Senator from New Hampshire. - There is a close resemblance between theConstitutionof the United Mr. CHA..~DLER. There are no such provisions; but the con States and the constitution of Delaware in the provisions which I stitutionallaw is the other way. The Senator's claim is an intr States have possessed the power to devolve the duties of two or The constitution of Georgia, 1798, Article I, says: more officers upon, the same individual, notwithstanding incompat SECTION 1. The legislative, executive, and judicial departments of govern ibility? ment shall be distinct, and each department shall be confided to a separate Mr. CHANDLER. That would have depended upon how the body of magistracy; and no person or collection of persons, being of one of these departments, sha~l exercise any power properly attached to either of United States concluded to construe its constitutional law. My the others, except in the instances herein expressly permitted. belief is that in the absence of express authority given in the State constitution the point that I am now arguing would be The constitution of South Carolina, 1868, Article I, says: sound, and that it would be held that as a fundamental priii.ciple SEc. 26. In the government of this Commonwealth the legislative, execu of American constitutional law no law could be passed giving tive, and judicial powers of the government shall bG forever s0parate and distinct fro~ each other, and no Jerson or pers?ns exercising th~ functions any person authority to exercise the functions of two branches of g{h~~-e of sa-Id departments sha assume or discharge the duties of any the government at the same time. Mr. ALLEN. If the Senator will allowmeatthis point-! shall The constitu~ion of New Jersey, 1844, says: not trouble him any further-! wish to call his attention to the ART. III. The powers of the government shall be divided into three dis fact that every State constitution is a limitation upon power that tinct departments-the legislative, executive, and judicial-and no p erson or is otherwise unlimited. So, if a State has not limited its power, persons belonging to or constituting one of these departments shall exercise the power exists and may be exercised. On the other hand, there any of the powers properly belonging to either of the others, except as is a distinction, to which I wish to call attention, between State herein expressly provided. constitutions and the national Constitution. The national Con So I repeat that before the national Constitution was adopted, stitution is a mere grant of power. Without expressly or im in 1798, there had been in six of the original thirteen States a decla pliedly granting power the sovereignty exercised does not exist ration that it was a fundamental rule of American law and was to and can not be exercised. Therefore, when the Constitution de be one of the principles upon which American governments, State volves the duties of President of the United States upon the Vice and national, were to be founded, that under no circumstances President in case of the death or removal of the President, there should a person connected with one branch of the Government is no provision in the national Constitution that he may return to exercise the powers and functions of a person connected with his seat in the Senate and occupy the Vice-Presidency. another branch of the Government. I will not undertake to read Mr. CHANDLER. He undoubtedly may if the disability of the to the Senate nor to incorporate in my remarks all the clauses of President of the United States is only temporary, in the cases all the State constitutions, but I have prepared a table made up which I have supposed. In the case which was first suggested to from Ben: Perley Poore's Charters and Constitutions, giving me by the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. HOAR], now in his the pages of the two volumes of that work where the various con seat, the capture of the President by a public enemy, the Vice stitutional provisions on this subject can be found, which I will President, who has become President, may undoubtedly, upon the insert: recapture and return to his functions of the President, again re POORE'S CHARTERS AND CONSTITUTIONS. turn to this body and become Vice-President. But the point is Pages. that it is a fundamental principle that the same person can not Alabama --···· --···· ------· ------34--39,51-56, ~7, 79--85 Arkansas ______------100-110,122-128,137-142,158-162 exercise the functions of those two offices at the same time. I say California ------__ ------____ 197-200 I have found this principle in thirty-nine of the State constitu Colorado_------.----~------·.------·- ____ 222-224 tions, the exceptions being Delaware, Louisiana, New York, Ohio, Connecticut----_------·_: __ ------_---·------_---- ____ --···------_ 259-262 Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. I say further, that the principle is Delaware. (No.) See------·------____ 289 just as much a principle of constitutional law in those six States which have not declared it in their constitutions as it is in the thirty-nine States which have dec1ared it. Turning to the constitutions of the thirteen original States, we find six of those States declared this principle in their constitu l~~z=~}~::;_~:~:~~-~::)~:--~~~----~-;:--~\l:-~:J~~~;£~1 Louisiana------701,711,725,740-761, (no--see) 755 tions before the National Constitution was adopted. That is one Maine.------.------__ -- ______790-795 reason why it was unnecessary to insert the principle in the N a Maryland ------· 818,819,838-842,860-866,889-893 tiona! Constitution. That is one reason why it was unnecessary Massachusetts ------· ------_----- _----- ______960 to insert it in the constitutions of Delaware, New York, Louisiana, rr~~i:s~~:~~=:=:~:::::::::::::~=:==~==:~~:~======.-~::::::~:::::::_~:~~~~i~l Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. It was an accepted principle :Mississiif};li ------• 105(}...1061, 1069-1075,1083-1086 of constitutionalla w, prevailing whether expressly asserted or not. Missouri ------__ : ___ ------1105,1110,1143-1147,1168 1178 I read from the constitution of New Hampshire of 1784, the bill of rights, part 1, Article XXXVII: ~g-r~:~::~:::::~~::;:~~::::;:::::~;::~:~~::::;:;::~::!i In th~ government of this State the three essential powers thereof, to wit, the legislative, executive, and judicial, ought to be kept as separate from and N orth Carolina ______------·------1409,100-1425, H36-1441 independent of each other as the nature of a free government will admit or Ohio. (No.) See ___ ----_------_____ -----______1470 as is consistent with that chain of connection that binds the whole fabric of the constitution in one indissoluble bond of union and amity. == =:: The constitution of Massachusetts of 1780, part 1, says: ~i~\~l:=iSouth Carolina ~ ~______~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ ------~ ~ ==~: ~ =~ ~~: ~:~______~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ------·-~ ~ ~=: =~~~:::______::: ~: ~ ~ :~~~5-im1648-1653 Tennessee ______------_------______-----_ 168a-1682, 1698-1701 ART. XXX. In the government of this Commonwealth the legislative de Texas_-----_------!----··-·------1768-1775,1786-1792,1803-1809,1826,1834: partment shall never exercise the exe.cutive and judicial powers, or either of Vermont -- _------_------______1870-1884: them; the executive shall never exercise the legislative and judicial powers, Virginia ____ ------1909,1913,1920-1931,1939-194.6, 19.'», 1955,1957 or either of them; the judicial shall never exercise the legislative and e~ecu tive powers, or either of them; to the end it may be a government of laws ;f:!~~.initNo:)--see:----~-_::::::-_:----~:~---_-_::-_-_-_:::-_-_:::::::-__~:~~~~~~·-~::8-~ and not of men. The constitution of Maryland as early as 1776, in its declaration I will also insert in my remarks the language of the ciause in the constitution of the State of Utah, the last of our States to be ad· of rights, says: mitted, and to send its Senators into this Chamber (Article V, ART. VI. That the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of the gov ernment ought to be forever separate and distinct from each other. section 1): · The powers of the government of the State of Utah shall be divided into The constitution of Maryland of 1851, declaration of rights, three distinct departments, the legislative, the executive, and the judicial; and no person charged with the exercise of powers properly belongin~ to one declares: of these departments shall exercise any functions appertaining to either ot ART. VL That the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of govern the others, except in the cases herein expressly directed or permitted. ment ought to be forever separate and distinct from each other, and no person exercising the functions of one of said departments shall assume or As I stated yesterday during the remarks of the Senator from discharge the duties of any other. Utah f:Mr. BROWN], the very best expression that can be found of The constitution of Virginia, 1776, declaration of rights, says: what contend is, and has been for a hundred years, a principle of American constitutional law is to be found in the new consti SEC. 5. That the legislative and executive powers of the State should be separate and distinct from the judiciary. tution of the State of Mississippi, adoptedNovember1, 1890. That constitution was framed in part, I have no doubt in large part, by The constitution of Virginia, 1830, expanded that principle -in the distinguished senior Senator from Mississippi [Mr. GEORGE], this way: who is now in the Chamber. I find his signature annexed to the ART. II. The legislative, executive, and judicial departments shall be sep- constitution. I will read part of it: !f~:ra~dt~~£1C:rs~0;~~~~~; ~~~~~~~~~~~:t~: ~~~=;~Yo~~gr~~~~ SECTION 1. The powers of the government of the State of Mississippi shall one of them at the same time, except that the justices of the county courts be divided into three distinct departments, and each of them confided to a. shall be eligible to either house of assembly. separate magistracy, to wit: Those which are legislative to one. those which are judicial to another, and those which are executive to another. The constitution of North Carolina, 1776, declaration of rights, SEc. 2. No person or collection of persons, being one or belonging to one of these departments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of says: the others. The acceptance of an office in either of said departments shall ART. IV. The legislative, executive, and supreme judicial powers of gov- of itself, and at once, vacate any and a.1l offices held by the person so accept ernment ought to be forever separate and distinct from each other. · inK in either of the other departments. 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3949 If it be argued that the insertion of the new and forcible words Constitution of the United States that the Vice-President shall was making a constitutional principle instead of declaring a con become President any more than there is a statement in the con stitutional principle, I dissent from the assezotion. It seems to me stitution of Delaware that the speaker of the senate shall become clear from an examination of all the constitutional provisions, governor. The Constitution says: beginning with the State· constitutions·of 1776, coming down to In case of the removal of the President from office. or of his death, res!gna- the constitution of Utah of two years ago and the constitution of !~~ ~~~~~~;fv~~~~~¥fc~-~~sY~:n~~s and duties of the said office, the Mississippi of 1890, that here is a principle of American constitu tional law, a well-established declaration made on many proper That is, the powers and duties shall devolve on the Vice-Presi- occasions, which has become as fixed a part of our constitutional dent. . law as if it had been written in the plainest possible language in Mr. GRAY. The Senator from New Hampshire- every single one of the State constitutions, including the constitu- Mr. CHANDLER. Excuse me. Why can not he perform those tion of the State of Delaware. . duties and at the same time sit in the chair, Mr. President, which Mr. President, that this is a fundamentalprincipleofAmerican you now occupy, presiding over the Senate? · constitutionallawis not only proved by the citations which I have Mr. GRAY. The Senator from New Hampshire has all along read from written constitutions, but by the actual practice under said, unless I have misunderstood him, and his proposition is that the American constitutions. President William Henry Harrison the Vice-President becomes President to all intents and purposes. died April4, 1841. John Tyler succeeded and held office four years, Do I misunderstand the Senator from New Hampshire? lacking one month. Zachary Taylor died July 9, 1850. Millard Mr. CHANDLER. I think he does. The Senator does not Fillmore succeeded and held office two years and nine months. misunderstand me. Abraham Lincoln died April14, 1865. Andrew Johnson succeeded Mr. GRAY. If he becomes President his function as Vice and held office four years, lacking one month. James A. Garfield President has ceased, and he has filled that position for which he died September 19, 1881. Chester A. Arthur succeeded and held was elected, to supply th~ vacancy in case of the death of the office three years and five months. During all the periods in which President. When he has done that he ceases to be Vice-President, those four Vice-Presidents held the Presidential office it was never because, being the man kept in reserve to perform what another is so much as dreamed that any one of them could come back into unable to perform by reason of his death or removal; he is then this Chamber and, under any possible circumstances· or in any functus officio Vice-President, and, not to repeat myself unneces possible contingency, preside over the Senate and vote in case of a sarily, he can not be Vice-President to himself. tie. Was it ever suggested that such a power remained in the Vice Mr. CHANDLER. My point is that he is not a particle more President who had become President? Never was it imagined, functus officio than a senator of Delaware elected speaker of the never was it suggested as a debatable question; and yet there senate of Delaware is functus officio as speaker and as senator is nothing'whatever expressed in the Constitution of the United when he becomes governor. I am argujng that there is no differ.: States to prevent the Vice-President who has become President ence in the two constitutions. I wish Senators to point out if from doing what is suggested except theclausewhichie contained there is any difference. · in the Constitution, that when the Vice-President exercises the The Senator does not deny, I suppose, that the Vice-President office of President the Senate shall elect a President pro tempore. ln. case of the recapture of the President could come back here And there is in the Delaware constitution substantially the same and be Vice-President. Does the Senator assert that the office provision, except that it says the senate may elect a speaker pro of Vice-President is so far vacated that if the President, who tempore of the senate when the speaker of the senate exercises the has been captured by the enemy or has been sick for a time, office of governor. comes back, the Vice-President has lost his office? By no means. Now, in reiteration, I ask Senators who take the opposite view The Vice-President (and that is evidently the contemplation of of this question to explain to me if they can what difference there the Constitution) in that case can come back to the Senate. The is between the national Constitution and the Delaware State con Constitution, when it authorizes Congress to declare what officer stitution which prevents the Vice-President after he has become shall act as President in case the President and Vice-President President from coming back here and acting as Vice-President, both disappear, says: and voting in case of a tie, and does not prevent the speaker of The Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resigna tion, or inability both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what the senate of Delaware after he has become governor from com officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly until ing back into the senate of that State and voting and presiding as the disability be removed or a President shall be elected. a member of the senate of Delaw-are? "Until the disability be removed" is the expression. The Sen I say I challenge Senators to point out any material difference ator from Massachusetts [Mr. HoAR] suggests to me that per in the two cases, unless they base it upon the simple proposition haps that is the rea-son why we elect a President pro tempore and that the Constitution of the United States says that the Sepate not a ·President of the Senate eo nomine, in order that the Vice shall elect a President pro tempore when the Vice-President exer President may return. cises the office of President and that the constitution of Delaware The new constitution of Mississippi, not making new constitu says that the senate of Delaware may elect a speaker pro tempore tional law, but declaring existing •onstitutionallaw, contains in when the 'speaker of the senate exercises the office of governor. section 131, wherein is the provision that the lieutenant-governor That is all the ~ difference, and, according to a well-known princi shall be governor in case of vacancy, and if the lieutenant-governor ple of law, that is not any difference at all, for the obligation upon is incapable or absent the president of the senate pro tempore shall the senate of Delaware to elect a speaker pro tempore is just as act in his stead, this clause: great with the word "may" before the senate as it would be if Should a doubt arise as to whether a vacancy has occurred in the office of the word " shall" was before the senate. governor, or as to whether any one of the disabilities mentioned in t.his sec Mr. GRAY. Does the Senator from New Hampshire object to tion e:ldsts or tillall have ended, then the secretary of state shall submit the being interrupted at this point? question in doubt to the judges of the supreme court, who, or a majority of whom, shall investigate and determine said question, and shall furnish to Mr. CHANDLER. Not at all. said secretary of state an opinion, in writing, determining the ~estion sub Mr. GRAY. The Senator from New Hampshire has challenged ~~~n~l~~~· which opinion, when rendered as aforesaid, s all be final anyone to point out any difference between the case of the Vice President acting as President and the speaker of the senate of 1\Ir. President, that is a very wise provision. It is one which Delaware acting as governor. It hardly needs to be said that a might have been made by statute quite as well as by an insertion Vice-President is provided for in the Constitution of the United in the State constitution. It is a provision which might be made States expressly, and upon the death or inability of the President a law of the United States to-day. It is a provision which de of the United States he may act as President. His only other termines through the medium of the court whether the executive function is one given him while he is Vice-President. But he is office is permanently or temporarily vacant, and when that ques provided expressly by the Constitution that he may be ready-! tion is determined, the constitutiou determines who shall fill it, speak with entire respect of the office-he is the led horse who is and it also makes another very important provision, which is to be at hand when the burden drops from the shoulders of the omitted in our Constitution and in all other State constitutions. It President, in order to take it up. When he takes it, if, as the provides a method of determining when a temporary vacancy has Senator contends, or as I understood him to contend, he is Presi ended, so that the person who has temporarily filled it shall leave dent to all intents and purposes, then; manifestly, he can not be it and return to his original office. Vice-President to himself. Mr. President, all these provisions are subject to and in recog Mr. CHANDLER. I do not see the distinction. I have the two nition of the paramount principle that whenever the officer who constitutions before me-the Constitution of the United States has been taken from the legislative branch of the Government to and extracts from the Delaware constitution. I study them, and perform the duties connected with the executive branch of the I do not see why the Vice-President, after he becomes President, Government is engaged in the performance of those executive whether permanently, by the death of the President, or tempora duties, he is incapable of performing any legislative duties. rily, during the temporary diaability of the President, can not act as As it never has been imagined during the~e four cases where a Vice-President at the same time, if the speaker of the ilenate of Vice-President has become President that the Vice-President hav Delaware can become governor and also act as speaker of the sen ing become President could while a-cting as such come into the ate when he becomes governor. There is no statement in the Senate and eject from hischairthePresidentpro tempore, preside 3950 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. APRIL 14, in the Senate, and give the casting vote, so it never had been im-1 State, the person who leaves this Chamber and becomea the Exec agined in Delaware until the year 1895 that a speaker of the sen- utive of the nation, can not, while he is in the performance of ate or a speaker of the house of representatives who had succeeded executive duties. continue to perform a legislat:ive dutY. That is to the executive office could while continuing in the performance I the proposition in the simplest form in which it cs.n bn put, and of the executive function return to the legislative body of which it is, as it seems to me, a proposition fairly and inevitably to be he was a member and then and there act as such. deduced from the condition of the public law of America. as I I have here and will insert in the RECORD a table giving all the understand it to have grown up during the one hundred and eight cases which have happened in the State of Delaware where a years of our national life. speaker of the senate or a speaker of the house succeeded to the AB a further indication of the conviction of the American people office of governor, specifying the dates of their accession, the date that a member of the legislative branch of the Government can when each ceased to be governor, and his length of service: not at one and the same time act as the chief executive, I refer to n.ELA. wARE. the special prohibitions in some of the constitutions of the States. The one in Maine has been already alluded to and its terms some Governors whom Date of ceas- Length Speakers of senate. they succeeded Dateofac- ingto ba of what discussed. In Ben: Perley Poore's Charters and Constitu on death, etc. cession. governor. service. tions, page 795, is"found the Maine proposition: Whenever either the president of the senate or speaker of the house shall so exercise said office he shall receive only the compensation of governor, but 11· m. d. his duties as president or spegker shall be suspended. Daniel Rogers ------Gunning Bedford Sept. 30,1797 Jan_. 15,1799 1 3 15 James Sykes*------Richard Bassett .. Mar. 1,1801 Jan. 19,1802 10 18 The construction put by the Maine supreme court upon this pro Jamb Stout*------John Clark _------Jan. 15,182l.l Jan. 16,1821 1 0 1 vision, that it suspends the president of the senate not only from Caleb Rodney*------John Collins------Apr. 23,1.822 Jan. 21,1S23 · s 28 Charles Thomas*---- June 2-!,1823 Jan. 20.1~ 6 26 his office as president of the senate, .but from the exercise of his Charles Polk*------~~:~~ :a::~et-t ~ May12,1836 Ja.n. 17,1837 8 5 functions as senator, is to be found in 7 Greenleaf, 483. Joseph Maull ------T'uomas Stockton. Mar. 5,1846 May 3,1846 1 28 New Hampshire was equally wise. On page 1302 of the second W:illi:un Templet-- Jo~e-ph Maull _____ May 6,1MG Jan. 19,1847 8 13 volume of Poore's Charters and Constitutions is to be found the Gove Saulsbuz'Is ~---- Wil.lirun Cannon __ Mar. 1,1865 Jan.. 1!i, 1S6i 1 10 15 William T. Wa on .. Joshua H. MarviL Apr. 9,1895 Still gov- ~ -...... -- ~ .. - New Hampshire provision, section 49, constitution of 1792: ernor. But when the president of the senate shall exercise the office of governor • he shall not hold his offi,e in the senate. t Speaker of house. And that clause is continued in all subsequent constitutions. Each one of five senators marked with a star seems to have re At the last revision of the constitution the same provision was sumed his senatorial office, but not his place as presiding officer, made, where the speaker of the house was authorized in certain after he ceased to hold the office of governor. It is not quite cases to act as governor. That clause provides that- clear, however, from the evidence how many of these five did Whenever the chair, both of the governor and of the president of the sen ate, shall become vacant, by reason of their death. absence from the State, resume their senatorial seats. In some of the other cases a person or otherwise, the speaker of the house shall, during such vacancies, have who became governor continued to be such after his legislative and exercise all the powers and authorities which, by this constitution, the term expired. governor is vested with when personally present; but when the speaker of We have, therefore, as a fact in the ease that what Watson has the house shall exercise the office of governor he sha.ll not hold his office in done has never happened before in the history of the country. the house. . It never happened in the history of Delaware; it never happened Mississippi in one of its constitutions made the same provision. in any other State. In the whole period of one hundred and eight I call the attention of the Senator from Delaware and the Senator years of national life under the Constitution, with more than a from Mississippi to the following provision contained in the con thousand Senatorial elections, no executive df a State, so far as stitution of 1832 of the State of Mississippi, on page 1075: know~ . SEc. 18. When eitl!er th~ president or speaker. of the house of represe!lta. we has ever cast a vote for United States Senator. No hves shall so exerCISe SaJ.d office. he shall receive the compensation of gov Vice-President of the United States has ever thought that he ernor only, and his duties as president or speaker shall be suspended, and t.he could be Vice-President and President at the same time, and no senate or house of representath·es, as the case may be, shall fill tho vacancy senator of the State of Delaware eve1· thought that he could be until his duties as governor shall cease. governor of the State of Delaware and at the same time vote as a Mr. GRAY. That is in the constitution of Mississippi? senator of the State of Delaware. Mr. CHANDLER. That is in the Mississippi constitution of Mr. President, that is a highly important fact. It suggests be · 1832, omitted in a later constitution, but in the constitution of.1890 yond doubt a consideration that should influence the opinions of the exceedingly drastic provision is to be found on this subject to Senators in determining what is the constitutional law upon this which I have already called the attention of the Senate. subject. Is it possible that all this time in Delaware and the other New York had a similar provision, page 1336: States where the president or speaker of the senate or the speaker XXI. That whenever the government shall be administered by the lieuten of the house of representatives has become governor, the e offi ant-governor, or he shall be unable to attend a president of the senate, the senators shall have power to elect one of their own members to the office of cers of the legislative branch of the government transferred to the president of the senate, which he shall exercise pro hac vice. executive branch of the goverment could, if they had so chosen, Pennsylvania had a still more radical provision, and that is that have continued to perform their legislative functions at the same the seat as senator of the senator who has become governor shall time? And yet no one ever dreamed of this power until, in the become vacant. It is at page 1578: year 1895, William T. Watson entered the senate of the State of SEC. 14. In case of a va-cancy in the office of lieutenant-governor, or when Delaware for the purpose of preventing the election of a United the lieutenant-governor shall b6 impeached by the house of representatives, States Senator, which he had discovered would on that day be or shall be unable to exercise the duties of his office, the powers~., duties, and made unless he performed this extraordinary and unheard-of a-ct. emoluments thereof for the remainder of the term, or until the ai.sa.bility be :Mr. President, there has been a great deal of learned discussion removed, shall devolve upon thepresidentprotemporeofthe senate; and the president pro ~I?~re of the sen.a~ shall in like manner become governor if in the reports and in the speeches of Sen.ators of t.he question a vacancy or disability shall occur m the office of governor; bis eat as sen whether during the time when one of these legislative officers ator shall become vacant whenever he shall become governor, and shall be exercises the· executive office.! while a senator being president of filled by election, as a.ny other vacancy in the senate. the senate becomes governor and acts as governor, his original This is as strong as the new Mississippi clause of 1890. office is vacated or is suspended. It has been verywell shown, as The Vermont provision is nearly the same. I read at page 1884: it seems to me, that this question is immaterial. I do not regard The lieutenant-governor shall be pro.sident of the senate, except when he it as one of imnortance. shall exercise the office of governor or when his office shall be vaca.nt or in his absence; in which case the senate shall appoint one of its own members Under the pi·esent constitution of the State of l\fjssissippi, as it to be president of the senate pro tempore. was framed lD 1890, there is the declaration to which I have ad As I read the clause of the Kansas constitution, on page 620, I verted-that whenever this contingency happens the first office is construe it as an express exclusion of the president of the senate of itself and at once vacated. But even that clause, as I conceive, who has become governor from any right to exercise the senatorial would be so construed that although the office is vacated for the office while he is governor: . time being, yet the president of the senate of the State becoming SEC. 15. 'rhe lieutenant-governor shall be president of the senate, but shall governor during the insanity, for instance, of the governor of the vote only when the senate is equally divided, and shall be entitled to the same State, which insanity subsequently ceased, would return to the pay as the speaker of the house of r epresentatives, and in case of his death, office which he had left, and might take it up again and proceed resignation, impeachment, r emoval from office, or when he shall exercise the to the performance of its duties. office of governor, the senate shall choose a. president pro tempore. Therefore I say, Mr. President, that the proposition which has The constitution of the State of Col01·ad.o, on page 224 of Char satisfied my mind, the propo ition upon which I think this case can ters and Constitutions, provides as follows: be safely rested, is not affected in the slightest degree by the ques In case of the absence, impeo.chment, or disquo.lifl.ca.tion from any cause of tion whether the office which wasfilledfirst bythe person who has the lieutenant-governor, or when he shall hold the office of governor, then the president pro tempore of the senate sh!lJI perform the duties of the become governor is absolutely va.cated, whether it is what is called lieutenant-governor until tlw vacancy is filled or the dis:l.bility removed. in abeyance or whether the functions of it are for the time being Andnowicome to theDelawareconstitutionitself,on page291: suspended. The principle of law for which I contend and which SEC. 5. Each house shall choose its speaker and other officers, and also each I think governs this case is that the person who leaves the legis house, whose spea.ker shall ex.ercise the offi.c.e of governor, may choose a lative b1·anch of the government and becomes the executive of the speake1· pro tempore. 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3951 I ask Senators upon the othoc side of this question how they "pro tempore," would seem to indicate that he not only remains a can contend that when the speaker of the senate of Delaware is senator but remains speaker, and that, therefore, being both the exercising the office of governor-that is to say, has become the one and the other, his function is not vacant or suspended. governor of the State-and the senate has, in obedience to that con Mr. CHANDLER. I agree with the Senator that neither epi stitution, elected a president pro tempore, the president of the thets nor rhetorical verbiage are constitutional arguments. I say senate who has become the governor can, while still governor, come it is a fair inference not only for me, but for the Senator from back and oust from office the president pro t-empore who has been Delaware, if he will take a nonpartisan view of this question, from chosen to fill the office in accordance with the col!stitution? I ask this clause in the constitution, that when the framers wrote it that question in all seriousness of the Senator from Delawa1·e. and provided that when the speaker of the senate should exercise The speaker of the senate of Delaware becomes the governor of the office of governor his office in the senate should be filled, they the State, or the acting governor~ or he exercises the office of gov contemplated that he should stay away as long as he was governor. ernor, and the senate, under this clause in the constitution of I accept the criticism as a proper one of the use of the words Delaware, chooses a speaker pro tempore. "thrust out." If the speaker of the senate ceased to be governor The office of presiding officer of the senate has thus been filled. and his senatorial term had not expired, then I incline to think The speaker of the senate·has left the place and has gone to the the speaker pro tempore mightpropeTlybe thrust out; but so long executive office. Is it not a fair inference that the presiding offi as the original speaker was governor he had no right to thrust cer's place is fully filled; that the framers of the Delaware con out the speaker pro tempore. I think that is a fair inference stitution contemplated that it should be fully filled; and, fm·ther, from the constitution. that as long as the original speaker of the senate should be the Of course I admit, notwithstanding this principle of American governor, or perform the functions of governor, or exercise the public law, which I have feebly endeavored to expound, and which office of governor, his first office should remain filled by the speaker provides that a person connected with one branch of the govern pro tempore of the senate? Was it ever contemplated by the ment shall not exercise the functions of another branch of the framers of the Delaware constitution that after the senate had go_vernment, that if a State constitution expressly authorizes a filled that office, and while the original speaker of the senate was particular officer to perform the functions of another office and acting as governor, he could come back into the senate and thrust also those of his original office, he may do so. There is no such out from his place the speaker pro tempore, and while exercising express authorization here as there was in the constitution of New the office of go"\'ernor also exercise the functions of speaker of the Hampshire from 1784 to 1792, and as there was in the constitution senate? of the State of Rhode Island down to 1842. Mr. Pre&ident, I say that such was not the contemplation of the If there was an express provision which said that Watson could frama·s of the constitution of Delaware, and that it is a fair in do these things, that would prevail as against all general clauses ference from all the clauses of the constitution, and especially in the constitution. There is no such express provision, and on from this clause in the constitution, that when the speaker of the the other hand there is no express prohibition. Therefore this senate is exercising the office of governor he can not exercise the case arises. If there were an express authorization, or if there office of speaker of the senate, and, a fortiori, can not act as a were an express prohibition, as in some of the constitutions which State senator. I have cited, then this case would not have arisen. It is because It is entirely immaterial in this connection whether, after he there is neither an authorization nor a prohibition that this case has ceased to be governor, if his senatorial term has not expired, is here; and I say that I am satisfied, and I wish Senators upon he can come back again and act as a senator, and take up that the other side of the Chamber were satisfied, that it is the true portion of the senatorial term which has not expired and go on construction of the Delaware constitution, reached in the light of with his senatorial functions. The proposition still remains un American public law, admitted to be such for a hundred years, touched that, according to American law, and according to a fair that the speaker of the senate while he is governor, having become construction of the provisions of the constitution of the State of governor by the death of the governor elected by the people, can Delaware, he can not perform the functions of the executive of not at the same time, on the same day, on the same afternoon of the State and at the same time preside in the senate or vote as the same day, perform an executive act and also perform a legis senator. lative act. Mr. President, I do not know that I desh·e to argue this question Mr. GRAY. I do not know whether the Senator is about to any further. I certainly shall not be encouraged to argue it at close or not, and I do not want to keep him on his feet longer than such lengtli as the Senator from Mississippi gave to it in a speech he wishes to be, but the Senator said just now, and repeated it covering 36 pages of the RECORD. I have read his speech and the several times during his interesting argument, that there is a various speeches that were interjected into it, both in aid of the principle of public law in the United States that no legislative Senator and in contravention of his argument. The Senator from officer shall ever exercise an executive function while he continues Delaware remarked to me that if I would read it with care I would in a legislative position, and that it is the American doctrine that be convinced of its soundne s. I am not convinced, Mr. Presi they can not be simultaneously exercised. dent, by that perusal. I believe that the provision in the consti Mr. CHANDLER. That is the proposition. tution of the State of Missi sippi made in 1890-the new provision Mr. GRAY. Where is the evidence of that public law apart . in that constitution inserted there, as I believe, by the distin from specific constitutional ordinance? guished jurist, the Senator from Mississippi-was declaratory of Mr. CHANDLER. I suppose the Senator will admit that there the existing law, and was not the establishment for the first time is such a thing as the constitutionallaw of England, and yet there of a new principle of constitutional law. That provision would is no written constitution in England. absolutely prevent an acting governor from voting as State senator. :Mr. GRAY. I ask what is the evidence of that American public Mr. GRAY. Mr. President, the Senator from New Hampshire law the Senator has spoken of as the American pTindple distinct stated a proposition rather interrogatively-! do not know ively? To what case can the Senator refer me-because I should whether he expected an answer at the time or no-in regard to the like to know everything about this to be known, and I do not know inference to be drawn from that provision of the constitution of anywhere I could apply for recondite information better than to Delaware which ordains that when the speaker of the senate shall the Senator from New Hampshire-to what case can he refer me exe1·cise the office of governor the senate may elect a president where there has been a suspension of a legislative function from the pro tempore. stating his own inference very positively; but I must mere exercise of a temporary executive office? submit to him that he has not gone further than to state the prop 1\Ir. CHANDLER. I refer the Senator to the important fact osition which he believes, but he does not seem to have supported that in a hundred years no executive ever undertook to act as a that proposition by any argument or illustration drawn from any member of the legislature at the same time, with the exception of other part of the constitution o1· any of those sources from which the Rhode Island case and the New Hampshire case and the pre argumentation is drawn. I could only answer in reply that the sent case of Governor Watson in Delaware. provision to which he refers would seem to me to indicate very 1\Ir. GRAY. That would be merely saying, perhaps, there had clearly that the exercise of the office of governor by the speaker never been an occasion in which the President pro tempore of the of the senate was of that provisional, temporary, ad interim char Senate in a hundred years had been called upon to act as :President acter as to create no vacancy and no suspension of functions, but of the United States, and that, therefore, there is no law to author only to make it convenient, if the senate saw fit, to have another ize him to act as such. officer to take his place when he should be absent for any cause, Mr. CHANDLER. No; because there has been a hundred either in the performance of an executive duty or for any other cases-- reason; and to say that when he comes back he must thrust out, Mr. GRAY. There has not been in a hundred years a call upon as the Senator phrased it, the speaker pro tempore and assume or that provision of the Constitution. usurp the office of speaker, would be only saying what we might Mr. CHANDLER. There have been hundreds of cases where apply as well to the President pro tempore of the Senate when he the president of the senate of a State has become governor; and exercises the office of President pro tempore, that he is thrust out the Senator does not show one case except in the State of Delaware on the appearance of the Vice-President or is pushed out or other in the year 1895, where an officer, being governor of the State, wise extruded violently or unlawfully; and that phrase is just has acted at the same time as a member of the legislature. about as applicable in the one case as in the other. On the con Mr. GRAY. That is not an answer to my question, whether trary, the permissive form.of that provision," may elect a speaker there is any declaration of the principle of public law, which the 3952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 14, Senator says is distinctively American, that upon the exercise by if our distinguished former colleague, Mr. Higgins, had received a legislative officer of an executive function there is a suspension 16 votes, it would not have been acquiesced in by every Repub of the former office. lican and every other man in the State of Delaware that he was Mr. CHANDLER. I will try to state the contention. It is a elected. proposition deducible from all the facts which I have exhibited Mr. CHANDLER. I am not aware that I made any remarks to the Senate, just as much as any proposition of English consti to excite the wrath of the Senator from Delaware. I said an tutional law is deducible from history. The Senator will admit arrangement was made. I was not arguing Senator Higgins's that there is a principle in the constitutional law of England that case. I was dealing with Mr. Du Pont's case. I simply said this there can be no taxes exacted from the people except in pursuance thing never was dreamed of in the United States of America-- of a law of the Lords and Commons. Yet there is no written con Mr. GRAY. It was dreamed of. stitution of England which says that. The body of the consti Mr. CHANDLER. Unti11895,afteranarrangementwasmade tutional law of England is deducible from the history of that by which Governor Watson's one vote waf! to appear to prevent country from its earliest days down to this time. an election. I said that arrangement was made. The Senator Mr. GRAY. The Senator will find repeated authoritative dec says that is a bad style of argument. I ask the Senator was it larations of parliaments, of jurists, and writers; and those are not distinctly understood that enough votes were cast and would the sources of constitutional law in England. continue to be cast for Mr. Addicks to prevent a choice if there Mr. CHANDLER. The Senator in saying that vindicates my could be one more Democratic vote? argument, which is that this American principle is deducible Mr. GRAY. I know nothing about arrangements, and I am from declarations in six of the constitutions of the original thirteen not a party to such arrangements. I know nothing about them. States; from the declarations in the constitutions of thirty-nine I will only say there was not a time during that day when there out of the present forty-five States; from the construction of the was one member of the minority or majority of the legislature of constitutions of all the States, including that of Delaware, for Delaware or their adherents on the outside of that assembly hall <>ver a hundred years, and it-is crystallized in the enunciation of who ever dreamed that Senator Watson was not exercising his the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. GEORGE] in the constitution clear right and performing a manifest duty in voting in that of Mississippi of 1890. That is where the principle of American assembly. public law comes from. Mr. CHANDLER. I have endeavored to argue this case as a Mr. GRAY. Mr. President, then it would seem to follow that question of constitutional law, and I had not intended to bring it would not be necessary that any other State should ever make anything exciting into it; but I will, I think, before I finish, show a constitutional inhibition in this respect; and these particular the circumstances under which Governor Watson went into the constitutions of particular States having made these particular joint assembly and voted. I did not suppose it was denied that inhibitions, then it ceases to be necessary for any other State to Governor Watson went in at 12 o'clock on the 9th of May because incorporate such a provisio~ in the con~titution of that St~te, !1-nd it had been ascertained that his vote would prevent an election of that there is a general public law applicable to all constitutiOns Senator, which would otherwise be made. I did not suppose established by that historical fact. anybody denied that such was the motive and the purpose and Mr. CHANDLER. I have been very dull this afternoon if I the plan-and I simply referred to it as an arrangement; where bave not succeeded in making the Senator understand that such upon the Senator from Delaware says I am making a bad style of is exactly my proposition; that this principle of public law has argument. grown up in this country in this way; and when I cite as reasons Mr. GRAY. No; I did not say that. for so believing the universal custom for a hundred years, under Mr. CHANDLER. The Senator criticised my style of argu which the executives of the States who have been called from pre ment. siding officers of the legislature have abstained from undertaking Mr. GRAY. I said that what the Senator said had nothing to to exercise the legislative office while exercising the executive do with this question. office if I have not demonstrated my proposition, then I can not Mr. CHANDLER. Isayithassorltethingtodowith this question demo~strate any proposition whatever. The Senator does not un whether my proposition is the public law of the United States and derstand me to contend that the constitution of Delaware says the public law of Delaware as well, that an infringement of that that when the speaker of the senate acts as governor he shall not principle never had been dreamed of until an arrangement was act as speaker or as senator. made in the State of Delaware on the 9th of May, by which, if Mr. GRAY. Some constitutions have said so. Watson would do that kind of an act, for the first time in history, Mr. CHANDLER. Two or three State constitutions have said the election of Mr. Du Pont could be prevented. so, and the present question could ~ot a~se in those State.s. But Mr. GRAY. The question here is whether Mr. Watson was the Senator will not deny, when thirty-rune States enunCiate the entitled under the constitution of Delaware to vote in that joint proposition as a fundamental one that the different branches of convention, If he was he no more prevented an election than any the government are to remain distinct and no person in one other man of the thirty in that assembly who voted as he did. branch is to exercise the powers of another branch, but Delaware, The same responsibility was on every other man if he voted Louisiana, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin omitted rightly; and the whole question is whether he did so vote. to do this that the same principle of public law does not prevail Mr. CHANDLER. Thatisso; buttheSenator asked me where in those six States that prevails in the other thirty-nine. In the I found this principle of public law, and I say I inferred it from absence of an eXIJress constitutional provision the other way-I historical evidence, coupled with the fact that it never was admit an express constitutional provision the other wa.y would imagined the law was othei·wise until the 9th day of May, 1895. justifyWatson'sact-~heJ?- we are called upon.to determmewhat Mr. PLATT. The Senator will not find, will he, in the Consti the public law of Ameri~a.Is ~d what the ~ubl!c law of J?elaw:;tre tution of the United States or in the constitution of any State, lO\Il is and we find this provisiOn m the constitutiOns of thirty-nme expression that all governmental power is divided mto three States we have the right to infer that it is a principle of public branches? law i-d the other six States, exactly as I say it is a provision of the Mr. GRAY. Oh, yes; in plenty of the constitutions of the public law of America, applicable under the N~tional Constitu~ion States. to the Vice-President when he becomes President of the Umted Mr. PLATT. He will not find it in all the constitutions. States. It is a well-established American principle, never violated Mr. GRAY. In a number of them, I will say to the Senator until the year 1895, when the iittle State of Delaware undertook from Connecticut. to trample it down. Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Not in the Constitution of the Mr. GRAY. Mr. President, I do not wish to interrupt the Sen United States. ator, as I shall have an opportunity of following him to comme~t somewhat upon this doctrine, but 1 understand. that he stakes .his Mr. GRAY. No; but in most of theconstitntionsof the States. ari?ument here th~ aftern The Secretary read as follows: Mr. GRAY. The Senator from New Hampshire is not mis The conversation which occurred between us was as follows: Governor taken. Watson said to me, ".Mr. Moore, I want to talk with you. I believe you will Mr. CHANDLER. The Senator so stated. We have all this tell me just as it is. Is Mr. Masser out of this thing?" I said to him in reply, "Governor, he is. We are not gomg to cast another ballot for Mr. Ma ey testimony about Governor Watson. Governor Watson may or nor no other man who has been balloted for except Henry A. DuPont. He may not always be so sound a constitutional lawyer as Chancellor will be elected on the first ballot in the joint session." To which Governor vVolcott, who is said to have advised this proceeding. But on Watson replied to me, "If that be the case, I shall take my seat." .Against this I remorutrated, and said to him," Governor, I hope you will not do it. this occasion I think he wa£ a much better constitutional lawyer I think too much of you as a man for you to do it.'' That was the last of our than Chancellor Wolcott, as he evidently did not think he had conversation. He made no reply to my .remonstrance. the right to go to the senate and vote. The first discovery of this Mr. CHANDLER. I ask the Secretary to read from the affi right in a hundred years was not made by Governor Watson. He davit of George F. Pierce, dated January 13, 1896, at the middle himself has made an affidavit, dated January 28, 1 96, which is of page 75, and also at the bottom of page 75 to the end. contained in the majority report, page 88. Ho states his action The Secretary read as follows: in presiding over the senate and -the joint assembly on May 9,-1895, but he does not deny any of the statements which I have put into That about ten minutes before the hour of noon William T. Watson, gov the record, although the same were presented to the Senate on the ernor of the State of Delaware, being in the chamber, came and took a seat alongside of this deponent, and said to him, "I am goinfi into the joint assem 29th day of January, 1896, and printed. bly and vote for a Senator." This deponent said, • You are ~going to do Mr. HOAR. What is the date of Mr. Watson's affidavit? what?" He answered, "I am going to-preside over the joint assembly to Mr. CHANDLER. January 28,1896. On the 29th of January day, and vote for a United States Senator." This deponent then said, "Do _you think that is right?" Governor Watson answered, "No, I do not; but these affidavits were presented and ]JTinted, and they never have my party has overruled me." This deponent answered, "Then I suppose been denied np to this moment. . there is nothing I can -say now that would change your mind;" to which I do not argue that these facts make any difference in th€ ques Watson Teplied, .. No; my mind is fully made up." tion of constitutional law. If Governor Watson voted, as I be • • * * * ~ * William T. Watson took a paper outofhispocket,and, without saying any lieve he did, through a coiLSpiracy to furnish the one vote that thing, handed it to me. I read it and handed it back to him.without saying was necessary to prevent a Senatorial election on that day, and anythlng. The paper, as I recollect it, to the best of my knowledge and be yet had a right to vote, his vote should be counted. If he had not lief, read about as follows: "We, the undersigned, pledge ourselves to vote for John Edward Addicks, first, last, and all the time." I think there was a a right to vote, then his vote should be rejected, no matter how line or two more, but I can not recollect what it was. This paper was signed pure his motives may have been, no -matter how pure may have l>y Newell Ball, Charles Moore, John Robbins, and Robert J. Hanby. The been the motives of his advisers, no matter how confident his first three were members of the house of representatives, and Mr. Hanby was advisers may have been as his right. These facts are only a a member of the senate. to GEO. F . PIERCE. part of the history of this case. They are a part of the history of the effort, for the first time in one hundred and eight years, on Mr. CHANDLER. I ask the Secretary to read from the middle th€ part of a goveTnor of a State to give a controlling vote in the of page 78, being the affidavit of John S. Prettyman, jr., dated election of a United States Senator. January 14, 1896. Mr. President, I do not-think Governor Watson's act was cred The Secretary read as follows: itable to the State of Delaware; I do not think it was in accord During this walk Governor Watson said to me that when he went to Dover ance with the public law of the United States: I do not think it on the morning of that day that he did not expect to preside as speaker of was an act which the Senate of the United States can afford to the senate, believing that he did not have a legal ri~ht to act as governor and senator. After reaching Dover, in response to the iniiuence of party leaders, indorse with the seal of its approval. he reversed this decision, and consented to enter the senate and claim his Mr. GRAY obtained the :floor. rights as speaker. In doing this, he said, he put aside his own judgment and Mr. PROCTOR. I should like to inquiJ.·e of the Senator from acted upon the judgment of those whom he regarded as well qualified to advise. He also said that if anyone would convince him that he had acted Delaware whether he wishes to proceed to-night. illegally in the matter that he would sign Mr. DuPont's certificate of election. Mr. GRAY. I do not wish to proceed to-night. If I may be On Friday following this conversation I met Go-vernor Watson about 1L30 allowed to hold the floor on this question, I will be much obliged a . m. in T. F. Hammersley's drug store, in Milford. I said to him that the to the Senate if they will extend to me the courtesy of allowing fact of the Speaker of the United States Senate abandonin~ his functions as Senator upon becoming President of the United States rmght have some me to resume to-morrow morning immediately after the routine weight with the Senate in considering the seating of Mr. DuPont. He seemed morning business is concluded. indignant, and blurted out in an an~ry manner, "What's that got to do with it? If you would read a little you rmght know something." I replied quietly Mr. PROCTOR. If the Senator from Delaware will yield to me, that his remark was a very foolish one; that I did not know that he .had ever I will ask unanimous consent- been credited with superior wisdom or learning; and that neither of our Mr. GRAY. I ask unanimous consent that I may resume the opinions was worth verymuch in thematter. Hethenquicklyandexcitedly drew from his pocket a folded piece of writing :{!a;per, and said," Read this." :floor on this question to-morrow immediately after the conclusion I took the paper and read the writing through. It was an aweement between of the routine morning business. Robert J. Hanby, Newall Ball, Charles Moore, and John .twbbins, members The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. SEWELL in the chair). Is of the Delaware legislature, si!!'Iled with their names, and to the effect that there objection to the request of the Senator from Delaware? they would vote for J. Edward Addicks for United States Senator, and that they would not vote for anyone else, even though no Senator should be Mr. PEFFER. There is a unanimous-consent agreement now elected. .As !passed the paper back to the governor he said," Wouldn't you in force in which the Senator from Delaware is interested and in have actedas1did under such circumstances?" I evaded his question by say which he took part. I think the Senator from Vermont [1\ir. ing, "Are the signatures genuine?" and he replied, "Of course they are; look again," and he passed the paper to me for the second time. I read it PROCTOR], perhaps, is not awar~ of it. There was a unanimous through again and examined the signatures, remarking that I was not famil consent agreement entered il}to this afternoon by which as soon iar with the autographs of these men, but that the names were in different as the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. CHANDLER] concluded handwritings. He said that he was not familiar with the autographs of the men, but that he was sure the names were genuine. The governor also said his remarks the Senator from Delaware [Mr. GRAY] should fol that this agreement was brou~ht to him to induce him to take part in the low him and conclude the discussion upon the DuPont case, and last joint assembly of the legislature, and, iniiuenced by it, through the that then the bond resolution which has been before the Senate advice o1 others, he consented to preside as speaker of that body, and did so preside upon the day mentioned. He fm•ther said that the Republicans had should be immediately proceeded with. Unless the unanimous every opportunity to elect a Senator and had failed to do so, and of course he consent agreement is carried over the bond resolution may lose p)'eferred that the Democratic party should have a representative in the its place, and that is what I wish to prevent. United States Senate from Delaware rather than the Republican party. :Mr. GRAY. Under the unanimous-consent agreement, as I Mr. CHANDLER. Now, theSecretarywillpleasereadfrom the understood it, the bond resolution of the Senator from Kansas affidavit of Frank Reedy, where I have marked it. would have the right of way immediately after the conclusion of The Secretary read as foUows: myremarks. . Governor Watson said to me, "You fellows ought not to be so hard on me Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. That is the way I understand it. for not electing a United States Senator; you ought to blame those other four Mr. PROCTOR. I will say for the benefit of the Senator from men." I replied, "We do not blame you altogether, but we think you ought Kansas that I merely ask to call up a measure which I think will not to have gone in thereat the time you did if you had not gone before." Wat son then said, "I did not go in until I had the best legal talent of the party not be objected to. If there is objection, it can be withdrawn. It advising me so to do, and not until I had got this"; and he handed me a pape1·. is a House bill of great interest to the District, and is designed to This paper, as well as I can remember, read about as follows: "We, the under prevent litigation. signedii hereby pledge oun;elves to vote for John Edward Addicks first, last, and a the time." There may have been a couple more lines, but I can not Mr. PEFFER. Then I ask unanimous consent that the agree remember where or what they were. ment we entered into this afternoon may be considered as con This paper was signed by Charles Moore, Newall Ball, John Robbins, and tinued. Robert J. Hanby. 'The first three were members of the house of representar tives of the State, and the said Hanby was a member of the senate. The PRESIDING OFFICER. lf there be no objection, it will Squire Robert J. Beswick came np about that time a.nd I handed the paper be so ordered. back to Governor Watson without anything further being said by either of Mr. HILL. What is it? us. Mr. PEFFER. That the unanimous-consent agreement shall Mr. CHANDLER. The Senator from Delaware remarked a be continued. little while ago that he did not understand that there was any Mr. HOAR. I rise to a parliamentary inquiry. doubt in the mind of anyone in Delaware as to the right of Gov ·Mr. GRAY (to Mr. HILL). The Senator from Kansas asks ernor Watson to do what he did, to enter the Senate.and vote. unanimous consent that the bond resolution may be taken up The Senator so stated, unless I am mistaken. after I shall have concluded my remarks. I asked to be permitted 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3955 to speak to-morrow, and he asks that the unanimous-consent and that at the conclusion of the remarks of the Senator from agreement may be extended. Delaware-- Mr. ALDRICH. What is the question before the Senate? Mr. GRAY. That is right. Mr. PEFFER. I asked unanimous consent, and I understood Mr. PEFFER. The bond resolution should be taken up. the Chair had asked for it and it was conceded-- Mr. GRAY. May I say a word right here? I wish to state The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there be no objection, such that the Senator from Kansas has stated what I understood and will be the arrangement. what I think the Senate understood to be the unanimous-consent Mr. HOAR. I rise to a parliamentary inquiry. agreement. I should regret very much indeed if the courtesy Ml·. HILL. I should like to have the Senator from Kansas state extended to me to defer my remarks tmtil to-morrow should at what he asks for. He starts in and does not finish the request. all interfere with what was the understanding as to the rights of The PRESIDL..~G OFFICER. The Senator from Kansas will the Senator from Kansas at the conclusion of my remarks. restate his request. Mr. PEFFER. What I have asked fol', and what I understand, Mr. PEFFER. What I ask is thai these intermediate proceed and I think the Chair understands, has been conceded, is that these ings shall not interfere with the unanimous-consent agreement preliminary efforts that are now beingmade-the consideration of which was entered into this afternoon, that as soon as the Sena matters such as the Senatorfrom Vermont [Mr. PRocTOR] wishes tor from Delaware concludes his remarks the bond resolution shall to present to the Senate-shall not in any way interfere with this be immediately taken up. unanimous-consent agreement, and that to-morrow, when the Mr. HOAR. I rise to a parliamentary inquiry. What is the Senator from Delaware concludes his remarks upon the DuPont unanimous consent which the Senate is asked to extend? resolution, we shall proceed to the consideration of the bond res The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair understands it is the olution. unanimous-consent agreement entered into to-day in relation to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the agree the bond resolution. Is that correct? the Chair asks the Senator ment as stated by the Senator from Kansas? The Chair hears nom Kansas. none, and such will be the order. Mr. PEF3R. I will state the facts for the information of the MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. Chair, as the Senator who now occupies the chair was not its occu pant at the time the agreement was made. The Senator from A message from the House of Repre~entatives, by Mr. CHAPELL, Massachusetts [Mr. HoAR] will see by referring to the Calendar one of its clerks, announced that the House had agreed to the re that several days ago a unanimous-consent agreement was made port of the committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of that at 2.15 o'clock on this day the resolution known as the bond the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. resolution, the resolution proposing an investigation of bond sales, 6248) making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and should be taken up. But when that hour was reached to-day it judicial expenses of the Government for the :fiscal-jear ending happened that the Senator fromNewHampshire [Mr. CHANDLER] June 30, 1897, -and ~ for other purposes; insisted upon its disagree was occupying the fl.ooT in an address upon the DuPont resolution. ment to certain amendments of the Senate to the bill upon which The unanimous-consent, agreement was then continued over by an the committee were unable to agree; agreed to a further confer additional consent, so that the Senator from New Hampshire ence asked by the Senate on the disagreeing votes of the two might conclude his re.ma.rks. Houses thereon, and had appointed Mr. BnmH.A.M, Mr. McCALL Mr. HOAR obtamed the floor. of Tennessee, and Mr. DoCKERY managers at the conference on Mr. HILL. Will the Senator from ~1\Iassachusetts permit me? the part of the House. I will state that I have not objected to the request of the Senator The message also announced that the House had passed the fol from Kansas. and I do not now object. I simply wish to call the lowing bills and joint resolution; in which it requested the con attention of the Senate to the fact that a unanimous-consent agree currence of the Senate: ment to take up a bill or a resolution at some future time is nothing A bill (H. R. 1882) for the relief of John Ruhm, sr., Nashville, more nor less than making a special order of the measure for a Tenn.; particular time. It has no solemnity or importance beyond that. A bill (H. R. 2412) to remove tb.e cb.arge of desertion now stand Mr. FAULKNER. Oh, yes; it has. ing against George Alcott on the Tolls of the War Department; Mr. fiLL. And it is subject to the right of the Senate to take A bill (H. R. 2813) granting a pension to Rita Stine; it up or to pursue any other course in regard to it which it sees A bill (H. R. 3610) for the relief of holders of certain District of fit. If it has any other effect, then I shall desire to object to an Columbia tax-sale certificates, and for other purposes; agreement being made. . A bill (H. R. 3771) for the relief of Stratton H. Benscoter· .Mr. FAULKNER. I think the effect of a unanimous-consent A bill (H. R. 4452) to amend section416 of the RevisedSt:{tutes agreement to take up a measure at a particular time is that every of the United States relating to the District of Columbia; thing yields to the unanimous-consent agreement unless at that A bill (H. R. 5790) to permit the Pintsch Compressing Company time unanimous consent is given to avoid the previous unanimous to lay pipes in certain streets in the city of Washington; consent arrangement. IIi is a very serious proposition. A bill (H. R. 6104) for the relief of Anton Gloetzner; J\.1r. HILL. It merely makes the measure a special order; that A bill (H. R. 6663) to authorize and regulate the sale of un is all. . claimed freight, baggage, and other property in the District of Mr. FAULKNER. No. A special ordef comes up in its turn, Columbia; but a unanimous-consent agreement to proceed to the considera A bill (H. R. 7139) to authorize the Falls Church and Potomac tion of a measure at a particular time nothing can avoid in the Sen Railway Company of Virginia to extend its line into and within ate that! have ever seen except a unanimous-consent agreement to the District of Columbia, and for other purposes; · . avoid it, whereas a majority vote or other procedure can set aside A bill (H. R. 7264) to provide for the drainage of lots in the Dis a special order. trict of Columbia; Mr. HOAR. I should like to have the unanimous-consent agree A bill (H. R. 8043) to amend an act to provide for holding terms ment carefully understood before we proceed to do anything else. of th~ p-nited Sta~es court at Mississippi City; and Mr. PEFFER. So would I. A JOmt resolution (H. Res. 170) to provide for the proper dis Mr. HOAR. The Chair was kind enough to recognize me be tribution of the publication entitled Messages and Papers of the fore. One Senator stated-! think the Senator from Kansas-that Presidents. there was a Ul1an.imous-consent agreement that the remarks of the ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. Senator from Delaware should conclude the discussion on the Du The message also announced that the Speaker of the House had Pont case. Now, I haw nEYVer consented to any such agl'eement. signed the following enrolled bills and joint resolutions: 1\Ir. PEFFER. That is not the state of the case at all. A bp..I (S.100) for the.relief TAXATION OF PROPERTY IN THE DISTRICT. from Wisconsin [Mr. VILAS], I waived our opportunity to be Mr. PROCTOR. I renew my request that the Senate proceed heard. The joint resolution has been pendil:!ghereforthree weeks, to the consideration of the bill (H. R. 3281) to authorize reassess confining myself and my colleague here constantly for fear that ments for improvements and general taxes in the District of by some unanimous-consent arrangement the unfinished business Columbia, and for other purposes. might be relegated to obscurity. I think this is a good opportu The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection? nity to go on with the question. The Senator from Wisconsin has Mr. CANNON. I do not desire to interpose an objection to the been heard at great length; we also have been heard on our side, request of the Senator from Vermont, but I should like to have the and I believe the Senate is as well prepared to vote on the amend unfinished business laid before the Senate with a view to taking ment and on the original measure now as if we were to wait three it up this afternoon and concluding it. There seems to be an weeks longer for a similar opportunity. opportunity which has been lacking for some weeks past. Mr. HILL. Last Thursday afternoon both Senators fTvm Utah The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair lays before the Sen sat in their seats and permitted another matter to take the place ate the unfinished business, which will be stated by title. of their bill by not objecting to the making of another matter a The SECRETARY. A joint resolution (S. R. 102) directing the special order for to-day. Secretary of the Interior to open for public entry all that certain Mr. CANNON. We have- part of the public domain in the State of Utah known as the Mr. HILL. To-day, a few moments ago, a single objection Uncompahgre Indian Reservation. would have interfered with the unanimous1'Qnsent agreement Mr. PROCTOR. I ask that the unfinished business may be given about continuing another subject. We expected the Sena temporal"ily laid aside. . tor from Delaware to speak this afternoon, following the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Vermont asks from New Hampshire. We can not very well proceed with the unanimous consent that the unfinished business be.temporarily joint resolution this afternoon, Mr. President. · laid aside. Is there objection? The Chair hears none, and it is so Mr. BROWN. I wish the Senator from New York would per ordered. mit me to correct him in regard to his statement that we sat in Mr. PROCTOR. I ask the Senate to proceed to the considera our seats when the arrangement about the bond resolution CWas tion of the bill I have indicated. made. I was not here, or I certainly would have objected for one, There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the as I had before: to taking up that particular measure. I did not Whole, proceeded to consider the bill, which had been reported intend to yield and I do not really understand that we will now.. from the Committee on the District of Columbia with an amend Mr. HILL. I will change my expression and say the Senator ment, in line 24, after the word" assessments," to insert: ought to have been in his seat. And any amount heretofore paid upon an assessment which has been de Mr. BROWN. I will Temark to the Senator from New York clared vmd shall be credited the owner upon the reassessment made under that it is merely a special order and we still have a right to the the provisions of this biU. floor. So as to make the proviso read: Mr. HILL. I doubt the right to. have presented this afternoon Provided, That in cases where such taxes or assessments shall be quashed at 4 o'clock an unfinished business. We can not have three or or declared void by said court, for the reasons hereinbefore stated, the reas four matters of unfinished business pending at the same time, sessments herein provided for shall be made within ninety days after the judgment or decree of said court quashing or setting aside such taxes or each having the right of way, to come in at any time any Senator a.c;sessments, and any amount heretofore paid upon an assessment which has wants one to be brought in. The1·e must be some system about been declared void shall be credited the owner upon the reassessment made this thing. I simply suggest to the Senator from Utah that we under the provision of this hill. can not dispose of the joint resolution to-night. When the Sena The amendment was agreed to. toi· from Wisconsin left the Chamber he said to me, "I assume Mr. PROCTOR. I will read a brief letter from one of the Com the Delaware matter will be continued all the afternoon." He missioners to the Hon. JAMES McMILLAN, chairman of the Com- has no disposition to delay the joint resolution at all. mittee on the District of Columbia: ; Mr. CANNON. I think it is a poor rule which will not work I beg to call your special attention to the urgent necessity for an early en both ways. The distinguished Senator from New York rebuked actment of Senate bill 1376, to authorize the reassessment for local improve ments and general taxes in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes. the Senators from Utah a few moments ago with the statement This bill, as I remember, passed the House and only awaits action by the that they should have been in their places to watch that nothing Senate. should intervene. I think the Senator from Wisconsin should Every day writs are served upon the Commissioners to set aside special as have been in his place, then, to see that nothing should occur here sessments; and as the bill does not propose to be retroactive, but only to re assess those which are hereafter quashed or set aside, the sooner the bill is which would be detrimental to interests which he represents. I passed the greater the amount that will be saved from the wreck. do not choose, however, to be as sevE:re in practice as in speech, The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend and if any interest of this country is likely to suffer through the ment was concurred in. absence of the Senator from Wisconsin I am willing to defer the The amendment was ordered robe engrossed and the bill to be consideration of the joint resolution, asking, however, that there read a third time. may be some understanding on this subject. I suppose that the The bill was read the third time, and passed. unfinished business has the right of way, and no unanimous con UNCOMPAHGRE INDIAN RESERVATION. sent can interfere witb- the unfinished business unless by distinct understanding to that effect. I arrived at that conclusion from our Mr. CANNON. I ask that the unfinished business may be laid having risen in our places so often in the attempt to protect the before the Senate. unfinished business that it has become already a matter of amuse The PRESIDING OFFICER. The unfinished business will be ment to others. Now, if the unfinished business may stand on proceeded with. the Calendar to be taken up at the first opportunity to be afforded, The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the consid and if it should be necessary to guard ourselves not only against eration of the joint resolution (S. R.102) directing the Secretary the loss of our right on the Calendar, but against the criticisms of of the Interior to open for public entry all that certain part of the Senators like the distinguished gentleman from New York for our public domain in the State of Utah known as the Uncompahgre failure to interpose every time a proposition is made here, I shall Indian Reservation, the pending question being on the amendment be quite willing to have the joint resolution go over, pending the of Mr. VILAS to add the following proviso: return of the Senator from Wisconsin. Provided, That any lands conta.inin~ asphaltum, gilsonite, or like substances Mr. HILL. If it will relieve the feelings of the Senator from shall be reserved for proper disposition by Congress. Utah I will say that under the rules the Senator from Wisconsin Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, I think remarks are unnecessary should have been here also; but he left tne matter in my charge; on this subject further than to call the attention of the Senate to and therefore I look after it. I will also simply suggest to the the fact that the- Senator from Utah that if he expects to get his joint resolution Mr. IDLL. The Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. VILAS] desires acted upon within a reasonable time in the future somebody will to be heard in regard to the joint resolution, and he was assured have to be here to prevent unanimous consent being given in by the unanimous-consent arrangement that the Senator from regard to other measures. It has already been demonstrated New Hampshire [Mr. CHANDLER] was to speak, to be followed by that unanimous-consent agreements do take the place not only of the Senator from Delaware [Mr. GRAY], and that then the bond privileged questions like the DuPont ca.se but matters of unfin resolution was to be taken up. He left the Chamber with that ished business. We have now pending before the Senate, first, understanding, and therefore we can not very well proceed with the privileged question. What that exactly means nobody seems this measure this afternoon. to know. Then we have the unfinished business; then we have Several SENATORS. Let us adjourn. two or three special orders, and then we have unanimous-consent Mr. HILL. I ask the Senator from Utah to move to adjourn or agreements," all demanding recognition at the same time. move an executive session, whatever is proper at this time. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. And appropriation bills. Mr. CANNON. I do not yield for the purpose of permitting a Mr. HILL. And appropriation bills, as myfriendfromArkansas motion to adjourn to be made. Before this matter proceeds fur on my left suggests, demanding priority. ther I think it fair to state that on a previous occasion, the only Mr. FAULKNER. With one appropriation bill half through. opportunity which we have had for the consideration of this meas Mr. HILL. Half through, and suspended between heaven and ure since its first introduction, at the solicitation of the Senator earth. Therefore, I think somebody will have to be present here 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3957 to look after these bills. Now, having exhausted the time until proceed with it. But the bill has been reported so many times we havereached thepropertimeforadjournment,I move that the that I think it will not give rise to any discussion. Senate adjourn. . Mr. CALL. Let the unfinished business be laid aside tempo The PRESIDING OFFICER. Pending the motion to adJourn rarily for the purpose. the Chair will lay before the Senate sundry Honse bills for refer~ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Such is the request of the Sen ence. ator from Minnesota. Is there objection? HOUSE BILLS REFERRED. There being no objection, the Senate~ as in Committee of the The following bills were severally_ rea: HOUSE OF REPRESENTArriVES. Mr. COOPER of Texas. Yes, sir; anterior to secession. Mr. PITNEY. As I understood the reading of the bill, the claim TUESDAY, April14, 1896. covers a period ending in 1863. Mr. COOPER of Texas. No, sir; that is incorrect. The House met at 12 o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. Mr. PITNEY. Wbether that be so or not, is not this a man liE~'"RY N. COUDEN. who, having been engaged in mail transportation for the Govern The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and ap ment, entered afterwards the Confederate postal service? proved. Mr. COOPER of Texas. No, sir; itisnot. Thisman has been A. B. PEDIGO. a loyal citizen-and a loyal Republican- all the time. As I have Mr. COOPER of Texas. I ask unanimous consent for the pres sta~d, he w::-s t~e ReJ?ublica.n candidate for Congress four years ent consideration of the bill which I send to the desk ago m the district which I now represent. He was loyal during The bill (H. R . 1280) for the relief of A. B. Pedigo was read, as the war, and his whole family have been loyal. follows: The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consideration Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized of the bill? - a.nd directed to pay to A. B. Pedigo, out of any money in the Treasnrv not Mr. PITNEY. I object. otherwise appropriated, the sum of $331.06, the same being balance due for carrying United States mails in the State of Texas f-rom October 1, 1860, to Mr. CANNON. I call for the regular order. May31,186L LEGISLATIVE, ETC., APPROPRIATIO BILL. Mr. PITNEY. If there is a report on this case, I should like to Mr. BINGHAM. I ask the reading of the conference report hear it. which I send to the desk. The report of the Committee on Claims was read. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. PITNEY. I shall have to object, I think. The committee of conference on the disag:reeing votes of the two Houses . Mr. COOPER of Texas. I ask the gentleman to withdraw his o;n the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R . 6248) making appropria objection until I can present some of the evidence in this case. tiOns for the legislativ~, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1897, and for other purposes, having met Mr. PITNEY. I am willing thattherighttoobject be reserved, after full and free conference have agreed to recommend and do recommend in order to enable tlie gentleman from Texas to make a statement. to their respective Houses as follows: Mr. COOPER of Texas. I ask that a letter from the Auditor That the Sena~ recede from,.,.its ~endments numbered 41, 42, 43 43, 49, 57, of the Post-Office Department be read. ~J1:J~· 63, 64, 65, 66, 71, 72, 74, 15, 76, 19, 94, 97, 103, 10!, 124:, 125, 129, 138,141,152, The Clerk read as follows: That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendments of the Sen TREASURY DEPARTMENT, a~e numbered 1,~,5,6, 7,8, 9,10, 15, ~i,18,20,21,24, 25, ~· 21 ~ 28,.,29, 30, 31, 3'2, 33, 34, OFFICE OF AUDITOR FOR THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT, 35, 39, 4.0, 44, 50, 51, 52, 53, M, 60, 67, 68, oo, "?~..'fl. 78, so. 8!, t);), 90,111, :J.... , 93h95, oo, no, n1, Wa.shington, D. C., January 27, 1896. 112, ll3, ll4, 123,126, L?l', 139, l«J, 145,146, .l1JU, and 154, and agree tot e same. Sm: In reply to a verbal inquiry relative to the claim of Mr. A. B. Pedigo, That the Honse recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Sen for carrying the mail in Texas in 1860, I have the honor to inform yon that ate numbered 2, and; agree to the same with a.n amendmeut as follows: Re the records of this office show that A. B. Pedigo was the mail contractor on store the matter stTicken out by said amehdment, and in lieu of the matter route No. 8619, Woodville to Beaumont, in the State of Texas, under a con· inserted inser"t the following: "And ~additional while the office is held by tract commencing July 1, 1858; that he was paid in full to September 30, 1800, the present incumbent"; a.nd the Senate agree to the same. and that a balance stands to his credit for service from October 1, 1860, to May That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Sen 31, 18G1, the date to which service has been certified, amounting to $331.00. ate numbered 3, an~ agree to the same with an amendment as follows: Re The record of payments made by the Confederate States government, of store the matter stricken out by said amendment\ and in lieu of the matter claims of contractors for service performed prior to June 1,1861, is found in inserted insert the following: "And S:.'OO additional while the office is held by a register which is incomplete, there being a number of leaves and narts of the present incumbent"; and the Senate agree to the same. leaves missing, but so far as the record goes, there is no evidence of any pay That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Sen ment having been made to Mr. Pedigo by the Confederate States government ate numbered 45, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows· In for service under his contract with the United States. lieu of the sum proposed insert "S119.20 "; and the Se:na.te agree to the s~e Very respectfully, That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Sen: GEO. G. HOWARD, Auditor. ate numbered 46, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows· In lieu of the matter inserted by said amendment insert the following: Hon. S. B. CoOPER, "The House of Rep1·esentatives, Washington, D. C. Secretary of S~te is authorized to u_se _not exceeding $3,120 for the services of the emp~Teement to the amendment of the Sen I, A . B. Pedigo, a citizen of the State of Texas and county of Tyler, do ate numbared47, andagreetothesamewithanamendmentas follows: In lieu solemnly swear that I have never received payment from the United States of th~ matter inserted by said amendment_ insert, on page 67, after line 2 of of America for carrying United States mails in the State of 'rexas from the b1ll, as a separate paragraph, the following: "For watchman, to care for October 1, 1860, to May 31, 1861, and that the Confederate States government the ~onument and wharf at Wakefi~ld, Va., ~; the wharf to be used by the never paid me for said mail service, and that the $331.06 is a just debt, and public under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed therefor by the has never been paid. f::;ecreta.ry of War''; and the Senate a~ee to the same. A. B. PEDIGO. That the Hon....o::e recede from its diSagreement to the amendment of the Sworn to and subscribed before me by A. B. Pedigo, well known to me, on Sefi!tte numbered 50, !J-nd agree to t~e same with an amendment a'3 follows: this the 6th day of February, A. D. 1896. In lieu of the matter mserted by said amendment insert the following: "For W.E.ADAMS, chief of division of judicial accounts, $2,000 "; and the Senate agree to the A Notary Public Duly Qualified and Acting same. · in and for Tyler County, Tex. That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the THE STATE OF TEXAS, County of Tyler: Sefi!tte numbered 70, and a~_ree t_o the same with an amendment as follows: I, William S. Durham, a citizen of the State of Texas and county of Tyler, In lieu of the sum proposea m sa1d amendment insert "'$800 "; and the Senate !lo solemnly swear that I am well acquainted with Mr. A. B. Pedigo, who is agree to the same. also a citizen of said State and county, and have been acquainted with him That the House recedefromitsdisagreementtotheamendment of the Sen· from the year 1860 up to the present date, and have always known him to be ate numbered 81, and agree to the same with a.n amendment as follows" In a. loyal citizen of the United States of America. lieu of the sum proposed inser_t "$+9!,590"; and the Senate agree to the s~e. W. S. DURHA.l\L That the Honse recede from Its disagreement to the amendment of the Sen ate numbered 86, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In Sworn to and subscribed before me, the undersigned notary public duly lieu of the matter inserted by said amendment insert the following: "Appoint qualified and acting in and for Tyler County, Tex., on this the 6th day of ment clerk, $1,800 "; and the Senate agree to the same. February, A. D. 1896. That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Sen W. E. ADAMS, ate numbered 87, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In A NotaT'IJ Public in and for Tyler County, Tex. lien of the sum proposed insert "S50,9ti0"; and the Senate agree to tht~ same. Mr. COOPER of Texas. Mr. Speaker, the gentleman for whose That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Sen ate numbered 100, and a!!Tee to the same with an amendment as follows: In relief this bill is presented was four years ago the Republican lien of the sum propose~ in said amendment insert "$250 "; and the Scn..'l.te candidate for Congress in my district. His loyalty has never been agree to the same. questioned. The records of the Post-Office Department show That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Sen ate numbered 105, and agree to the same witbpa.n amendment as follows: In that this debt is due, and it has never been paid either by the lieu of the sum proposed by said amendment msert "$1.,800 "; and the Senate United States Government or by the Confederate States. agree tO the same. Mr. CANNON. Is this one of the so-called mail contractors' That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Sen ate numbered 106, and a~ree to the same with an amendment as follows: In claims, aggregating a large amount-something like $300,000 or lieu of the sum proposed msert" $50,2;.."'0 "; and the Senate agree to the same. $400,000 or $500,000-growing out of transactions happening about That the Honse recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the t:len the beginning of the war? ate numbered 107, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In :Mr. COOPER of Texas. I do not understand this to be one of line 9 of the matter inserted by said amendment strike ou.t the words" twenty five thousand" and insert in lien thereof the words "twel~te thousand five the claims to which the gentleman refers. The Gov-ernment con hundred"; and the Senate agree to the same. tracted with this man for carrying the mail, and he performed That the House recede from its di.sagreeiiLent to the amendment of the Sen ate numbered 128, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In the service. Hostilities broke out, and he never was able to get lieu of the sum proposed insert "$1,300 "; and the Senate agree to the sa.me. his pay, no appropriation for that purpose having heretofore been That the Honse recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Sen made. ate numbered 143, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In Mr. CANNON. Where was this service performed? line 3 of the matter inserted by said amendment strike out the words "two Mr. COOPER of Texas. In Texas. i~~ ~~~-insert in lieu thereof the words " a term"; and the Senate agree Mr. CANNON. In 1861? That the. House r ecede from its disagreement to the amendment of the 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3959 SenatenumberedH7, and a eetothesamewithanamendmentasfollo'ws: On On amendment numbered 70: Appropriates $800, instead of S1,000, as pro page 106, in line 13 of the ~ll, strike out the word "as" and insert in lieu posed by the Senate, for the collection of facts relative to the iltternal and thereof the word "is"; and the Senate agree to the same. foreign commerce, under the Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Department.. That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the.Sen On amendments numbered 71 and 72: Strikes out the a.vpropnation of S600 ate numbered 14.8, and agree to t.he same with an amendment a.s follows: In for an additional messenger, proposed by the Senate, m the office of the line 1 of the matter inserted by said amendment strike out the words "five Marine-Hospital Service. hundred"; and the Senate agree to the same. On amendments numbered 73, 74:, 7'), and 76: Makes a verbal correction in That the House recede from its disagreement totheamendmento:f the Sen the text of the bill, and strikes out the appropriations prt~~c;;:d by the Sen ate numbered U!l, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In ate of $1,000 for a messenger and $850 for an additional wa n in the office lieu of the sum proposed insert "$25, 720 ''; and the Senate agree to the same. of the assistant treasurer at Boston. That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Sen On amendments numbered 77 and 78: Appropriates $720, as proposed by ate numbered 151, and agree to the same with an amendment 3.S follows: In the Senate, for stenographer in the office of the assistant treasurer at Chi~ lieu of the matter stricken out by said amendment insert the following: "SEC. 3. Section 166 of the Revised Statutes is amended to read as follows: caB~· amendments numbered 79, 80, and 81: Strikes out the appropriation •• • SEC. 166. Each head of a Department may, from time to time, alter the proposed by the Senate of $1,200 for a stenographer, and appropriates ~ distribution among the various bureaus and offices of his Department of the and SSOO. respectively, for 2 additional money counters in the office of the clerks and other employees allowed by law, except such clerks or employees assistant treasurer at New York. as may be required by law to be exclusively engaged upon some specific On amendment numbered 84: Appropriates $2.000, as proposed by the Sen work, as he may find it necessary and. proper to do, but all details hereunder ate, for repairs of the adobe palace at Santa Fe, N.Mex. shall be made by written order of the head of the Department, and in no case On amendment numbered 85 : lnsei•tsthe provision proposed by the Senate, be for a veriod of time exceeding one hundred and twenty days: Provided, prohibiting the legislative assembly of Oklahoma from considering any propo That details so made may Qn expiration, be renewed from time to time by sition or passing any bill to remove theseat of government of said. Territory. written order of the he~ of the Department, in each particular case, for On amendments numbered 86 and 87: Appropriates $1,800, instead of $2,250, periods of not exceeding one hundred and twenty days. All details hereto for an appointment clerk in the Navy Department. fore made a.re hereby revoked, but !!lay be renewed as provided herein.'" On amendments numbered 90 and 91: Appropriates for a clerk at $1,200, And the Senate agree to the same. instead of a copyist, at $'900, as proposed by the Senate, at the Naval Observa The committee of conference have been unable to agree on the amendments tory. numbered 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19. 22, 23, 36, 37, 38, 55, 56, 82, 83, 88, 89, 98, 99, 101, 102, On amendment-s numbered 92 and 93: Strikes out the appropriation of ~~~~m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $2,250, as proposed by the Senate, for a chief draftsman in the Bureau of 144, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 1M, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, Steam Engineering, Navy Department. ~~~~m~m~~~~~~~~~~~~ On a,mendments numbered 9*, 95, 96, and 97: Strikes out. :provision for an 192, 103, 19!, 195, 190, 197, 198, 19!), 200, 201, 20'Z, 203, 20!, 205, 206, :207, 208, 209, 210, additional clerk of class 3, proposed by the Senate, and proVIdes for a clerk, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219,220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 2"..8, 229, at $1,200, in lieu of a bookkeeper, a.t $1,200, in the office of the Secretary of the 230, 231, 232, 233, 23!, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 24H, 2:!4, 245, 246, 247, 248, Interior. -~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~ .On amendment numbered 100: Appropriates $250, instead of $.300, as nro 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 213, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 2&1, 285, 286, posed by the Senate, for purchase of law books for the Pension Office. On amendments numbered 103, 10!, 105, and 106: Strikes out the increase 306,~~-~~--~-~~--~~-~~~ 307, 300, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, and 314. proposed by the Senate in the salaries of the chief cl£>rk and statistician of HENRY H. BINGHAM, the Bureau of Education and appropriates $1,800, instead of ..1,600, as .vroposed JOHN E. McC-l\.LL, by the House, and $!3,000, as proposed by the Senate, for a specialist m educa ALEXANDER M. DOCKER~, tion as a preventive of pauperism and crime. Manage1·s on the part of the House. On amendment numbered 107: Authorizes the :(>Ublication of 12,500, instead S. M. CULLOM, 25,000 copies, as proposed by the Senate, of bulletms of the Bureau of Educa H. M. TELLER, tion as to the condition of higher education, etc. E. M. COCKRELL, On amendments numbered 110 and 111: Appropriates $1200, as proposed by Managers on the part of the Senate_ the Senate, for ren~ of additional rooms for the Geological Survey. On amendments numbered 112, 113, and 114: Appropriates $10,000, as pro The statement of the House conferees was read, as follows: posed by the Senate, instead of $8,500, as proposed by the House, for clerks_ The managers on the part of the House of the conference on the disagreeing and $3,600, as proposed by the Senate, instead of $3,000, as proposed bv the votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the legislative, House, for contingent expenses in the office of the surveyor-general of Colo executive, and judicial appropriation bill (H. R. U248) submit the following rado. written statement in explanation of the action agreed upon and recommended On amendments numbered L."3, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, and 129, relating to the in the accompanying conference report, namely: Po t~Office De~a.rtment: Strikes out the pr?vision propose~ by the House On amendments numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 17, 18, 20, and 21, relating making the chief clerk of the Department, Instead of the disbursing clerk, to the Senate: Provides for the additional compensation proposed by the Sen suilerintendent of the Department buil~ strikes out the provision fm· an_ ate for the financial clerk, librarian, and one assistant in the stationery room; additional. laborer, proposed by the Senate, in the office of the First Assist for an additional assistant clerk at $1,440 to the Committee on Pensions; for ant Postmaster-General; appropriates $1,300, instead of $1,000, as proposed by an assistant clerk at $1.440 to the Committee on Military .Affairs; for clerks the House, and $1,600; as proposed by the Senate, for horses and wagons for to the Committees on Woman Suffrage, Mines and Mining, and Construction the De:partment, and restores to the bill the provision proposed by the House of the Nicaragua Canal, at $2,100 each; provides for thepagesforonehundred authoriZing the Postmaster-General to contract for the Postal Guide for a. and twenty-one days instead of one hundred and seventeen days during the term of four years. coming short session; strikes out a clerk at $1,800 in the post-office and appro On amendment numbered 138: Appropriates $1,500, as proposed by the priates $8,000 instead of $!,000, as proposed by the House, for folding speeches House, instead of $2,000, as proposed by the Senate, for law books for the: and pamphlets. Department of Justice. On amendment numbered 24:: Appropriates $300, as proposed by the Senate, On amendments numbered 139,140, and 141: Provides for an additional clerk instead of $100, as proposed by the House, for contingent expenses of the Cap of class 4, as proposed by the Senate, in the office of the Solicitor of the itol police. Treasury,and appropriates$300, a.s pro:posed by the House, instead of $500, as On amendments numbered 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35, relating proposed by the Senate, for law books m said office. to the House of Representatives: Appropriates for compensation of the On amendment numbered 143: Provides, as proposed by the Senate, for a session employees for one hundred and twenty-one days instead of. one hun term of the circuit court of the Ninth judicial circuit to be held each year in dred and seventeen days for services during the coming short session of this two places in said circuit other than San Francisco. Congress. On amendments numbered 14.5, 146, and li7: Ap.!lropriates for the salary of On amendments numbered 39 and 40: Appropriates $5,000, as pr:oposed by by the ;:,enate, and makes a verbal the Senate, instead of $3,500, as proposed by the House, for salary of the pri ~~r~~tlfo~b{~~e~~t ~~~e a~nf.roposed vate secretary of the President. On amendments numbered 148 and 149: Appropriates for a reporter for the On amendments numbered 41 and 42: Appropriates for a mes~:~enger at $8!0, court of appeals, District of Columbia, at $1,000, instead of at $1,500, as proposed as proposed by the House, instead of two messen~er boys at $4:00 each, as pro by the Senate. posed by the Senate, for the Civil Servi~e CoiiUD.lSsion. On amendment numbered 150: Strikes from the bill, as proposed by the On amendments numbered 43, 44, and 45: Strikes out the appropriation of Senate, the amendment of section 843 of the Revised Statutes. $2,100 proposed by the Senate for a law clerk, and appropriates for 10 clerks On amendment numbered 151: Restores to the bill the amendment proposed at $90U each, as proposed by the Senate, instead of 8, as proposed by the by the House to section 166 of the Revised Statutes, relating to the detail of House, in the Department of State. clerks in the Executive Departments, amended so as to restrict such details On amendment numbered 46: Authorizes the Secretary of State to use not to periods of one hundred and twenty days, instead of sixty days, as proposed exceeding $3,120 of the appropriation made in the diplomatic act for consular by the House. and commercial reports for services of employees in the Bureau of Statistics, On amendments numbered 152, 153, and 1M: Corrects the numbering of De]Jartment of State. sections in the bill, and strikes out section.6 of the bill as it passed the House On amendment numbered 47: Appropriates $300 for a watchman for care of the same baing provided for elsewhere. ' wharf and monument at W akefi.eld, V a., and authorizes the use of said wharf The committee of conference have been unable to agree on the amend by the public under rules to be prescribed by the Secretary of War. ment'! of the Senate relating to the following subjects, namely: On amendments numbered48and49: Strikes out an additional clerk of class Increasing the pay of certain committee clerks of the Senate from $1,«0 to 3, proposed by the Senate, in the division of bookkeeping and warrants, Treas- $1,800 each; Providing for 10 additional messengers, at $1,440 each, instead of 10 skilled uiJn~~:~~~~\s numbered 50 and 51: Provides for an additional clerk of laborers, at $1,000 each, for the Senate; class 3, as proposed by the Senate, in the division of customs, Treasury De Incre~g 1!Jle pay of 3 laborers from $720 to $840 each, for the Senate; partment. Appropr1atmg for 38 annual clerks to Senators who are not chairmen of On amendment numbered 52: Provides that the chief engineer of the Rev committees; at $1,500 each; enue-Cutter Sen-ice, detailed as engineer-in-chief of said Service, shall here Providing for 12additional Capitol policemen, at $1,100 each, in lieu of 7 watch after receive the duty pay and have the relative rank of a captain of the men now employed in the Capitol Groun~, at $840 each; Revenue-Cutter SerVIce. Providing for 3 additional clerks, at $900 each, for the execution of the copy On amendments numbered 53 and M: Provides for an additional sewer and right law, and for a register of copyrights, at $2,000, to be selected by the Joint Committee on the Library; fo~~e~d~E:fsd:~\~~~~t!~e5l <§i~~~~o~tt~: :f'lcfttt~~ ~:~kr;~!~~ Incre3.Sing th~ compensation of the Assistant Comptroller of the Treasury 2, proposed by the Senate, in the office of the Auditor for the Treasury De from $-!,000 to S-'>,000; partment. Increasing the amount for contingent expenses of assay office at Boise City, On ame:pdments numbered 59, 60, and 61: Provides for a chief of division of Idaho, from $2,500 to $3,500; judicial accounts at $2,000, instead of at $2,200, as proposed by the Senate, in Striking out the provision inserted by the House regulating the meetin<>' of the office of the Auditor for the State and other Departments. the legislative assembly of New Mexico; "' On amendments numbered 62, 63, 6!, 65, and 66: Stz·ikes out the provision Striking out phe provision authorizing the Secretary of the Navy to select for 1 additional pressman, 3 separators, and 1 feeder in the office of the Treas the employees m the Office of Naval Records of the Rebellion, and authoriz-. urer, and the appropriation of S2,000 for JlUrchase of a press and separating ing an ~ditional thousa_nd copies of t~e Naval Records of the Rebellion; machine, proposed by the Senate. Provi.ding_for 10 exannners, to const1tute a board of examiners of surveys, On amendments numbered 67, 68,~ and 69: Appropriates• for a stenographer at $2,000 each, in the General Land Office; . and typawriter at $1,5UO, in lieu or a clerk at $1,200, in the Bureau of Statis Appropriating $44,020 for additional force in the Patent Office, to constitute. tics, 'l'l·ea.sury Department. a classification division; 3960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 14, . Authorizing the Secretary of the Interior, in his discretion, to extend the Mr. BINGHAM. Certainly; I will come to that in the course present contract for photolithographing for the Patent Office one year; Increasing the amounts for clerks in the offices of the surveyors-general of of my rema1·ks. NewMexico,Oregon Utah,and Wyoming; Mr. DOCKERY (continuing). And also the increase in the Providing for 2 additional assistant attorneys, at $2,500, and for 4 additional pay of certain annual clerks. clerks in the Department of Justice; Providing for printing and distributing advance sheets of the opinions of Mr. BINGHAM. As far as the clerks of Senators are con the Su-preme Court to all circuit and district judges; cerned, they are increased from 51,200 to $1,500 a year. But I ProVIding for a. messenger, at $2,000, to perform the duties of librarian and will come to that in the course of my remarks hereafter. crier for the circuit court of appeals of the Eighth judicial circuit: and Increasing the aggregate of the salaries proposed by the House for United Mr. LIVINGSTON. If my colleague will permit me, did I States district attorneys $66,500, and those of United States marshals $TI,500, understand him to say that the Senate not only retain their an and striking out the provision proposed by the House regulating the appoint nual clerks, but increase their salary beyond the figure they are ment and fees of United States commissioners. HENRY H. BINGHAM, now receiving? JNO. E. McCALL, Mr. BINGHAM. I do. ALEX. M. DOCKERY, Mr. LIVINGSTON. What is the amount of the increase? Managers on the part of the Home. Mr. BINGHAM. I will come to that increase, naturally, as I Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, whilelthinkthereport, together proceed with this part of the bill. with the statement of the conferees, is ample for the information I have already stated that there are certain clerks to the com of the House, if gentlemen had been able to hear, I will submit for mittees in the Senate which are increased· from $1,440 to $1,800, further information a few references to the questions which have making a total of $7,560; 10 messengers at $1,440 in lieu of 12 been in contention between the two Houses upon this bill. The laborers at $1,000 each:, making an increase of $2,400; 2laborers bill as it passed the House has substantially, with the exception increased from $720 to $840 each, making a total of $240. of the paragraphs pertaining to marshals and district attorneys, Now we come to the provisions for clerks to Senators. Thirty passed the Benate. Therefore many of the matters embraced in eight clerks to Senators, who are not chairmen of committees, the House bill have not been in conference between the two Houses, increased from $1,200 to $1,500 each; sum total, $57,000. In other because, as is shown by the statement which has been read, the words, the Senate increased the compensation of its subordinate House bill has been substantially agreed to by the Senate. The force in sum total $67,200. contentions have been wholly upon the bill as reported by the Senate The Capitol police is also increased and is in controversy-12 committee or upon the bill as amended in the Senate. privates at $1,100 each, instead of 7 watchmen at $840, an increase The House committee in reporting this bill followed a close, of $7,320. Library of Congress, the register of copyrights in perhaps severe, line of action and determined that for the next creased $2,000, and 3 clerks at $900 each, an increase of $4,700. fiscal year but few, if any, additions to the subordinate force of Assistant Comptroller of the Treasury, from $4,000 to $5,000, in the different Depa1·tments of the Government was needed for the -creass of $1,000. proper conduct of business. Further than that, as private enter prise and general industries are nowhere adding to the compensa Other items are as follows: Assay office, Boise, Idaho, for contingent expenses ____ $1, 000 tion of subordinate force, your committee deemed it inexpedient Printing 1,000 copies Naval Records ______14, 000 allow additional compensation to clerks in the several Depart to Under the Interior Department: ments. If the line which we drew was somewhat too close and Laborers to distribute Census reports______3, 960 exacting, we soon discovered in our contentions with the Senate Ten examiners, Land Office ______20,000 that the line drawn by that body was far too generous-not war Classification division, Patent Office______44, 020 · ranted either by the condition of the country or the condition of Clerks to surveyors-general in New Mexico, Oregon, the Treasury. The Senate added to the bill314 amendments, 159 Utah, and. Wyoming ______11,000 of them pertaining to the judicial sections of the bill. And right in that connection, Mr. Speaker, permit me to state for the infor Making a total increase of______78,980 mation of the House that the committee, in this preliminary con ference report, have left in abeyance for the next report all of the Under the Interior Department: paragraphs pertaining to the disagreements between the House Under the head of Department of Justice- and Senate on the matter of the fees of marshals, district attorneys, For assistant attorneys andclerks ______------12,100 clerks, and commissioners. While there have been agreements in For printing decisions of Supreme Court______2, 000 reference to a number of the paragraphs, it was deemed wise to For messenger to circuit court, Eighth circuit______2, 000 leave all of them out of this report, in order that the paragraphs I submit these aTe the paragraphs now in contention, all of which of the bill might be properly numbered for the second conference. have been added to the bill by amendments either coming from It is well for me to note also in connection with this part of the the Senate committee, or by the Senate itself in the consideration bill that your committee in conference, following the same course of the bill in that body, leaving, therefore, between the two Houses pursued by the House in its deliberations upon the bill, and also $189,590. With reference to the expenditures on the part of the by the Senate when the matter was before that body for considera Senate, I desire to briefly state that I have in this House heard dis tion, called largely to their aid the gentlemen, members of the cussed more than once the rights, privileges, and prerogatives of Committee on the Judiciary, who reported and advocated that the respective bodies. The House has upon many occasions fought bill on the floor of the House. Thus we had the advantage of the persistently and determinedly as to the large increases and the aid of Judge UPDEGRAFF, and the gentleman from Texas, Mr. CuL very large allowances given by the Senate to its subordinate force. BERSON, Senator TELLER representing the Judiciary Committee I have seen this House held hour after hour in dispute upon this of the Senate, Senator HOAR being at that time necessarily absent issue. from our meeting. We concluded, after several hours of discus I have never seen but one result, and that result has been the sion and consideration, to refer the entire question to these four absolute concession on the part of the House to the Senate. gentlemen, to have a conference again with the Attorney-General, Mr. HOPKINS. Will the gentleman allow me a question? going over each one of the paragraphs in detail and examining Mr. BINGHAM. With pleasure. the objections that had been made to them in the discussion of the Mr. HOPKINS. I will ask the gentleman if the Senate does matter in the two Houses, so that when the committee of confer not always concede to the House the right to determine what help ence would meet again we would have submitted to us the best they shall have, and what salaries they shall pay? judgment of the representatives of the Judiciary Committees of Mr. BINGHAM. Certainly. th6House and Senate after a consultation with the Department. Mr. HOPKINS. And they simply exact The Senate added to our bill $247,229.20, of which sum $57,000 Mr. BINGHAM. The same. has been disposed of by the House agreeing to $37,189 and the 1\Ir. HOPKINS. They simply exact that the House shall not Senate yielding 819,450, leaving $189,590 involved in the amend interfere with them in their organization. nrents disagreed to, beside the proposed increase of the salaries of Mr. BINGHAM. Yes. I would state-it is hardly necessary the United States attorneys, amounting to $65,500, and United for me to do it, because my remarks, I think, warrant the conclu States marshals, the increase amounting to $71,500. sion-that they have persistently fought for what they claim to For the information again of the House, I would state that the be their rights. and privileges in the control of their own body. attrition in the conference was largely with reference to the mat But I have felt it but justice to the House to state that in view ter of additional clerks, allowances, and increases of that charac of the large increases at the present time, without attempting now ter for the different Departments of the Government, which were to express an opinion as to whether the respective bodies should passed over after discussion for further consideration. absolutely control their own organization-! have my own view The Senate contention was with reference to the increase of about it, which is that they should-I propose to enter into no de compensation of certain of the clerical force in the Senate, that bate upon the general proposition, but in view of the large increases is, certain clerks of Senate committees, increased from $1,440 to I have deemed it just to those of us who are identified closely with $1,800, making a sum total of $7,560, and-- the people and who are held .almost directly responsible for the Mr. DOCKERY. Will the gentleman from Pennsylvania state expenditures of the Government that we should not be held re also, for the information of the House, that the salaries of the sponsible for a very large sum of money that goes to the conven· annual clerks for Senators have been increased by the Senate? iences of the other body. 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3961 In that connection permit me to state that the bill as agreed on addition to what the gentleman has so well said, in order that the appropriates $338,162.50 for compensation of 295 officers and em House may be fully advised. ployees of the House, exclusive of reporters of debates and com Mr. BAKER of New Hampshire. I would.like to ask the gen~ mittees, and reimbursements to members for. clerk hire, a-ctual tleman a question, if he will yield. expenditures not exceeding $100 per month during the session, Mr. DOCKERY. Certainly. which is an average of about four officers and employees with Mr. BAKER of New Hampshire. I would like the gentleman average pay of $1,115 each to every five members of the House; to state what objection there is to the allowance of the amendment average cost per member of the House for compensation of offi of the Senate numbered 142, providing for advance copies of the cers and employees, $939. That is our domestic exhibit. decisions of the Supreme Court for the judges-of the district and The bill as it passed the Senate and as insisted on by the con circuit courts of the United States. It seems to me entirely obvi ferees appropriates $403,52~90 for compensation of 273 officers ous that those judges should be furnished with the decisions of and employees of the Senate, exclusive of reporters of debates and the highest tribunal of the country before they are issued in the committees, and clerks of Senators, $1,200 each, now increased to bound volume. I do not think anybody in the House would $1,500 each, which is an average of more than three officers and object to that if it was fully understood, and I simply wish to employees with average pay of 81,478 each to each Senator, while make this a matter of inquiry. the House has four employees with an average pay of $1,115 each Mr. DOCKERY. That is one of the items in disagreement. to every five members of the House. The conferees desired some further information in respect to it. Now, I do not propose to make any contention, so far as I am con I do not think the fact that it is reported at this time as one of the cerned, in this matter and in this statement to the House. The disagreements necessarily means that it may not ultimately be contest we make shall be made in committee; but I submit that agreed to. it is but justice to the House that there should be made notorious -Mr. BINGHAM. IwillstatetothegentlemanfromNewHamp upon the records of our Congress, in the deliberations on this bill, shire, for his information, that the court now furnishes about 31 the fact that so far as the House administers its own affairs copies to the circuit courts, but it is not sufficient, and they have economy and care are exercised. asked for this additional number. They have been paid for out Whether there is extravagance at the other end of the Capitol I of the surplus fees o£ the court. One of the contentions of the will not state nor assert. Certainly the same economy does not committee is that thiS should go on the sundry civil appropriation exist there which I think exists in this body. bill and should not stand upon this legislative bill, and it is a. With that statement, believing that the Senators will force a matter also on which they desire further information. fight unremittingly for what they claim to be their rights and pre Mr. RICHARDSON. I desire to ask the gentleman from Penn rogatives-as I believe this House would if the balance sheet were sylvania a question. on the other side-having made this statement to the House, I feel, Mr. BAKER of New Hampshire. One moment. I understand as representing the conferees, that I have done full and fair jus the judges of the circuit courts are now getting them, and this is tice to both Chambers. to give it also to the judges of the district courts? Mr. LIVINGSTON. I want to suggest to the gentleman that Mr. BINGHAM. They get 31, I understand. he might bring that comparison into more intelligible shape by Mr. RICHARDSON. If I understood the gentleman from Penn showing what the per capita expense of the members of the House sylvania correctly, the bill as reported now by the conference is, in contrast with the per capita expense of the Senate. committee allows clerks to Senators at a salary of $1,500 a year. Mr. BINGHAM. I have done that, and emphasized it. Mr. DOCKERY. That is the Senate amendment. Mr. LIVINGSTON. The gentleman has done it in a rather Mr. BINGHAM. That is a matter in disagreement. bulky manner. Mr. RICHARDSON. That has not been agreed to? Mr. BURTON of Missouri. The gentleman has stated that there Mr. BINGHAM. Correct. are four House employees to every five members of the House. Mr. RICHARDSON. Are not the Senate conferees insisting Mr. BINGHAM. I have stated it, and I will give it to you upon that amendment? again. The average cost for each member of the House, for com Mr. BINGHAM. Yes; I have so stated. pensation of officers and employees, is $939. For each Senator, Mr. RICHARDSON. What is the status of clerks to members for compensation of officers and employees of the Senate, the cost on this bill? is $4,483. That covers it. Mr. BINGHAM. The clerks to members have no status what Mr. DOCKERY. Nearly five to one. ever. Mr. LIVINGSTON. Nearly five to one. Mr. RICHARDSON. Thereisnoallowanceformembers'clerks Mr. BINGHAM. I now yield to the gentleman from Missouri in the bill? [Mr. DocKERYl, if he desires any time. Mr. BINGHAM. The allowance for members' clerks in this Mr. DOCKERY. Mr. Speaker, the gentleman from Texas [Mr. bill is $100 per month, when the member certifies that he has BAILEY] desired to submit some observations on Senate amend expended that much during the month, during the session of ments numbered 39 and 40, but was compelled to leave the Hall in Congress. order to attend a session of the Committee on Elections of which Mr. RICHARDSON. Now, then, I want to ask the gentleman he is a member; and he requested me to make that statement, and in charge of the Qill if he is going to recommend that the House also to ask leave to print some remarks in the RECORD in respect give its assent to the proposition that Senators shall have $1,500 a to those amendments. I prefer that request in his behalf. year for annual clerks, and confine ourselves to this $100 a month The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. DINGLEY). The gentleman while Congress is in session only, and then when certified only? from Texas [Mr. BAILEY] desires leave to prmt remarks on the Will the conferees recommend us to agree to that? amendments suggested by the gentleman from Missouri. With Mr. BINGHAM. I will state to the gentleman from Tennessee out objection, that leave will be granted. that the paragraph providing for 38 clerks to Senators, which are There was no objection. clerks to Senators not chairmen of committees, is an amendment Mr. DOCKERY. Mr. Speaker, I do not feel that it is necessary added to our bill by the Senate. There is no disagreement be to add a single observation to the very able statement made by tween the two Houses as to the allowance in the bill for clerks to the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. BINGHAM] in charge of members of the House. The Senate has agreed to that paragraph this conference report. He has given in detail and in aggregate of the bill as the House reported it. Therefore, there is no con not only the items upon which the conferees have agreed, but has tention as to that; but there is a contention, until we reach an also as to the items yet in disagreement. agreement in final report, as to what shall be the allowance for It may be well to state, in addition to what he said, that sub annual clerks to Senators not chairmen of committees. There is stantially all the provisions, so far as they relate to the judicial no contention between the two Houses on that point. The para paragraphs of the bill, have been informally agreed upon, except graph covering the allowance for clerks to members has been the mlaries of marshals and attorneys. These are, perhaps, items agreed upon by the two Houses~nd therefore it is not in dispute. that may occasion much difficulty in conference. The paragraph Mr. RICHARDSON. But the question I ask is, whether the in reference to commissioners is also yet in disagreement. I think conferees on the part of the House intend to recommend to the it is well that the House also understand the contention between House to agree to that difference between the compensation of the conferees in reference to the increase of force and salaries Senators' clerks and the compensation of clerks to members? The made by the Senate as to its own employees. The aggregate in Senators can not get $1,500 a year for their clerks unless the House crease, as given by the gentlema-n from Pennsylvania, amounts to agrees to it, I suppose. about $67,000. The House is familiar with this old controversy. Mr. BINGHAM. Certainly it can not be done unless the House We have brought it back to the House in order that you may be agrees; but that is not a subject of contention here. That para advised of the situation before we recede, if such action shall be graph is not even under consideration. found to be wise or necessary hereafter. To speak in detail, it may Mr. RICHARDSON. The fact is that the Senators are claim be well to say that the House should know that the Senate has ing that the salaries of their clerks should be increased from inserted a paragraph providing 38 annual clerks for Senators not $1,200 to $1,500 a year, is it not? chairmen of committees, and has also increased the salaries of Mr. BINGHAM. That is an amendment to the bill, but we are those clerks from $1,200 to $1,500 each. I make this statement, in in the House now upon our conference report. 3962 c ·oNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 14, Mr. RICHARDSON. The House conferees are disagreeing to really in the mind."! of members that this compensation should be that amendment on the part of the Senate? allowed for clerks to members during vacation, it can be arrived Mr. BINGHAM. We are disagreeing to that-just what the at by the introduction of a resolution covering that authority, its gentleman desires, as I understand. reference to the Committee on Accounts, and the reporting back Mr. RICHARDSON. My question is, whether the conferees in of that resolution by the Committee on Accounts as a matter of tend to recommend to the House to yield that point and agree to privilege for the consideration of the House. the amendment? Now, either of those ways is legal, and either is manly and in Mr. BINGHAM. That I do not know. order. I ~ay again that if gentlemen want this allowance in vaca Mr. HARTMAN. Mr. Speaker, I want to say that when the tion and are willing to stand up and be counted and go upon the opportune time arrives I shall move. to instruct the House con roll, and a majority of the members of the House vote for it, it can ferees to recede from their disagreement, with an amendment be done without any trouble in either of the ways I have named. providing for annual clerks for Members of this House and for Mr. BINGHAM. And without any violation of the rules of the Delegates. !Applause.] Honse. Mr. LACEY. I ask the gentleman from Pennsylvania to yield Mr. CANNON. Without any violation of the rules of the to me for a moment. House. Mr. BINGH.AJ\.L With pleasure. A MEMBER. And without any violation of propriety. Mr. LACEY. Mr. Speaker, in regard to the item numbered 142, Mr. CANNON. Yes; without any violation of propriety. As I am not sm·e that I understand what it involve.s. I understand the gentleman from Pennsylvania states (and I am in full sym the gentleman to say that it is a provision to furnish advance pathy with him), if this is to be done at all it will be done in one sheets of the various law reports of the United States courts. I of those two ways. wish to say that the necessity for advance reports no longer exists. Now, I would not be entitled to any allowance for clerk hire There is no judge who does not avail himself of the present oppor under such a provision, because I happen to be the chairman of a tunities fOl' obtaining the published reports of Federal court pro committee. Yet I did vote in the last Congress for a law to au ceedings through the various weekly publications, which are long thmize it, and I went upon the record to that effect. ahead of any of the regular official reports, so that there will be I think the statement that the expenditures for a member of no necessity for furnishing advance sheets from the regular reports. the House are less than a thousand dollars while those for a Sen Mr. BINGHAM. That is a matter for consideration by the ator are pretty well up toward $5,000 tells one of two things: committee. Now, there is a further question a.s to that para Either the expenditures for the Senate are extraordinary and ex graph-not about the substance of the paragraph, but about its travagant or the expenditures for the House are too little. Per relation to legislation-as to whether the paragraph should be on haps there is some truth in both branches of the statement. I this bill or on the sundrycivil bill. think our expenditures might well be enlarged along the line in :Mr. HOPKINS. If you are going to give these advance sheets dicated for the pay of these clerks in vacation, and .I am of opinion to the circuit judges you certainly ought to give them to the dis that the expenses of the Senate might well be reduced. trict judges also. I h.ave thought it proper that I should. say this much, dealing M.r. LACEY. There is no necessity for giving them to either. with the House in perfect frankness touching the matter before it. Mr. HOPKINS. But you do now allow them to the circuit :Mr. FAIRCHILD. Can the gentleman state any way in which judges, and you ought either to.take them away from the circuit any separate resolution or bill for this purpose can be brought be judges or else extend the allowance to the district judges. fore this Hou.se without unanimous consent or th1·ough the Com Mr. BINGHAM. I thank the gentleman for the information he mittee on Rules before the adjournment of the present session? has given me. He understands that that matteris in controversy. Mr. CANNON. Certainly. I have ab:eady answered that ques· Mr. Speaker, I yield now to the gentleman from Dlinois [1\Ir. tion. The Committee on Rules is the creation_of the House, from CANNON] such time as he may desire. its chairman to all its members. I have found in this Congress Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, if I can h.ave the attention of the and in former Congresses that the Committee on Rules was al House until I tell what I am going to talk about, I have no fear ways ready, like other committees, to meet a decided wish of the but that I shall have it afterwards. majority of the House. I have no doubt that it is so now. A l\1EMBER. Clerks? Mr. DOCKERY. Does the gentleman suggest a petition to the Mr. CANNON. Yes; clerks. I want to talk for a few minutes Committee on Rules. about that which is in the minds of most of the members of the Mr. CANNON. Oh, no; not at all. The gentleman under House, touching the transaction of their business and the proper stands that whenever there is a well-settled desire on the part of aids thereto, especially in relation to clerks to members. The gen the House to consider anything the Committee on Rules, as I un tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. BINGHAM] has just said that there derstand-! have not the honor to be a member of it-is now, as is nothing in conference between the House and the Senate touch it has been at all times heretofore, ready to respond, because the ing clerk.s to Representatives. There is in conference between the House is greater than any of its committees. House and the Senate the bare question as to whether the clerks I will tell the gentleman-indeed, I did tell him a moment ago to Senators who are not chairmen of committees shall have an another method of proceeding. Independent of any special order, increase of compensation from $1,200 per annum to $1,500 per it is quite in order, as I understand, for any member to introduce annum. The gentleman from Montana [~ HARTMAN] gives in thjs House a resolution authorizing the payment of this allow notice that at the proper time he will move that the House recede ance during vacation from the contingent fund of the House; it from its disagreement to that provision for Senate clerks, with an is entirely in order to refer such a resolution to the Qommittee amendment providing for clerk.s for members. The gentleman on Accounts, which is a privileged committee; and it is quite in from Pennsylvania has we11 said that that is not germane, and no order and perfectly practicable to get that resolution before the doubt, if necessary, he will say later on that it is subject to a House for consideration. If such a resolution were adopted such point of order, as there is no existing law authorizing it. I call payments would undoubtedly be made. attention to this now for the purpose of making a suggestion to Mr. LIVINGSTON. Will thegentlemanguaranteeafavorable the House. If it be really the opinion of the House that clerks to report from that committee? members should receive pay during vacation as they now receive M.r. CANNON. I do not care whether the report is favorable it during the session, there are two ways to get at it and to get at or unfavorable. The committee will no doubt report; and then it under the rules, and only two ways. it is in the power of the House to do whatever a majority pleases I am in full sympathy with the practical notice which is given with the resolution. I perhaps might put the matter another way, by the gentleman from Pennsylvania in charge of this bill, that and I do not put it offensively-whateve1· a majority believes is this thing can not be done out of order upon a general appropria right and has the courage to do may be done. [Applause.] tion bill. But it can be done, it is entirely practicable, and it will Mr. FAIRCHILD. I think that both the answers of the gentle be done, if the House by a majority desires it should be done, by man have enforced the point I desired to make. Now, I wish .to independent legislation, the passing through this body of a bill ask him another question. giving the allowance to clerks for members during the vacation. Mr. CANNON. Certainly. , I have no doubt that the Senate would make haste to pass such a Mr. FAffiCHILD. If the House conferees should request the bill if we should send it to them, and then we would do by right Senate conferees to agree to add to this bill an amount for annual what otherwise would have to be done without law and in an clerks of members of the House, does not the gentleman from llli irregular manner. nois believe the Senate conferees would. assent ta the proposition? That is one way to do it. There is another way to do it without 1\Ir. CANNON. The matter is not in conference. It is impos such independent legislation. For several years the Senate paid sible under the rules of the House to get upon this legislative bill the clerks to Senators from the contingent fund by a resolution of in conference any provision that will make it in order to consider the Senate. Gentlemen all understand what the contingent fund_s this question of allowances for annual clerks to members. of the Senate and the House are. You can appropriate whatever ·Mr. BLUE. May I ask the gentleman from illinois a question? amount is necessary for the business of the House or of the Senate M.r. CANNON. Certainly. for the contingent fund, and moneys are paid from the contingent Mr. BLUE. If the House should see fit by resolution to au ftmd of either body by resolution of that body. So that if it be thorize members to employ clerk.s for the rest of the year, wo~ld 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3963 it not be in orde1· to add to the general deficiency bill an amount The Speaker appointed Mr. BINGHAM, Mr. McCALL of Tennes sufficient to cover the expenditure? see, and Mr. DocKERY as conferees .on the part of the House. Mr. CANNON. Quite in order. FORTIFICATIO~ BILL. Mr. BLUE. And that bill has not yet come in. Mr. HAThTER of Nebraska. Mr. Speaker, I move that the Mr. CANNON. The House can pass an appropriation for its House resolve itself into Committee of the Whole House on the contingent fund of one dollar or any number of dollars. state of the Union for the consideration of general appropriation Mr. CULBERSON rose. bills. Mr. BINGHAM. Does the gentleman from Texas [Mr. CUrr The motion was agreed to. BERSONl desire to be recognized? The House areordingly resolved itself into Committee of the The S"PEA.KER. Does the gentleman from Pennsylvania yield Whole, Mr. HOPKll s in the chair. to the gentleman from Texas? The CHAIRMAN. The House is now in Committee of the Mr. BINGHAM. With pleasure. Whole under the order of the House for the consideration of gen M.r. CULBERSON. I understand that one point of difference eral appropriation bills, and the Clerk will report the title of the between the House and the Senate is the pay of clerks to Senators. first bill. Is that so? The Clerk read as follows: Mr. BINGHAM. That is correct. A bill (H. R. 8109) making appropriations for fortifieations and other works Mr. CULBERSON. Then the committee will have to recom of defense, for the armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance mend either that the Senate recede from its amendment or that for trial and service, and for other purposes. the House recede from its disagreement and concur in that amend Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous ment. Now, I want to know if it is not entirely competent for consent to dispense with the first reading of the bill. the House conferees to recede from the disagreement to the Senate There was no objection. amendment with an amendment of the character suggested? Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. Mr. Chairman, in presenting to Mr. BINGHAM. Uf what chara~ter? the consideration of the committee the cun·ent appropriation bill Mr. CULBERSON. Providing for clerks to the members of for fortifications a brief time spent in retrospect may, I think, be the House at $100 per month. not without advantaocre. :Mr. BINGHA1ri. On an amendment pertaining to the em It is well known to the older members, as well as to those who ployees of the Senate, not the House? It would not be in order. have given this subject consideration, that at the beginning of Mr. DOCKERY. In other words, such an amendment would the late civil war our seacoast was in the then development of the not be germane. science of warfare well defended. In other words, and generally Mr. BINGHAM. Not at all. They a1·e entirely different parts speaking, our principal ports had such works of defense as would of the bill. enable them to successfully resist the encroachments of any navy Mr. CULBERSON. Why would it not be in order? of any nation in the world which might be sent against us. Mr. BINGHAM. Because it is a change of existing law, and Commencing, however, with that period, a period remarkable we are acting under the rules of the House. for invention and improvement in every direction, we find a cor Mr. CULBERSON. But who is to object to it if it is put on responding improvement inarmament, in ships, in armor plating, in the Senate? in guns; in short, in every matter connected with offensive or Mr. BINGHAM. 1\_t:r. Speaker, I move the previous question defensive warfare. on the adoption of the report. I know of no better way in which to illustrate and bring home The previous question was ordered, under the operation of to the members of the committee the fact to which I have alluded which the report of the committee of conference was adopted. than to say that the weight of the projectiles used in modern war Mr. BINGHAM. Now, Mr. Speaker, I move that the House fai·e exceed by twentyfold the weight of the projectiles used prior further insist on its disagreement to the Senate amendments, and to 18GO. The energy with which the shots of to-day are delivered agree to the conference asked for by the Senate. exceeds even by thirtyfold the energy of the shots which were fired Mr. HARTMAN. Mr. Speaker, I desire to move that the House prior to that time. 'Ne have entered upon an era of armored ves recede from amendment numbered 19, relative to the annual clerks sels, of rapid-firing guns, of heavy guns which possess immense, for Senators, with an amendment which I send to the desk. energy or smashing power. It therefore follows that the arma The SPEAKER. TheClerkwillread theproposed amendment. ment which was entirely sufficient prior to 1860 is practically The Clerk read as follows: useless to-day. That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment numbered The Army and Navy, the civilians of our country, those who 19 of the Senate, relating to~ annual clerks to the Senators, and agree to the are mostly interested in the defense of our country, were not slow same with an amendment as follows: "And for 360 annual clerks to Members in marking this wonderful advance, and we find at an early date and Delegates of the House, at $100 per month, $4-~,000." the attention of the ..~my and Navy and of our most thoughtful Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I must make the point of order civilians was directed to the necessity of a better defense of our that the amendment is not germane, and the further point, if nec seacoasts~ essary, that it is contrary to existing law. Time passed, and while we had much of agitation and much of The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Montana desire to talk, practically nothing was done until 1885, when the pressure be heard upon the question of order? upon Congress was so great that an act of Congress was passed 1\Ir. HARTMAN. Not on the point of order, but I would like authorizing the President of the United States t<> form what was to appeal to my friend from Pennsylvania, who I understand is known as the Endicott Board, consisting of two officers of the in harmony with the legislation asked for here, -with the idea of Army, two of the engineering force, two of the Navy, and two aiding the Representatives and Delegates on the floor in the speedy eminent civilians, presided over by the Secretary of War, who and proper discharge of their duties, to withdraw the point of were charged with the important duty of investigating this en order. tire subject and presenting a comprehensive scheme of defense Mr. BINGHAM. That I could not do. I am in charge of the for the country. That board, after nine months of the study, conference report, and therefore have no individuality in the mat made an elaborate report, which is now before me, known as the ter. I must act for the whole body. Report of the Endicott Board, a report which has remained the Mr. HARTMAN. I know; but is it not proper to insert what is foundation of all that has been since done. sought to be inserted here in this appropriation bill? Although there have been some modifications of this report, Mr. BINGHAM. I think it has been clearly stated by the gen caused bychangedconditionsandsomefurtherinvestigations, that tleman from illinois fMr. CANNON] that there is another and a 1·eport remains to-day as the foundation not only of all which proper way to reach tne conclusion the gentleman seeks, if it is was then deemed proper and wise to do, but what is so deemed the wish of the House. It is contrary to the rule now, and sub to-day. - ject to the point of order, and under the circumstances it becomes That report pointed out the immense need of fortifications, my duty to make the point of orde1· and insist upon it. that need which must be apparent to every thinking person in Mr. HARTMAN. Mr. Speaker, I do not desire to be heard on the United States. They pointed out the fact that we bad 4,000 the point of order if the gentleman from Pennsylvania feels com miles of seacoast, which was then and now is practically un pelled to insist upon it. defended. We recognize the fact, when we come to think of it, 1\Ir. BINGHAM. I am compelled to insist. that there are at these great seaports, the harbors of our country, The SPEAKER. In accordance with the rules of the House, to which access has been made easy by nature and the ways to the Chair must hold that the point of order is well taken. which we have deepened to receive the largest shlps that float, The question is on the motion of the gentleman from Pennsyl at least $10,000,000,000 worth of property which may be destroyed vania that the House insist upon its disagreement to the other by the navy of a warring power. We recognize the fact that amendments of the Senate~ and agree to the conference asked by within those cities there are $100,000,000 worth of public buildings the Senate thereon. alone, which might .be so destroyed. And yet 1 per cent of the The motion was agreed to. · total destructible property in those cities is sufficient to constitute On motion of Mr. BINGHAM, a motion to reconsider the last what would be to-day a perfect and impregnable defense for that vote was laid on the table. immense property and our country. · 3964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 14, It seems to me, it has seemed to your committee, it has seemed have appropriated a still smaller amount for emplacements in to every thoughtful person w.ho has investigated this matter, that which these guns must be fixed in order to be effective. For gen 1these stupendous figures call upon the people of the United States, tlemen will bear in mind that a gun must be mounted on a car through their Congress, to take some efficient steps looking to a riage and it must be emplaced before it can be rendered effective .proper defense of our country. In these cities which thus invite if it is to deliver shots against the enemy. Guns without carriages attack we spend annually for police and fire protection an amount and carriages without emplacement are of absolutely no force or sufficient to thoroughly defend them. One per cent of $10,000,- effect as an agency for defense or offense. 000,000 of destructible property would place this country in a con This appropriation is made doubly important by the further dition where it could successfully meet at the boundary any force consideration that a gun on land is vastly more effective than a which might be brought against it. gun on a ship. Let me call the attention of the members of the With thisconcededconditionof the country, the question arises, committee who do me the honor to listen to the fact that the testi What has been done? mony before our committee showed that a gun on board a vessel The Endicott Board, in its consolidated estimate which I find has an effectiveness of only one-fifth to one-third of the effective on page 2·8 of its report, provided for the defense of 27 of these ness of a gun on land. The testimony also shows that the cost of principal ports. Their estimate of the required expendituTe was, a gun on shipboard is from three to five times as great as the cost in round numbers, in the aggregate, $126,000,000, of which $9,700,- of a gun on land. In other words, that a dollar expended on land 000 was for torpedo boats, $4,300,000 for submarine mines and their defense is from nine to twenty-five times as effective, in the first adjuncts, $18,875,000 for floating batteries, and the remainder, instance, as on boa.rd a vessel, while the cost of maintenance of a about $97,000,000, for ordnance and engineering work. naval defense is infinitely greater than that of a land defense. Now, turning to page 24 of the same report, I find the defense Place a fortification once in good condition and there it remains which is recommended contemplates the el1'iployment of 44 16-inch for your posterity and mine; but place it on a vessel, complicated guns, 6 14-inch guns, 20312-inch guns, 22210-inch guns, 102 8-inch as it is, while that vessel to-day may be a splendid instrument of guns, 4 6-inch guns, and 724 mortars, being 700 of 12-inch and 24 offensive and defensive warfare, the next year it has already been of 10-inch caliber, respectively. relegated to the past, either because of improvements constantly That, in brief, is the scheme which was then outlined. Gentle being made or by the destructive agencies which necessarily work men will observe that in this plan the expenditure contemplated upon it. was about $29,000,000 for floating defense and $97,000,000 for land Such being the case, it behooves us to place in proper conilition defense. . our land defense; and to that end your committee has devoted What h8>s been done since? We have expended and authorized itself. We brought before us the experts, those who are quali for our floating defense, from that time up to the present, $110,- fied to speak on the matter, and. we went about it in a business 000,000; and during this session of Congress the House has passed like way, and I believe in a patriotic way, with a view to present a bill which authorizes the expenditure of $26,000,000 more. In here to the consideration of this House and this committee a bill other words, the provision thus far made for floating defense has making substantial progress in the direction of providing an aggregated over $136,000,000. What has been done in the way of effective defense. I am profoundly impressed with the over land defense? The testimony which I have before me shows in whelming necessity for ushering in a new era of national defense. that time we have expended for engineer work only $4,500,000 and The bill which we present provides in bulk $11,384,000 for this for ordnance work about $7,200,000. In other words, as against defense. Of this amount there is a direct appropriation of $5,842,- the recommendation of $97,000,000, we have expended $11,700,000, 337, while contracts are authorized in the additional amount of while for the naval defense we have expended and authorized up $5,542,276. to the present time about $136,000,000. If we proceed at that rate Up to this time in our appropriation bills which have become if in eight years we have expended only $11,000,000, while a total laws, provision has been made for 129 guns, 61 caniages, and only expenditure of $97,0oo;ooo is required-! ask you when we may 34 emplacements. In other words, we have provided for 68 more expect to have a sufficient and efficient defense in this country? guns than we have carriages, for 95 more guns than we have em Let it be remembered also that when we expend money so par placements, and for 27 more carriages than we have emplace simoniously for this or any great object a very large proportion of ments. Under the provisions of this bill, however, we shall have the amount which we actually expend must necessarily be taken provided for 173 guns, 140 carriages, and 122 emplacements. In up in the work of repairs, maintenance, salaries, and other general other words, at the end of the next fiscal year, if this bill is en fixed charges, and but a small portion of it can be devoted to the com· acted into law, the guns will be only 33 in advance of the carriages pletion of the system of defense which all concede the country de and only 41 in advance of the emplacements, while the carriages mands. A navy, while an effective arm of defense, is not sufficient. will be only 8 in advance of the emplacements. That is to say, It needs the protection of fortifications, under the shelter of which the guns will not be to exceed one year in advance of the other it may make necessary repairs, obtain supplies, and from which it branches of the service. may go forth on its work of offensive warfare. The navy is to sea On this point let me suggest for the consideration of the com coast defense what the cavalry is to the army. It does the skir mittee that perhaps no mistake has been made in the past in per mishing, it canies the flag abroad, and is much in evidence on oc mitting the existence of the discrepancy to which attention has casions of pomp and display; but after all, theinfantryinland and been called by the Secretary of War and to which I have alluded the forts on the coast do the real fighting. All. history and ex thus far in my remarks, for we find that in order to construct perience are to this effect. these large seacoast guns from two to three years are required. I submit in this condition of the country the people may well The forgings for these guns must necessarily be provided in ad look to Congress to borrow of experience and take heed of the vance even of entering upon the construction of the guns proper. lessons of prudence and ordinary foresight. To-day, while the Much time is necessary for the construction of the guns, very country is awake to the importance of this subject, it is our duty much more time than is required for the construction of the car tomake sufficient appropriation and thus meet the demands of the riages or emplacements, and it was therefore, perhaps, the part of country, insuring its safety. wisdom to construct the guns first and to make a considerable· Our danger to-day is not from within. Our people are united. advance in that branch of the service. Peace dwells within our borders. Momentarily we are depressed Another thing to which the attention of the committee is spe and -our industries languish, but in the near future, unless all signs cially challenged is the marked advance which has been made in fail, our wealth will again grow apace. Our people will be fully the work of constructing carriages. Under the provision of the employed and our accumulations will more and more tempt the Endicott Board, and as was contemplated for many years there avarice of the world. after by the Engineering and Ordnance Departments, these heavy What appropriations have been made in the past? guns were manipulated by means of enormous lifts, which were From 1875 to 1886, inclusive, the appropriations averaged only operated by machinery complicated in its structure and neces $540,750 per annum. sarily very costly. In these later years invention has proceeded, In the years 1887 and 1888 no appropriations were made. so that instead of these heavy gun lifts, involving an enormous From 1888 to the present time the appropriations for fortifica outlay of money and labor,'there has been gradually evolved what tions aggregate $22,489,224.50, or an average of $2,811,128.06 per is known a-s the disappearing gun carriage, which enables the gun annum; but even of this only about one-half was appropriated for to be loa.ded under cover, then raised and fired, and returned to the purposes contemplated by the Endicott Board. its position completely hidden. This disappearing carriage is very Not only was the aggregate of appropriations ridiculously small, much cheaper than the old-fashioned gun lift and fully a-s efficient but the Secretary of War called the attention of the country in his (viewed from an engineering standpoint, much safer for the gun last report to the fact that even under the small appropriations ners), and it has been estimated by experts there will be a saving there has been no sort of correspondence between the several by the substitution of the disappearing carriages of fully $19,500,- items of the bill, and the several branches of seacoast defense have 000, while the saving in the casements, in engineering work, will not been symmetrically developed. In oth~r words, that while be about 89,500,000. In other words, it is estimated that there will we have expended a small amount for guns appropriate for de be a saving from the use of the disappearing carriages of about fensewehaveappropriatedamuchsmalleramountproportionately $29,000,000. So that the work which has been proceeding more for carriages upon which these guns must be mounted. We rapidly in the direction of making heavy guns than of making 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3965 carriages has, in the end, inured to the financial advantage of be made for new points not considered by the board. We have the country. We have not had the benefit of protection mean thus far appropriated about $22,000,000, and very nearly one-half while, but we have saved our money, applying it on our debts, of that amount has been for objects not contemplated by the En and thus far have suffered no loss. We have, in other words, been dicott Board. So that thus far we have appropriated only about extremely fortunate. $11,000,000 for the purpose of carrying out the recommendations There has been already evolved, as I have said, a perfectly satis of that board. We now make provision here for the expenditure factory disappearing carriage for the 8-inch and 10-inch guns, and of about $11 ,000,000 more. In other words, this bill_proposes to it is now believed by the Ordnance Department they have also de do substantially as much for coast defense as has been done in all vised a perfectly satisfactory disappearing c-arriage for the 12-inch the years since 1888. guns; so that we can now proceed, and I think properly proceed, to Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Then about $100,000,000 more bring these several branches of our service more nearly into cor will be required. respondence. Proceeding on this theory, we have recommended Several MEMBERS. Oh, no . . a large increase for cauiages and emplacements. We have· al 1\Ir. McCREARY of Kentucky. . I thought the gentleman said lowed for our gun and carriage factories an amount sufficient to that something over $120,000,000 in all would be necessary. enable them to work at full time, and have made corresponding Mr. GROUT. That was the estimate of the Endicott Board. appropriations also for the Engineering Department, so that at the Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. What I wanted was an esti end of the fiscal year for which we are providing we shall have mate or opinion of the committee as to how much would probably the several branches of the service into something like reasonable be required for coast defenses beyond the appropriations contained correspondence, and with the expiration of another year it is in this bill. thought the severai branches will be brought as nearly upon a Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. In my individual judgment-! plane of equal development as the nature of the undertaking would not undertake to bind the committee by any such expres permits. sion of opinion-it will require about S75,000,000 more. In other I have now only to call the attention of the committee to the words, it will require about eight years to complete these defenses. amount which we have provided for contract work. Let me sug On this subject I call the attention of the Committee of the Whole gest further on this point-- to this language, which was used by the direct representative of M:t. McCREARY of Kentucky. If I may interrupt the gentle the Secretary of War in the hearings before the committee: man, I was unable to hear his statement with regard to the whole The completion of the proj~ct depends ultimately upon the maximum rate amount appropriated by this bill. What is the amount? of construction of guns and mortars, that rate being the slowest in the con struction of any of the items entering into the system. The quota of 8, 10, Mr. HAINERofNebraska. Theamountappropriatedinmoney and 12 inch !PlDS can be completed in eight years, with sufficient appropria is $5,842,337, while contracts are provided for in addition amount tions to attam the maximum rate at the Government factory; the quota of ing to $5,543,276, and for which appropriations must hereinafter mortars can be completed in nine years on the same condition, and the car riages can be completed as rapidly as the guns and mortars. But since by be made. The cash appropriation will carry the work to March the end of the eighth year a very large part of the mortars and their car 4, 1897. riages would be finished, eight years may be fixed as the minimum possible Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. That makes about $11,000,000. limit for the completion of the entire work. Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. This bill carries in cash and by The committee have taken this statement as approximat-ely cor contract obligations $11,385,613. rect, and have made appropriations not only covering the estimate Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. The bill gives authoritytothe originally submitted to us, but exceeding that amount by about Secretary of War to make contracts involving, as the gentleman $4,000,000, thus, so far as we could, committing Congress and the says, an expenditure of over $5,000,000. country to a speedy completion of our coast defenses and within Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. Yes, sir. "the minimum possible limit" suggested by the Secretary of War. Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. In what length of time is that In this, Mr. Chairman, we believe we are obeying simply the wise money to be drawn from the Treasury? demands which are made upon us by the people. Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. There is no stated tUne. The gen Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. The gentleman's statement is tleman understands that this is not an annual bill. The amounts very interesting to me; and I hope he will excuse me for another appropriated here are made immediately available and remain question. available until they are expended. There is no limitation placed Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. Certainly. on the Secretary of War save the limitation of his discretion, a Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. What length of time and what discretion upon which we thought we could safely rely. amount of appropriation per annum will be required, in the judg Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. The bill carries an appropria ment otif~entleman, to complete our coast defenses? tion, then, for coast defenses amounting to about $6,000,000, as I Mr. ER of Nebraska. In my judgment we have just understand? about determined the annual limit in this bill. If each succeed Mr. HAINER.of Nebraska. This is practically all for the coast ing Congress makes an equal appropriation and gives equal author defense. ization these coast defenses will be completed in about eight years. Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Then the amount for coast That is about as rapidly as, acco'rding to our present information, defenses would be practically about $11,000,000. Will the gentle they can be completed. man please state where those defenses are to be located-at what Now, gentlemen of the Committee of the Whole will bear in particular cities? mind that the work on the guns, upon which manifestly the entire Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. That is a matter within the dis system of defense must hinge, can not be pushed beyond a certain cretion of the Secretary'of War. The bill does not undertake to limit. The work of producing the forgings out of which the guns make any apportionment between cities or ports. I have called are made consumes necessarily a large amount of time; the assem attention to the fact that by the report of the Endicott Board and bling and finishing of these guns necessarily takes much time. the Puget Sound Board, which was made supplemental thereto, The work of constructing caiTiages can be expedited; while there 28 principal ports have been suggested for the erection of fortifi is practically no limit other than the financial one which can be cations, and the appropriations thus far made have been used for placed upon the work of the engineering department. So there the purpose of making suitable defenses at those points. • fore it behooves us to continue and press forward this work of Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. I suppose the committee, in completing our heavy seacoast guns, keeping that work in advance estimating how much money would be required, took into con of the other branches of the service. This we have undertaken to sideration the points where works of defense would probably be do in the bill which is before us. constructed, and I should like the gentleman to state, if he can, I have already called attention to the fact that we have made where the money will probably be expended. adequate provision for our gun andcarriagefa~tories. There has Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. The gentleman, on reflection, will been no stinting of provision for these important factories, estab certainly see that it would not have been wise for the committee lishments which it seemed to the committee are deserving the to go into that question, nor would it be proper for such a ques highest meed of praise for the excellent work they have thus far tion as that to be discussed here in this body. done. Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Does the gentleman believe Our guns there made are conceded by experts to be as good as that the amount proposed to be appropriated by this bill will be the best. Our carriages are satisfactory to the War Department; sufficient to protect our coast? The quality of what we have is excellent. Our only lack is in Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. Oh, no; certainly not. But if suc quantity. That lack time and money will supply. ceeding Congresses take up the line of work for which we have We have also made a reasonable appropriation in this bill for here appropriated-- field and siege guns, looking, as we thought we had a right to Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Then this is onlyacommence look, to a proper equipment of the land forces of the United ment? States that might be called upon to meet any forces which might Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. It is practically a commencement, land upon our coast. We have also made an appropriation up to but a very good one. I have already called attention to the fact the full estimate for the procurement of sites for fortifications. that the recommendations of the Endicott Board involve an ex The other items of the bill are those which usually abound in penditure of about $126,000,000. This amount will be reduced by bills of this character. Respecting them I need only say we have changes already disclissed, and, on the other hand, additions must in almost every instance given the full amount of the estimate. 3966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- ROUSE. APRIL 14, Mr. STEELE. Will the gentleman from Nebraska state the ::M:r. COOKE of illinois. Isounderstoodthegentleman'sformer character of the engineering work to which be has refeiTed? Does statement. it relate to the emplacement of the guns and carriages, and work Mr. STEELE. That would apply also toNewYork, Boston, or of that character? . San Francisco. Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. The usual character of such work. Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. Certainly. That is a matter left Mr. STEELE. Since the advent of the disappearing gun car- entirely to the discretion of the Secretary of War, and there is riages do they build these on the same plans as formerly? nothing in the bill to direct that this work, at any port, shall or Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. Not necessarily. Of course the shall not be enteTed upon. gentleman will understand that the disappearing gun carriages :Mr-. COOKE of illinois. I so understood the statement. do not Tequire the immense fortification or masonry that was 1\Ir. CANNON. Will the gentleman allow me a question? formerly required. l\1r. HAINER of Nebraska. Certainly. Mr. STEELE. Nor of dirt, either. .Mr. CANNON. If I understand it, in a general way, living as Mr. HAINER ofNebraska. No; buttheydonecessarilyrequire I do in the Mississippi Valley, after something of general inquiry engineering construction of a most important character and in- on the subject., it is supposed that with 3,000 miles of boundary volving much labor and expense. I assume, of course, neither the between our counh·y and Canada on the north, there being some gentleman nor the committee..care to go into a technical discussion 70,000,000 people on our side of the line as compared with their of these emplacements. small population, our ready communications by rail and water- These, Mr. Chairman, are some of the considerations which oc- ways, the fact that the St. Lawrence is the boundary line for cupied and prompted the committee in reporting the bill, and hundreds of miles between New York and Canada, the Walland they believe in its presentation they have risen to the plane to Canal on one hand and Canada on the other, that in the event of a which the people of this country, the thoughtful consideration of war with Great Britain, neither country having a naval force on the people of this country, would have them rise. · Not that they the Great Lakes, it is supposed that the conditions I speak of are agitated by any fear of war, for we do not believe-I think no would enable us to defend the northern border by attacking what member of the committee believes-that the United States Gov- might be the enemy in the event of trouble; and th.at, so far, there ernment is about to be involved in a war. No threat of any em- . has been no estimate or work in pursuance of estimates looking broilment with a foreign power in any manner prompted our toward the fortification of any lake port? committee in recommending the work to be done, or which we Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman is would have the country enter upon at this time. On the con- substantially correct, and yet notentirely so. The Endicott Board trary, we believe that the mission of the United States is to-day, did make estimates referring to these lake ports. Speaking for and that it will be in all the years to come~ one of peace; but we my elf, and having no military expe1·ience, I feel that a certain have not felt it either wise or prudent for this Government to degree of modesty is most becoming, yet it seems that the very longer delay the work of reasonable protection to our expo ed conditions which have been suggested by the gentleman from ports and of organizing an efficient system of coast defense against illinois clearly indicate, at least to the lay mind, that the best such attack as may possibly be made upon it. defense for the lake ports is the wonderful preponderance of The Government of the United States and the people have no power that we have, and since these lake ports could be attacked desire to build up an enormous Navy which shall exceed or equal only by our Canadian neighbors, the best way to protect them that of any other power. A navy is necessarily offensiv-e in its would be to eapture Canada, which probably would be don-e if work and character. Our work and our mission is not of that such a necessity presented itself. It is also true that under our description; and while we have no design on any foreign power, treaty with England only one armed vessel can be floated in the while we are strangers to any thought of .subjugation or increase greatest of these lakes, and that bearing only a .single gun of 8 • of territory by force, while we will cultivate peace with all the pounds caliber. So there is nothing serious to apprehend in that world, common prudence, which should guide every enlightened qua.rter at present. government, requires that we place ourselves in a position at all Mr. COOKE of Illinois. Does the gentleman mean to say that times to be enabled to defend ourselves against aggression. We only vessels of that limited capacity could enter the lakes from believe that peace can be best and most securely maintained by the sea? entering upon the work proposed here and carrying it to a speedy Mr. HAJNER of Nebraska. Oh, no; not at all; because, as I completion. While we do not believe the purpose of the Govern- understand, vessels of 14 feet draft could enter, unle s the Wel ment or our people is to engage in war, we yet believe it is our land Canal is closed; but that is of easy access and could practi duty to be reaay for it. We believe the best way to avoid danger cally be destroyed in twenty-four hours after war was declared. is to be prepared to meet it when it comes. War isnot our mis- Mr. COOKE of illinois. If they could pass the Welland Canal sion. I would not encourage a taste for it. they could float very much larger vessels? Neither would I, as a member of this committee, place the Mr. HATh~R of Nebraska. Yes. Government of the United States in the line of the first g1·eat 1 Mr. COOKE of illinois. And do I understana the gentleman naval powers of the world. We are to-day, at best, only at the to say that they could not pass the Welland Canal? head of the second-class powers respecting our Navy. We can Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. That would be my impression. not hope, without the expenditure of enormous sums of money, Of com·se I am not prepared to discuss these questions from the to place ourselves in the ranks of the first great naval powers of technical standpoint of a tJ.·ained soldier. the world. But we can, by the expenditure of a small amount in Mr. STEELE. Is it not a fact that the Canadian Government the other direction, place ourselves in a condition where we may now has modern fortifications on her frontier at several place ? rest secure against the encroachments of any power. We will :Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. Unquestionably; and the same not then place ourselves in the position of a wealthy but thought- may be said of Halifax, which is a strongly fortified city. Eng less person, inviting attack by going into unfrequented paths land has proceeded upon an entirely different theory than have which are beset by footpads. In this spirit the committee have we hitherto. prepared and presented this bill for the consideration of the House. J.fr. DOOLITTLE. I should like to ask the gentleman if it is Mr. COOKE of illinois. Will the gentleman permit me to ask not within the knowledge of the committee that the British Gov him a question in this connection before he takes his seat? Will ernment is now and has been for several years-past expending thegentlemanfromNebraskapleasestatewha.ttheEndioottBoard many millions of dollars in fortifications at Esquimalt, across reported as to the question of inland ports, such as those on the the Strait of Juan de Fnca from Puget Sotmd, in the State of Great Lakes, with regard to this matter of fortifications and coast Washington, and that no American citizen and no citizen of that defenses? Will the gentleman kindly state, in brief, what the province is permitted to have any knowledge of the e1.-tent of report recommends in that regard, if there is information acces- those fortifications~ or permitted to know anything, except that a sible on that point? vast number of the most modern and powerful guns are being Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. I may say, in response to the gen- placed in position there all the time? tleman from illinois, in a general way that the report classifies as Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. I thank the gentleman for his of importance with reference to a system of coast defenses, first, information; it affords additional argument for the passage of thecityofNewYork; second,thecityofSanFrancisco; third, the such a bill as we have here presented. Mr. Chairman, I now city of Boston, and fourth, the ports on the Great Lakes. That, I yield to the gentleman from Texas [Mr. SAYERS] such time as he conceive, covers the question of the gentleman from Illinois. may desire. Mr. COOKE of illinois. And -the Endicott report. if I under- Mr. SAYERS. Mr. Chairman, I expect to consume but a few stand the gentleman's answer, deals with the subject of the lake minutes of the time of the committee. The bill itself, as stated by po·rts as of importance when we come to consider the matter of en- the gentleman in charge of it [Mr. HAL~R of Nebraska], carries larged coast defenses? an immediate appropriation of $5,842,000, and in addition author- Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. Unquestionably. And at the same izes contracts to the extent of $5,542,276. time I wish to say this: There is absolutely nothing in the bill I heartily concur in the provisions of the bill. I think-and I which will bind the Secretary of War to enter now upon the pro- may say it without egotism, as I had no share in the preparation taction -of these lake points, or of any other points, with reference of the bill, it having been prepared by a subcommittee and sub to the construction of fortifications. mitted to the general committee-that the amount appropriated 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3967 is wisely distributed between the two branches of the military The gentleman :has clearly misunderstood the £tatement of th~ service which have in charge the construction of fortifications gentleman from Nebraska. What the gentleman from Nebraska. along our coast. said was that, according to the report of what is lmown as the As gentlemen well know, the Ordnance Bureau and the Engi Endicott Board, made a good many years ago, and in order to neering Office are the two branches of the military service that are carry out the recommendations of that board, it would be neces charged with this work. Heretofore, with the exception of the sary to expend. in his judgment, about $75,000,000. establishment and maintenance of the gun factory at Watervliet, Mr. TALBERT. That does not apply, then, as I -understand N. Y., there have been but small appropriations, except for the the gentleman, to the present appropriation? purpose of making guns and morta:rs. In the Fiftieth Congress, Mr. SAYERS. I will say, Mr. Chairman, to the gentleman in order to carry out the provisions of the report of the Enilicott from South Carolina that this bill shows upon its face every cent Board, an appropriation was made for the construction of Water that the Government will be required to expend undm- it. vliet Arsenal, N.Y. It was several years before the requisite Mr. TALBERT. That is what I wanted to get at. machinery could be secured in order to put that arsenal npon Mr. SAYERS. It is $5,842,337 in cash and $5,542,276 under a proper footing. That having been done, appropriations have contract. been made, year by year, to keep the arsenal running eight hours .M:r:. TALBERT. I unde1·stand now. a day during the .entire year, and for the purchase of steel ingots Mr. SAYERS (continuing). Making the total amount that can from the manufacturing industries of the country, so fuatwenow possibly be expended under this bill $11,384,613. have quite a number of guns of 8, 10, and 12 inch caliber. 1\fr. TALBERT. That is the utmost limit. That is the-noint. The bill carries larger appropriations than have heretofore been Mr. -sAYERS. And I will state to my frien_d tb1rt it will take made, for the purpose of putting these guns in place .at different at least two, and probably three, years to expend the $5j542,276 localities on our coast. authorized to be contraotedfor. Now, there is nothing whatever The Appropriation Committee has taken one step, and only one deceptive in this bill. Any gentleman can read it and can easily step, that has not been previously taken by Congress, and that is tmderstand just what it carries. Each amount is stated upon ±ts to provide for the construction of a 16-inch gun. Heret<>fore face, and each amount can not be exceeded by the War D~a:rt Cong1·ess has refused to authorize the construction of so large a ment. gun; but the £ubcommittee on Appropriations, and the ,general And I will say further, in .answe1· to my friend in front of me, committee to whom the bill was committed, have thoughtitwise that I do not believe that it would be wise for Co11.oo-ress to specify that authority should be given to construct such a gun to be put the places that should be fortified and what character of fortifica to the extreme test, when it shall have been built, so as to ascer tions are to be erected, for the reason that the respon-sibility ougb t tain by actual experiment whether it would be wise to continue to rest solely upon the War Department. That branch of th.e the construction of so heavy a gun in the future. executive department of the Government is charged with the I will say in conclusion, because the gentleman in charge of the defense of the country; and u_pon it ought to devolve tbe .entire bill has very -clearly and fully explained all of its _provisions, that responsibility. The only duty that belongs to Congress is that of the bill meets my entire concurrence. I think it is a good bill. providing the _proper appropriations to enable the Seoretar_y of It is not an extravagant one. I believe the-contract featuresto be War to carry out his plans for an _approp~iate deferu;e. proper, and think the bill ought to be passed in its present shape. Mr. -Chai:r:man, I have said all that I desire, and yield back my It is not an extravagant one, as I have already said, in any sense time to the gentleman from Nebraska. of the word, and the entire a-ppropriation which has been made Mr. BARTLETT of New York. Mr. Chairman and gentlem.en and the contracts which it authorizes have been divided between of the committee, as one of the Democratic members of the the two different branches of the military service, the ordnance Committee on Appropriations and one of the two Democratic and the engineer offices, in a thoroughly practical manner. members on the subcommittee which had charge of -this bill mak Mr. COOKE of Illinois. I would like to ask the gentleman if ing appropriations for fortifications and the armament thereof, he considers the amount of the appropriation is as large as could and as the only Northern member of-that subcommittee, I feel it be expended advantageously for this purpose? Does he not go my duty to submit some remarks to the committee before this further? bill is passed. The views which I shall utter will represent, I Mr. SAYERS. I think the appropriation carried in the bill is presume, the views of Northern Democrats, and, I trust, the as large as it ought to be, and I trust it will not be enlarged in the views of the Democracy of the whole country as to the propriety House or in the Senate, but that it will go to the Executive just of suitable appropriations for our coast defenses, for our coast as it is before us. It is all that the Department asks; and, as fortifications, and for the armament of those fortifications. stated by the gentleman in charge of the bill, Watervliet Arsenal, Let me first, gentlemen of the committee, call your attention whichistheArmy Gun Factory, ispTovidedforthrough the entire to the present condition of this country in respect to defense. A-s year at the rate of eight hours' labor each day; so that there will to that condition there is no secret. There is no -foreign govern not be a moment's cessation in work on account of the want of ment, there is no European power, which does not have accurat-e necessary funds. And then authority is given to purchase mor and definite information as to our strength and fighting capacity, tars and to contract for carriages. In my judgment the bill is both offensive and defensive, to a man and to a gun. So if I m·aw sufficiently large to meet the necessities of the service. attention to our defenseless condition, to the helpless condition of Ml·.HILL. Doesthegentlemanknowwhether thereis any _pro our harbors and our seaports, I betray no secret. It is well known vision in this bill for the location of a site for one of these fortifi to all of you and to every intelligent man in the United States-that cations on Long Island Sound? we are powerless to-day to resist the inroads or incursions of any Mr. SAYERS. There is a general appropriation of $250,000for foreign fleet. One of the most distinguished of our naval officers, the purpose of permitting the Secretary of War to acquire such one than whom there is no man in the service of higher ability or sites as to him may seem best. finer character, Admi:r:al Walker, testified not long since before a Mr. HILL. You do not know whether any portion of that is to committee that within ten days, in the event of a war with any go to acquiring a site on Long Island Sound? great European power, most of our seacoast cities could be ruined. Mr. SAYERS. We did not undertake to locate the places where The gentleman from Nebraska rMr. lliiNER] Baid, if I mistake the fortifications are to be erected. If we had done so, it would not, that we weTe a second or thira rate naval power. If we take simply have advertised the fact to parties who own the sites, and the schedule of ru·mored vessels we are at best only the fifth power, thus enabled them to extort from the Government. and if we take the aggregate of all the vessels in the Navy we Mr. HILL. Mr. Chairman, the reason why I asked the gentle should be _placed seventh in rank. It is well known that Great man this question is because in the Endicott plans there is a recom Britain is fil'St, that France is second, and that Russia is third; mendation for a fortification at the eastern end of Long Island and if we take the armoTed vessels as the test, Germany would be Sound. placed before the United States of America, whereas if we take Mr. SAYERS. There is no provision at all made for that place the vessels armored and unarmored, all the vessels on the list, we in this bill. That is a matter which is and should be intrusted shall be obliged to concede to the Netherlands and to Italy a po entirely to the Secretary of War. sition superior to our own. So, Mr. Chairman, the most that we Mr. TALBERT. I desire to ask the gentleman a. question for can claim is that to-day we are a fifth-rate naval power. I read information, if he will yield to me. the other day a very able speech by the Senator from V etmont, Mr. SAYERS. Certainly. Mr. PROCTOR, on coast defenses, delivered I believe on the 27th Ml·. TALBERT. In the consideration of the river and harbor day of Februa:ry in the Senate of the United Stat.es. In that appropriation bill it was stated that it carried on its face about speech Senator PROCTOR deprecated any further substantial ad $9,000,000, and yet the expenditure which would be authorized vance in our Navy. He maintained that the only proper thing under it would amount to 860,000,000. was to have a satisfactory systen1: of coa-st defenses with adequate Mr. SAYERS. That is not the case as to this bill. appropriations for fortifications and for the strengthening and 1\ir. TALBERT. The gentleman from Nebraska, in answering defense of our seaports. a question of the gentleman from Kentucky, stated that to carry Now, sir, I do not agree with the Senator from Vermont. I out the provisions of this bill it would require 675,000,000. think that the Navy and our system of coast defenses should go Mr. SAYERS. Oh, not at all. The gentleman is mistaken. hand in hand, and th.at, year after year for some years to come, 3968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 14, we should make provision for the building of at least four new ~eacoast cities coming within the purview of the general plan-it battle ships, and this year I should have been willing to have 1s no secret that the plan must include all the principal seaports voted for the construction of six new battle ships. It is hardly along the Atlantic Seaboard, commencing with the Penobscot and necessary, I presume, to call t.he attention of members of this Kennebec rivers, taking in Portland, Me.; coming along to Ports committee to the great numerical, overpowering strength of the mouth, N.H.; thence taking in Boston and New Bedford, Nana Britishnavyascompared with our own; tothefactthatGreat Brit gansett Bay and the east entrance of Long Island Sound, and in ain has to-day 50 battle ships against our 3, and will have in a few cluding New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington; months 60 in commission as opposed to the 8 which we may have passing on to the South and taking in all the important seaports in commission two years hence. The same discrepancy is found on the South Atlantic coast-that is, Hampton Roads, Wilming throughout the whole list of vessels, cruisers, coast-defense ves ton, N.C., Charleston, and Savannah; thence on to the Gulf Coast, sels, torpedo boats, and all the vessels of the two navies, armored taking in Key West, Pensacola, Mobile, New Orleans, and Galves and unarmored. Then, sir, reflect for a moment upon the fact ton. I shall not attempt, Mr. Chairman, to enumerate each of the that Great Britain has a navy of nearly 89,000 men, while our seaport cities or harbors that should be defended. But on the total force is only 13,460, including the marines. . Pacific Coast we have San Diego, we have San Francisco, we have So, gentlemen, we must-assume that it never will be in our Portland, Oreg., and also Puget Sound. So there would seem to power until we have a surplus revenue greater than any for which be an intent on the part of the General Government, on the part we may soon hope to maintain a navy which can compete with of the War Department, to make in every instance a fair and just the navy of Great Britain, or with the navy of France, or· with appropriation of the money which is given to the Department or the navy of Russia. But what can we do, gentlemen? What is to the Board of Ordnance and Fortification for distribution. the imperative and the essential duty that is now incumbent upon Now, gentlemen, the plan which we have adopted has the sup us? It is to defend our helpless coast. It is to defend our great port of the Chief of Ordnance, General Flagler; it has the support seaports. It is to begin a systematic, continuous provision or of the Chief of Engineers, General Craighill; it has the support plan for the construction of adequate coast defenses along our and approval of the Board of Ordnance and Fortifications-that whole coast line. Gentlemen must remember that, in rough fig continuous .Board which is presided over by the Major-General in ures, the Atlantic seaboard runs along for some 2,043 miles;. that Command of the Army, General Miles, and which has one civilian in the Gulf of Mexico our coast line is 1,810 miles; that on the in its membership, General Outhwaite, our colleague in the Fifty Pacific Slope our coast line is 1,850 miles; and, of course, these fig third Congress, and which also has as members Col. Royal T. ures do not include the indentations along the coast. Frank, of the artillery; Col. Peter C. Hains, of the Engineers, and Now, we do. not, of course, propose .to construct fortifications two ordnance officers, I believe, Major Phillips and Captain Ayers. along the whole coast line of the Atlantic seaboard, the Gulf, and This Board, composed of efficient officers, supports the project the Pacific, but we do propose to fortify our principlJ.l seaports now submitted by the Committee on Appropriations. and the mouths of our great harbors and rivers. Let us say first, In answer to the suggestion made to me sotto voce by the gentle however, that in submitting these views I do not assume for one man from South Carolina [Mr. TALBERT],! wish to say that the moment that myconceptionof the plan to be adopted is to be con bill now before the Committee of the Whole has the unanimous sidered as binding upon my associates. I do not know that my support and approval of all the members of the Committee on conception is the same as that which is entertained by the gentle Appropriations, Republicans and Democrats alike. man from Nebraska, who has submitted this bill. I do not know I believe that the original plan of the Endicott Board contem but that my views differ somewhat in substance or in detail from plated an expenditure of $97,000,000. It ha.'3 been asked by certain the views entertained by the gentleman who has just addressed gentlemen, Mr. Chairman, how much money we propose to expend. the committee. But I will tell you what I think should be done; The distinguished gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. McCREARY], and I will give you my idea as to the vote which I cast when I of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, evinced a fewmoments ago vote for theae appropriations. his interest in this question. He desired to know how much money To-day, as I have indicated, we are absolutely at the mercy of it was proposed to expend. Now, my idea of the general plan is a fleet of any foreign power, unless that foreign power be weaker that we must expend in all either $85,000,000 or $97,000,000. The in its naval armament than we are to-day. We should be power money will be distributed, in round numbers, as follows: For the less as against the fleets of Great Britain, France, Russia, or even guns and gun carriages we shall have to spend in all about Germany. The experts tell us that any foreign fleet, any foreign $44,600,000. And, Mr. Chairman, as to the guns, let me call the squadron of ordinary power, could do one of three things: It could attention of the committee to the general plan contemplated. It is .. either occupy an American harbor, for instance the harbor of one settled that the guns are to be 8-inch guns, 10-inch guns, and 12- of our great seacoast cities, or it could shell the city, or it could, inch guns, made of steel, and of course the carriages will be of a. by its presence within the harbor lines, extort contribution and character to correspond with the size of the guns. We are then to ransom equal in value to all the property lying exposed to the have 12-inch mortars, a small number of 10-inch mortars in addi shells of the foreign vessels. Do you gentlemen, inespective of tion to these, and we are to have 360 rapid-fire guns for flank fire party-do yon as patriots-hesitate for one moment as to your or defense. In addition to these items, $115,000 is appropriated for duty not only to your constituents but to the whole tAmerican the purpose of procuring steel forgings in order to construct a people? Will there be any man on either side of this House who 16-inch gun. The Board of Ordnance and Fortifications report as will venture for one moment to oppose the passage of this bill? to the 16-inch gun that it will be an absolute necessity, that we I say that if we could use more money within the fiscal year must have guns of that caliber in the future; and I call your atten if we could provide wisely for larger appropriations-! for one tion to the fact, in this connection, that Great Britain has already should gladly vote for larger sums. We have, according to my sixteen 16-inch or larger caliber guns, France has eight of 16t -inch conception of our report, declared ourselves substantially in favor caliber! and that Italy has guns of from 17 to 17! inch caliber. of a simpler Endicott plan-that is, a plan similar in its scope to Under the general plan it is proposed to construct, build, or the plan adopted by the Endicott Board of 1886, but simpler and purchase 203 12-inch guns, 180 10-inch guns, and 98 8-inch ·guns. somewhat modified in details, because it has been found that Some of these guns have been already constructed, but the work, owing to improvements and new inventions, certain guns can be as yet, may be said to be scarcely more than just commenced, and made at a less cost. It has also been found that the old gun lift it is very incomplete. We have some 86 mortars already built, must be superseded for the new disappearing gun carriage. I with their carriages; that is, of the 12-inch size and type, the most speak now as to the gun carriage for 12-inch steel guns; for we favored size being the 12-inch mortars. In all, provision is made already have disappearing gun carriages for the 8-inch guns and for the construction of 1,032 12-inch mortars and 24 10-inch mor for the 10-inch guns. · tars, with carriages of the necessary size to mount them. That is Gentlemen will remember that the plan of the Endicott Board the general plan contemplated by the bill. provided, in substance, for the erection of coast defenses or forti Now, Mr. Chairman, as I have already stated, we appropriate fications. Whether this matter be important to members of this forty-four million and some hundreds of thousands of dollars for committee or no~, I. th~ , gentlemen, r.ou will all agree with me guns and mortars and for their carriages. The guns and mortars that no appropnation b1ll, nor any bill of any form, has come will cost of that sum, in round nun1bers, 826,800,000 and the car-. here for consideration during the present session which is of riages $17,800,000. For the emplacements, or the places, in ordi graver importance to the American people than this. The whole nary language, where the guns a.re to be mounted and set in posi American people, irrespective of party, demand the adoption of a tion, we shall have to expend-it all coming under the general complete and satisfactory system of coast fortification and coast head of fortifications-the sun1 of some $41,000!000, in round num defense. The interests of commerce and navigation, the manu bers; and as I have noticed in some of our debates during the facturer, the banker, and the business man in every avocation, present session of Congress diagrams have been produced to illus the professional man, the whole press of the country, the artisan, trate a point, I shall produce one myself for the inspection of the the mechanic, the day laborer-all unite, Mr. Chairman, in favor members of the committee from the edition of the Scientific of the system of continuous construction of coast defenses American of the 14th of March of this year, to illustrate an 8-inch throughout our whole coast line. barbette gun in position at Fort Wadsworth, New York Harbor, And, gentlemen, although we can not conclude the War Depart to which I ask the attention of the members who take an interest ment as to the ports which are to be fortified-as to the special in this discussion. 1896. CONGRESSIONA·L ·RECORD-HOUSE. 3969 A gun in barbette, I may say, ineans a gun upon a mound or condition of our arsenals and our manufacturing establishments. platform, which fires over the parapet of a fortification, instead We have, in all, one armory and four arsenals which are entitled of firingthroughanembrasure. Itisraiseduponaplatform, which to special attention. enables it to fire over the parapet. And permit me to say in con At the armory in Springfield, Mass., the small arms, that is, the nection with this explanation that "emplacement," a word fre improved Krag-Jorgensen rifles, are manufactured, and we turn quently used in connection with fortifications, is a military term; out now some 15,000 per annum. At the Frankford Arsenal the you will not find it in the dictionary, but it seems to be in essence cartridges are manufactured. At the Rock Island Arsenal, in illi the same as the placement or placing in position. It is the posi nois, the artillery harness, the equipments for the infantry and tion or place where the gun stands, and the word itself may be cavalry, and the target material are manufactured. And then we defined, from a military standpoint, as embra.cing the site or plat come to the great arsenals, one of which, that at Watertown, is form on which the gun rests to protect the parapet an the letter of a great Democrat; and this letter was written about over $11,0001 000. I take it fo"P granted that there will be no op the 1st day of December, 1885. It was then supposed that :Mr. position to the bill on the floor of this House. It may appear Carlisle-the Hon. John G. Carlisle-would be Speaker of the new somewhat extravagant to some members of this committee and to House; and on the 1st day of December, 1885, Mr. Tilden, from some persons on the outside that we should jump from a littJ.e his country home known as Greystone, addressed a letter to Mr. above two millions last year for fortifications and armament to Carlisle on coast defense and the urgency of making due provision eleven millions this year, especially at a time when om· Govern therefor. The condition of affairs in this country then was some- mentis borrowing money on bonds at a very heavy sacrifice to the what peculiar. We then had a surplus, and the question first taxpayers of the country, and when there is very little money in considered by the g1·eat Democratic statesmen was, What shall be the Treasury. I want to congratulate the country, however, tb.at done with the surplus? Shall we apply that surplus to a reduction now, when it is a settled fact that Mr. McKinley will be theRe of the revenue; shall we apply it to part payment of the public publicannomineeandthattheA.P.A.'swilldefeathim flau.ghter], debt, said Mr. Tilden, or shall we devote it to the coast defenses, and when it is an acknowledged fact that the true Jeffersonian and make due provision therefor? He alluded to the Monroe doc- Democracy of this country will take charge of the next Chicago trine, that doctrine which had found favor in the United States convention and bring ample relief to the people [laughter]-! de of America, in this language: sire, I say, to congratulate the country upon this state of facts It is now more than sixty years since we announced to the world that we and to say to those who may be inclined to be apprehensive on ac should resist any attempts, from whateverqua.rtertheymight come, to make count of this large appropriation that they may just as well .rest any new colonizations on any part of the American continent; that while we il d 1 soundl fo this try will be safe afte th 4.th should respect the status quo, we should protect the people of the different eas Y an s eep Y • r 0 oun r e nations inhabiting this continent from every attempt to subject them to the of March next. [Cries of "That is right," and applause on the dominion of any European power or to interfere with their undisturbed Republican side.] _ exercise of the rights of self-government. This announcement was formally The committee, in formulating this appropriation bill, has fol- m.ade by President Monroe. a:ftel' consultation with Mr. Madison ana 1\ir. l d l l th ti f G 1 Fl 1 d th ho Jefferson. It was formulated by John Quincy Adams. Om· Government has owe c ose y e sugges ons o enera ag er an o ers w firmly adhered to the Monroe doctrine, and. even so late as 1865 it warned know far more about the condition and requil:ements of our arma Napoleon III out of Mexico. It is impossible to foresee, in the recent scram- ment and fortifications than any individual or member of this ble of the European powers for a~msition of colonies, how soon an occasion House can lmow. Therefore, if your commitbee has made a mis may -arise for our putting in practiCe the Monroe -doctrine. take, it has been led into it by those who ought to 1..-now and do-uDt- And then come these -sound words of wisdom, and I call the less do know what ought to be appropriated for the several arms attention of the members of the committee to this concluding sen- of the service. Secretary Lamont, in his report last fall aug tence, and whetner you be in favor of the Monroe doctrine or not gested in his estimate a total appropTiation of about $6,610,000. I think you will concede that that doctrine has found utterance That included an appropriation for guns, mortars, can-iages, etc., on more than one occasion since the beginning of the Fifty-fourth of $4,175,155, and for emplacements, sites, fortifications, casemates, Oongress. Mr. Tilden says: submarine mines, and galleries, $2.135,000, making a total of It is clear that there ought to be some relation between our assertion of over six millions of money. Now, this bill carries for guns, car- that doctrine and our preparation to maintain it. riages, mortars, etc~, $5,542,276, and for emplacements, sites, for- But, I saY, whether we desire to assert that doctrine or not, tifications, and submarine mines, $5,8421 337, making in all over whether we do assert the Monroe doctrine or not, even the most $11,000,000. peace-loving American citizen, even though he be about to attend The advantages in the appropriations in this bill over any other the sessions of the arbitration convention or committee, must bill that has been before the House in a long while is in this par admit that it is an imperative duty now incumbent upon us and ticular, that we have endeavored to even up the armament and upon every patriot to appropriate money for our coast defenses fo1·tifications of the country so that the guns that are now on and fortifications. Why should we appropriate money? Because skids will be on carriages, and the guns and carriages will be on the great deterrent force lies in having our seaports and om· har- their emplacements, so that in case of an emergency we can util bors ready for an incursion or an inroad by any foreign people. ize all of our guns, and at the same time ;pTovision is made for a Let us fortify them, whether it take even more than eight or sufficient number of rounds of ammunition for all the~ guns. nine years. Let us commence to-day. Let us on this 14th day of Now, Mr. Chairman, I do not take much stock in the danger of April, 1896, pass this bill and take the initiatory step toward the an early war with Spain· or with Eugland. I do not think that building and construction of a complete cordon of fortifications I either one of those countries intends to fight us. aroundourwholecoastline,extendingfrom.M:ainetoWashington. Mr. WALSH. Is the gentleman aware that the British Gav- In conclusion, let me direct your attention to ~hese Te.markable I ernment has sent forty-four or forty-five rapid-firing guns to words of the same great statesman, Samuel J. Tilden: Kingsto-n, Canada, to protect the lakes? The best guaranty against agg1·ession, the best assurance that our diplo Mr. LIVINGSTON. Oh, yes; and if they had 145 it would not macy will be successf~ and. ~a.cifie _and that our rights and ~onor. will.be make any difference; not a particle. This Government can take res~ect!3d by other nati~, ISm .the1r knowledge that we a.re m a situation Canada in three weeks from to-day with any number of fortifi- to VIndicate our reputation and mterests. While we may afford to be deft- . ' . . cient in the means of offense, we can not afford to he defenseless. The no- cations, guns, and men that England can put there. But It IS toriet~ of. the fact that we. have _neg~ected 't}?.e ordinary pre~utions of de- good policy, good common sense, to put .our defense.3 in proper fens~ mv1tes want of cons1dm:atwn l:ll our diplomacy, InJustice, arrogance, condition and 1 trust that this bill will pass without any leno--th,+ and insult at the hands of foreign nations. . . ' " . . . o J . . . . discussion. There does not appear to be any opposition to It, and I So, g~ntl~men, I appeal to ~ou, Without dist~nctwn of party, to presume that there is nobody on the floor of this House who will pass thiS bill at once.. It will ~d supi?ort _m the platform of question the propriety of making these appropriations. They every party at the ~ommg election, and _It will meet the hearty mU!ht have been larger, much larger, ana perhaps they ought to approv~~ and ~clrum of all_your constituents, no matter what have been larger. But I want to say this: It has been given out the political faith may be wh1ch you are sent here to represent. fi·om some quarters that we are in very great danger, and that if [Loud applause.] we should have a war with England or with Spain or with both MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE. our defenses are in such a condition that we could not make a The committee informally rose; and Mr. BINGH.ili having taken respectable defense. That is a mistake~ And if the suggestions the chair as Speaker pro tempore, a message from the Senate, by of the distinguished gentleman from New York, to which my Mr. PLATT, one of its clerks, announced that the Senate had passed n·iend who has just taken his seat alluded, had been carried out bills of the following titles, in which the concurrence of the House thirty years ago, those very defenses and those very guns would was requested: have been to-day out of date-would have been of no use to us. A bill (S. 435) for the relief of the trustee of St. Joseph~s Oath- It is the policy of this Government to go slowly and gradually olio Church at Martinsburg, W.Va.; and in this sort of work because of the improvements which are being A bill (S. 2783) to establish a life-saving station on the coast of made from year to year, and I might almost say froiD; day to day. New Hampshirtl or J\llassachusetts between the Hampton and the Why, sir, the guns which we had twenty years ago are to-day of MeTrimac rivers. no use; the fortifications we had fifteen years ago are to-day prac The message also announced that the Senate had passed the tically useless. We have got to keep pace with the progress of following resolution; in which the concurrence of the House was improvements. I think we have enough money in this bill to pur requested: sue that line of policy. If we cover now the latest improvements · Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concw'ring), That the in guns, fortifications, etc., we can a year from now make further report of the Secretary of Agriculture upon the expenditures of the agricul- appropriations eovering improvements as they are made, thus tnral experiment stations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, in compli- securing the best types of guns to be had in this country or any ance with the act a:pproved August 8, 1894, making appropriations for the De_pa.rtment of Agnculture, be printed as a document; and that there be other. In this way, by moderate though liberal appropriations, pTmted, in addition to the usual number, 2,000 copies of said report, the extra we can keep pace with the progress of military science, without copies to be distributed under the direction of the Secretary of Agriculture. being extravagant or wasteful with the people's money. FORTIFICATIONS APPROPRIATION BILL. 1\fr. BAKER of New Hampshire. Mr. Chalrm.an, it is particu- The committee again resumed its session, Mr. HoPKINS in the larly gratifying that the Appropriations Committee is unanimous chair. in reporting so good a bill as the one under discussion. My only Mr. LIVINGSTON. .Mr. Chairman, this bill carries something regret in connection with it is that the bill has not gone further 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. and appropriated a larger sum of inoney; that its purpose has not LIVINGSTON] the reasons why l made the Temarks with which I been to put this country in the completest position of defense began. I find in Senate Document No. 104, which is the report of which money can accomplish within a reasonable time. That is the Secretary of War in reply to a resolution of tb.e Senate, that the only criticism which can be made upon the bill. I presume, he says, under date of February 3, 1896, a little over two months however, that a majority of the House will be satisfied with this ago: measm·e as it is, because it is so much better than anything pro I have the honor to sta.i;ethatthe sum of $25,678,860 could be advantageously posed jn any recent Congi·ess. - used by the War Department -for the purpose of coast defense prior to July 1, 1897, ofwhic.hamount, if it should be appropriated, 54,722,000 should be made But it is to be borne in mind, Mr. Chairman, that thls bill does available during the pTesent fiscal year, to be expended as follows- not come up to the requirements of the War Department or of the GeneTal in charge of the Army. That is, the present fiscal year., ending on the 30th day of June Mr. LIVINGSTON. The gentleman will allow me to suggest next. By the Ordnlmce Department: that we have absolutely gone beyond the estimates of the Secre For working the gun factory to its full ca-pacity eight hours par tary of War and of the heads of the different departments of the day in finishing and assembling guns during the remainder of the fiscal year ______------__· ··------______$55,000 ~~·BAKER of New Hampshire. If the gentleman will wait By the Engineer Department: a .moment, I think I will convjnce him absolutely that I am cor ~g~!j~~~~~-~=-===~~-=~=::=-===--=~======--~ == =-====~=-======3,~:~ rect in the statement I have just made. And yon will notice that the present bill, not for the present In 1886, as has been stated here, the Endicott Board Teported a fiscal year a.lone but for the coming year -as well, provjdes an ap system of general coast defenses, which included27 ports, to which propriation of $250,000 for this purpose- the Puget Sound country was sub~equently added, making 28 For subma.rinedefanses ______.______~--- - · - ·- ·- $850,000 ports. The estimated cost of that system was $97,782,800. There was asked at that time an appropriation of $21,500,000 fo1· that Then, again, he says: immediate year, and an annual appropriation of $9,000,000 for Twenty million nine hundred and fifty-six thousand ei.,..ht hundred and sixty dollars would be e~pended during the fiscal year en 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3973 enemy might be found. Those ships could be marshaled upon the the United States within the said State, 23,040 acres of land, in legal subdivi sion.~. being a total equivalent to one township, and shall certify the same to high seas, and we could say to Great Britain and to the world: "We the Secretary of the Interior, who shall forthwith, upon receipt of said have floating batteries here that dare meet any nation that comes certificate, issue to the State of ..(\labama patents for said lands: Provided, to attack us from any part of the world." That the proceeds of said lands, when sold or leased, shall forever remain a I have confidence, as the distinguished chairman of the commit fund for the use of the Alabama State Normal College at Florence, Ala. tee, Mr. CANNON, has, in the capacity of this American people So impressed were the Committee on Public Lands with the upon land, united as we are now and numbering 70,000,000, to de justice of this bill, and the great good being done by the State fend ourselves against any power that might attempt to plant its Normal College, that the bill received the unanimous report of the flag upon American soil. But I do believe that, instead of expend Committee on Public Lands. The report was No. 1938, Fifty ing this money in fortifications at given points here and there third Congress, and was made by Mr. Kribbs. It is as follows: along the seaboard for a thousand miles or more, if we could turn The Committee on the Public Lands, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 8925), granting a township of land for the use of the Alabama State Normal out upon the high seas forty or fifty or more powerful naval vessels College, having considered the same, make the following report: and say to the world, ''Let our enemies come on; we will meet them," The Alabama State Normal College at Florence was established by an act it would be a much more judicious expenditure of this money than of the legislature of Alabama, and has been maintained as a first-class insti to spend it upon fortifications at particular places. Instead of tute and coU.ege, where pupils may acquire a thorough normal-school edu cation. It has now an attendance of 300 students, which, with the requested building up great fortifications at different points along the coast, assistance, could be increased to between 500 and 1,000. we might construct a powerful Navy, which would be equal to The college has been the means of educating hundreds Qf young persons, that of Great Britain, if need be; and in that way we could de who have not only been benefited themselves by this o:pportunity for their education, but are devoting themselves to the professiOn of teachin~, and fend our towns and cities, as well as any other places within the assisting in promoting and im~roving the efficiency of the schools of the ;:;tate. territory of the United States that any enemy might choose to The curriculum is of a very high grade. The establishment and maintenance attack. by the State of a college of this character is deserving of the highest com mendation, and where a grant, as here requested, that does not require the Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. Mr. Chairman, if no gentleman appropriation of any money, nor of anything that will avail to produce desires to speak further upon the bill, I ask unanimous consent money for the Treasury, will contribute so much to encourage as well as ma- that general debate be now closed. terially benefit the institution, it ought to be made. • There was no objection, and it was so ordered. Your committee recommend that the bill, without amendment, do pass. The Clerk, reading the bill by paragraphs, read as follows: It was too late in the session fQr· this bill to pass during the last Oil-tempered and annealed steel for high-power coast-defense guns of 8-inch, Congress, and when we met last December I reintroduced the 10-inch, and 12-inch caliber, and forgings for one t;vpe 16-inch gun in quality bill. It is House bill217 of the present Congress, and I expected and dimensions conforming to specifications, subJect to inspection at each that it would receive the immediate favorable consideration of stage of manufacture, and including all parts of each caliber, $1,332,008. the Committee on Public Lands. You can scarcely imagine my Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. Mr. Chairman, I offer the amend- disappointment and surprise to find that instead of reporting my ment which I send to the desk. bill and doing partial justice to north Alabama by giving a most The amendment was read, as follows: important institution in that,part of the State 23,040 acres of land, Page 3, line 3, after the word "gun," insert a comma. as provided for in my bill, the committee neglected my bill alto gether and in place thereof reported a bill giving 50,000 acres to The amendment was agreed to. two institutions in south Alabama, thus doubly intensifying the The Clerk read as follows: injustice to north Alabama instead of alleviating it, making the For rapid-fire guns, iiicluding their mounts and ammunition, $150,000. donations to south Alabama some 130,000 acres and not giving a Mr. WHEELER. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last single acre to north Al~bama. word. This is an appropriate place, because to carry out the pur Similar bills to the ones reported favorably by the House com poses provided for in the section just read requires a high order mittee were introduced in the Senate, combined intoone bill, num of education, and I desire to call the attention of the House to a bill bered Senate bill 2461, and passed by that body, and the friends of which I introduced providing for the use of public lands in the those bills are seeking to pass this Senate bill· through the House. State of Alabama for educational purposes. I am thoroughly in favor of that bill, and think it should pass, but I am encouraged to do this because it is in the line of policy I think that the fair-minded, generous men of this House will concur which has always been approved by the lawmaking power of this that it ought to be amended so as to give to the schools of north Government during its entire existence. Alabama an amount of land equal to that which is proposed to be On May 20, 1785, the Continental Congress enacted the follow donated to the south Alabama schools. I introduced a bill to at tain that purpose. It is No. 7266, and if the House will amend ing: the Senate bill as thus provided it will give north Alabama 50,000 There shall be reserved the lot No. 16 of every township for the mainte acres, leaving south Alabama two and a half times as much. I nance of public schools. afterwards introduced another bill, No. 7372, which I respect And the tendency of Congress has been to extend this so that the fully submit would be the proper one to substitute for the Senate late States have received four sections of a township instead of bill. one-Utah, the last State admitted, receiving more than 6,000,000 The bill is a-s follows: acres, and the total grant to the nine States admitted since 1861 Be it enacted, etc., That all the public lands within the State of Alabama are amounting to some 70,000,000 acres. hereby donated to the State of Alabama for the purpose of improving the school system in said State, and the Secretary of the Interior shall issue to The total amount received by Alabama when it became a State the State of Alabama patents for said lands: Provided, That the proceeds of was 902,744 acres, while the average given to the nine States lately said la:nds, when sold or leased, shall forever remain a fund to be used for admitted is eight times that amount. the purpose of improving the school system of Alabama; the said proceeds to be apportioned between the schools for colored children and the schools The State of Alabama is doing her full duty with regard to the for white children in proportion to their population in;.said State as shown education of her citizens, both black and white. The money pro by the census taken by the United States authorities. vided for this purpose, pursuant to the laws of Alabama, is greater SEc. 2. That in case of the forfeiture of any land of the United States within the State of Alabama which, previous to the passage of this act, had been ac in proportion to wealth than that of many of the most liberal quired by homestead, preemption, or any other laws, said land so forfeited States of the North. The efforts of the people in this commend shall be patented ~the Secretary of the Interior to the State of Alabamafor able line ought to be responded to by Congress, especially when !~~ ~~~~~~:~ sta~e~h! ~~\i~~cf~.f t'tfist~~- act and under the provisions it can be done without any expense to the Government. SEC. 3. That after the lands designated in section 1 of this act have been There are now but 600,000 acres of public lands in the State of patented to the State of Alabama the land offices in the State of Alabama Alabama, and most of it is of such a character that we can hardly shall be abolished and all officers connected therewith shall be honorably expect it to be appropriated under the present land laws. The discharged from the service of the United States. expense of maintaining the land offices in the State can not be The passage of this bill would be wise legislation. The State of less than some $30,000 a year, and as the Government will never Alabama could use the lands to great advantage in the cause of realize that amount, it is very evident that it would be in the line education, while, as we have shown, not only are they of no value of economy to give these lands to the State and abolish the land to the United States, but they are a great expense, the annual offices. In fact, no other system seems at all consistent with cost to the Government being about equal to the total amount of proper economic administration. It will be seen that to keep up money the Government can ever hope to realize from their sale. these land offices the United States is each year spending an The last census shews that there are more than 400,000 people amount which is just about equal to the value of the public lands in the State of Alabama over 10 years of agewho can not write. of the State. Alabama is divided into two sections, one called It is not necessary to speak to this intelligent body of the im north Alabama, and one called south Alabama. portance of education: I think my fellow-members will concur Some years ago, pursuant to acts of Congress, two colleges in with me that every dollar used for this great and good pm·pose is south Alabama received large grants of land amounting to some returned more than a thousandfold by the improvement and 80,000 acres. In order to equalize these matters and to do a development of our citizens. measure of justice to north Alabama, I introduced the following Among tl.wse 400,000 illiterate beings in Alabama there may be bi~ in ~he Fijty-_third Congress: . minds of great natural grandeur which, cultured, would equal Be it enacted, etc., That the governor of the State of Alabama be, and he is ari.y of the brilliant intellects that history has ever· known, but hereby, authorized to select, out of the unoccupied and uninhabited lands of which, like the priceless gem hidden beneath the surface ~f the 3974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 14, earth, while there remaining performs no function more important A bill (S. 1317) to grant certain lands to the city of Colorado than does the common pebble by its side. Springs, Colo.; !consider- A bill (S, 2141) to amend an act approved August 24, 1894, en Said Addison- titled "An act to authorize purchasers of the property and fran a human soul without education like marble in the quarry, which shows none chises of the Choctaw Coal and RaHway Company to organize a of its inherent beauties until the skill of the polisher fetches out the colors, makes the surface shinehand discovers every ornamental cloud, spot, aud corporation and to confer upon the same all the powers, privi vein that runs through t e body of it. * * * leges, and franchises vested in that company"; What sculpture is to a block of marble education is to a human souL Joint resolution (S. R. 123) directing the Secretary of War to The philosopher, the saint, the hero, the wise, the good, or the great man very often lie hid and concealed in a plebeian, which a proper education submit a plan and e~timate for the impTovement of the Nebraska might have disinterred and brought to light. · side of the Missouri River, opposite Sioux City, Iowa; and Leibnitz said: Joint resolution (S. R. 104) directing the Secretary of War to transmit to Congress a report on survey of the waterway con The way to reform the human race is to reform the education of the young. The good education of youth is the first foundation of human happiness. necting the waters of Puget Sound at Salmon Bay with Lakes I will also quote these eloquent words from Daniel Webster: Union and Washington, and to submit an estimate of the cost of constructing said waterway. If we work upon marble it will perish; if we work upon brass time will efface it; if we rea.r temples they will crumble into dust; but if we work upon WITHDRAWAL OF PAPERS. immortal minds, if we imbue them with principles, with the just fear of God By unanimous consent, leave to withdraw papers from the files and love of our fellow-men, we engrave on those tablets something that will brighten to all eternity. of the House, without leaving copies (there having been no adverse report), was granted as follows: That distinguished French writer, Mgr. Dupanloup, beautifully To Mr. PITNEY, in the case of Horaee B. Gardner, Fifty-first says: Congress. The work of the educator bears a likeness to the work of the Creator. If he does not create from nothingness, he draws from slumber and lethargy To Mr. WooD, in the case of Jesse Durnell, Fiftieth Congress. the benumbed faculties; he gives life and movement and action to a.n exist LEAVE OF ABSENCE. ence yet imperfect. In this light an intellectual. moral, and religious education is the highest By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted as follows: possible human work. It is the continuation of the highest and noblest work To Mr. RussELL of Georgia, indefinitely, on account of sickness. of divinity-the creation of souls. 'l'o Mr. LINNEY, for ten days, on account of sickness in his These beautiful phrases carry our minds back to the first thoughts family. of creation. We recall these words, which are found in the third To Mr. 1\IcCORM:ICK, for three days, on account of important and fourth verses of the first chapter of Genesis: business. And God said, Let there be light, and there was light. And God saw the To Mr. HuTCHESON, indefinitely, on account of sickness in his light, that it was good. family. These sublime words of the Almighty as He called the world To Mr. KYLE, indefinitely, on account of sickness in his family. from chaos, His first recorded utterance, His command to the be To Mr. PARKER, for three days, ou account of important busi- ings about to be created to "Let there be light," might convey an ness. · idea involving something more than a change from the darkness To Mr. JoHNSON of Indiana, for ten days, on account of sick of night to the light of day. May we not indulge the pleasing ness. and beautiful fancy that this was an admonition to us to enlighten CHANGE OF REFERENCE. minds that were to be implanted in the human frame, a command Mr. LACEY. I ask unanimous consent that House bill No. to the people of all nations and all ages to give light unto the mind? 3268 be transferred from the Union Calendar to the House Calen I appeal to the House to consider this great and most important dar. The reference to the Union Calendar was a mistake. question in the spirit of the broadest statesmanship and most gen Several MEMBERS. What is.the bill? erous philanth1·opy. I appeal to them to enact into law the bill Mr. LACEY. It is a bill to facilitate the procurement of evi which will extend its blessings to all the people of the State, and dence and to compel the attendance of witnesses in matters especially do I appeal to them to do justice to that part of Alabama before registers and receivers of the local land offices of the United which has heretofore received no grants of this character. The States. enactment into law of the last bill which I have read will accom The SPEAKER. Does not the bill provide for the advancing plish this purpose, but to confine this proposed grant of 50,000 ~fu~ - acres to the schools of South Alabama, making the special grants Mr. LACEY. . It does not. It provides for subpamaing wit- to that part of the State 130,000 acres, would be a most glaring in nesses and compelling their attendance in cases before registers justice to the young people in that most beau~ful part o~ the Sta~ and receivers. It involves no appropriation. which is called North Alabama, who are seeking education. Th1s Mr. PAYNE. If fees are to be paid, does not that involve a 50,000 acres will take all the lands which are really valuable; charge upon the Treasury? therefore, unless the schools in North Alabama are included in Mr. LACEY. This bill relates to land contests between private the grant proposed by the Senate. bill the lands th_ey might af~r individuals? There is now no way to compel the attendance of wards receive would be of very little value, and mcalculable In witnesses in such cases, and this bill is to supply that defect in justice would be done to the people I represent. the law. The Clerk resumed and concluded the reading of the bill. Mr. PAYNE. But if the bill provides for the payment of fees Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. I move that the committee rise of witnesses it seems to me it involves a charge on the Treasury. and rep01·t the bill as amended to the House, with the recom l\1r. LACEY. It relates simply to laud contests between indi mendation that it pass. viduals. The motion was agreed to. The SPEAKER. Are not the fees, or some of them, to be ad The committee accordingly rose; and the Speaker having re vanced by the authority of the United States? sumed the chair, Mr. HoPKINS reported that the Committee of Mr. LACEY. Not at all, unless the Government of the United the Whole House on the state of the Uni.on had had under con States should in some instances have a lawsuit before these offi sidei·ation the bill (H. R . 8109) making appropriations for forti cers, in which case the Government could compel the attendance fications and other works of defense, for the armament thereof, of witnesses in the same way as the bill proposes to authorize for the procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and service, and private individuals to do. But there is no charge upon the Treas for other purposes, and had Phillips for legal services, was taken from the Speaker's table, The bill (H. R. 7143) granting to the Soldiers and Sailors' Mon referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be umetrt Association of the county of Middlesex, in the State of printed. New Jersey, 4 condemned cannon and 30 cannon balls. (Report No. 1274.) The bill (H. R. 71'71) authorizing and directing the Secretaryof REPORTS OF COMMITTEES 0~ .PUBLIC BILLS AN.D the Navy to donate foul' condemned cannon and four pyramids of RESOLUTIONS. condemned cannon balls to James ·T. Shields Post, No. 45, Grand Under clause 2 of Ru1e XIII, bills and resolutions-were severally Army of the Republic, of Galesburg! Knox County, ill., and for reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and refen·ed to other purposes. (Report No. 1275.) the several Calendars therein named, as follows: The bill (H. R. 7172) donating four condemned cannon and four 1\:Ir. HULL, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to which pyramids of condemned cannon balls to the Soldiers' Monument was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 870) to provide for the Association of Allegan, Mich. (Report No. 1276.) relief of certain officers and enlisted men of the 'Volunteer fo1·ces, The bill (H. R. 7209) authorizing the Secretary of the Navy to reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a Teport donate two condemned cannon to .Sedgwick Post, No. 7! Grand (No. 1241); which said bill and report were referred to the Honse Army of the R epublic, of Soutn Kingston, R. I. (Report No. Calendar. 1277.) Mr. CORLISS, from the Committee on Interstate and Foreign The bill (H. R. 7215) donating condemned cannon and cannon Commerce, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 1872) balls to Col. Joseph H. Wilson Post, Grand .A:rmy of-the Republic, authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to • e:xohang~ in beh~f Zelienople, Pa. · (Report No. 1278.) of the United States the tract of land at Cho~taw Pomt, ::1\-loblle The bill (H. R. "7216) donating one condemned cannon and can County, Ala., now belonging to the United States and held for non ·balls to ·Grand Army of the Republic post, No. 573, of Evans light-house purposes, with the Mobile, Jackson and Kans_as Cio/ City, Pa. (Report No. 127.9.) Railroad Company for any other tract or parcel of land m sa1.d The bill (H. R. 7260) donating 2 condemned canncm. and 10 con county equally well or bet~er adapted to use far light-ho~se pur demned cannon balls -to Washington Post, No. 12, Grand .Army poses, reported the same -without amendment, accompa.med b_y a of tne Republic, Lawrence, Kans. (Report No. 1280.) report (No. 1242); which said bill and report were referred to the The bill (H.R. 7381) directing the Secretary of the Navy ·to , Committee of the Whole·House on the state of the Union. donate one condemned cannon and cannon balls to 'Solili.ers and Mr. HILBORN, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, towbich Sailors' J\ionnmen.t Association of the city of Middletown, N.Y. was referred House bill No. 5108, with certain proposed amend (Report No. 1281.) ments thereto and a proposed substitute therefor, reported in lieu The bill (H. R. 7412) donating condemned cannon, cannon balls, thereof a bill (H.R. 8210) to authorize the Secretary of -the Navy and shells to the State of Rhode Island, to decorate the cam_p of to donate to each Department of the-Grand Army of the Republic the militia of sam State. (Report No. 1282.) of each State and Territo1·y six pieces of condemned cannon for The bill (H. R. 7480) donating two condemned cannon and the use of those organizations, accompanied ·by a report (No.1259 ) ; limber to Batte1'Y E Association, .First Regiment 'Rhode Island which said bill and report were refened to the Committee of the Light Artillery. (Report No.1283.) Whole House on -the state of the Union. The bill (H. R. 17823) directing .the Secretary of the Navy to do He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the nate two condemned cannon and·cannan ba1ls to the-northeastern follo-wing s.undry bills and joint resolutions, :reported the·same, N ebras"ka reunion of the Grand Army of the Republic. (Report accompanied by reports; which said bills, jaint resolutions, and No.1287.:) reports were referred to the Committee of the Whole .House 011 The bill (H.. R. 7824) directing the Secretlllry af the Navy to do the state of the Union, as follows: nate two condemned cannon and cannon balls to the Soldiel"S~ .Home at Grand Island, Nebr. (Repor.t.No. 1288.) WITllOUT AME..~DMENT. The bill (H. R. 8012) donating one condemned cannon.and ballB The bill (H. "R. 4324) authorizing the Secretary of the.Navyto to Grana Army of the Republic post of Sparta, ill. (.Repmt No. deliver one condemned cannon to the city of Elmwood, Peoria 128!>). County, ill. (Report No. 1252.) T.he bill (H. R. 8044) d"Onating one condemned cannon and d'ol1T The bill (H. R. 4557) authorizing and dh·eoting the Secretary pyramids of cannon balls to George X. J3iTd Post, No. 169, Gram.d of the Navy to·donate two pieces of condemned cannon .and four Army of the Republic, of Norwood, Mass., and for other purposes. pyramids of condemned cannon balls to the St. Boniface Union (Reporl No. 129.0.) Soldiers' Monument and 1\i.emorial Association, af Chicago, lli. The bill (H. R. 8077) granting to .Budlong iPost, Grand .Army of (Report No. 1255.) the Republic, of Westerly, R. 1., two ·condemned mounted .brass The bill (H. R. 4992) authorizing and directing the Secretary of cannon. (Report No. 1291). the Navy to donate four pieces of condemned cannon .and fou:r The jomt resolution (H. Res. 1:19) .authorizing an.d dire.cting 'the NJ.'::tmids of c"Ondemned cannon balls to the city of Reedsburg, Secretary -of theNavy to .furnish •one condemned cannon "for :the Wis. (Report No. 1258.) use of Wisnm· Post, of l\Iontezuma, Iowa, Grand Arm.y of theRe 'The bill (H. R. 5638) to grant two condemned cannon and fifty public, for the Department of Iowa. (Report No. 1292.) cannon balls to A. G. Reed Pos.t, No. 105, Grand Army of the The joint Tesolution (H. Res. 122) .a11thorizing the Secretary of Republic, Of Butler, Pa. (Report No.1261.) the Navy to deliver condemned cannon to ·Chamberlain Po.st, The bill (H. R. 6129) donating one condemned cannon and four Grand Arm,y .of the Republic, to ·be -posted by the soldiers' 'ID.onn pyramids of condemned cannon balls to Jewell Post, No. 3, ment at St. Johmbury, Vt. (Report No. 1293.) Grand .Army of the Republic, Bleasanton, Kans. (Report No. 'llhe bill (S.:'184:6) authorizing and directing .the.Secretary of 'the 12G3.) Navyto dona~ condemned cann~ to Guster P051:, Grand .Ann;r The bill (H. R. 6666) granting to Maj. C. A. Angel Post, No. 20, of the .Republic, at Leavenworth, Kans., and .Mathias Post, Grand Grand Army of the Republic, of Lambertville, N. J., 4condemned Army of the Republic, at Burlington, ~owa. (Report No.1295.) cannon and 20 cannon balls. (Report No. 1266.) . The bill (H. R. ·6669) authorizing and directing the Secretary of WITH ..A.MEND11IENTS. the Navy to donate five condemned cannon to George B. McClel The bill (H. R. 4341) empowering and directing the Secretary lan Post, No.9, GrandAmny of the Republic, of Houston, Tex., of the Navy to.furnishnot more than four :pieces of condemned and for other purposes. (Report No. 1267.) cannon to the city of Mount 'Vernon, -N.Y. (Report No. 1253.,) The bill (H. R. 6786) authorizing and directing the Secretary of "The bill (H. R. 4456) to authorize and direct the Secretary of the Navy to donate four condemned cannon to Paul Hevere Post, the Navy to donate one condemned cannon and four .pyramids of No. 88, Grand Army of the Republic, Quincy, Mass. (Report condemned cannon balls to the cemetery .association in .the city 0f No. 1268.) St. Paul, 1\linn., to be used at or near the foot of-the soldiers' The bill (H. R. 6510) authorizing and directing the Secretary monumentin said cemeter_y. (.ReportNo.1254.) of theN avy to donate one condemned cannon and four py.1·amids The lilll (.H. R. 4980) donating -conaemned cannon and •con of condemned cannon balls to L. E. King Post, No. 105, Grand demned cannon balls to Judson Kilpatric"k Post, No. 36, Grand Army of the Republic, of Augusta, Kans., and for other purposes. Army of the Republic, Department of Kansas; at Newton, Xans. (Report No. 1269.) (ReportNo.1256.) T.he bill (H. R. 7084) graniingto Charles C. Baker Post,No.16, -The bill (H. R. 4981) donating condemnea cannon and con Grand Army of the Republic, of Wickford, R.I., 5 condemned demned cannon balls to Eggleston Post, "No. 244, Grand Army of cannon .and 25 cannon balls. (.Report No. 1270.) the Republic, Department of ..Kansas, at Wichita, Kans. (Re The bill (H. R. 7100) to donate 8 condemned cannon ana 100 port'No.1257.) cannon shot to the Grand Army of the ·Republic Cemetery ..Asso The 'Dill (H. R. 5567) authoriZing the Secretary of fue Navy to ciation of Colorado. (Report No. 1272.) donate 1 condemned cannon and 15 cannon -balls .to Mc"DoweTI ~he bill (H. R. 7140) granting to .A. L. Robeson Post, No. 42, Post, GTand .A:on-y of the "'Republic, .of Enid, Okla. (.Reoort No. Grand Army of tne .Republic, of Bridgeton, N.J., 4 condemned 1260.) - cannon and 20 cannon ball.s. (Report No. 1273.) The bill (H. R. 5947) authorizing and directing t'he Secretary 3976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 14, of the Navy to furnish to L. L. Eggleston Post, No. 184, Depart The bill (H. R. 7805) for the relief of George M. Clapp of the ment of New York, Grand Army of the Republic, of Deposit, Washington Iron Works. (Report No. 1250.) ' N. Y., a condemned cannon. (Report No. 1262.) By Mr. ANDREWS, from the Committee on Private Land The bill (H. R. 6181) to donate condemned cannon and con Claims: A bill (H. R. 8209) for the relief of Raphael Segoura re- demned cannon balls for the monument to the Union soldiers of ported in lieu of House bill No. 1356. (Report No. 1251.) ' Tennessee. (Report No. 1264.) The bill. (H. R. 6256) authorizing and directing the Secretary of PUBLIC BILLS, MEMORIALS, AND RESOLUTIONS. the Navy to furnish to George F. Fuller Post, Grand Army of the Republic, of Manistique, Mich., a condemned cannon. (Report Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials No. 1265.) of the following titles were introduced, and severally referred as The bill (H. R. 7050) empowering and directing the Secretary of follows: the Navy to furnish not more than four pieces of condemned can By Mr. HULL: A bill (H. R. 8188) to determine the lineal rank non to t?e village of Sing Sing, N. Y. (.Report No.1271.) of medical officers of the Army upon entrance into the service The bill (H. R. 7671) authorizing and directing the Secretary of to the Committee on Military Affairs. the Navy to donate one condemned cannon and condemned can By Mr. POWERS: A bill (H. R. 8189) to amend an act entitled - D;On balls to p-. S. Grant Post, No. 72, Grand Army of the Repub ''An act to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line hc. of Washmgton, Ind., Department of Indiana. (Report No. from the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean, and to secure to the m~> - Government the use of the same for postal, military and other The bill (H. R. 7771) authorizing and directing the Secretary purposes," approved July 1, 1862; also to amend an act approved of the Navy to donate condemned cannon and condemned cannon July 2,1864, and also an act approved May 7,1878, both in amend balls to certain posts of the Grand Army of the Republic. (Re ment of said first-mentioned act and other acts amendatory thereof port No. 1285.) and supplemental thereto, and to provide for the settlement of The bill (H. R. 7777) to authorize the Secretacy of the Navy to claims growing out of the issue of bonds to aid in the construction furnish condemned cannon to Fort Thomas, Ky. (Report No. of certain railroads, and to secure the payment of all indebtedness 1286.) to the United States of certain companies therein mentioned-to The joint resolution (S. R. 15) authorizing the Secretary of the the Committee on Pacific Railroads. Navy to donate to the Mountain View Cemetery Association, at By Mr. RUSK: A bill (H. R. 8190) to provide an American Oakland, Cal., certain cannon, etc. (Report No. 1294.) register for the bark Ceres-to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. . By Mr. TRACEY: A bill (H. R. 8191) to extend the act of July 28, 1866, for one year-to the Committee on War Claims. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS. By Mr. WILSON of New York: A bill (H. R. 8192) to establish Under clause 2 of Rule xm, private bills and resolutions were the Sociological Institution-to the Committee on Education. severally reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk and B;y: Mr. BROWN: A bill (H. R. 8193) to aid and encourage the referred to the Committee of the Whole House, as follows: ' holdmg of the Tennessee centennial exposition at Nashville, Tenn., By Mr. BLACK of Georgia, from the Committee on Pensions: in the year 1897, and making appropriation therefor-to the Com The bill (H. R. 4076) for the relief of Abner Abercrombie. (Re mittee on Appropriations. port No. 1232.) By Mr. GAMBLE: A bill (H. R. 8194) to amend chapter 120 of By Mr. PICKLER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions: volume 25 of the United States Statutes at Large, approved Feb The bill (H. R. 7962) granting a pension to Hora~e Perry. (Report ruary 9, 1889, entitled "An act to punish the carnal and unlawful No. 1233.) knowing a female under the age of 16 years-to the Committee By Mr. ANDREWS, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions: on the Judiciary. The bill (H. R. 3605) granting a pension to Grotius M. Udell. By Mr. MERCER: A bill (H. R. 8195) to grant permits for the (Report No. 1234.) laying of pipe lines for commercial purposes in the District of By Mr. McCLELLAN, from the Committee on Invalid Pen Columbia-to the Committee on the District of Columbia. sions: The bill (S. 1816) granting a pension to Eliza Craig Heck By Mr. LOW: A bill (H. R. 8196) to provide for the reorganiza man, widow of Brig. Gen. Charles A. Heckman. (Report No. tion and improvement of the musical service of the Army and 1235.) Navy and Marine Corps of the United States-to the Committee By Mr. LAYTON, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions: on Military Affairs. The bill (H. R. 2395) granting a pension to Benjamin F. Young By Mr. LOUDENSLAGER: A bill (H. R. 8208) granting to late private of Company G, First Regiment Ohio Volunteer Cav~ A. B. Bateman Post, No. 60, Grand Army of the Republic, of airy. (Report No. 1236.) Cedarville, N. J., 4 condemned cannon and 20 cannon balls-to By Mr. WOOD, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions: The the Committee on Naval Affairs. bill (H. R. 3607) to increase the pension of Mrs. Kate Grant. By Mr. HARTMAN: A resolution (House Res. No. 248) pro (Report No. 1237.) viding for annual clerks to Members and Delegates-to the Com By Mr. KERR, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions: The mittee on Accounts. bill (H. R. 6922) to pension Catharine Harris. (Report No. 1238.) By Mr. PHILLIPS: A resolution (House Res. No. 250) to pay By Mr. THOMAS, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions: Frank Burke for setvices in stationery room from December 2, The bill (H. R. 3842) to increase the pension of Edward Vunk. 1895, to January 14, 1896, 886.64-to the Committee on Accounts. (Report No. 1239.) By Mr. GILLETT of .1\:fassachusetts: A memorial by the legis By Mr. POOLE, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions: The lature of Massachusetts, in favor of an appropriation by Congress bill (H. R. 4539) granting a pension to Zolman Tyrrell, imbecile for the extermination of the gypsy moth-to the Committee on son of Lewis R. Tyrrell, late Company A, First New York En Agriculture. gineers. (Report No.1240.) By Mr. McCALL of Massachusetts: A memorial of the general By Mr. HOWE, from the Committee on Pensions: The bill court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, relative to the ex (H. R. 7489) granting a pension to Caroline A. Groshon. (Report termination of the gypsy moth-to the Committee on Agriculture. No. 1243.) By Mr. FITZGERALD: A memorial of the Massachusetts legis By Mr. LOUDENSLAGER, from the Committee on Pensions: lature, relative to the extermination of the gypsy moth-to the The bill (H.R.649) granting a pension to JosephS. Bunker. (Re Committee on Agriculture. · port No. 1244.) By Mr. SIMPKINS: A memorial of the Massachusetts legis By Mr. COLSON, from the Committee on Pensions: The bill lature, relative to the extermination of the gypsy moth-to the (H. R. 349j) granting a pension to Frances M. Roberts. (Report Committee on Agriculture. · No.1245.) By Mr. BARRETT: A memorial of the Massachusetts legisla By, Mr. HATCH, from the-Committee on War Claims: The bill ture, relative to the extermination of the gypsy moth-to the Com (H. I.. 5501) for the relief of W. P. Marshall. (Report No.1246.) mittee on Agriculture. 13y Mr. MAHON, from the Committee on War Claims: A reso lution (House Res. No. 249) to refer the bill (H. R. 99) for the relief CHANGE OF REFERENCE. of Joseph Curriden, with all the accompanying papers, to the Court Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, committees were discharged from of Claims, reported in lieu of House bill No. 99. (Report No. the consideration of the following bills; which were referred, as 1247.) follows: By Mr. OTJEN, from the Committee on War Claims: The bill The bill (H. R. 2997) for the relief of George W. Warren, of (H. R. 7506) for the relief of the Portland Company, of Portland, Vermillion, Kans.-Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, Me. (Report No. 1248.) · · and referred to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. HURLEY, from the Committee on War Claims: The bill (H. R. 4261) toi)ension Mrs. Susan M. Sessford-Com The bill (H. R. 1355) for the relief of the legal representatives of mittee on Pensions discharged, and referred to the Committee on Hiram Somerville. (Report No. 1249.) Invalid Pensions. 1896. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3977· PRIVATE BILLS, ETC. system of weights and measures~to the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. · Under clause 1 of Rnle XXII, private bills of the following titles By Mr. ~USK: Petition of. Frederick Fi!1her, ill; relation to his were presented and referred, as follows: pension·clarm-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. BINGHAM: A bill (H. R. 8197) for the relief of John Also, papers relatin~ to the pen~ion cl3:im of Mrs. Rachel R. T. Guerin-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Martin-to the Committee on Invalid PensiOns. By Mr. CURTIS of Kansas: A bill (H. R. 8198) gran.ting an By Mr. SMITH of Michigan: Petition of Rev. D. F. Bradley increase of pension to George C. James-to the Committee on and 862: others of Park Congregational Church, Grand Rapids, Invalid Pensions. Mich., in favor of Sunday-rest law for the District of Columbia By Mr. DOLLIVER: A bill (H. R. 8199) to increase the pension to the Committee on the District of Columbia. of Oscar W. Lowery-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. TRACEY: Petition of Deer Lake Lodge, No. 17, of By Mr. ELLETT of Virginia: A bill (H. R. 8200) for the relief Springfield, Mo., International Association of Machinists, ask:i.J;lg of Charles S. Mills-to the Committee on Claims.· for an investigation of the Brooklyn Navy-Yard-to the Commit~ By Mr. LOUD (by request): A bill (H.R.8201).to increase tJ;le tee on Naval Affairs. pension of Mrs. Helen A. Benton-to the Committee on Invalid Also, papers in support of bill for the relief of John ·H. Alex-· Pensions. . ander-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. McCALL of Tennessee: A bill (H.R.8202) fortherelief Also, paper in support of b~l for the relief of Samuel Webb of Thomas F. Lee-to the Committee on Claims. to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 8203) to remove th~ ?harge of ~esertion against By Mr. WILBER: Petition of citizens of the Twenty-first Con G. B. Gibson-to the Committee on Military Affairs. . gressional district of New York; also petition of citizens of By Mr. THOMAS: A bill (H. R. 8204) granting a penSion to Schenectady, N.Y.; also petition of citizens of Oneonta, N.Y., Ellen Charlton-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. in favor of the adoption of the ~etric sys~em of weights .and By Mr. TRACEY: A bill (H. R. 8205) fo! the :el~e! .of. Samuel measures-to the Committee on Comage, Weights, and Measm·es. Webb for medicines furnished Enrolled Missouri Militia m 1863- Also, petitions of F. E. Mungor, W. D. Davis, Adam D. Smith, to the'Committee on War Claims. and J. B. Hall, of the State of New York, for favorable action on By Mr. BULL: A bill (H. R. 8206) granting an increase of pen House bill No. 4566, to amend the postal laws relating to second sion to Mrs. Sarah C. Abbott, widow of Commander Trevett class matter-to the Committee Qn the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Abbott United States Navy-to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. LINTON: A bill (H. R. 8207) granting a pension to James McQuarter-to the Committee on ~nvalid Pensions. SENATE. PETITIONS, ETC. WEDNESDAY, Aprt1 15, 1896. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. . Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and. papers The Vice-President being absent, the President pro tempore took were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: the chair. By Mr. BARNEY: Petition of .c. C. Cole ~nd others! of the The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro Milwaukee National Home for DISabled Soldiers, favormg the ceedings, when, on motion of Mr. ALLEN, and by unanimous con passage of an act enabling any inmate of the Home to live w~th his family at a cost not to exceed the average expense of such m sent, the further reading was dispensed with. mate at the Home-to the Committee on Military Affairs. ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. By Mr. BINGHAM: Papers to accompany House bill for the The signature of the President pro tempore was announced to relief of J. T. Guerin-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. the following bills and joint resolutions, which had previously re By Mr. BRODERICK: Petition of A. A. Trocon and others, of ceived the signature of the Speaker of the Honse of Representa Leavenworth, Kans., in favor of the adoption ~f the metri~ sys ~oo: . tem of weights and measures-to the Committee on Coinage, A bill (S.100) for the relief of the estate of John R. Bigelow; Weights, and Measures. · A bill (S. 1203) granting an increase of pension to Mary Double By Mr. CLARDY: Papers to accompany House bill No. ~514, day, widow of Bvt. Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday; for the relief of James 0. Knox, of Nebo, Ky.-to the Committee A bill (S. 1317) to grant certain lands to the city of Colorado on War Claims. Springs, Colo.; By Mr. DINSMORE: Papers to accompany bill for the relief of A bill (S. 2141) to amend an act approved August 24, 1894, en Samuel Mayes, of Washington County, Ark.-to the Committee titled "An act to authorize purchasers of the property and fran on War Claims. chises of the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company to organize a By Mr. HARTMAN: Remonstrance of John Gray and44others; corporation and to confer upon the same all the powers, privi also of Charles F. Stuart and 21 other citizens, all of the State of leges, and franchises vested in that company"; Montana, against permitting the st_a~e of Pere M~rquette tore A joint resolution (S. R.104) directing the Secretary of War to main in Statuary Hall-to the Committee on the Library. transmit to Congress a report on survey of the waterway con By Mr. HENDERSON: Petition of A.M. Ch~mberlain and 95 necting the waters of Puget Sound at Salmon Bay with. Lakes other citizens of Blackhawk County, Iowa, praying for the enact Union and Washington, and to submit an estimate of the cost of ment of a law to prohibit-railroads from using cars without exten constructing said waterway; and sion or adjustable roof or some method to close the space between A joint resolution (S. R.123) directing the Secretary of War to the roofs of cars to prevent person.s falling between them-to th~ submit a plan and estimate for the improvement of the Nebraska Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. side of the Missouri River opposite Sioux City, Iowa. By Mr. HENRY of Indiana: Papers to accompany Honse bill No. 3400, appropriating money for sewer built by A. Bruner ad PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. jacent to United States arsenal at Indianapolis, Ind.-to the Com Mr. QUAY presented a memorial of 82 citizens of Hunting mittee on Claims. don County, Pa., and a memorial of 140 citizens of Newburg, By Mr. HULL: PapersrelatingtothecaseofWilliamL. Stone Pa., remonstrating against placing the statue of Pere Marquette to the Committee on Naval Affairs. in Statuary Hall; which were referred to the Committee on the By Mr. KIEFER: Petition. of 48 citizens .of St. Panl, ¥inn., Library. in favor of the passage of a bill for the adoption of the metnc sys Mr. FAULKNER presented the petition of W. R. Jewell and 70 tem-to the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. other citizens of Vandalia, W. Va., praying for the removal of By Mr. LINTON: Petitions and remonstrances of citizens of the st-atue of Pere Marquette from Statuary Hall; which was Scranton, Pa.; also of citizens of East Las Ve~as, N.Mex., pro referred to the Committee on the Library. testing against the statue of Marquette remaming in Statuary Mr. ALLEN (for Mr. THURSTON) presented resolutions adopt~d Hall-to the Committee on the Library. by the Nebraska Club~ in favor of the enactment of legislation By Mr. McCALL of Tennessee: Papers to accompany Honse requiring educational tests of immigrants; which were referred bill for the relief of Lamson Woods-to the Committee on Military to the Committee on Immigration. Affairs. He also (for Mr. THURSTON) presented a petition of Omaha Also, papers to accompany House bill for the relief of Thomas Lodge, No.1, United National Association of Stationary Engi F. Lee-to the Committee on Claims. neers, of Omaha, Nebr., praying for the reorganization of the By Mr. MILLER of West Virginia: Petition of J. H. Wagner Engineer Corps of the United States Navy; which was referred to and 18 others, of Millwood, W.Va., protesting against the statue the Committee on Naval Affairs. of Pere Marquette remaining inthe Capitol of the United States He also (for Mr. THURSTON) presented the petition of Leo Wolf to the Committee on the Library. son, secretary of the Board of Trade of Dallas, Tex., praying for By Mr. OTJEN: Petition of George P. Dra-yo and others, ?f the passage of the so-called Torrey bankruptcy bill; which was Milwaukee, Wis., in favor of bill for the adoption of the metric ordered to lie on the table.