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Mineral Resources Map for Durham and the Tees Valley

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Vein minerals 70 80 90 400 10 Coal Coalbed methane 400 450 Methane contained within coal seams is known as coalbed methane. 19 20 21 The area contains a major part of the Northern Pennine Orefield, which has had a TS Coal-bearing strata are principally confined to the Coal Measures of However, the gas content of the coal seams of the Durham coalfield long history of metal mining, notably for lead (galena - PbS), with associated STUBLICK FAUL Upper Coal 60 60 the Durham Coalfield. The exposed coalfield occupies a broad Measures and also in outlying areas of coal-bearing strata to the west, are too ENVIRONMENT by-product silver. Zinc (sphalerite - ZnS) has also been mined locally. In the post-War TRANSPORT outcrop from towards the coast. East of a line through Cambriense Marine Band low to be of interest for the production of coalbed methane. period the orefield has principally been a source of fluorspar (CaF2 ), unlikely tp be R EGIONS and Boldon and extending offshore, coal-bearing strata dip 5 5 resumed in the forseeable future. Barium minerals (baryte -BaSO and witherite - 50 50 4 beneath overlying Permian rocks to form the concealed coalfield. Principal Coal Hydrocarbons BaCO3 ) have also been produced locally and baryte continues to be produced from Resource the Closehouse openpit in . During the final years of deep mining, coal extraction was 15 exploration wells have been drilled in the area, 13 of which were Hebburn Fell 25 26 27 concentrated at a number of amalgamated coastal collieries in which Subsidiary Coal located on an anticline near . One borehole ( 1) DURHAM AND THE A notable characteristic of the orefield is the very well-marked zonal distribution of workings extended up to 5 km offshore. The last deep mine closed in Resource was tested for gas in the Magnesian Limestone, but found to be minerals, with fluorite being abundant in the centre of the orefield and barium 550 550 1993 and small-scale underground production ceased with the Middle Coal non-commercial. Only minor shows of oil and gas were recorded (comprising Co. Durham, , , Measures KIRKLEATHAM 2 CO.DURHAM minerals predominating in the outer more marginal zones. The most important ALLENHEADS elsewhere. However, gas has either been generated in the Durham 70 ALSTON White Vein closure of the Park Drift mine, near Willington in 1999. Future 0 metres HARTLEPOOL 70 Middlesbrough, Redcar & mineral deposits occur as veins which cut Carboniferous rocks and the Whin Sill Moorland and area, or has migrated into it. Current exploration activity REDCAR G1 1 commercial interest in the coalfield is likely to be confined to sites Maltby Marine Band (dolerite). Wall-rock lithology exerts a vital influence on vein width and productivity, indicates that the area is still considered prospective. PEDL 029 REDCAR G2 and Stockton-on-Tees) Greencleugh Vein suitable for opencast extraction. High Main Report 44 Report 99 with veins being typically wider and more productive in hard rocks, such as 100 ROC REDCAR G8 REDCAR G3 2 3 4 REDCAR G5 limestone, sandstone and the Whin Sill. The major vein structures, which have Red Vein REDCAR G9 31 32 34 A Summary of Mineral Resource Information Burtree The Durham Coalfield has been an important source of opencast 0 20 km REDCAR G7 supported fluorspar production in the past, are shown on the inset map. Any future NENTHEAD 8 Pastures Vein 5 REDCAR G10 REDCAR G6 DARLINGTON STOCKTON-ON- 6 coal, although output has declined in recent years. Opencast activity 200 BRAFFERTON 1 TEES interest in fluorspar depends upon identifying and accessing downwards extensions 9 7 KIRKLEATHAM 3 PEDL 002 REDCAR & for Development Plans 40 Sedling-Longsike Vein 40 Vanderbecki Marine Band Report 40 Report 111 is confined to the exposed Lower and Middle Coal Measures. The KIRKLEATHAM 1 ROC CLEVELAND of major orebodies and perhaps locating new orebodies in poorly exposed ground on 10 12 Hydrocarbon Well REDCAR G4 11 main concentration of coals of economic interest occur between the SCALING 1 Mineral Resources lateral extremities of major veins. Slitt Vein STANHOPE 300 MIDDLESBROUGH Bottom Marshall Green at the base and the High Main at the top and Lower Coal P ST JOHN’S CHAPEL Scale 1:100 000 E Measures Exposed Coal Measures N N this zone has been defined as the principal opencast coal resource 33 IN Marshall Green Former Fluorspar mines : E Slitt Vein 400 F area on the map. Locally a few thin seams have been worked below A B 40 41 42 U LT U Concealed Coal Measures Compiled by D.G. Cameron, D.J.D. Lawrence, K.A. Linley, D.E. Highley, R S the Bottom Marshall Green. The base of the overlying Permian rocks Subcrenatum Marine Band 1 Whiteheaps major fluorite-bearing veins T 5 5 R 00 00 E E.W. Johnson, B. Young and S. Holloway. 2 Frazer’s Hush major baryte-bearing veins E is taken as the upper limit of the opencast resource, although some 500 30 FO 30 Project Leader: D.E. Highley. 3 Groverake major structural features R coal has been recovered from the floors of large dolomite quarries. Petroleum Development and Exploration Licence 4 4 D PEDL 00 50 issued under the Petroleum (Production) Act 1934 4 Redburn D Planning Consultant, J.F. Cowley, Mineral & Resource Planning Associates. outer margin of fluorite zone IS The areas of former opencast coal sites mainly reflect the limits of (as at November, 1998) 5 Stotfield Burn inner margin of barium zone TU Millstone Grit R coal extraction, although in some cases they are site boundaries. No Digital cartography by S.E. Wood, British Geological Survey, Keyworth. 6 Stanhopeburn (where not coincident with B A 7 Crawleyside outer margin of fluorite) NC claim is made for the accuracy or completeness of this information. HYDROCARBON WELLS OF DURHAM AND TEESSIDE 8 Burtree Pasture E ALE FAULT county boundary LUNED More detailed information on specific sites may be obtained from the Production of this map was commissioned and funded by the 9 Sedling KIRKLEATHAM 1 KIRKLEATHAM 2 KIRKLEATHAM 3 Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions 10 Blackdene Closehouse Barytes Coal Authority or relevant Local Authority. Operator: D’Arcy Exploration Co Ltd Operator: D’Arcy Exploration Co Ltd Operator: D’Arcy Exploration Co Ltd 1:25 000 map published (Industrial Minerals (Contract MP0624). 11 Barbary 0510 km 20 20 Drilled: 26.06.1945 Drilled: 05.03.1946 Drilled: 19.03.1963 1:50 000 map published Assessment Sand and Resource Map) 12 Cambokeels 70 80 904 00 10 Terminal depth: 1138.7 m Total depth: 942.1 m Total depth: 675.7 m 60 Status: Produced 73,000 cubic feet/day gas Status: Plugged and abandoned with Status: Plugged and abandoned with Current digital availability of these sheets can be found at 60 from Permian Magnesian Limestone, 860 - 904 m. traces of oil at top of Carboniferous section. gas shows in Permian anhydrite. 1:63 360 map published the British Geological Survey website www.thebgs.co.uk SAND & GRAVEL Minor oil produced from 880 - 904 m. Penetrated: Lower Jurassic, Triassic, Permian Penetrated: Lower Jurassic, Triassic, Traces of gas in Carboniferous and Carboniferous Permian and Carboniferous or www.british-geological-survey.co.uk Superficial deposits Penetrated: Lias Triassic, Permian and Carboniferous SCALING 1 BRAFFERTON 1 River sand & gravel resources Operator: Shell Operator: Enterprise Oil plc Sand & Gravel Union Brickworks Drilled: 11.11.1987 Drilled: 23.05.1989 Coppy Sledge REDCAR G1-G10 Total depth: 2519 m Total depth: 1981.2 m Two main categories of sand & gravel are defined: Concealed river sand & gravel resources in assessed areas Hill (Sg) Clay Pit (Cl) Wood Operator: Anglo-American Oil Co True vertical depth: 2159 m Status: Plugged and abandoned dry (1) Superficial (drift) deposits, further subdivided into (a) river sand & gravel, (b) glacial sand & (Sg) Gravel Pit Drilled: 29.04.1939 - 13.07.1939 Status: Plugged and abandoned Tested: Upper (Millstone Grit) and (Hargreaves) (Sg) St Bedes (Cl) gravel, and (c) beach and blown sand deposits. Glacial sand & gravel resources Status: All holes plugged and abandoned, dry Tested: Jurassic, Triassic, Lower Carboniferous (2) Bedrock (solid) deposits represented here by the Basal Permian Sands. Tested: Lower Jurassic, Upper Triassic Permian, Carboniferous (Carboniferous Limestone)

Birtley Grange (Cl) Concealed glacial sand & gravel resources in assessed areas East Tanfield (Cl) Parts of the area assessed for sand and gravel by BGS are identified on the map. Resources shown here are taken from these maps where available. In these areas, the possible extent of glacial sand Blown sand and raised beach deposits Evaporites and gravel concealed beneath till is shown. These areas were defined by overburden to mineral ratios. High Handenhold (Sg) Outside these areas, available data are more limited. Only exposed sand and gravel is defined, Derwent Gypsum / Anhydrite although resources concealed beneath till may be extensive in some places. In addition, narrow Boundaries of areas assessed for sand & gravel Valley (Sst) (<200 m) spreads of alluvial deposits are mainly excluded from the map (unless associated with glacial at the indicated resource level Grange Villa (Sg) Roger Hill (Sg) Gypsum (CaSO42 .2H O) is formed by the hydration of anhydrite (CaSO4 ) at or near surface but sand and gravel) as their limited width is likely to preclude economic working. New Kyo Hett Lumley Brickworks (Cl) passes into anhydrite at depth. Anhydrite is, therefore, much more extensive than gypsum and Bedrock deposits Berry Bank (Charley Pit) (Cl) Hills (Sst) Wharnley Burn (Sg) occurs at several horizons within Permian strata in the east of the area. The most extensive is the Farm (Sg) 50 Outcrop of Basal Sands Permian Anhydrite, which is 4 to 7 m thick. It was formerly mined on a large scale at the Superficial deposits 50 Allenshields Billingham mine between 1925 and 1971 for the manufacture of ammonium sulphate and sulphuric Ganister (SiR) (SiR) (Cl) Colliery acid. The Hartlepool Anhydrite was also mined at Hartlepool between 1924 and 1930. Gypsum is Silica sand - Millstone Grit sandstone Upper Carboniferous (Cl) River sand & gravel Smithydene highly soluble and dissolves rapidly at or near surface and may give rise to subsidence problems. Drift (Vm, Co) As a result the presence of gypsum cannot be predicted with certainty at any one location. The Sandyford East These include post-glacial river terrace deposits, alluvial deposits and fluvioglacial deposits. Alluvial LIMESTONE (SiS, Sg) Murton conjectured outcrops of the Hartlepool and Billingham anhydrites are shown on the map. There has White Burn (SiR) deposits are developed along the major river valleys. They are widespread and well developed in the Malton Colliery been no significant gypsum production in the area. Heaps Dolomite Footbridge Plawsworth Tip (Sg) Tees Valley as far up as High Force, and are also relatively common in some of the larger tributaries Baxton Law (Sst) (Vm) David’s Town (SiS, Sst) (Sg) (Sg) such as the Greta. They also occur along the Wear in the central lowlands of the . Upper Magnesian Limestone High Potash Greencleugh Mine (Vm) Long Plantation (Sst) Hawthorn (Lst) Fluvioglacial Terraces are widespread in the Tees Valley and are also common in valleys now Newton Fallowfield Meadows Hetton-le-Hole abandoned by the main river. Deposits on the Wear, near , are more restricted in their Frazer’s Grove Mine (Vm) Edge Grange (Sg) Potash (sylvine, potassium chloride, KCl) resources of Upper Permian age underlie the extreme Permian Brickworks (Sg) (Lst) extent and are shallower. These deposits form the largest group of sands and found in the Middle Magnesian Limestone Puddingthorn (SiR) Waskerley (Sst) Sandy south-eastern part of the area. The resource comprises the Potash, which has an average Moor (SiR) Rookhope Head (Vm) (Cl) Pittington area. Dead Friars (Sst) Butsfield (SiR) Colliery Sandpit Bank thickness of some 7.5 m and occurs at depths of over 800 m. It is worked at the , Frazers Hush (Vm) Broomside (Sg) (Sg) which lies in the National Park. Mine workings extend into Redcar & Cleveland Lower Magnesian Limestone Hermitage Extension Holm Hawthorn Bridge (Lst) Rookhope Common (SiR) Woodburn (Sst) and offshore. The conjectured western limit of the Boulby Potash is shown on the mineral resources Glacial sand & gravel Carriers Hill Ganister (SiR) (Sg) Hill (Sg) Head tailings Redburn Mine (Vm) Drovers (Lst) Wolfcleugh Framwellgate Thorpe map. Limestone (Vm) Dursand (SiS) Roadside Old Groverake Mine (Vm) Boltsburn (Vm) (Sg) Durham (Sg) Glacial sand & gravel beds may be up to 30 m thick, but can disappear within a distance of a few Greenfield Mine (Vm) Weatherhill (SiR) Durham Road (Sg) Haswell Moor Tuthill Stotsfieldburn (Vm) Quickburn Fm (Lst) (Lst) Rock salt metres. Detailed surveys carried out in the south of the area revealed considerable thicknesses of Limestone Carboniferous Puddingthorn (Lst) Burtree Pasture (SiS) (Sg) (Lst) Cat Hallgarth glacial sand & gravel around Billingham, and Darlington. Other resources in County Durham Mine (Vm) Lintzgarth (SiR) (Sst) Crag Stanhope Houselop Fm (Sg) Thorpe Moor Sedling Mine (Vm) Burn Beck (SiS) Halite (sodium chloride, NaCl) or ’rock salt’ of Permian age underlies extensive parts of Teesside are in the vicinity of Chester-le-Street and Durham. However, the deposits in the central lowlands of (SiR) Middlehope Crime Rigg Shotton (Sg) Middlehope (Vm) IGNEOUS ROCK (Intrusive) Lanehead (Lst, Vm) Burn (Vm) Bewdley Redmires (SiR) Bridge Colliery and the major chemical industry in the area was originally developed on these large deposits. The the county may contain a significant proportion of fines and considerable portions of deleterious Sike (Vm) Heights Harrow Hope (Lst, Sg) Cows Hill (Vm) Plain North Moor Bounder House extension (Sg) Brickyard resource comprises the Boulby Halite Formation, which is up to 90 m thick in north-east coastal material, particularly coal. The intimate association of the sands and gravels with glacial clays and silts Dolerite (Whin Sill) Upper Carboniferous (Lst) (SiR) Bank Level (Vm) (SiS, Cl, Fr) Running Waters (Lst) (Cl) Sedling Plain (Lst) Slitt Pasture & Ashby (SiS) areas but thins gradually westward before dying out abruptly due to dissolution. The sub-surface within the complex drift sequence of central Durham makes it difficult to estimate resources. Deposits 40 West Blackdene (Vm) Bank (Lst) Old Cassop (Sg) extent of the Boulby Halite, and its conjectured western limit, is shown on the mineral resources are relatively small in upland areas to the west. 40 (Vm) Crawleyside Witch Hill (Lst) Heights (Vm, SiR) Baal Hill Armond map. Trace of solid resource underneath superficial deposits Opencut Greenfoot (SiR) Carr (SiS) White Hills (Lst) (Vm) Roundhill (SiR) Viewly Hill Mornington Beach and blown sand Scutterhill Long Lea (Vm) (Ig, Vm) Side Head (Sg, SiS) Bridge (Sg) Salt is extracted by controlled brine pumping to the west of Seal Sands at depths of over 300 m. EVAPORITES (Lst) (Lst) Intake (SiR) Old Quarrington Hagg Gate Rogerley Broadwood Cavities of controlled size and shape are created to maintain the stability of the overlying strata. Beach deposits are found along the length of Durham coasts and are often backed by sand dunes. West Blackdene & Thistlewood Potash Cambokeels Park (SiR) (Vm) (Lst) (Lst, Sg) Wingate (Lst) About 25 per cent of the workable reserve is removed. The brine is used as a feedstock for the Newhouse (Vm) House (Sst) Heatherley The sand dunes are rarely worked because of conservation considerations. The area of beach worked (Vm) Parson HA manufacture of chlorine by electrolysis, caustic soda (NaOH) being an important by-product. Rock (Vm) Clough usually lies between low water mark to within about 20 m of the dunes. Approximate western limit of Boulby Potash Byers (Lst) (Sg) Dowfold (Sst) Tursdale salt is produced at the Boulby potash mine for use in de-icing roads. The salt is obtained from the Harthope Harehope (Lst) (SiS, SAgg) Raisby West (SiR) Newlandside Craig Lea (Cl) Brickworks development of major roadways in the Boulby Halite which lies below the potash bed. North Bishopley (Cl) (Lst) Eastgate (Lst) (Lst) Thornley High Cold Page Bank 1 (Lst) Salt Bishopley Extension (Lst) (SiS) (Sg) Harthopeburn (Lst, Cl) Knitsley Knott (Cl) White Bedrock deposits Page Bank 2 Clarence Fm Warren Cement Works Mine (An) (SiR) Bishopley (Lst) (SiR, Sg) Hurworth (Sg) (Sg) Extension (Cl) Approximate western limit of Boulby Halite Bollihope Bollihope (Lst) (Lst, Vm) McNeil The Permian Basal Sands crop out intermittently along the base of the Magnesian Limestone Bottoms Jubilee (Cobey Carr) (Sg) Bollihope Howden Burn Hart (Lst, Cl) escarpment and dip to the east beneath the limestone. They consist mainly of weakly cemented, Gypsum/Anhydrite Common (Lst) Doctors Gate (Sg) (SiR) Knitsley Newfield (Sg) (Lst) yellow, fine- to medium-grained, well-sorted sands of wind blown origin. They comprise a resource of (SiR) Fell (SiR) Conjectured western limit of Billingham Anhydrite (BA) The Challies (Sg) Long Lane (Cl) Thrislington fine aggregate and are mainly worked as a source of building sand, with some also being used as North Wiregill (Vm) asphalting sand. and Hartlepool Anhydrite (HA) Beechburn (Sg) (Lst, Sg) Harthope Head The Batts Hall Heads (Lst, Sst) (Sst/SIR) (Sg) Todhills Rough (Lst) Major fault bounding evaporite deposits Sharnberry Witton Ferryhill (Cl) Station (Sg) Furze Cow Green Mine (Vm) Park (Sg) Howle Hope Fm (Sg) Mine (Vm) (Lst) John O’Tooles Chilton (Sg) VEIN MINERALS Ettersgill (Lst) Holme (Lst) Ryal Fm (Sg) 30 Force Garth 2 (Ig) House 30 Fluorspar : Major fluorite-bearing veins Coldberry Fm (Sg) Heaps (Sg) (Vm) Gipsy Lane (Sg) Green Knowles Bowlees St Helen’s Barytes : Major baryte-bearing veins Bradbury (Sg) Claxton Hartlepool (North Gare) (Sg) (Lst) Stable Brickworks Tees Road (Cl) Green (Lst) (Cl) (Sg) Grange (Sg) Seaton COAL Eldon Meadows Landfill Force Middleside Skears Sedgefield Brickworks Site (Cl) Areas of shallow coal Garth 1 (Ig) (Lst) (Lst) (Sg) (Cl) Seaton-on-Tees Channel (Sg) Principal resource area - Eldon thick, closely spaced coals Deep Greatham Coal Measures Park End (Co) Eden Pit Ricknall Creek (Na) Channel (Sg) Subsidiary resource area - (Ig) (Lst) Thorpe Thewles Greatham Grange Moordale Brickworks (Cl) widely spaced coals Crossthwaite (Sg) Bottom (Sg) (Sg) Seal Sands Old Saltholme (Ig) Cockfield (Ig) Gravel Hole Brinefield Hummerbeck Towns Fm (Cl) Opencast coal: Worked area Bridge (Sg) Stillington Junction Fm (Sg) Middleton (Sg) Hill Top (Lst) Aycliffe (Sg) (Na) (Ig) (Co, Fr) East Saltholme Brinefield Aycliffe East (Lst) Fm (Sg) No 4 (Na) Huntcliff COAL LICENCE AREAS (as at 01.08.00) Closehouse (Vm) Bolam West Mine (Istn) (Sharpley) (Ig) (Lst) Tees Wharf Source: The Coal Authority Hayberries (MSg) Brine Well (Sg) West Home Old Craggs Hall Mine (Istn) Stillington L2 (Na) Selset (Lst) Fm (Sg) Stonecourt Fm Brine Windy Hill (Sst) (Sg) Opencast coal site Bishopton Grange (Sg) (Sg) Well L3 (Na) Billingham Cliff Loftus North Mine (Istn) Town Fm (Sg) Anhydrite Dock Point Grangetown Hobb Hill Mine Shipley Banks (Sst) Brine Well Brine Well ICI Borrow Pit (Cl) Mine (Istn) Mine (An) Mine (Istn) (Istn) MINERAL PLANNING PERMISSIONS (as at 01.01.00) Bishopton (Sg) (Na) L1 (Na) Slag (SAgg) Mine (Istn) 20 Source: Mineral Planning Authorities Longacres Mine (Istn) 20 Lunehead (Vm) Whiley Hill HA Loftus Mine, Sand Pit (Sg) Cochranes Kirkleatham North Drift (Istn) Dunhouse (Sst) Long Hill BA Pitfield Fm Wharf (MSg) Mine (Istn) Lumpsey Mine (Istn) Surface planning permission (valid and expired) Borrow Pit Skelton Park Copshaw Hill (Sg) Saltwells Industrial Tocketts Whitecliff Boulby Ironstone Stainton (Sst) (Sg) Estate Brine Well (Na) Mine (Istn) Mine (Istn) North Mine (Istn) Boulby Potash Mine (K, Na) Borrow Pit Chaloner Mine (Istn) Mine (Istn) Mine (Istn) Cleveland Skelton Mine Underground planning permission for minerals other than coal (valid and expired) Mine (Istn) South Stob (Cl) Wharf (MSg) Normanby Upsall Mine Waterfall Mine (Istn) (Istn) Grinkle Mine (Istn) Mine (Istn) Skelton Elly Hill Fm Mine (Istn) (Istn) Skelton Mine Catcastle (Sst) (Sg, Cl) Crowell Pit (Istn) Mine (Istn) Upper Weardale & Rookhope blanket consent for underground vein minerals Mine (Istn) Mine (Istn) (Istn) Mine (Istn) Mine (Istn) Kilton Borrow Pit Ladgate Rock Hole Quarry (Cl) Lane (Sg) Mine MINERAL WORKINGS East of High Spawood (Istn) Jubilee (Sg) Coniscliffe (Sg) McMullen Mine (Istn) Spa Mine Aysdalegate Hulands (Lst) Road (Cl) (Istn) Mine (Istn) Thrislington Active site (Sg) Brickworks Belmont Old Morton Palms Fm (Cl) (Cl, Ig) Stainton (Ig) Belmont Mine (Istn) Slapewath Kilmondwood (Sg) Mine Inactive, worked-out (Lst) Mines (Istn) Bowlees Foster House Fm Hutton Mine (Istn) and/or restored site Creebeck Borrow Pit (Cl) (Istn) Fm (Cl) Planning Permission undefined HA Skipbridge Nunthorpe (Ig) Brickworks Active underground mine site Blackwell (Sg) (Cl) Brine pumping area Hurworth Brickworks (Cl) Active wharf 10 BA 10 MINERAL COMMODITY An Anhydrite K Potash SiR Silica rock / ganister Brickworks (Cl) Dalton Batts (Sg) Cl Common clay & shale Lst Limestone, including dolomite SiS Silica sand Co Coal MSg Marine sand & gravel Sst Sandstone Fr Fireclay Na Salt Vm Vein minerals Ig Igneous rock SAgg Secondary aggregates Istn Iron ore Sg Sand & gravel Igneous rock Limestone and dolomite Building stone Clay and shale, including fireclay ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGNATIONS Igneous rock resources are confined to the The limestone and dolomite resources of the area are divided into two categories: Permian dolomites and Sandstones of Carboniferous age, primarily the Stainmore Group (Millstone Grit - Namurian) and Coal Measures mudstones are the principal brick clay resource in Durham and are worked at limestones, which provide the bulk of production, and Carboniferous limestones. The Permian Magnesian the Coal Measures (Westphalian) are the principal building stone resource in County Durham and two sites near Bishop Auckland for facing brick manufacture. Coal Measures mudstones are AIMS AND LIMITATIONS Topography reproduced from the OS map by British Geological Survey with the permission of North York Moors National Park (part) Whin Sill which is intruded into Carboniferous Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, © Crown copyright. strata and is an important resource of crushed Limestone occurs in the east of the area and has traditionally been divided into the Lower, Middle and Upper the Tees Valley area. They satisfy the accepted criteria for building stone use such as strength and widespread in the Durham Coalfield but those that meet the requirements of the brick industry All rights reserved. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution rock aggregate in northern . However, Magnesian Limestone. These sub-divisions are shown on the map, although a revised nomenclature now also frost resistance (low porosity), durability and hardness (well cemented and resistant mineral are likely to have a more restricted distribution because of the need for clays with consistent The purpose of the maps and associated reports in this series is to show the broad distribution of those mineral resources which may be of current or potential economic interest or civil proceedings. Licence number: GD272191/2000 Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty : North Pennines (part) framework), size of block, based on thickness of the bed, and aesthetic qualities such as colour and to relate these to selected nationally-recognised planning designations. The maps are intended to assist in the consideration and preparation of development plan policies in in Durham it is currently worked at only one exists. The Magnesian Limestone is highly variable, both regionally and locally, in its physical, mechanical and forming and firing properties and low levels of impurities such as carbon and sulphur. Glacial respect of mineral extraction and the protection of important mineral resources against sterilisation. They bring together a wide range of information, much of which is scattered and Administrative boundaries are reproduced with permission from Ordnance Survey Boundary Line. location near Middleton-in- as a chemical properties. It is inferior to Carboniferous limestones as a source of aggregate, because of its variable and texture. lake clays are also worked near Chester-le-Street for facing brick manufacture at a plant just not always available in a convenient form. Licence number GD272671 Site of Special Scientific Interest source of high specification roadstone and for character, lower strength and higher porosity. The Lower Magnesian Limestone, which forms a prominent scarp outside the area. Demand for stone is currently concentrating on sandstones of uniform colour (buff, pale yellow and The maps have been produced by collation and interpretation of mineral resource data principally held by the British Geological Survey. Information on the extent of mineral Digital SSSI and NNR boundaries © English Nature 1999 concrete aggregate. The Whin Sill is a sheet along its western outcrop, accounts for most of the production. It is mainly used as a source of aggregate and grey) and fine- to medium- grain-size. Coarser granular and pebbly sandstones or gritstones, which planning permissions has been obtained form the relevant Mineral Planning Authority (MPA). Some of these permissions may have lapsed or expired. The status of individual areas National Nature Reserve intrusion composed of a hard dolerite. It is up agricultural lime, but it is also the most important source of industrial grade dolomite in Britain. Calcined dolomite Fireclays typically occur beneath coal seams and resources are confined to coal-bearing strata. Positions of Scheduled Monuments at 1st April 1996 as supplied by English Heritage. were once widely used, are now generally less commonly worked. As the stone quarries are often can be ascertained from the appropriate MPA. Location information on national planning designations has been obtained from the appropriate statutory body (Countryside Agency, The majority of monuments are plotted using a centred NGR symbol. Consequently the actual area 5 000 produced at the large Thrislington Quarry provides a primary feedstock for the seawater magnesia plant at The close association of fireclay and coal means that opencast coal sites provide one of the few English Nature and English Heritage). For further information the relevant body should be contacted. 5 000 00 to about 80 m thick in Upper Teesdale: small the extent of the resource is not shown on the map. Despite this, the quarries are and/or length of a monument protected by the legal constraints of scheduling cannot be represented 00 elsewhere it averages around 30 m in Hartlepool and is used as a flux in steelmaking. viable sources of the clay. Resources are, therefore, coincident with opencast coal resources. here. Monuments scheduled since that date are not accounted for. Scheduled Monument commercially important and their products are widely used in the north-east and also exported The mineral resource data presented are based on the best available information, but are not comprehensive and their quality is variable. The inferred boundaries shown are, thickness. A number of narrow vein-like further afield, particularly to cities and towns elsewhere in England and Scotland. Quarrying has Fireclays were originally valued as a refractory raw material, but demand for this use has therefore, approximate. Mineral resources defined on the map delineate areas within which potentially workable minerals may occur. These areas are not of uniform potential and Digital AONB boundaries © Countryside Commission 1986 (now Countryside Agency) intrusions (dykes), both associated with the Carboniferous limestones are numerous but occur in a mixed sequence of limestone, mudstone and sandstone been carried out since at least the 12th Century, for example blocks can be seen in Durham declined markedly. However, some fireclays with relatively low iron contents compared to other also take no account of planning constraints that may limit their working. The economic potential of specific sites can only be proved by a detailed evaluation programme. Such an ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS © Crown Copyright 2000 Whin Sill, and of more recent age, also occur beds (the so-called ıYoredale facies` ). The limestones are usually less than 10 m thick and are, therefore, too Cathedral and Castle. Production reached a peak in the 19th to the early part of the 20th centuries. brickmaking clays are now valued for the production of buff-coloured facing bricks and pavers. investigation is a essential precursor to submitting a planning application for mineral working. Extensive areas are shown as having no mineral resource potential, but some isolated Copyright in the typographical arrangement and design vests in the Crown. in the area. Although they have been worked in thin to support a modern quarrying operation. Consequently they have been excluded from the mineral resources Demand is rising as natural stone is specified, mainly on aesthetic grounds, for new buildings in the They are often blended with red-firing brick clays to give a range of colours. The Durham mineral workings may occur in these areas. The presence of these operations generally reflect very local or specific situations which are referred to in the accompanying report. Mineral Planning Authority Published for the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions the past they are too narrow to support map. The main exception is the Great Limestone which is sufficiently thick (20 m), extensive and consistent in area. Sandstones from quarries in the Stainmore Group such as Dunhouse, Shipley Bank and Coalfield has been an important source of fireclay both for use in local brick factories and The maps are intended for general consideration of mineral issues and not as a source of detailed information on specific sites. The maps should not be used to determine under licence from the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. District modern quarrying operations and are not quality to form a workable resource. It is worked at five quarries in Weardale, Teesdale and near for Stainton, are the most important sources, but sandstone is also obtained from quarries in the Coal elsewhere. Production is largely dependent on the level of opencast activity which has been individual planning applications or in taking other decisions on the acquisition or use of a particular piece of land, although they may give useful background information which sets shown on the map. aggregates and cement manufacture. Measures at Quickburn. declining in recent years with a resultant decrease in the supply of fireclay. a specific proposal within context. Applications for reproduction should be made to The Copyright Unit, Office of Public Services, 96 Her Majesty's Stationery Office, St Clements House, 1-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ. 96

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