Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better a Large-Scale Study of Middle Grades Practices and Student Outcomes

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better a Large-Scale Study of Middle Grades Practices and Student Outcomes TECHNICAL APPENDIX D • FEBRUARY 2010 Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better A Large-Scale Study of Middle Grades Practices and Student Outcomes 520 San Antonio Rd, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94040-1217 | 650/917-9481 Fax: 650/917-9482 | [email protected] www.edsource.org | www.ed-data.org Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better TECHNICAL APPENDIX D TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE APPENDIX D – FULL RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... D FULL RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................................... 1 Appendix D• Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better © EdSource, Inc. 2010 Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better APPENDIX D – Full Research Bibliography This appendix contains the full bibliography of all research and policy documents consulted during the development of the ten research domains and three survey instruments for this study, and during the subsequent conduct of the study. Appendix D• Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better © EdSource, Inc. 2010 Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better Appendix D - Full research bibliography Abbott, C., & Ganahl, J. (2008). Taking center stage—Act II: Building effective programs for English learners in the middle grades. Webinar presented October 30, 2008. SchoolsMovingUp, WestEd. http://www.schoolsmovingup.net/ Abelmann, C., & Elmore, R.F. (1999). When accountability knocks, will anyone answer? Philadelphia, PA: Consortium for Policy Research in Education. ACT. (2008). The forgotten middle: Ensuring that all students are on target for college and career readiness before high school. Iowa City, IA. Allensworth, E.M., & Easton, J.Q. (2005). The on-track indicator as a predictor of high school graduation. Chicago, IL: Consortium on Chicago School Research at the University of Chicago. Allensworth, E.M., & Easton, J.Q. (2007). What matters for staying on-track and graduating in Chicago public high schools: A close look at course grades, failures, and attendance in the freshman year. Chicago, IL: Consortium on Chicago School Research at the University of Chicago. Allensworth, E.M., Nomi, T., et al. (2009). College preparatory curriculum for all: Academic consequences of requiring Algebra and English I for ninth graders in Chicago. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 31(3), 367–391. Alliance for Excellent Education. (2004a). How to know a good adolescent literacy program when you see one: Quality criteria to consider. Issue brief. Washington, DC. Alliance for Excellent Education. (2004b). Reading for the 21st century: Adolescent literacy teaching and learning strategies. Issue brief. Washington, DC. Alliance for Excellent Education. (2006). Reading and writing in academic content areas. Issue brief. Washington, DC. Alspaugh, J.W. (1998a). Achievement loss associated with the transition to middle school and high school. Journal of Educational Research 92(1), 20–25. Alspaugh, J.W. (1998b). The relationship of school-to-school transitions and school size to high school dropout rates. High School Journal 81(3), 154–164. Alt, M.N., & Hammer, C.H. (2000). In the middle: Characteristics of public schools with a focus on middle schools. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. American Federation of Teachers. (2008). Sizing up state standards 2008. Washington, DC. Anderson, E., & Newell, M. (2008). Course placement of students entering middle school proficient in math. Policy brief. Long Beach, CA: Office of Research, Planning and Evaluation, Long Beach Unified School District. Armstrong, J., & Anthes, K. (2001). Identifying the factors, conditions and policies that support schools’ use of data for decision-making and school improvement. Denver, CO: Education Commission of the States. Augustine, C.H., Gonzalez, G., et al. (2009). Improving school leadership: The promise of cohesive leadership systems. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. Balfanz, R. (2009). Putting middle grades students on the graduation path: A policy and practice brief. Westerville, OH: National Middle School Association. Balfanz, R., & Byrnes, V. (2006). Closing the mathematics achievement gap in high-poverty middle schools: Enablers and constraints. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk 11(2), 143–159. Appendix D1• Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better ©EdSource, Inc. 2010 Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better Balfanz, R., Herzog, L., et al. (2007). Preventing student disengagement and keeping students on the graduation path in urban middle grades schools: Early identification and effective interventions. Educational Psychologist 42(4), 223–235. Balfanz, R., McPartland, J., et al. (2002). Re-conceptualizing extra help for high school students in a high-standards era. Prepared for the Office of Vocational and Adult Education, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC. Balfanz, R., Ruby, A., et al. (2004). Essential components and next steps for comprehensive whole school reform in high poverty middle schools. Yearbook for the National Society for the Study of Education 101(2), 128–147. Balfanz, R., Spiridakis, K., et al. (2002). Will converting high-poverty middle schools to K–8 schools facilitate achievement gains? A research brief for the School District of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Education Fund. Beane, J. A. (2002). Curriculum matters: Organizing the middle school curriculum. Westerville, OH: National Middle School Association. Bedard, K., & Do, C. (2005). Are middle schools more effective? The impact of school structure on student outcomes. Journal of Human Resources 40(3), 660–682. Behn, R.D. (2003). Rethinking accountability in education: How should who hold whom accountable for what? International Public Management Journal 6(1), 43–73. Biancarosa, C., & Snow, C.E. (2006). Reading next—A vision for action and research in middle and high school literacy: A report to the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Second edition. Washington, D.C: Alliance for Excellent Education. Bottoms, G., Cooney, S., et al. (2003). Improving the middle grades: Actions that can be taken now. Atlanta, GA: Southern Regional Education Board. Bottoms, G., Cooney, S. et al. (2007). We know what works in the middle grades: Smart district leadership can make it happen. Atlanta, GA: Southern Regional Education Board. Brown, C.G. (2002). Opportunities and accountability to leave no child behind in the middle grades: An examination of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. New York, NY: Edna McConnell Clark Foundation. Burris, C.C., Heubert, J.P., et al. (2006). Accelerating mathematics achievement using heterogeneous grouping. American Educational Research Journal 43(1), 137–154. Byrnes, V., & Ruby, A. (2007). Comparing achievement between K–8 and middle schools: A large-scale empirical study. American Journal of Education 114(1), 101–135. California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. (2008a). Assignment monitoring of certificated employees in California by county offices of education 2003-2007, A Report to the Legislature. Sacramento, CA. California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. (2008b). Professional Services Committee—Authorizations to Teach Mathematics (Item 2D), October 2008. Sacramento, CA. California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. (2008c). Professional Services Committee—The Mathematics Specialist Credential: Discussion of Current Authorization, Adopted Standards, and Possible Future Uses of this Authorization (Item 3G), December 2008. Sacramento, CA. California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. (2009a). Professional Services Committee—Authorizations for Teaching Mathematics (Item 3E), January 2009. Sacramento, CA. California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. (2009b). Professional Services Committee—Subject Matter Competence of Teachers of Mathematics (Item 3E), April 2009. Sacramento, CA. Appendix D2• Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better ©EdSource, Inc. 2010 Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. (2009c). Professional Services Committee—Update on the Work of the Teaching Mathematics Advisory Panel (Item 3F), December 2009. Sacramento, CA. California Council on Science and Technology & Center for the Future of Teaching and Learning. (2007). Critical path analysis of California's science and mathematics teacher preparation system. Sacramento, CA: California Council of Science and Technology. California Department of Education. (1997a). English-language arts content standards for California public schools: Kindergarten through grade twelve. Adopted by the California State Board of Education, December 1997. Sacramento, CA. California Department of Education. (1997b). Mathematics content standards for California public schools: Kindergarten through grade twelve. Adopted by the California State Board of Education, December 1997. Sacramento, CA. California Department of Education. (2001a). Adopted programs mathematics 2001 primary adoption. Sacramento, CA. http://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/ma/im/math2001adopted.asp California Department of Education. (2001b). Taking center stage: A commitment to standards-based education for California’s middle grades students. Sacramento, CA. California
Recommended publications
  • Representations of Education in HBO's the Wire, Season 4
    Teacher EducationJames Quarterly, Trier Spring 2010 Representations of Education in HBO’s The Wire, Season 4 By James Trier The Wire is a crime drama that aired for five seasons on the Home Box Of- fice (HBO) cable channel from 2002-2008. The entire series is set in Baltimore, Maryland, and as Kinder (2008) points out, “Each season The Wire shifts focus to a different segment of society: the drug wars, the docks, city politics, education, and the media” (p. 52). The series explores, in Lanahan’s (2008) words, an increasingly brutal and coarse society through the prism of Baltimore, whose postindustrial capitalism has decimated the working-class wage and sharply divided the haves and have-nots. The city’s bloated bureaucracies sustain the inequality. The absence of a decent public-school education or meaningful political reform leaves an unskilled underclass trapped between a rampant illegal drug economy and a vicious “war on drugs.” (p. 24) My main purpose in this article is to introduce season four of The Wire—the “education” season—to readers who have either never seen any of the series, or who have seen some of it but James Trier is an not season four. Specifically, I will attempt to show associate professor in the that season four holds great pedagogical potential for School of Education at academics in education.1 First, though, I will present the University of North examples of the critical acclaim that The Wire received Carolina at Chapel throughout its run, and I will introduce the backgrounds Hill, Chapel Hill, North of the creators and main writers of the series, David Carolina.
    [Show full text]
  • THE WIRE & the MYTHOLOGY of the WESTERN a Thesis Submitted
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Saskatchewan's Research Archive THE WIRE & THE MYTHOLOGY OF THE WESTERN A Thesis submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts In the Department of English University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By KELSEY TOPOLA © Copyright Kelsey Topola, December, 2013. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis/dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis/ dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis/dissertation work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis/dissertation or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis/dissertation. DISCLAIMER Reference in this thesis/dissertation to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the University of Saskatchewan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wire the Complete Guide
    The Wire The Complete Guide PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Tue, 29 Jan 2013 02:03:03 UTC Contents Articles Overview 1 The Wire 1 David Simon 24 Writers and directors 36 Awards and nominations 38 Seasons and episodes 42 List of The Wire episodes 42 Season 1 46 Season 2 54 Season 3 61 Season 4 70 Season 5 79 Characters 86 List of The Wire characters 86 Police 95 Police of The Wire 95 Jimmy McNulty 118 Kima Greggs 124 Bunk Moreland 128 Lester Freamon 131 Herc Hauk 135 Roland Pryzbylewski 138 Ellis Carver 141 Leander Sydnor 145 Beadie Russell 147 Cedric Daniels 150 William Rawls 156 Ervin Burrell 160 Stanislaus Valchek 165 Jay Landsman 168 Law enforcement 172 Law enforcement characters of The Wire 172 Rhonda Pearlman 178 Maurice Levy 181 Street-level characters 184 Street-level characters of The Wire 184 Omar Little 190 Bubbles 196 Dennis "Cutty" Wise 199 Stringer Bell 202 Avon Barksdale 206 Marlo Stanfield 212 Proposition Joe 218 Spiros Vondas 222 The Greek 224 Chris Partlow 226 Snoop (The Wire) 230 Wee-Bey Brice 232 Bodie Broadus 235 Poot Carr 239 D'Angelo Barksdale 242 Cheese Wagstaff 245 Wallace 247 Docks 249 Characters from the docks of The Wire 249 Frank Sobotka 254 Nick Sobotka 256 Ziggy Sobotka 258 Sergei Malatov 261 Politicians 263 Politicians of The Wire 263 Tommy Carcetti 271 Clarence Royce 275 Clay Davis 279 Norman Wilson 282 School 284 School system of The Wire 284 Howard "Bunny" Colvin 290 Michael Lee 293 Duquan "Dukie" Weems 296 Namond Brice 298 Randy Wagstaff 301 Journalists 304 Journalists of The Wire 304 Augustus Haynes 309 Scott Templeton 312 Alma Gutierrez 315 Miscellany 317 And All the Pieces Matter — Five Years of Music from The Wire 317 References Article Sources and Contributors 320 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 324 Article Licenses License 325 1 Overview The Wire The Wire Second season intertitle Genre Crime drama Format Serial drama Created by David Simon Starring Dominic West John Doman Idris Elba Frankie Faison Larry Gilliard, Jr.
    [Show full text]
  • Best Practices for Leading a Transition to Standards-Based Grading in Secondary Schools Alexander Bruce Carter Walden University
    Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2016 Best Practices for Leading a Transition to Standards-Based Grading in Secondary Schools Alexander Bruce Carter Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Educational Administration and Supervision Commons, and the Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University COLLEGE OF EDUCATION This is to certify that the doctoral study by Alexander Bruce Carter has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Donna Graham, Committee Chairperson, Education Faculty Dr. Don Jones, Committee Member, Education Faculty Dr. Karen Hunt, University Reviewer, Education Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2016 Abstract Best Practices for Leading a Transition to Standards-Based Grading in Secondary Schools by Alexander B. Carter MEd, University of Virginia, 2002 BA, James Madison University, 1994 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University February 2016 Abstract Educational policy researchers have concluded that if U.S. schools transition from the traditional model of grading and reporting to a uniform standards-based grading and reporting model, students would benefit academically.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Full PDF Here
    Table of Contents Introduction � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3 I. A Travesty of Due Process � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 8 A. Due Process Violations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9 B. Suppression of Exculpatory Evidence � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10 C. Denial of Presumption of Innocence � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17 D. Prosecution Based on Incomplete Investigation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 19 E. Falsification of Testimony � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20 F. Irregular and Incomplete Access to Cell Phone, Other Devices, and Electronic Data � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 21 II. The False Mythology of the GAIPE Report � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 25 A. Failure to Meet Lund-London Guidelines � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27 B. Unsupported Claims � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 28 III. The True Face of COPINH � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 29 A. Early History and Rebranding � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 29 B. COPINH’s Radical Means and Rhetoric � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
    [Show full text]
  • Second Chances in the Wire: Perspectives from Psychology and the Judiciary
    University of Chicago Legal Forum Volume 2018 Article 9 2019 Second Chances in The irW e: Perspectives from Psychology and the Judiciary Rebecca R. Pallmeyer Dan P. McAdams Follow this and additional works at: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf Recommended Citation Pallmeyer, Rebecca R. and McAdams, Dan P. (2019) "Second Chances in The irW e: Perspectives from Psychology and the Judiciary," University of Chicago Legal Forum: Vol. 2018 , Article 9. Available at: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol2018/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Chicago Legal Forum by an authorized editor of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Second Chances in The Wire: Perspectives from Psychology and the Judiciary The Hon. Rebecca R. Pallmeyer† & Dan P. McAdams†† ABSTRACT Playing off a scene in The Wire wherein prison inmates discuss whether Ameri- can lives have “second acts,” this essay considers psychological and legal issues at play in people’s efforts to turn their lives around, from bad to good. In the first half of the essay, a professor of psychology discusses empirical research into re- demptive life stories in which people find positive meaning in suffering and/or transform their lives from failure to relative success. While examples of redemp- tive life stories may be found in The Wire, making good on second chances seems to be a relatively rare occurrence. In the second half, a federal judge considers the issue of second chances in the American legal system, focusing on the issue of sen- tencing.
    [Show full text]
  • Drug Markets, Fringe Markets, and the Lessons of Hamsterdam Lance Mcmillian
    Washington and Lee Law Review Volume 69 | Issue 2 Article 11 Spring 3-1-2012 Drug Markets, Fringe Markets, and the Lessons of Hamsterdam Lance McMillian Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr Part of the Commercial Law Commons Recommended Citation Lance McMillian, Drug Markets, Fringe Markets, and the Lessons of Hamsterdam, 69 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 849 (2012), https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr/vol69/iss2/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington and Lee Law Review at Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington and Lee Law Review by an authorized editor of Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Drug Markets, Fringe Markets, and the Lessons of Hamsterdam Lance McMillian* Abstract The Wire is the greatest television series of all-time. Not only that, it is the most important. One of the most memorable story arcs from The Wire’s five seasons is the rise and fall of Hamsterdam—a quasi-legalized drug zone in West Baltimore. Stories are powerful teaching tools because they marry information and context. By seeing how the application of law affects characters we know and care about, we become more attune to the potential effects of legal decisions in the real world. The story of Hamsterdam—which is essentially an attempt to transform a black market into a fringe market—presents just such an opportunity. When considering the various dimensions of the fringe economy, life in Hamsterdam imparts three critical insights: (1) Markets arise wherever there exists market demand.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovering Moral Imagination Along the Wire. (2014)
    SOLÉR, MICHELLE LOWE, Ph.D. All the Pieces Matter: Discovering Moral Imagination Along The Wire. (2014). Directed by Dr. Svi Shapiro. 304 pp. This dissertation is an investigation into the tool of moral imagination in the service of social justice. Supported by the philosophies of David Purpel, Maxine Greene, and John Dewey, this analysis is engaged through six themes examined through the text of David Simon’s series, The Wire. These themes supply a foundation for how we might more thoroughly engage with moral imagination on a daily basis because there is a crisis in our culture around how we value the lives of all people. Themes presented in this discussion are: (1) The idea that everybody matters; (2) A changing notion of truth; (3) Thoughtlessness and banality; (4) Wide-awakeness and not taking things for granted; (5) Asking critical questions; and lastly, (6) People claiming responsibility. Applying these themes to specific textual examples excerpted from a dramatized television serial creates a space to discuss prophetic in- betweenness to interrogate and examine situations of systemic dysfunction and economic injustice outside of a fictional space. ALL THE PIECES MATTER: DISCOVERING MORAL IMAGINATION ALONG THE WIRE by Michelle Lowe Solér A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Greensboro 2014 Approved by ____________________________ Committee Chair 2014 Michelle Lowe Solér APPROVAL PAGE This dissertation written by Michelle Lowe Solér has been approved by the following committee of the Faculty of the Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
    [Show full text]
  • I:\28531 Ind Law Rev 46-2\46Masthead.Wpd
    THE WIRE AND ALTERNATIVE STORIES OF LAW AND INEQUALITY ROBERT C. POWER* INTRODUCTION The Wire was a dramatic television series that examined the connections among crime, law enforcement, government, and business in contemporary Baltimore, Maryland.1 It was among the most critically praised television series of all time2 and continues to garner substantial academic attention in the form of scholarly articles,3 academic conferences,4 and university courses.5 One aspect * Professor, Widener University School of Law. A.B., Brown University; J.D., Northwestern University Law School. Professor Power thanks Alexander Meiklejohn and John Dernbach for their comments on an earlier draft of this Article. He also thanks Lucas Csovelak, Andrea Nappi, Gabor Ovari, Ed Sonnenberg, and Brent Johnson for research assistance. 1. Substantial information about the series is available at HBO.COM, http://www.hbo.com/ the-wire/episodes#/the-wire/index.html [hereinafter Wire HBO site]. This site contains detailed summaries of each episode. Subsequent references to specific episodes in this Article refer to the season, followed by the number of the episode counting from the beginning of season one, and then the name of the episode. For example, the first episode of season four, which introduces the four boys who serve as protagonists in season four, is The Wire: Boys of Summer (HBO television broadcast Sept. 10, 2006) [hereinafter Episode 4-38, Boys of Summer]. Additional information is available at The Wire, IMDB.COM, http://www.imdb.com/ title/tt0306414/ (last visited Mar. 26, 2013) [hereinafter Wire IMDB site]. Several books contain essays and other commentaries about the series.
    [Show full text]
  • Is the Internet Eroding Europe's Middle Ground?
    ESPAS Foresight Reflection Paper Series March 2018 Is the Internet Eroding Europe’s Middle Ground? Public Opinion, Polarisation and New Technologies Tim Dixon and Míriam Juan-Torres AN INTER-INSTITUTIONAL EU PROJECT Disclaimer This publication was prepared for the European Political Strategy Centre (EPSC) in the context of the forthcoming European Strategy and Policy Analysis System (ESPAS) Global Trends to 2030 Report. The views expressed in this publication represent only the views of the authors. This publication does not bind, nor may be attributed to, any of the European Union institutions and bodies participating in ESPAS, namely the European Commission, the European Parliament, the General Secretariat of the Council of the EU and the European External Action Service, as well as the Committee of the Regions, the European Economic and Social Committee and the European Investment Bank. Table of Contents Foreword 3 Executive Summary 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Polarisation in Europe 6 2.1. What is polarisation? 6 2.2. Reasons for perceptions of increasing polarisation 7 3. Social Media and Public Opinion Trends 8 3.1. The transformation of information creation and dissemination 8 3.2. Does social media intensify polarisation? 9 3.3. Social media and the mainstreaming of extreme positions 10 3.4. Algorithms and the business models of social media 11 4. Public Opinion in Europe 12 4.1. Differentiated attitudinal segments 12 4.2. The conflicted middle in Germany, France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom 14 5. Immigration, Identity, and the Context of the Conflicted Middle in Europe 16 5.1 The salience of identity, immigration, and cultural debates 16 5.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Drug Markets, Fringe Markets, and the Lessons of Hamsterdam
    DISCUSSION DRAFT McMillian Washington and Lee Law Review DRUG MARKETS, FRINGE MARKETS, AND THE LESSONS OF HAMSTERDAM Lance McMillian* INTRODUCTION The Wire is the greatest television series of all-time.1 Not only that, it is the most important.2 The transcendental quality of the show lies in what it teaches those of us living in the United States about ourselves. Even when we as a society know what is the right thing to do, our decaying institutions lack the capacity to act. The ineffectual status quo continues unabated. This feeling of impotence is so jarring to the viewer because we immediately know it to be true: our institutions are broken.3 From this perspective, The Wire is not just a television show; it is an expose on the slow decline of America in the 21st century. One of the most memorable story arcs from The Wire’s five seasons is the rise and fall of Hamsterdam, detailed more fully in Part I of this Article.4 Bunny Colvin, a high-ranking police officer on the verge of retirement, suffers an existential crisis prompted by the ongoing futility of Baltimore’s drug war. His novel response is to create quasi-legalized drug zones, which are quickly dubbed “Hamsterdam” by the drug dealers who populate them. Colvin’s calculus is straightforward: by concentrating the * Associate Professor, Atlanta’s John Marshall Law School. B.A., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; J.D., University of Georgia School of Law.. 1 The Wire (HBO television broadcast June 2, 2002-March 9, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Would Hamsterdam Work - Drug Depenalization in the Irw E and in Real Life John Bronsteen Loyola University Chicago, School of Law, [email protected]
    Loyola University Chicago, School of Law LAW eCommons Faculty Publications & Other Works 2018 Would Hamsterdam Work - Drug Depenalization in The irW e and in Real Life John Bronsteen Loyola University Chicago, School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lawecommons.luc.edu/facpubs Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, and the Law and Society Commons Recommended Citation John Bronsteen, Would Hamsterdam Work - Drug Depenalization in The irW e and in Real Life, 2018 U. CHI. LEGAL F. 43 (2018). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications & Other Works by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Would "Hamsterdam"Work? Drug Depenalization in The Wire and in Real Life John Bronsteent ABSTRACT The television show The Wire depicts a plan called "Hamsterdam"in which police let people sell drugs in isolatedplaces, and only those places, without fear of arrest. Based on limited but decent empirical evidence, we can make educated guesses about what would happen if that were tried in real life. Indeed, Swiss police tried something remarkably similarin the 1980s. More generally, the results of various forms of drug legalization, depenalization, and decriminalization in Europe- such as in Portugal,which has transferredthe state's method of dealing with drug use (includingheroin and cocaine) from the criminaljustice system to a civil ad- ministrative system since 2001-shed light on the likely strengths and weaknesses of Hamsterdam-like efforts. The Wire seems to get a lot right, including some of Hamsterdam's successes and Hamsterdam'spolitical unsustainability.
    [Show full text]