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Toward the Efficient Use of Beauveria Bassiana in Integrated Cotton Insect Pest Management DANNON H

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Toward the Efficient Use of Beauveria Bassiana in Integrated Cotton Insect Pest Management DANNON H DANNON et al. Journal of Cotton Research (2020) 3:24 Journal of Cotton Research https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-020-00061-5 REVIEW Open Access Toward the efficient use of Beauveria bassiana in integrated cotton insect pest management DANNON H. Fabrice1,2* , DANNON A. Elie2,3, DOURO-KPINDOU O. Kobi2, ZINSOU A. Valerien1, HOUNDETE A. Thomas4, TOFFA-MEHINTO Joëlle5, ELEGBEDE I. A. T. Maurille1, OLOU B. Dénis6 and TAMÒ Manuele2 Abstract Background: For controlling the resistance to insects, in particular carpophagous and phyllophagous caterpillars, using chemical pesticides has led to contamination of cotton area in Benin. Facing this problem, alternative methods including the use of entomopathogenic fungi as biopesticide could be a sound measure to preserve the environment, biodiversity and ensure good quality of crops. Previous studies have revealed the insecticidal potential of the entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana on some insect pest species. However, little is known about its effectiveness on cotton Lepidopteran pests. This review is done to learn more about B. bassina for its application in controlling cotton insect pests, especially Lepidopteran species. Main body: Different sections of the current review deal with the related description and action modes of B. bassiana against insects, multi-trophic interactions between B. bassiana and plants, arthropods, soil and other microbes, and biological control programs including B. bassiana during last decade. Advantages and constraints in applying B. bassiana and challenges in commercialization of B. bassiana-based biopesticide have been addressed. In this review, emphasis is put on the application methods and targeted insects in various studies with regard to their applicability in cotton. Conclusion: This review helps us to identify the knowledge gaps related to application of B. bassiana on cotton pest in general and especially in Lepidopteran species in Benin. This work should be supported by complementary laboratory bioassays, station and/or fields experiments for effective management of cotton Lepidopteran pests in Benin. Keywords: Biopesticide, Entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, Action modes, Pest management, Cotton Background weeds (National Research Council [NRC] 1986). In the The hopeful perspective projected for crop protection case of insect pests, one of the practices inducing selec- and public health as a result of the introduction of tion of resistant crop populations is due to an overuse of chemical pesticides is now open to serious question be- same or closely related chemical insecticides (Food and cause of an alarming increase of resistance occurring in Agriculture Organization [FAO] 2012). Facing this chal- insects, pathogens, vertebrates, and a lesser extent in lenge, integrated pest management (IPM) options be- come attractive and environmentally friendly for crops protection against insect pests. Of these, biological con- * Correspondence: [email protected] 1Laboratory of Phytotechnic, Improvement and Protection of Plants, Faculty trol focusing on the use of natural enemies of insects, es- of Agronomy, University of Parakou, BP 123, Parakou, Benin pecially on entomopathogenic fungus, remains a 2 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal, Cotonou, interesting alternative tactic in the framework of pest Benin Full list of author information is available at the end of the article status changing (Sewify et al. 2009). Of particular © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. DANNON et al. Journal of Cotton Research (2020) 3:24 Page 2 of 21 interest is the ability displayed by various genera of ento- sexual reproduction, makingthetaxonomistsconsider mopathogenic fungi to colonize wide plant species in only morpho-ontogenic characteristics to discriminate different families, both naturally and artificially following between species (De Kouassi 2001). Moreover, there inoculation, ensuring protection against not only insect was an increasing in taxonomic complexity of Beau- pests but also plant pathogens (Jaber and Ownley 2018). veria. Subsequently, the entomopathogenic hyphomy- Several studies suggest that fungus Beauveria bassiana cetes consisted of more than twenty genera including is a promising agent for use as bio-insecticide to control Beauveria (Sung et al. 2001) which were thought to various pest targets. This article reviews the currently belong to Clavicipitaceae family and were potentially available literatures on the description of B. bassiana related to the genus Cordyceps (Humber 2000). Des- and its modes of action against insects, describes the pite its cosmopolitan distribution and long history in multi-trophic interactions between B. bassiana and mycology, the teleomorphic state of B. bassiana was plants, arthropods, soil, and other microbes. It also re- not clear. However, Schaerffenberg (1955) cited by views biological control programs including B. bassiana Sung et al. (2006) reported the teleomorphic Clavici- for crop protection from 2009 to 2019. pitaceae of B. bassiana, but with little evidence. A This review analytically synthetizes the studies on crop new species Cordyceps bassiana has been described pest management using B. Bassiana for its possible ap- from China on a carpenterworm larva, Prionoxystus plication in cotton insect pest management. robiniae (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), and probably related to B. bassiana (Li et al. 2001). Later, Sung et al. Synthesis methodology (2006) not only provided an additional insight into The literatures searching strategy adopted in the current the systematics of Cordyceps, but also confirmed the review was mainly based on the use of databases engines anamorph feature of B. bassiana when culturing the Google Scholar and CABI Direct. Various key words fungus with artificial diet. were used, namely “Beauveria” and “pest” and “biological control”. There were about 17 000 results on Google Taxonomy of B. bassiana Scholar including all languages. The 30 most relevant ar- The complete systematic position of B. bassiana accord- ticles were retained for review. With CABI Direct search, ing to Sung et al. (2006) and Halouane (2008)isas there were 1994 results (approx.) for all fields over the follows: period of 2009 to 2019. The 22 most relevant articles were retained for review. In sum, 110 documents includ- – Kingdom: Fungi, ing articles (99), book chapters (4), theses (3), research – Phylum: Ascomycota, memory (1) and research reports (3) were used to carry – Class: Sordariomycetes, out the present bibliographic synthesis. – Order: Hypocreales, – Family: Clavicipitaceae / Cordicipitaceae or B. bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin: a biological ophiocordicipitaceae control agent – Genus: Beauveria, Description of the fungus B. bassiana: history, taxonomy – Species: B. bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) (Vuil., 1912). and morphology History In some documents, the pathogen was considered to In 1835, the entomologist BASSI Agostino of Lodi, dis- belong to Cordycipitaceae (Vigneshwaran 2015)or covered the causal agent of pebrine disease that turned Ophiocordicipitaceae (Sensagent 2000–2016). legions of Italy’s silkworms into white mummies (Lord 2005). The characteristic appearance of cadavers covered Morphology of B. bassiana with a white powdery layer gave rise to the descriptor, The fungus B. bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. was of terrigen- "white muscardine disease". Later, BEAUVERIE Jean de- ous origin, saprophyte ubiquitous and pathogen for scribed this pathogen as Botrytis bassiana (De Kouassi many insect orders such as: Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, 2001). The genus Beauveria was formal only around the Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera and twentieth century when Vuillemin (1912) claimed that Orthoptera (Sabbahi 2008;Lietal.2001). The asexual Botrytis bassiana (Bals.-Criv) was a species that belongs spores of B. bassaina are conidia of white to yellow- to the genus Beauveria (Halouane 2008). ish color bearing by long zigzag transparent and sep- The classification of hyphomycetes and especial spe- tal filaments. Hyphae diameter varies between 2.5 μm cies of the genus Beauveria has been subjected to and 25 μm. several revisions because of the increasing taxonomic Different types of conidia can be produced by B. bassi- complexity of Beauveria. The main characteristic of ana depending on the environment. In the presence of hyphomycetes (Deuteromycotina) is that they lack air (aerobic environment), the fungus produces spherical DANNON et al. Journal of Cotton Research (2020) 3:24 Page 3 of 21 (1–4 μm in diameter) or oval (1.55–5.5 μm×1–3 μmin 3rd step: penetration. size) conidia but in an anaerobic condition, it produces From the appressorium or penetration peg and with the
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