Bobby Seale Speaks

IN THIS ISSUE20¢ GITLIN ON CUBA STOP THE DRAfT WEEK" BLACK PANTHERS ORANGEBURG MASSACRE .- APRIL 1968 VOL. 4 NO.3 LAUREL, MISS. STRIKE BLACK MOVEMENT: REPRESSION AND RESIST ANeE

\

Rap Brown (left) and Bobby Seale at Huey Newton's birthday party

On Wednesday, February 21, Rap Brown was arrested and charged with violating his ing $10,000 making for a total of $50,000 er" reports of the causes (e.g., new bail restrictions. SUbsequently he was charged with threatening the life of an FBI agent. on the original charge. jersey, president's commission) the gov­ These new charges and the excessive bail totaling $100,000 are seen as a clear signal Rap was then taken'before a U.S. Com­ ernment will jail militant black leaders that the government is planning to lock up black militants before next summer. Arthur missioner on the high felony charge ­ as soon as possible. This has been made Kinoy, Rap's lawyer, talked about these new developments at a meeting of the steering threatening the life of the FBI guy. Another known to the courts and the courts are committee to combat repression the weekend of Feb. 24. These are the facts: $50,000 bailwas set. Now the total bail is responding. $100,000. The federal judge told Kunstler Note: the charges in this (and so many a $100,000 bond as requested by the gov­ that he did this to keep Rap from going other cases) are so obviously untenable Two Bonds ernment. The federal judge in N.Y. re­ around the country burning down cities. in trials or on various appeals, that they Rap (was) on two bonds: leased him and instructed him to go to aren't even worrying any more about the (1) Louisiana FEDERAL court: phony Louisiana. Virginia frame ups themselves. Bail is being used charge of carrying arms across state instead, way before any of this comes line while under indictment. Absolutely In Louisiana Then on Friday, Rap was taken to Vir­ to trial. uncom,titutional. ,Kinoy notes a convic­ ginia. Bail there was revoked completely. tion on this has never been sustained In Louisiana. Judge heardgovernment's No new bail was set. When no bail is set, What We Do to our knOWledge.) Bond on this charge application to revoke bailWednesday, Feb­ general procedure is for the prisoner Rap is fasting and seems determined permitted him to speak with the court's ruary 21. Four FBI agents testified they to stay in that (Virginia) jail. But the to stick with it. This term of the Supreme permission. heard Rap speak in California. During the judge took the position that Louisiana Court (the only place where he could pos­ (2) Virginia FEDERAL court: he was hearing, as Rap's lawyer was giving his courts had precedence over the Va. courts. sibly get any relief on this bail) will be bailed out pending an appeal of extra­ summation, - the government interrupted (Our interpretation is that Virginia is too over in 2 months. Thenhe's in tillthe mid­ dition from Maryland to Virginia based to say they were filing charges of a high close to Black D.C. and Rap was there­ dle of next fall at the earliest. The chances on charges of •'inciting to riot,. inciting felony against Rap. THIS WAS A WHOLE fore shipped back to- Louisiana where it of his dying in jail are very real, as are to arson." Bond restricted him to South­ NEW CHARGE. According to one of these is much harder for the Movement to rally the chances of our losing this court fight. ern District of N.Y. except to consult FBI agents, Rap had threatened his life support forces.) (Kinoy noted he's never been surer of the with attorneys. This is now on appeal to during court recess. This is not true and The day the $100,000 was set, they rightness of his case or more frightened the Supreme Court on the basis of First there are 10 witnesses to the fact that filed emergency application for an im­ of finding no way to win it.) SO .•. Amendment violation. If the restriction Rap said: "You are a Tom and I hope mediate hearing on the setting of reason­ Our only chance is a massive public is sustained, preventative arrest will your children don't grow up like you." . able bond pending a full hearing. campaign to put some political counter­ have been sanctioned at the highest court His bail in La. previously had been $15, THERE IS A NEW AND QUALITIA ­ pressure on the court. This campaign is level. 000. At this time, $5,000 was forfeited TIVE CHANGE IN FEDERAL COURTS necessary to expose what's really going But the government wasn't satisfied. as a fine for violation of bail restric: ACTIONS: The decision has been made on, to mobilize, and to try to get him On Wednesday, February 21, the gov­ tions. $40,000 was added to the remain- that in response to uprisings and''fair- out in time. • ernment took a huge step. Rap had to sign an "in forma pauperus" paper for his Supreme Court appeal, Kunstler (also MONEY MONEY MONEY THE MOVEMENT PRESS BULK RATS his lawyer) was in California, so he went The same old refrain. We're sorry, U. a. PO.TAIlB there. Whil~ there, he spoke publicly. 4A9 14TH STREET but we're also desperate. We owe $900 PAID The government swore out an arrest in back rent, close to another $900 in SAN FRANCisco, CA. 94103 warrant on the La. and Va. bond restric­ 8.n FnncllCO, Cllilf. printing bills. WE NEED HELPI If you Permit No. 8603 tions. Kin 0 y pointed out that the re­ want to see the Movement newspaper striction didn't say Rap couldn't speak continue, now is the time to think seri­ publicly while visiting his lawyer. On ously about sending a contribution, a Tuesday, February 20 he was arrested generous contribution. We don't want to in New York City. The government wanted fold, people, but we've got to have more .& MrS. Grant Cannon to ship him right down to Louisiana. Rap support. Write to us. Send $$. The Move­ demanded to see a lawyer. New York Fea­ 907 Klatte Road ment, 449 14th St., San Francisco, Calif. 'ncinnati~, Ohio 45244 eral judge refused to sendRap tCl La. under 94103. S j7 :: 'PAGE 2 THE MOVEMENT APR~8 THE MAN DOESN'T HAVE US OUTNUMBERED, ter, Rap Brown will be'Minister of Justice, country. and Forman will be Minister of Foreign He also stated that the Black Movement A birthday party was held in the Oak­ Affairs. Forman also explained how the must become allied with their ThirdWorld land Auditorium for Huey P. Newton, Black community must respond to the mur­ brothers in the struggle against their the imprisoned leader of the Black Pan­ dering of its people, especially its lead­ common oppressor, Racism and Imperial­ thers. On this evening of February 17, erS ..• retribution and retaliation. Pow-; ism, the United States. In order to build and maintain that struggle the Black ~om­ six thousand people, both Black and white, er plants, cops, and for Huey, "the sky's BOBBY munity would have to organize itself, by gathered to support Huey, and to hear what the limit'" Rap Brown emphasized the some of the leaders of the Black Move­ need to do more than think about survival. building a community of strength where ment had to say to them. Sitting on the He talked about having to prepare the 'the people are more important than the SEALE stage, waiting to speak to their people community for the upcoming battle, both individual ... "first our people, then you and me." ,about Huey and what his imprisonment mentally and physically. We can't let the Man walk over us any longer, we can't meant to the Black community, were A Program for Whites J ames Forman, Rap Brown, Bobby Seale be "chumps." SPEAKS of the Black Panthers, and Stokely Car­ Bobby Seale spoke about Huey and his michael. Eldridge Cleaver of the Black Black Unity struggle, the struggle of all Black people Panthers acted as moderator for the Stokely Carmichael urged that the Black (see text of his speech below). Also speak­ Brothers and sisters, 1 want to have event. community start getting itself together, ing at the Saturday night rally was Bob the chance to tell you in a large mass .. to unify itself against the Man and all his Avakian, a representative ofthe Peace and something about Brother Huey P. New­ Survival tricks. Be emphasized that "every Negro Freedom Party, and the only white per­ ton - a Black man that I've been knowing The emphasis of the rally was on is a potentialBlack man." there is no time son to speak extensively. He spoke about for about eight years; a Black man who survival, survival through the summer, to talk about artificial divisions within the the need for the white community to begin first introduced me to what Black Na­ survival of the Black people in this coun­ community, such as talking about middle organizing itself, because thus far there tionalism was all about; a Black man try. The Black people must get together, class, lower class, because there is only has been. no. organization or white move­ that I've been closely associated with for to support Huey, to support and protect one class in the Black ghetto, the coloni­ ment to which the Black Movement could the last few years. themselves as a community. This was the zed. Black men were brought to this coun­ even talk. The Black Movement should not To explain to you who Brother Huey P. exhortation of the leaders. James Forman try and were maintained as an internal trust us, but it should watch us with a Newton is, in his soul, I've got to explain announced the merger of SNCC and the colony to serve the white man. Now, how­ skeptical eye and see if the whites can to you also your soul, your needs, your Black Panthers. The form of organization ever, Stokely stressed, the white man no organize itself to destroy that racism political desires and needs, because that is to be based on that of the Panthers. longer needs Black people to do his work, on which this country, ruled by white is Huey's soul. You know,l met Huey and Stokely Carmichael will be Prime Minis- and there is a history of genocide in this men, is based. he told me that he first learned how to , EDITORIAL WHERE IT'S AT The Black Panther PaTty for Self De­ is its effect on Black people, andStokely's participation politically have been ex­ spending all of its time defending Huey ~ence and SNCC had a birthday party for speech moved Black people. For radicals tremely unhealthy. We have thought in Newton. If thiS happens it will cease Huey Ne'llt:o:l, jailed minister of defense to pick apart the speech as if it were a terms of fighting other peoples' battles to be independent group and useful ally ;fol' the Panthers, in Oakland, February 17. governmental document or part of an for so long that it has become difficult and will degenerate into just another The 'party' was organized for the pur­ esoteric left-wing ideological paper is to to translate our own alienation into a liberal support group. We are not sug­ pose of building up support for Huey sorely miss the point and displays an in­ politics that says real revolutionary gesting that Huey should not be defended Newton's defense and to publicly announce credible lack of savvy on the part of the struggle is ior 'our'o'wn liberation. There by as many people as possible; but that the merging of SNCC and the Panthers. white radical movement. must be a realization that ultimately our the defense should be carried on as an Speaking that evening were Jim Forman, own survival is at stake too, and our ef­ integrated part of an organization's pro­ Rap Brown and Stokely Carmichael of Where Whites Can Relate forts must be toward bUilding a liberation gram and should not be an end in itself. SNCC and Bobby Seale and Eldridge This is the only basis under which co­ movement. in our own community.-- _.- Cleaver of the Panthers. This reaction to Stokely's speech is This has been one of the problems alitions have real, long-term meaning The merger was announced by Cleaver then compounded by the lack of response among radicals in trying to graftthe Black for all parties of the coalition. and Forman but none of the details were to Bobby Seale's speech. Seale, chair­ movement's program onto their own. The discussed, leaving us with very little man of the Panthers, presented what fact of the matter is that whites are not When Whites Get Serious information on which to base a judgment should have been, for white radicals, an oppressed minority (or opposed about its significance. The most pub­ the most important speech of the even­ ethnic group) in this country. A libera­ What white radicals must learn is that licized and controversial event of the ing (see text on page 2 ). He presented tion movement of white people has to be they must stop getting uptight everytime evening was StokelY's speech. This was a concrete political program which radi­ a CLASS movement, one organized and they think that they aren't getting enough his first public appearance in the bay area cals could relate to, dealing with the developed out of a class analysis, for the love and attention from Blacks, they since his return from an extensive world issues of housing, education, police con­ purpose of overthrowing the present social must think seriously about where their tour and people were eager to hear what trol, etc. And up to this point not one of system. When a movement like that exists own movements are going. he would have to say. the much vaunted 'left and underground it can then relate to the Black movement This means we must stop looking at the press has given it any play at all. Our around a common goal. Black movement for leadership and build Reactions own newspapers it seems, have yet to strategies and programs out of our own shake some of the basic principles that Tactical Coalitions Only experiences and needs. What happened that night at the Oakland motivate the monopoly press and would White radicals must also begin to think auditorium when people heard the speech rather deal in sensationalism for the In the 'meantime white radicals should in serious terms about their role this and what has been their reaction since? purpose of selling papers than seriously realize that the only Black-white coali- summer. Programatically their must be Clearly, for Black people the contents dealing with the political relations be- tions that are going to exist are tactical such things as efforts to: 1) build educa­ were simple and easy to deal with -­ tween Blacks and whites in this country. coalitions in which there is a coming to- tional programs integrated into the anti­ it's about where they are at and what's However, we do not mean to say, as a gether for specific, short term goals in war" anti-:draft and student movements in their heads and guts. The initial re­ good many radicals have been saying, that which each organization involved has its to combat and neutralize racism, 2)build, action for most white radicals to the there was a huge gap between the words of own independent constituency and is in the in areas of strength, toward providing speech has been confUSion, betrayal, anger Bobby Seale and the words of StokelyCar- co a Iit ion for the purpose of adding divergences to police when the rebellions and exclusion. Which, unfortunately, tells michael. For' the speeches, we think, strengths together. One of the few coali- begin, 3) build a national legal, financial, a lot about where the anti-war and stu­ should be seen as complements to each tions of this type has been the one be- propaganda aparatus to combat the in­ dent movements are at. So, let's take a other. One talks about the need for unity . tween the California Peace and Freedom creasing repression, and 4) organize as look at that speech and see what it's and the concept of organizing around Party and the Panthers. The PFP has or- many people as possible into structured really about. blackness and the other lays out the con- ganized itself around political issues and units that will be able to provide material crete political program necessary to build has managed to avoid the pitfalls of cater- r.esources (food, medical supplies, news­ Not Talking to Whites that unity. Any other view is a gross mis- ing to Blacks that would undercut its papers, etc.) to ghetto residents when interpretation of where Black people are own viability (as was not the case with the attacks start. The firSt and· most basic thing that at. the NCNP). When the PFP and the Pan- These kinds of activities can provide must be under.stood is that Stokely ,(and What else did Stokely say? He talked thers began to negotiate it was as inde- the basis for tactical black-white coali­ for that matter all of the speakers) about allies; Mexican-Americans, Puerto pendent groups, each with its own strengths tions. They provide Blacks with sorely were NOT talking to white people. He was Ricans, other non-white minorities in this and needs. A functional coalition re- needed practical support and they pro­ talking to Black people about a problem country and Black people all.over the suIted. But, there is a danger that the vide white radicals with incentives to supremely important to Black people -­ world. What, no wh~tes? And ,the answer PF P will be drawn into rh" rr-fck b"g of build themselves organizationally.• , their survival. The heart of the speech is simp~: there IS 00 w~re ra&cal••~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. was the need for Black community and movement in this country that has de­ THE MOVEMENT is published monthly by The Movement Press, 449.14th Street, Black unity to defend against the attacks veloped enough organizational discipline of the Man that will be coming down this to offer Blacks any reason for expect­ San Francisco, California 94103, 626-4577. summer. Preparations are now being ing . real aid in a fight for survival. EDITORIAL GROUP: Lincoln Bergman, Joe Blum, Marilyn Buck, Terrence Cannon, made by the Government for the waging of Black people are struggling for their Bobbi Cieciorka, Jerry Densch, Karen Jo Koonan, Gayle Markow, Jeff Segal, Morgan a full scale war of genocide against Black existance and every ounce of their energy Spector, Buddy Stein, Karen Waldo Arlene E. Bergman. PHOTO: Jeffrey Blankfort people in this country (to complement its must be spent on that struggle. To play LOS ANGELES: Bob Niemann, 1657FederaIAve.#5, Los Angeles, Calif. 90025, 478-9509. activities in Viet Nam), and Stokely's political games ~ith radicals is suicidal. speech was designed to begin to prepare CHICAGO EDITORIAL GROUP: for the fight that must be waged this Our Own Liberation Linda Friedman, Warren Friedman, Hilda Ignatin, Noel Ignatin, Mike James, Anne summer. Black unity was its purpose and O'Brian. PHOTOGRAPHY: Chicago Film Co-op, Nanci Hollander, Tom Ma1ear, Black unity was its result. White radicals played an important Dolores Varela. 4533 N. Sheridan Rd., Chicago, m., 60640, 334-8040. The most important thing to consider, role in the development of the civil rights SUBSCRIPTIONS: then, in dealing with Stokeley's speech movement but the consequences of that $2 per year, individual copies: $7 per hundred per month, bulk subscriptions. APRIL 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 3 HE HAS US OUT ORGANIZED read real good when he was :lbout 16 or were in law and how in f;lCt we COl lId show you how smart Grother Huey is. and hoodlums. In Llct. them dudes !L'ok 17 when he \Vas coming out of high school. exercise a position in the Black community He says, •'Now the papers are going to just like me. In f;lct 1 know George Dow, One of his counselors at school told him to begin to Show Glack people how we call us thugs and hoodlums..\ lot of in fact 1 know Bobby Ilutton, Hey man, 1 he couldn't be collese m:lteri:l1. And would defend ourselves. The whole point people ain't going to know what's happen­ know that dude over there. fley m;ln. what Huey got mad. lie didn't like no white of number seven. ing. He said, but the brothers on the block, you cats Chlin,! with them rods? In other man telling him what he couldn't do. who the Man's been calling thugs ;lnd words, when the m'ln c,ills us nigger fell" .\nd (-Iuey learned how to read and Huey Hoodlums and Thugs hoodlums for 400 years, they're goin~ to 400 ycars, with all the derogaton' ,,,n­ went to Oakland City Cullege and 1 W:lS say that's some mighty fine thugs and notations. lluey was smart en"u"'h I" right there with him and Huey got a 4.0, Now, the papers call the organization hoodlums up there. The brother on the knml' thaI Black people were :.::"i n,' t" sa\'. that's an .\ in Sociolug), psychology, hoodlums and thugs. Now, I'm going to block is going to say, "Who is these thugs c'TIH'1,1,e been l~,lllin~~ us niiC'_'l:r~. tlllle" political science, law and run it on down. and hoodlulllS for 40U year-, Th,ll" II" lie got .\'s all the way through and he difference to r.le. I'm g,oin~ l'hl"'~ "III said "later for the man, I know what 1 what these folks are doin,~', I'h,' In-I,'ill can do." that Huey had in knO\\'j 11~ h" ,\ I" deol I Huey learned the need of Black people with urganizing Black rc"I'1c ,1,1 I knOW)II" to develop a perspective :lnd an under­ how to bring Black peol>lc: 1""<.:Ih<.:l' standing about certain conditions. Now Now at the same 11111<.:. therc's OUI' when we first org.:lOized the Black Panther older hrorhers,and sisrel'~ \I'Ill) are guing Party for self-defense, I luey said. c. Gabby. to say, "'I1ley must really be thu}!'> and we're going to draw up a basic platform­ hoodlums, 131.Tthey're [;lIking about pulice just basic, so that mack people can read brutality and many of you have related In it. lie said, •'we don't want to ~o re;ll one way or another to a relative or 111<':111 '"' ber of your family, etc. to tbe COllllil'"lb elahorate with :.:II these essays and dis­ ...o sertations and all this stuff that the .... and police brutality. You \\'oilld ,) I 111 -'<:c: brother's going to look dt and say, "Moln. ~ your homes and sa\'. "\'e.lh \I'e ,h"llld I ain't got time. I got to ~o and see wh,lt en have did it 400 years .1:';0. We should h.1 \ <.: ;>, I can do for myself"..\ basic platform ... got ollt here and start defendi 11', "III'· Q) that the mothers who stnlC!:,;Ie hard 1'0 :::: selves in thio; fashion, Q) raise us, tllolt the fathers who work harel, -, Now at the same time. 11I.ln) pe"l'iL: "<.:1 that the young: hrothers in school who o the notiun that we I\ere SIIPI'""ed I" "" "III '0 come out of school semi-illiterate -redd­ .c: in the streets with SUU IHdCk people IllJed 0. ing broken words. He said we want .I up with gUlls and shoot It (lilt with 1.1I01l bdsic platform to outline i3lack peuple's police. i':u, thiS wasn't the Cdse at ,111. this h"ISic political desires and needs. wasn't the c,lse at ,111. To the contrarv, every I3lolck Illdn in his hurne hds the ri~llI Basic Platform Stukely Carmichael and Bobby Seale CONTINUED ON P, 11 So we sat down. Iluey said we want freedom. We want power to determine the destiny of our black community. i':UIll­ bel' three, we wa'lt housin>.;, decent hous­ ing fit to shelter human heings. :"(umber HUEY NEWTON SPEAKS- HIS 'MIND four, we want all Glack men to be exempt from military service, Numher five, we [Iuey l\ewton. \linister Of Defense of Emancipation Proclamation. We had m,lny chargin~ the Legisldture with makln!l ir want equal education for our nIack people the mack I'anther Party, is in the Ala­ representatives who bad one problem, they impossible for bldck people to defend in our community, that teaches us the true meda County Jail awaiting trial for '11­ didn't have a political puwer base..\fter themselves against the brutal force that nature of this decadent. racist society legedly murdering a white cop and wound­ the Emancipation Proclamation ... Stand­ bas been used by tbe police. and the and to teach Glack people and our young ing: another. ard Oil and some other large monupolies military. For instance, in Detruit and mack brothers dnd sisters their place in got the land. When you have a land base. l\'ewark. society, because if the) don't know tiwir In a recent interview he told why he is people can always make a political conse­ "We thought Sacramento W;lS the ap­ place in society and in the world. they filin[, suit against Kaiser 1I0spitai -the quence by not cooperating:. for instance. propriate place because that's where the can't relate to anythin~ ebe. Number hospital that treated him fur the serious some time ago I remember the cattlemen laws were made. We dlso knew that our six. we want an end to the robher) of stomach wound he received the nidlt the decided to pull out their milk because they grievance would be heard ... We wanted the White, racist businessmen of llIdck cops were shot. Iluey explained, ".\fter I weren't getting a fair price for the mi Ik. I to warn people that prison camps exist. pcople in their comrllunit\ .I'\urnber seven, was on the guel-ny to prepare me for an remember the Delano grape Situation As a matter of fact, the same ones that we \vant dn 1\1'\1 EDI.\TE end to police operation, police stormed in ~nd im­ where the grapes rotted in the fields. were used fa,:" the J apdnese - they'll be bruwUtv ,Ind Illllrder of lHack people .. mediately handcuffed me to the table and BlIt black people have been excluded from used for black people in the near future. Number eil'ht. we W;lllt ,111 131ack men put me in such a position that I was .Jrch­ this arena because we were not given the "We weren't looking for a confronta­ held in the county, state, and feder,tI ed. It was extreme!\' p'lI nful. The) beat land with the promises after the Emancipa­ tion at the Capital. If we were fired upon, jdils and prisons to be rcledsed because my I\Tists with their hands and club~, tion Proclamation. We've been exploited 1 had given orders to fire in return. But ~hey have not hold d fair trial - because where 1 h,lve 'I pinched nene. The hand­ and treated like any other colonialized if we were not fired upon, we would take they've been tried by all white juries. cuffs were extremel\' li~ht and extremely people." an arrest. We gave up the guns knowing We want Illack people, Number 9, tl> he pa infu I. I was hit in the head and also "We don't have anything to makeapoli­ ,that they wOllld be returned. This was tried by members of their pecrs. I'ecrs stuck in the stolllach. I W,I"; called m.my tical consequence for people who will not not an appropriate place for a confron­ being ones .who come from the s"lmc ndmes such as 'ni;.>:ger' and an arra), of cooperate with us ... The l3Iack Panther tation and we knew thiS very well. Our econumic. social, religious, histol-il'dl other curse wonls. Shortly after I was Party realized thiS problem Jnd then purpose was to deliver a message and and racial backiCrOunll. That in 'fact. if stuck in the stomach with the club. I lost asked the question. how can we establish the message was delivered very effec­ the l nited Stdl.CS ;.>:O\'Cl-Il111CIlt and the local my consciousness," a political base? ,\. power I,dse to huild d tively." couns did thiS. they would have to choosc consequence. We saw that we could't COlll­ Gldck people from the Glack conllllunity Panther History pete with these monorolies that exploit March on Washington to sit up un the jury. TIley would have to us to get where they are -because they choose some of our ,mothers who have Iluey spent most of the interview talk­ have such a headstart. .\nd free enterprise :\s for M. L. King's plan for civil heen workin\! twent) years ill \liss .\nne's ing. ahout the hackiCround of tile Black Pan­ h;ls already been exhausted by these people disobedience in \\';lshingtol1, Huey hal! kitchen scruhhil11! floors like my mommd ther Partv dnd hO\I' thc 1'.1 nt)lcrs an;llyzed who got the land and real estate. So. we this to say. "Dr. King is working with the did. They'd lwve to choose some of OUI' the politic,lI sit.u.ltioll of hlack people in don't l~ave the money, we don't have the Prime Minister of the Black Panther Ihl!"ll-workin~ Llthers. They hdve to .\merica. land but we can be a political consequence Party, Stokely Carmichael. If the dem­ choose some (If the hruthers who swnd "[n the first pl,lce. any hlack .\merican by being potentially a destructive power. onstration is anything like what happened on the block out there wonder in~: when who is n'n:-,ciollS of the situdtion'that black So we said, how could be do thiS? We in Washington on the last dE)monstration, tbe) 're going to get killed. 11ley're goin\! culun ializeci pcople are in would be subject agreed that political power flows from the (Summer 1963) it would be another clown to have to choose these 131ack people. to the opprcssive ;:ilil'ltion. I'd' like tu barrel of a gun, .. We developed a poli­ Show and very ineffective. Gut I feel .\nd numher Ill. lIuev sdid, "Let's just parar-hrasc J dmes L3aldwin when he said tical party th,n will be' politically effec­ that Stokely Carmichael and Dr. King slllllrnarizc:' we want' housing. we \~ant that to the :'lack dnd conscious in.\merica 'tive if black people are willin!! to arIll have reviewed that situation and won't clothing, we want educ:ltion. we want is to be in .1 const.Jnt stolge of rage." themselves. So that if we don't get what let it happen again. So I have hopes that justice 'lnd we want pcace." The Panthers olre trying to translate that we want, we can deal a political conse­ the demonstration will be effective thiS Of all the things thdt you've hednl l' a;.>:e into eHeet i\'e puli tical action, fluey quence -like in Detroit." time. in the press: of .tll the derugatory state­ ga\'e us a short run clown on the organiza­ "I read in the papers that the Justice ments that's been made in the press tion of the Panthers.,' 'The Panthers ,Ire Sacramento Department has stated that they are ready dbout [kother Iluey P. l'\ewton and I, of ,1 part) -.1 political ol'~dnizatiun.We have One of the things the Panthers did that to deal with Dr. King ...I will say all this the whole purpose is to gUide a nalyzed the IJlack political situation and created a storm was to go to the Californi .I that if the Justice Department will be the you away from seeing thiS basic plat­ wc know that black peuple have heen very State Legislature with guns. Iluey gave the assailer, then I assure you there will be furm thilt lluey was tdlking abuut for his ineffective in the political arena in the past. reasoning behind this strategy. c'TIle I'an­ violence. l1ecause I'm certain that Stoke­ own peuple. You have to learn to look \\'e have had black representatives who thers were going to deliver a message to ly Carmichael would not turn the other through the white press, You hdve to hdve 11l>t represented the power of blacks. the' black community - to tell them about check as has been preachea some years le,lrn to see what's goi ng on. l'\ow, out .\ncl in politics an act is really not poli­ tbe injust situation that is being perpetlla- agu. I think the time for that is over." of this pl:ltforrn, J luey 1'. Nel\ton realized tical if there's no political consequence," - ted by the Legislature in Sacramento. The c, Again, if the situation continues as it thdt it WdS necessary for us to start work­ •'( )ur working definition woulc be that message contained an indictment thdt the is now, and that's the oppressive situa­ ing on these points - these 10 points ­ politicS is war without bloodshed ancl racist military is murdering people, black tion, if the police are ,IS brutal as ever, practically. I\ernember number 7? We war is politics with bloodshed .. , the people, not only in .\meric;l. but also I'm sure that black people will take care want iml1ledidte end to police brutality peaceful ch,lrdcteristics of politics hJve abroad - for essentially the Sdme rea­ of themselves - defend themselves ­ and murder of Black people. Very, very been exhausted by black people." sons. Because of imperialistic re,lsons if the establishment does not change its important. Iluey did a ye,lr and a half of dnd hecause uf race reasons. We were ways of provoking liS." .. l'IW school aft~r he got out of Mcrrj tl Reconstruction College - .\Ssocidte ,\rts degree in Social Science. Iluey articulated to the brothers •'\\·c an,llyze,l the Rec()nstruction where on the block ,lIld he articulcltcdin a mdnner lJ!dCK people wel'e historically depril'edof where they understood it, \\ bat their rights politicdl dvenues in the South after the COME ON NOW! PAGE 4 THE MOVEMENT APRIL 1968 STOP THE DRAFT WEEK II WHY REACHING GO BACK MORE FORCES

By Morgan Spector SAN FRANCISCO -- There is a strange, •'we must go back" determined spirit hanging over prepara­ "we must go back" . tions for Stop the Draft Week in ApriL It is almost grim, depressing. And from We have heard that cry many times where I sit it just doesn't make sense. since the October Stop The Draft Week. Over the last couple of months I've Some think that cry is a cry of frustra­ been talking to all kinds of community tion. "We gotta do something." We will people -- from AFL-CIO unions to street take to the streets again, but not out of gangs -- about what we want to see happen fcustration. Rather, because there are at the induction center and how they can sound political reasons for doing so.Mili­ r elate to it. tant street demonstrations basically serve Their response falls into three cate­ three political purposes; they do, in fact gories: a) a desire for direct participa­ disrupt the functioning of the draft pro­ i\ tion in the Oakland action, b) moral or political support for our cause and cess; they serve as a challenge to the Elaborate preparations were made by the Man to ensure a flow of cannon fodder during our right to do it, and c) a brief word government's notion of "law and order"; October Stop the Draft Week and they create yet another battlefront of encouragement delivered with weak which America's cops must "pacify." half-smile. We have no pretensions about being this course of events. As we come closer tion it requires, is excellent practice. But no one has come down hard again', able to close down any induction center to the summer, we must begin to plan our Of course, we don't want to gloss over STOW. It is true that those of us who permanently. Nor can we end the draft actions in relationship to the ghetto re­ the risks. Such demonstrations are seri­ have been doing this kind of work have by demonstrations. The draft- is a tool bellions - to divert imperialist aggres­ ous affairs. We should only go back to not sought to solicit support from a true of America's imperialist aggression ­ sion. As white radicals, we must seek to Oakland after we've established a solid cross-section of the comm\Jnity. We have at home and abroad - and the draft open third fronts in the urban centers of organization, discipline and confidence. been selective, attempting to get ourselves probably won't end until imperialism is America this summer. To divide the avail­ We have learned a lot from the last Stop together with the kind of community people destroyed. able police forces and make it as cUffi­ The Draft Week and we are working now who should and. could be with us in some But we can make it as difficult and as cult as possible for the government to to overcome" the weaknesses we discov­ way. costly as possible for them to operate._ carry through its program of genocide. ered last time. And it is costly. On October 20, they We must also recognize the impor­ ,required 2000 cops to process 200 induc­ tance of effective timing for our actions. ILWU Resolution tees. Commercial activity in Oakland No Illusions The new Selective Service Directive means TIle ILWU Joint Legislative Council was seriously impaired for severalhours. We have no illusions. We are sorely that thousands of grads will be getting adopted a resolution in support of our America also had to face the costs of unprepared for this task. We are not •'Hershey Bars" for graduation....The draft right to demonstrate and telling the cops patching up its international image. This urban guerillas and Stop The Draft Week issue has more impact now than ever be­ Hands off! The high school based United is not a dollars and cents issue. Last is not a guerilla-type ,action. To think of fore. Thousands of new people will be Student Movement will help mobilize kids October's wave of militant demonstra­ ourselves as guerillas at this point would forced to consider the draft and face it in the context of getting set for the Inter­ tions proved to people at home and abroad be to give in to reckless romanticism. soon. April may be their last chance national Student Strike. A variety of neigh­ that America's radicals are becoming But Stop The Draft Week, and especially to militantly -register their refusal to borhood groups in or on the fringe of increasingly unwilling to obey America's the long-term organization and prepara- serve as America's cops._ the ghettos have agreed to allow us to laws. post informational and mobiliZing dis­ ~~ ~4W 41r~ ~~ plays in their headquarters. There is already a group of longshore­ "Law & Order" men ready to participate, but we·have still This gradual destruction of the concept to fight for official ILWU guarantee of of "law and order" as it exists in this MORE ON THE OAKLAND SEVEN job protection in case the guys get busted. country is the second major reason why A nucleus of Mexican American farm we are preparing to return to Oakland. Since the issuing of the conspiracy in­ version of the testimony. workers in the Napa Valley are interested Law and order are illegitimate in this dictments against seven leaders of last .The testimony is two volumes and 361 in coming down, but we've got to get society. II Law and order" is only.a slo­ October's .Stop The Draft Week in Oak­ pages long and contains statements from people up there to organize for it to come gan, used by the establishment, to veil, land six of the seven have been formally 29 witnesses. The witnesses include two to anything. repression and stagnation. As radicals arraigned, transcripts of the testimony undercover agents, a number of cops, Several union locals are being ap­ we seek to make basic changes in this taken before the Alameda County Grand bank employees, federal employees work­ proached to pass support resolutions like society. Law and order is a concept de- . Jury has been made public, and there ing in the Induction Center, hotel man­ the ILWU's, and to call for a one hour signed to block such changes. has been a rapid growth of participation agers from hotels around the Induction work stoppage April 25 to discuss the We must be willing to disregard their in the Stop The Draft Week Defense Center, the University of California's draft and the war. The problem is getting laws, a~ we seek to challenge their Fund. Administrative Dean of Students and the enough STOW people to work with the order. On February 16 six of the seven de­ head of its security force, the clergyman sympathetic union men ami women to This is not· to say that we are in a fendants appeared before Judge Staats in charge of the University's Wesley strengthen their position and bring it off. position to be "lawless" all the time. We and were formally arraigned by the Oak­ Foundation, and a number of movement must choose our own ground. Some sit­ land Municipal Court. The six included printers and UC faculty members who were uations are more strategic than others. Jeff Segal who had just returned from extremely unfriendly witnesses. Professionals The tactic of a militant street demon­ Chicago. The other defendant, besides In spite of the bulk of the Grand Jury There are also two groups of pro­ stration, such as Oakland Stop the Draft Segal, who had been out of town when hearings, none of the testimony involved fessional people working on legal defense Week, is an excellent way of exposing the indictments came down, Terry Can­ supplying of information that was not for The Movement and police brutality. the hypocrL,y and oppressiveness of the non has just returned from New York, public. The statements provided "proof" Preliminary discussion with some of the status quo's law and order. The arraignment process was all of about for such acts as the opening of a bank ac­ :.CONTINUED ON NEXT pAGE~ .15 minutes long and had been preceeded count, the registration pf a student or-; i by a small picket outside the court house ganization, the distribution of leaflets Third Fronts before the court session began. and speaking at rallies and meetings, the But perhaps the most important poli­ The importance of the hearing rested renting of a hotel room, and the nefarious NCU NEEDS TRUCKS tical reason for us to go back to Oakland in the fact that it provided the defendants act of being seen in the vicinity of the is because there must be as many fronts and their lawyers their first opportunity Induction Center before and during Stop as possible set up against America's ag­ to see the transcript of the testimony that The Draft Week. All of these things being The ~avelling Field Secretaries gressive policies. Viet Nam is the first was taken before the Alameda County acts protected by rights of free speech of the National Community Union are front. The black ghettoes are the second Grand Jury in January that lead to the in­ and association. in desperate need of at least three front. Johnson and his spokesmen have dictments. On the defense front things have been small van type trucks that are in indicated that mas s i ve repression of moving fairly r:apidly. An active com­ ~ood operating conditions. Although ghetto rebellions is the only road that Grand Jury Testimony mittee has been set up in the Bay Area the need is great for trucks we can they intend to take in "curing" the prob­ to raise money and build public support use cars if need bp. lems of the ghettoes. Although they admit .Controversy immediately surrounded for the Oakland 7• N.C.U. travellers will soon be­ the demands are valid and must be met, the public issuance of the testimony as A great deal of money is needed to fight gin nationwide speaking engagements they seek to stretch the task out over a result of an article containing exerpts the case as well as people willing to work which will necessitate travelling with another generation, and kill off the trouble­ from it that appeared in the Oakland Tri­ to bring the case and the general fight large am 0 u n t s of literature plus makers now. We can only understand this bune the day before the Oakland 7 went against political repression to the public. sleeping on the road. Good trucks attitude as do m est i c imperialism. to court. The testimony was obviously Besides direct contributions there is a or at least cars will be most valuable America wants to subdue the ghettoes released to the Tribune, by the Oakland need for people to set up local defense in helping to reach potential radical and govern t!lem as colonies, just as DA J. Frank Coakley before being of­ committees, arrange for speaking tours community and I abo r organizers in Viet Nam. ficially released by the court. Barney of the Oakland 7, get articles in local across the country. We must also realize that the draft Dreyfus, one of the lawyers in the case, newspapers, magazines on radio and TV, If such vehicles are available please feeds the armies that may well be oc­ attacked Coakley for trying to prejudice etc. Contributions, requests for informa­ notify the N.C.U. at 630 N. Racine' cupying Watts and Harlem this year, as community feeling in the case and in­ tion and offers of aid should be sent to: Ave., Chicago, 111. 60622, or call well as the armies that are "pacifying" terfering with rights of a free and impar­ Stop The Draft Week Defense Fund (312) 666-7257. Viet Nam. We cannot, and must not, allow tial trial. vVhich would be cilus~ by 233 T_ake Dr. ourselves to be sucked into accepting prospective jurors reading an exerpted Berkeley. California • APRIL 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 5 RESIST THE DRAFT FROM WITHIN, AND WITHOUT INSIDE THE SERVICE: Virginia - The letter that follows is by George Edwards, a black man in the United color for capitalistic ends. Therefore iris resignation: States Air Force stationed in VirginiaoHis letter represents the growing attitude among inconceivable that I go out like a fool and "Today I am resigning from the Selec­ black G.L's that their battleground is here in the UoS, fight my non-white brothers in China, tive Service System by leaving my alter­ Vietnam, Africa, Latin America andSout,h native service job ••• From now on I will Dear Sir: America for white devils. Your enemies not co-operate with the Selective Service 1 am presently in the United States Air Force and on Feb. 5, 1968 1 refused to accept are my friends •.•I support everything System in any wayo an assignment to Tachikawa, Japan on the grounds that 1 believe that my fight is here in you oppose and oppo~e everything you, "My job, as a pacifist and as a person the black ghettoes of Detroit, Newark, Chicago, New York and any place where my black support. opposed to this war in Vietnam, is to re­ brothers and sisters are suffering from white exploitation.! feel it is ridiculous for me At this juncture 1 would like to make a sist our warring government, including to pretend I am a free man in Vietnam or Korea and a second class citizen here in, plea for our brothers in Vietnam to come the Selective Service System, rather than America. It is impossible for me to give freedom to someone three thousand miles away on home •••Our mothers, fathers;sisters to seek special privileges from it ••• I when I don't have freedom to live three miles outside of the nation's capitaL I do not and brothers are being shot down like know that my obedience to my conscience feel any obligation or trust in white Americao America has promised my people free­ dogs and we earnestly need their protec- ' may also result in my imprisonment. But dom too long without keeping her wordo My brothers and sisters have died for this country tion and their skills, The white man has I do not believe that the dangers of im­ since its beginning, all of which has been built tanks that will roll in our communi­ prisonment are equal to the dangers of in vain. I am tired of seeing my brothers armed forces. I have no anticipations nor ties ••• The mission of those tanks is to acting without integrity and in complicity kicked, lynched and mobbed by white expectations of saluting flags or officers DESTROY BLACK HUMANITY .•• Those with a government dependent on whole­ America while their murderers go free & wearing uniforms, singing a national an­ tanks must be stopped and they will be sale violence." in many cases, receive praiseoBecause of them or obeying orders from a supposedly stopped ••• by any means necessary. my love for my people and my convictions superior beast. Frankly speaking, I see no -Jan Bailey New York - Vinny McGee, a student I refuse to support the United States Gov­ place in Uncle Sam's army for this angry at Union Theological Seminary, Chris­ ernment in any way until my brothers are black man. Let me be plain" I will not Chicago - Fred Aviles, a Puerto topher'Robinson, a member of the New freeo By my very presence in the United support in any way such a brutal, oppres­ Rican organizer for LADO anddraftcoun­ York Resistance, and Mark Weintraub, a States Armed Forces 1 have compromised sive, arrogant, hypocritical, beastly white selor for Spanish-speaking people in Chi­ student at Queens CoUege, have all re­ too much. My people and I have given their imperialist and racist countryo I am not for cago, refused induction after being denied fused induction. very soul for this country - no more1 imperialism but against it; my allegiance C.O. statuso Befere Federal Judge Hubert On Feb. 5 at 2:00 porno I refused to with this country is to build it through Will sentenced him to 3 years in prison, 'Nashville - Gary Williams, active board an aircraft going to Tachikawa, change and self-determination for and by Aviles read this statement: "The Vietnam in the Southern Students' Organizing Com­ Japan as I previously stated, On Feb, 6 black people, We are related by blood, War is not a war of the people ••• and mittee refus.:d inductiono I reported to Major Long and told him of culture and common experiences of hard­ those super-patriots who do support the my refusal to accept this or any assign­ ship suffered by this racist system, On government in this war are undermining New Jersey - Emmett Schaefer re­ ment until black people are free 'here in the international s c e n e there are two the basic principle on which this country fused induction. Americao Major Long ordered me to get groups of people: the haves and the have­ was founded - a government by the my mobility paperwork, I obeyed this nots; the whites and the non-whites, The people, for the people and of the people Oroville, Calif. -Fred Lon- order, Upon returning I was instructed to whites are the haves and the non-whites • 0 • I acted in the right way. lf 1 must idier and Bruce Murray, both full-time se.: Lt. CoL Buckwalter. I also explained are the have-nots. The same is true for pay a price, I am ready to pay that price. Peace Corps volunteers, have refused to him my reasons for not accepting this this country 0 Blacks have beendisillusion­ Al:hough I am afraid, I am not sorry be­ induction. A third peace corps man, Mal­ or any assignmenL Lto CoL Buckwalter ed, frustrated, humiliated, alienated and cause I believ:e I am right." colm Dundas, is now serving an 18-month s aid he was willing to forget this incident brutalized by white people and this is the Also in Chicago, Jeremy Mott was sentence for refusal. if I boarded another aircraft leaving for issue I speak to, FollOWing the dictates of sentenced to five years in jailfor refusing The Movement congratulates and sup­ Tachikawa, Japan later that day. I re­ my black consciousness, I 'have no other to do civilian alternative service as a ports all these men and their brothers all peated my refusal whereby I was placed alternative but to refuse to be inducted. recognized conscientious 0 b j e c tor. He over the country who are refusing to under arrest and restricted to my quarters I think it foolish to embrace a system that worked for 9 months under government serve, orders and then wrote this letter of until further notic~, destroys laws,, customs, and people of I am writing this letter because I know ~~ .~,., ~~ ~~ ,.,.., ,.,.., ,.,.., I will not get a fair court martial with a military attorney, I do not have sufficient how best to reach those we don't know -­ think the only reason we're going back funds to hire an attorney therefore I am CON'T fROM PAGE 4 but first we have to get ourselves to­ to the center is simply to fulfill some asking for your help legally or any advice gether. kind of death wish or to support the Oak­ or recommendations you can give me, If This community work we are doing, land Seve'n. That's a whole lot of crap. you cannot help me, help those of my people and the support we have already received, The decision to go back wasn't made by you are able to help. REACHING' OUI IS not something that has been conjured the leadership, .it was made by the kids up in the last two months. In many ways, who were beaten and busted, and by the it is the result of the impact the October thousands who couldn't or wouldn't par­ Yours truly, individuals involved indicates we can get' STOW had on the community. ticipate in October. George S. Edwards them to pick up the defense work for Many people agreed with our position This commitme'nt to return to Oakland STOW and take over the watch dog oper­ against the war and the draft from the is based on a gut rage against the war ation at the center. beginning -- but found no way to par­ and the draft, and to show the Admin­ Oakland, Calif. -Acourt rul- Now that's just the beginning. There are ticipate. And other people were for the istration they can't come across with ing prevented the Army from shipping out many organizations to be contacted, and first time made aware that the Vietnam indictments and storm troopers without two soldiers who wish to file for C.O. door-to-door work has to start. Our war has come home -- and that all levels suffering great political cost and a dis­ status within the Army, Jbis is the first purpose is: a) to educate the community of authority and police enforcement are location of American society. time that the Oakland Army Base has been as to what we are doing and why, b) to tied to the political aims of the Admin­ To accomplish this, we have to get ordered to restrain its orders while a neutralize much of the hostility towards istration -- not to "law and order." outside of ourselves and realize we're not soldier's personal-status application is STOW type demonstrations, and c) to the, only people or section of the popu­ being processedo In fact, the Army has develop a vehicle for community par­ Expanding Our Base lation who share this rage or endorse never before allowed soldiers to file the ticipation in the action. this resistance. And even if we were, C.O. form in Oakland, which is the point of Community participation in STOW aC- The obstacle to expanding this com­ 1 we couldn't do it alone. To get the com­ embarkation for Viet Nam. tivities will apparently take place on two munity work and broadening our base of munity together we have to get our­ The soldiers are Steve Mason and John levels: in the newly formed STOW non­ support -- and thereby increasing the selves together. And that's what has to Campbell. Both had been AWOL for 30 'student organizing committee (set up at the chance. of building an on-going organ­ happen between now and that week in days. (A soldier has to be AWOL for 60 Feb. 26 meeting of the Bay Area steering ization or movement -- is our own self­ April•• days for charges to be pressed). They committee by several workers and a few image and sense of purpose. found out that- over 2,000 soldiers are Community organizers): and through di­ Many people around STOW seem to AWO L in the Bay Area alone and predict rect support for STOW by Community that many of them will now file for a organizers. change of statuso Easy To Do Elsewhere Specialist Frederick Chard, The support we've already received was A CHANGE a top security clearance serviceman on obtained by making individual contacts in For sh;>rp-eyed readers who notice leave from Okinawa, refused to return unions and community groups. It didn't take that the mastheadreads April and wonder there after seeing Felix Greens movie much effort. People want to ta!k about it. what happened to March, the change is to 'Inside Vietnam' and having read articles Just find out from past experience who aid news-stand circulation where any­ MOVEMENT CARS GET about the Gulf of J:onkin resolution •. 0 are some of the people who have gone thing dated the current month is consid­ TENDER LOVING CARE After refusing the official order on J an­ on record against the war or the draft and ered out of date. Subscriptions are for AT uary 19, he announced his refusal on T.V. talk to them first. These people helped twelve issues so ,there will be no change Eric Mann was inspired by Chard's T.V, us find out who should be approached in in the number of issues subscribers re­ performanceo Mann, a draftee, was or­ their group for official action -- either ceive. dered to report to Fort Lewis, Washing­ in terms of getting on their group's Earl's ton, for transfer to KoreaoHe refused the agenda or themselves introducing some i , .. transfer order and made his announcement kind of resolution or action proposal. VOLKSWAGEN public on several West Coast radio sta­ This type of community work is the ANEW NEWSPAPER tions. easiest, but it is also just about the most There's a new newspaper for soldiers important because of the necessity of called VIETNAM GL Published in Chi- 1830 SAN PABLO AVE. FROM THE OUTSIDE: building some kind of unity or mutual cago with an advisory board of Vietnam respect among those who oppose the war veterans, it's mailed first class for BERKELEY Washington, D.C.- Jan, Bailey, 25 and the draft. some semblance of privacy. Contents in- year old SNCC organizer in Washington, The hardest part is mobilizing com- clude a lot of interviews with vets back became the 17th SNCC worker to refuse ml'nity people as individuals to participate from Vietnam, It's free to soldiers. Sus- induction into the U.S o Army. He read in the acton. Here again, we've started taining subs are $10 a year. VIETNAM this statement in front of the induction with people we know on the docks or con- GI needs people to spread the word and center in Baltimore Marylas one of their functions the gather­ KEEPING WITH THE HISTORY OF THIS of gambling, whore.;.hunting,"expeditionary relatively few blacks in the Central Com­ ized. He has read in Party training worked 24 hours." He showed me the ing of blood for liberation struggles around COUNTRY, WITH ITS INTERNATION­ Americans, they challenge us to press m ittee of the Party - a sign ofits student headlights on his tractor. (Later 1 did see the world. (They also administer public .;CONTINUED ON P. 10 ALIST AND REVOLUTIONARY SPIRIT. hard against American chauvinism. origins.) It would be unfair, he said, to PAGE 8 THE MOVEMENT APRIL 1968 How the Man Breaks a Strike

Editor's Note: A recent strike in Laurel, Miss., between Local 5-443 of the Inter­ to be frank, we knew all the time what with the white union leaders to discuss national Woodworkers of America (lWA) and the Masonite Corporation points up what we had to do. Then came the Civil Rights an arrangement whereby the black work­ trade-union experts "in the South have been saying for some time: -that industries in Act (1964) and a suit was filed by six ers would honor the strike. But, said the the region plan to use divisions between white and black workers in a new way. of our brothers-one white and five black workers, any such meeting would For several generations the owners of land and industry have kept political and eco­ colored. ,. have to be on the initiative of the whites. nomic control by getting white workers to believe they had an identity of interest with "When we integrated, the whites had They would make no effort to set up the the owners because of the color of their skin. At the same time, black workers were the numerical strength. They were 75 meeting. We rep"orted this conversation to Jolly pushed to the lowest rung of the ladder. per cent of the union. Candidates were I and other union leaders. We pointed out Today, because of the new strength of black people and their movement for free­ put up for office and everybody voted along racia1 lines. None of the colored that we were not in any sense represent­ dom, employers can no longer keep them down. So the employers now try to convince candidates were elected and they never ing the black workers; that they were black workers that they will do better by going along with management rather than with "ran again." not our clients and we had absolutely no the white workers. Jolly calls that election a mistake. influence in the black community. We The result is the same: - a division which benefits nobody but the employer. The stressed to them that they would have Laurel strike is typicaI because it also involves the question of automatic machines' He says: "I, from a practical stand­ point, thinking of the union first, don't to gain the trust and confidence of the replacing people; it also involves the continued moving of more industries into the want to freeze the colored out, because black workers themselves. South. we need them. If some of our colored J oIly and the others asked us what Robert Analavage, assistant "editor of The Southern Patriot, tells the story from the members hadn't broken this strike and we thought they should do. We told them standpoint of both the black and white workers. It is hoped that this analysis will help gone back to work this strike would they should contact the leaders of the all of us to understand the necessity for black-white unity in the struggle for economic be over." black strikebreakers. They asked us and political democracy in America. We asked what could be done to avoid whom they should talk with. We told _..__r__ ------similar splits in the future. "Only thing them they should know who the leaders By ROBERT ANA LAVAGE In fact, some union officials said that I can see is that we've got to form a of the black strikebreakers .were, and (Reprinted from the Southern Patriot) Masonite had planted agents in the plant coalition," Jolly went on. "White and added that we could not act as go-be­ to discover ways to divide the workers. colored in the local will have to get to­ tweens. LAUREL, Miss. -The strike formally These agents seem to have decided that gether and come up with some candi­ When they mentioned "good friends" the long history of division between began in April, 1967, when a shop stew­ dates from both races and everybody they had in the black community, we black and white people made it possible ard was fired by a foreman." The steward will have to back them. Otherwise this suggested that these "good friends" to pit them against each other. was backing two workers in their refusal thing will continue to split us." were probably not the leaders of the to do work not included in their job In reality the Laurel local is two locals militant workers. We said t'hat a new descriptions. -one white, comprising 75 percent of The Need for Coalition spirit was abroad in the black com­ But it began a long time before that. the membership, the other 25 percent Coalition. A magic word these days. munity, and it would be up to them to It began when Masonite brought in a black. Until a few years ago the black Quite simply it means the coming to­ figure out how to deal with that spirit team of efficiency experts to determine workers were in a sub-local. Although gether of people with similar problems in the interest of unity. how to make the most profits with the more than 500 blacks were members of to fight a common enemy. It does not J oIly and the other said they ~ould fewest workers at the lowest cost. The the local and felt that the 1500 white mean love or brotherhood or integration, consider what we had told them and that experw suggested that the pli'.nt be totally workers accepted them as fellow ,trade­ unionists, they still did not feel they although it could mean or lead to !!oIl of they would try to work out something. reorganized, with automation the eventual these things. However, Jolly said that it wasn't just goaL were really a part of the union. But coalition does require two ingredi­ a simple matter of the union leadership Masonite calls its operation here the No black people were elected to office ents, and one of these is strength. The going to the black strikebreakers and largest hardboard plant in the world; in the local. Officials of the local now mostly white local did have strength and bargaining over concessions. it produces a $250,000 weekly payroll see this as a mistake. Some realize that had shown it many times in previous The union members honoring the strike for the Laurel area. The company and the a program of education might have strikes. The question is: Did the black had already taken the necessary steps local, largest in Mississippi, have had brought about the unity they needed in this strike. minority in the union have any strength? to impose sanctions, if they chose to do bitter struggles over the years, but no- I believe Jolly answered that when he so. against those who had abandoned the -l}ing to rival this one. ___ "The Union's Position said, "If colored members had not gone strike. Jolly emphasized that the black This time the local, considered the back to work the strike would be over." strikers had also voted for these steps. most militant in the state and possibly In order to assess the whole situation in the South, saw the actions of the better, Bob Zellner, Jack Minnis and I company as the opening of an effort met with seven or eight members of the to destroy the local completely. It did . local's leadership-all white. The strike not hesitate to strike once it felt its had been going on for months and the

interest threatened, local found it difficult to get its side of oo~ -4> 0 The st n'kers set up mass piC. ke t I'mes the story to the public. The Laurel news-. ~ d f d t II . I d' paper had even refused to sell the umon 'ao » an re use 0 r. ow a~y~ne, mc u mg space to explain its position. oo~ management personnel, InSide the plant. ~ Hulse Hayes, a lawyer from the firm of ~eanwhile, Masonite was recruiting ),1'" 00 ...0 the late anti-union Senator Robert Taft strikebreakers from Georgia, Texas, and 4>..c ;:: Co went to court for Masonite, seeking a~ other parts of Mississippi...... 0'-' injunction against the union's activities. "They had the whole Ole Miss football "'~ Co'1: A lower-court judge upheld the strik- team scabbing in there," said J. D. Jolly, 00'" ers' right to picket peacefully, so Hayes president of the local. ..{',. ~...,., o 00, Cl::..c appealed to the Mississippi Supreme A Wackenhut guard had been slain ...... 1:,-.. Court. the day we met with Jolly and other ~ 0 4> C e ~ During the court proceedings the local leaders of the union. The room was 1. .~".#. ,\(/ <.... C: ;. argued that it had been pushed into the tense as we sat down with these men. ...~;.";4> '" =: 4> I: strike and so was unable to give the re- We were very frank about the fact Z "'< quired ten days' notice before striking. that we were in the civil-rights move-. ~l The local subpoenaed documents and ment. Minnis explained that at one time ::C'" U bt; exposed Masonite's reorganization plan. we had all worked for SNCC. He said ~e -< I: The documents also showed that the were now with SCEF and were inter- ~ .~ company had hired Wackenhut guards ested in building unity between black COOz ... 10 days before the strike began. and white working people in the South. - I: These guards come from the same M' n' t Id th th t t d ~-a " m IS 0 e men a we wan e E-<_ pnvate detectIVe agency used by Gover- to hel'f ld b t ddt , 4> " PI we cou , u we nee e 0 nor Claude Kirk to pohce the state of unde sta d th flit f th t'k Z .. Florida. r n e.u na ure 0 e s 1'1 e. ~ = ·.... The men were sIlent for a moment. cj StIll the MISSISSIPPI Supreme Court Th J II k "W d ' '" . en 0 y spo e up: e on t care granted the InJunctIOn. The stnke was h I h I . . . w 0 you are as ong as you can e p." ruled Illegal, and It was made a cnme I thO k 't" t k J II . '. m I IS Impor ant to now 0 y. for the mternatlOnal umon or anyone .. . . 'k Th k HIS lIfe has been dedicated to the local eIse t 0 support the st 1'1 e. e wor ers .. . carne· d on aIone. and to the"cause of trade-umomsm. HIS name was III the headlmes briefly in 1964 Wackenh~t set up outp~sts all over after a white union official was beaten Th" majority of the black workers "Our local is a democracy and we have the. Masomte property, .wlth shotgun- by the Ku Klux Klan for backing a had uS'ed their stren th but the used to abide by the majority will," he said. totmg guards ent.renched m sand-bagged N .. . h .. . g , y '. egro In a gnevance agamst t e com- It agamst the umon. They gave rea. bunkers. The plant looked more lIke a pany. Jolly declared that the union would f thO h' h I'll . t fortress than a factory. '. sons or IS, w IC WI go In 0 The Strikebreakers' View . go to war With the Klan, If necessary, shortly, but first we need to stress that . . The local had been through It all be- to stop further such acts. the black unionists did not act as a The meetmg we had had With the black fore. As recently as 1964 the men had He was frank about the local's history. unit. Although about 300 blacks helped strikebreakers revealed how they felt conducted a bitter wildcat strike. They "You have to understand the nature of to break the strike about 200 sup- about the whole business. One of their saw the. 1967 walkout as just another in the South to understand it",.he said pre0 t d 't'I. supporters was Mrs. Susie Ruffin, a vet- a series of battles between capital and "Because of this, we once had a sub- eran in the freedom movement and. now labor, and described it in those terms. local. All colored, with their own officers. The other ingredient needed for a a member of the Mississippi Freedom As in the past, the workers felt that The different races did occasionally at- coalition is trust. And the black people Democratic Party (MFDP). their union would stand firm. They had tend each other's meetings. There were who refused to take part in the strike She is very militant but was opposed no doubt about the outcome. But one three colored workers on the negotiating simply did not trust the white members to the strike. She arranged for us to factor had changed since 1964. This committee and they took part in contract of the union. meet some of the black strikebreakers was the growing number and strength deliberations. When we talked with the black men in her home. They agreed to talk but of black workers and the efforts· of ilie "It wasn't integration; it wasn't seg- who went back to work, they said there only on condition that their names be romnpn" to pn"'Djnltln'..G...-_"~ ",_ J .J.....: __ ~ co· •J P'~ '''we .....p.uJ leganurr.-;::ftill ... well, OUi iilteiilatiunal .. liS It sliJ!:'ftt possibility that they and .. ithheld. Theil Rames aFe J19t ilJlP9F ees. (" 'ion prohibited segregatIon and, other non-strikin/t blacks would meet tant; their views are. APRIL 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 9

They had supported strikes before, in­ company's side. They've had some bad "The colored workers (who went back to save as many jobs and as many bene­ cluding wildcats. One man who had strikes down there. If they destroy this to work) make up the numerical differ­ fits as possible under the circumstances. walked the picket line for six months in local, unionism in Mississippi will be set ence and give the company hope-of win­ A preferential hiring list was set up 1964 said: back decades. Masonite laid a trap for ntng the strike," J oily said several weeks for those men still out at the time of the "What did it get us? Nothing them and they walked right into it." before the end of the strike. settlement." (There were over 1,200 men, changed; we were still treated like What the company had done was to We talked with people in SNCC, the more than half of the local, still on second-class citizens, like niggers. win many allies in the black community MFDP and the Delta Ministry about the strike when the agreement was signed.) Ain't no Negro union officials. There's by upgrading a few blacks in the plant possibility of working together to build As for the company's reorganization only four black s'hop stewards, and and ending segregation in the wash­ a black-white coalition to aid the local. plan, Roley said, "we'll try to resolve they don't have authority over whites. rooms. They all saw possibilities in the situa­ . whatever we can." "The union never asks us for help Minnis described how it worked in tion, but were busy with other things Members of the local scoff at this. until something like this comes up. To the Patriot last month: "Thus when they felt were more important. They described the agreement to me as put it right down, Negroes are just sick management was confident that it had Two weeks before the strike ended, a "a sellout, a sweetheart contract." and tired of being fooled by whites. But the loyalty of enoug'h black workers it statement did come from the MFDP,' Sources within the local also say they no more. I'm so tired of my people being began upgrading black workers in a which is made up almost wholly of black have learned that the militants who led walked on." way that was certain to drive the people, the strike will not be rehired-ever. Ad- We asked another man what he white workers into a wildcat." thought about the union. Mrs. Ruffin Jolly had told us that this very up­ broke in: "It's a den of Kluxers." The grading of blacks had caused friction man agreed with her. Yet, when we ran with the whites, but he also admitted down a list of union officials, he and the that the black men had previously "had others referred to only one of them as the dirtiest, the filthiest, the roughest a Klansman. They called all the local jobs." officers "good· union men." However, Masonite is no crusader for Herbert Ishee, the financial secretary, the rights of black people. It has a plant added: "There are some Klan on the in the Union of South Africa where its negotiating committee. They're good black workers are the most exploited in unionists, pretty good boys, but I don't the world. It also needs to Le pointed believe in their politics." out that the company was simply com­ As for the widely held belief in the plying with a U. S. Government OI;der ,. black community that the Klan con­ when' it ended segregation in the wash­ trols the local, Jolly said: "Sure, we rooms. have Klansmen in the local but they Claude Ramsey arranged for us to don't control it. I'll fight anyone-any talk with E. K. Collins, attorney for outside group-that tries to take over Local 5-443. Collins is also state senator this local." from Jones County. He is most widely We asked one of the black workers known to the civil-rights movement as why he refused to take part in the strike. attorney. for the regular Democratic He said: "You know, after the Civil Party in Mississippi, which fought off Rights Act the company integrated the the challenge of the Mississippi Free­ facilities at the plant. Washrooms and dom Democratic Party at the Democratic showers. The whites kicked up a fuss. National Convention in Atlantic City in "I don't appreciate a man using me 1964. He has a reputation for being a ... saying we're together when there's strong trade-union supporter. It looked more like a fortress than a factory a strike and then kicking up a fuss be­ "I signed the first union card in this cause we're using the same facilities. state," he told us proudly. "I once Another thing, the whites didn't even worked for John L. Lewis (of the The Strike is Broken ditionally, all strikebreakers will keep consult us when this strike began. Not United Mine Workers)." He said that their jobs. one word, like they figured we'd support On December 12, 1967, after seven and as a boy "I had a job carrying water for What is clear is that Masonite ex­ it anyway. I didn't desert the union; a half months, the Laurel strike came the workers-white and colored." ploited the social divisions between the the union deserted me." to an end. In San Francisco, an agree-' Senator Collins said he had been one unionists masterfully, like pawns in a None of the black workers considered ment was reached between the. inter­ of the original organizers of the Laurel giant chess game. Whether the same themselves anti-union. They said: "A national union, the Masonite Corp., and local and obtained its charter. "It was tactics will be used in other areas, as worker has to be in a union for his own the federal mediation service. the first union chartei· in the state," he Claude Ramsey and E. K. Collins pre­ security. We have good wages and job We happened to be in the Union hall added. dicted, seems hardly open to question. security only because of the union's the day the agreement was announced. The burning resentments of black work." The attorney said he agreed with "Ain't it a shame," one rank-and-file workers exist everywhere; the failure, However, all of them were highly Ramsey),.-'charge of a conspiracy to member told us, "we don't even get to even the refusal, of some white work­ critical of Local 5-44:' for allowing seg­ bust alI unions in Mississippi. "No vote on it." ers to cope with this also exists every­ regated job classifications. They all said doubt about it," he declared. "If they J. D. Jolly and the rest of local where. If the tragedy of Laurel is they wanted to stay in the union, "if break this union, the shipbuilders in 5-443's officials were removed from not to be repeated, this situation must only it would change." Pascagoula are next and after that office and the local was placed in trustee­ be corrected.· We asked them if they would be will­ t'he paper mills in Natchez and Moss ship, which meant that all property, Blacks have said they will not initiate ing to meet with the white unionists to Point." finances and other assets of the local any reconciliation because they feel they try to work out such differences. With "You see, there are all kinds of com­ came under the complete control of the have been betrayed too many times in the balance of power they held in this panies up North that want to bring internationaL t.he past. Therefore, whites will have to strike, there was a possibility they could plants down South because of cheap A man of about 50 said, "one Qf make the first move, Unity remains the win concessions they wanted from the labor. And every Chamber of Commerce these days it's all coming to a 'head working men's only protection; other­ local, since the whites had now seen the is backing them." and it's going to be settled with guns. wise they will continue to be the victims. need for unity. (We were also told that all elements There's going to be one final battle Masonite can now dictate conditions If an understanding was reached be­ of the local power structure, including between capital and labor." and wages and, as the directors of that tween the two groups, it could be guar­ the Laurel Chamber of Commerce, The agreement was' explained to the company can tell you, it will be a long anteed by the strength of the blacks; backed Masonite in the strike; indeed, Pat1-1.ot by Ronald F. Roley, Portland, time before the workers of Laurel will the white workers would know that only "the city attorney represents the com­ Ore., international president of the again have the strength to challenge united action would bring gains from pany in disputes with the workers.") union, on the ground that "our aim was them.... the company in future disputes. We asked Collins about the Klan ele­ Here was shown the need for a black ments in Local 5-443. He said he had caucus within the union. Blacks have evidence that there were 65 Klan mem­ usually mistrusted white people in bers in the union, but he also pointed out similar situations because so many that the local had published a manifesto The MFDP StatelDent promises have been made and t'hen against the Klan in the Laurel news­ broken w'hen the black people were paper. The MFDP is investigating the strike in Laurel, Mississippi by the no longer considered necessary. A International Woodworkers of America OWA) local against the Masonite caucus within the union would make The Strike Continues corporation, because this strike alf~ts every member of the MFDP in sure that there would be no back­ As the strike continued, there were Mississippi. sliding on promises made and agree­ bombings and at least five killings which If Masonite can kill the union in Laurel, this will set back both Negro ments reached between the black and authorities blamed on some of the and white workers 30 years. Whatever the result of the strike, it will be white workers. strikers. However, the black workers copied by management and members of the Mississippi Management Asso­ However, this did not appear to be in told us that none of this was aimed at ciation to crush union organizing in Mississippi. Without unions, working the minds of the black people, as re­ them. The violence seemed directed at people can be fired without cause by management, they lose their right to flected by these comments: whites breaking the strike. collective bargaining, better working conditions, higher wages and decent Mrs. Ruffin-"If only those white peo­ At the height of the violence, the Mis­ vacations with pay. ple would come to us equal and bar­ sissippi Highway Patrol sent extra men Members of both races are, working at Masonite and are also on strike. gain...." to Laurel and the National Guard was Masonite claims that the union is completely controlled by the KKK. This A worker-"I've seen something of placed on alert. places Negro employees in the unfortunate IJosition of having to choose these whites for years. They can't be Soon there were 900 men working in between the KKK or Masonite. This is too simple and too frightening to trusted. I see no reason to talk with the plant, which was reported working be true. them." at 45 per cent of capacity. The 900 It is to Mas'Onite's advantage to emphasize the KKK element in the Another worker-"If they would come men were about equally divided amon/! union. This keeps black and white workers apart. Since 1964 the union has to us and ask us like men." white unionists who had returned to held integrated meetings, yet it ~as only since the strike began in April Setting a Pattern work. strikebreakers (white) brought that Masonite gave Negro workers many good jobs previously reserved in from other areas, and DiacK union­ for whites'. But it is important to understand the history of t:he KKK's In Jackson, where we talked with ists who had refused to join the strike. power in Jones County. This power affects not only the union but Masonite Claude Ramsey, head of the Mississippi But Masonite was being hurt, A and every important economic and political institution in Jones County. AFL-CIU, he gave us a larger perspec­ Standard & Poor's bulletin reported at The FDP is and has always been on the side of FREE trade unionism. tive on the Laurel strike. He saw the the end of the summer that there had We refuse to swallow Masonite's claim of complete KKK control of the Masonite strike as part of a plan to been a substantial decrease in ·Masonite union. We have found that labels, -whether Communist or KKK, prevent destroy trade-unions in the state. He earnings due in part to strikes in Ohio people from thinking and cover up the real issues. believed the Mississippi Manufacturers' and in Laurel. Star/danl & POO1"S also The Klan issue should not force Negro workers to reject unionism. A Association was involved. stated that Masonite had sold more than man should not be deprived of his right to a job or a right to belong to a "Masonite is the beginning of a pat­ 210,000 acres of prime Mississippi tim­ union solely because he is a member of the KKK. Only if we protect the tern," he declared. "This local has al­ ber to St. Regis Paper Co. for $35 mil­ rights of all men to freedom of association and speech, no matter how ways been radical and a thorn in the lion. unpopular their cause, will our own rights be preserved. .. PAGE 10 THE MOVEMENT A PRJ L 19Ei8-

GITLIN ON CUBA CON'J fROM PAGE 1 \ schools, and Cubans who have studied neutralizing that one - we sometimes triumph in 1959, many veterans of the event had become part of a common his work were astounded to hear that assume that this is everyone's eternal 26th-of-July Movement suffered the para­ heritage, passed on along the chain of gen­ some Americans treat him as a prophet responsibility, and our sole METIIOD of lysis and collapse which follow on over­ erations. of race. orgalllzlllg. (On the need for political work and unexpected victory.) It is painfully clear that America is not progress, see Staughton Lynd. "TIle Good The Cubans even used the same term: blessed with the kind of continuous revo­ Bourgeois Legality Society," TI1E GUARDL\N, February 171. Ql:EM.\RSE, literally "to burn oneself." lutionary his tor y which many Cubans Cuba also stands as a model of what it .\gain, the conditions are dramatically dif­ possess as their own, and possessed long When they try to think back before their is this system wants to discredit and de­ ferent for us, bllt it might help to know before the revolution. Radical historians triumph, to gather some image of capi­ stray. That sheer huge fact should not be­ that we are not the first movement in his­ are helping us invent our history, but for talism by which they might measure the come our politics, but must never be ab- tory to have felt the very personal pains now that history usually seems to come internal life of the U.S., Cubans remem­ sent from them. • of treadwill and uncertainty. from outside ourselves. No only do the ber org.lnized torture, a censored press, LESSON 112: Vast bureaucracy is not an LESSON #5: Revolution h3S a history. schools cheat us. not only is :\merica Batista's usurpation of power before the inevitable, uncombattable feGture of eco­ tvlen haV'e spread the feeling of the need, irr.ponderably huge, but too many Al'leri­ 1952 elections, and othe:( blatant signs nomic development. The two-year Cam­ and limits of its program, without having cans have learned to deny their history, of oppression. They assume American paign Against It sent thousands of seat­ to believe that revoilition would come to­ needing to believe that they stand some·· capitalism to have this uniform quality. warmers into productive work and into IJlOrrOW, and in so doing they have raised how outside the past. Radicals are seen l\"ews of .\merica in the press is news local branches of national structlires. It and cleared the sights of common people. as upstarts, new arrivals, (How many of comb.ll - Viet Nam, counter-revolu­ turned out that the larger bureaucracies e\ en in times of the most shrunken pos­ Chicagoans would attend an anniversary tion, mdcrnpolitics. demonstr3tions, po­ were not necessarily the m"~t efficient: s ibi lities. remembrance of the Ilaymarket Riot? Ilow litical drrests. the assaults on black often the way round..\nd point was not This year. one of the common hill­ many in Pittsbur~h have even heard of the peoplc - dnd this reality is often taken simply to meet the lahar shortal,'e ~lnd bOolrds in flavana reads' '1868-1968: 100 Ifomestead Strike?). His tor y somehow to the Ei'\TlRE .\merican reality. to implant manual skills but to vitalize \T.\RS OF STRLC(;LC.·' This is no glib stopped as .\merica ascended to w.)rld Thrcc editors of the Young Commun­ local life and m'lltiply centers of initia­ rhetoric, TIle Ten Ye.lr \\'..11' for Indepen­ power. TIlis \merica is So frightfully mod­ ists' evenin~ newspdper, circulation 70, tive. The entire central Su~ar :\linistry is dence beg'ln in 1868. under the leadership ern it sometimes seems not to h.lve a Pdst 000, asked why the U.S. government tol­ now run with a staff of 30; the :\linistry of the black .\ntunio 0.1elceo. Pe.'sants at all. 131acks and :\lexican-:\merkans erated radical publicdtions. TIle concept of Interior Commerce, which supervi.~es and tml"llspeuple attacked the Spdnish gar- sho\\" us differently. but voyeuristic history of bourgeois legality, of formal if em­ all stores and the distribution of goods, ,rison of [)ayclITlO. a town in Oriente is no history at all. battled civil rights, was new to them. was cut in one yed'r from 2000 to 80; (traditiondlh' the most revolutionary pro­ Our own cclebrations are not enougl~ and Never mind that these rights are com­ the Ministry of Cduc.ltion, from 1250 to \ ince). TIle Span ish retreated from thc city they are nesicle my point. 1'\01' will it help ing to be more honored on paper than in 250. The flow of pap~r hoIS becn elimina­ ,I nd regruuped. and the rebels knew they to bemoan the sad and stllbborn ignorance prdctice, that their political function is to ted where possible. :\I;l~azines are pub­ would hel\'e to ahandon their conquest. Ha­ of the .\mericans, sad and stubborn as it is. tame oPPosition. The point is that the very lished with very small, hard-worki n~ ther than relUrn it to Sp.lllish hanJs. they The simple and obvious but striking point ide..l of Western civil'liberties came as a staffs, and some enterprises (like Edu­ burned iL to the L'rouncl. about the Cuhdn revolution is that its con­ surprise. cGtion) encour.lge their st.tffs to do their I h.lJlpened to pass throuL'h !layanlO on tinuous history f1.\0 TO BE :\L\DE, over On the other hand, government officials own typing. so that secretaries may he the cenrcnolry ni~ht of the burnine>. Uan­ ,mel over and over a.gain. The Vietnamese and some students are less mystified. (Yet freed to become teachers. uary 12 I. ;'\o\\" a city of 80.UilO. thin! rcvolution in its present phase may be even the sharpest and best informed have Radicals have often concedeJ that hu­ 1,1 1';.': eo' 1 in Oriente. [3elyamo is \'isihly t\\"() dolted from the founding of the lndochi­ trouble comprehending hippies. Or they reaucr;ltic top-down methods, thou~h de­ hundred \'eal:;; ne\\'er, iess haked and faded. nesc COIlllT1uni"t Party in 1930, Years of understand without understanding. How­ huamnizing, are after all more effkient, tholn l"Ulllp,n'oIhle cities. Tens ofth()LI.~dnds work in IJIC:;e S.\! \ LL cOlllltrjes were necJ­ ever, elaborately they are told of the Perhaps we give away half the P·ollllC. pf P<':Ul'le fniiTl III iles :lI-'lllnd L'athered th,lt cd. ohjectl\ e conditions aside. La sharpen a emptiness of midd Ie -class life ,lIld The Cubans seem to be IllO\ inL' tmvolrd nl~ht in Lhe P/'17.l de la I{e\'olilclon (I wei:" POl'ulclr con:-;cillusness which could sustain culture and the agony of durable radical models of organization -frcl'.cil<.:.ls the\ tuld it !ud heen known 11\ that name C\'en ,I l\ehel .\rrm or a National Liberation politics, they give way to M.\CHlSMO, are - that begin to enact thcir \'cl1ue~ hefure 1').:;1)1. \t the e.\CIl'l huul' Ilrc­ Front. or ,lilY other or'~anjzatilln form for insisting that long hair is .,SiSSY.") What and still get the job done, The ]1['()CCS5 I,., (ToI"k(;r~ \\(,I"e set uff frorll Ihc 1·"ufLOpS. that matter. 111e eneIll) cannot be relied on they can understand at once is that stra­ only just be.~un and encountcrs ob"tadc~. o.;\rTi"oll/in:~ the hlll'ninc:. I'C,I"dllls l'(lde to make our history ,Ind sprcad our alter­ tegies lor the liberation of Latin ,\merica but it is valued and emphdsized at Lhe .11'llllnd Ihe o.;lju,ll·e hl'oIlldi.~llInc: 111,I('hete~. IIdtl\e.~, and \\'eoll'enllISlllll'l\ creatures of are not designed for advanced industrial­ highest and the lowest levcls. !. ;o,:l'e,·t.l­ \ U·.rdill"Il'11 f'e.hant l'c\olulinn.tr'\ o.;ong events, ized societies. TI1ey were astonished and tions are raised: people lc.lril to he "I'" \\ ,I ~ pl.I\·ed fr"l!l a loudspeaker . .lnd that It will he SaI

SEALE ON BLACK LIBERATION ----_._------CaN'T fROM PAGE 3 to defend his home. It was necessary to we're going to have to change the situa­ Black people live all across this country, to make you ac c e p t those political de­ bring to Black people the understanding tion now, we're going to put a street light they've doubled, trippled and quadrupled cisions made when you try to disagree. that they were going to have to stand up early 1968; now they don't like the their police force, eqUipped them with in defense of rights of community, of the Panthers messing with them nohow. tanks, and all that -uh-uh, we got to stop' children, of your mothers, of our young, it brother, let's get together and unify. Power we have to defend ourselves starting with About Racism The Vietnamese have had political de­ point number seven, because we don't end When the Man walks up and says that cisions made in their country and they've self-defense there. Because Huey says we we're anti-white, I scratch my head and SurVival disagreed with them. So they saidno, we're still have to defend ourselves against the I say listen, anti-white, what do you going to defend ourselves right here on our gross unemployment we're subjected to, mean by that? He says why I mean you Brother Huey was concerned about the own land and we want you to withdrawfrom against the indecent housing we're sub­ hate white people. I say, me? hate a white nature of the survival of Black people. our land. Now, we can parallel the situa­ jected to, against the indecent education person? I say wait a minute man, let's That's why tonight and your standing sup­ tion When we see all these racist cops we receive, against the way Black men have a look at this. That's your game. port we are all going to be concerned about iR our community the way they are. But are jacked off into military service after That's the Ku Klux Klan's game. I'say him. I saw a picture in the paper where remember, that's only point seven of the he fought in the Civil War (150,000); in that is the Ku Klux Klan's game to hate one sister had a sign which said "Come program. But here is the key to deter­ World War I (350,000), World War II me, and murder me because of the color see about Huey." And so every court mine to deal with what real power is. (850,000) and all the way down to the of my skin. I say I wouldn't murder a per­ date I want everybody in this house to Power starts here. When people start come see about Huey at that courthouse' Korean yonflict and now we got this jive son or brutalize him because of the color saying that green power is where it's Vietnam war and sending our Black of his skin; I say yeah, we hate something and bring our friends to free Huey I at, let me hip you to something that brothers off to war at 90 miles an hour all right. We hate the oppression that we We got to learn to speak to what happens brother Huey P. Newton knew. He said and we say uh, uh. They've been promising live in. We hate cops beating black people out there. When we go to the court, where that during the Civil War there was the us things all these years and we say No. over the heads and murdering us. That's this brother got busted, you walk up to the North and there was the South. The North That's avery, very important point. what we hate. So if you got enough energy municipal court, and I know a lot of young had yankee money - green power, sup­ Every Black man' in his house should to get down and hate a white person just guys there, walk up in that court, do you posedly - and the South had Confederate be against the War in Vietnam. He's becau'se of the color of his skin, you're know what you see in that court - 90'% money - green power - supposedly. got to be. wasting a lot of energy and you better black people and the other ones who ain't He said, but when the North out number­ Huey brought it down to 'a practical take that same energy and put it into black are poor whites and our Mexican ed the South, and the North had all the level. When Huey organized his brothers, motion out there, because you know that brothers. Do they stop people in Pied­ guns, they said "your money ain't no more he didn't just run them out into the those oppressors mean business. mont brutalizinp- and intimidating them? good. You don't even have no more money. street with a zero understanding. Huey Black people, we are organizing to STO P We must begin to neutralize their So I'm saying, that the money is just the sat those brothers down and told them 12 racism, you dig it? When you stop racism, police force. In fact, we're in a pOSition tool by which you manipulate the power. basic points of law and how to exercise you stop brutality to murder black people then to demand that they withdraw from That's all. constitutional rights. Huey sat those by the racist occupying armyin our Black our communities because they occupy our The real power is manifested in the brothers down and talked to them. Huey community - that's what we're going to community just liKe a fo'reign troop occupy­ police forces, the National Guardsmen, taught those brothers that it wasn't a gun' stop: what's being done to lis. You dig it? ing a territory. Very important to under­ the racists who come down and occupy that was dangerous; it's the person behind Can you dig the w1,lite power structure ­ stand. This is a political speech for Black people in the community, to maintain it that's dangerous. Very important. Huey 'that racist police force - and how they've .Brother Huey. And see how basic it is?, their presence ang to try to make us taught the brothers the safety of those escalated the.situation? That before Watts It's not hard to understand at all. Every dupes. That we in our home, and I'm weapons. You haven't heard of one Black there were 1,300 cops, now there's 6,000 - time the power structure makes a political saying every black person in this house, Panther shooting another Black Panther. cops patrolling ·Black people; that in Oak­ decision upon any group of people, if the ever)' last one of you, put a shotgun in But for information ':' in one appearance land they had 350 cops just three and a half people disagree with the politicaldecision your home. Put a shotgun in your home. in court, Charles Garry, the lawyer, he years ago and now they've got a thousand that the power structure has made upon Yes sir, we must begin to deal with poli­ sai<1 that one cop down there shot the cops patrolling Black people. San Fran­ them, then the power structure gets guns, tics that way. other cop where Huey was. cisco's doubled its police force and every and force, and billy clubs, starts doubling Now look, The Blc>ck Panther Party for area of every major metropolis where and tripling the police force;and that is all Self Defense is a revolutionary party. Politics Revolution means that you got to get down Because Huey also says that politics is to the nitty gritty and change the Situation A LETTER FROM RAP BROWN war without bloodshed. But war is poli­ that we're in but don't miss any nits or tics with bloodshed. Let's get down to a any grits. That's very, vfry important. Parrish Prison little nitty-gritty here and see what is New Orleans, La. happening here. You have two kinds of More Than Cops February 21, 1968 contradictions: Antagonistic contradic­ tions, where there's fighting and where We're also struggling to show you that Being a man is the continuing battle of one's life; one loses a bit of manhood there's bloodshed, and you have non­ it wasn't only the cops, that it has to do with every stale compromise to the authority of any power in which one does not be­ antagonistic contradictions where there's with many other things - like a street lieve. arguing and debate. Now I'm pretty sure lifht at Market and 55th St. Three kids No slave should die a natural death. There is a point where caution ends and that Black people would prefer to have coming from Washington had been killed cowardice begins. . non-antagonastic contradictions. But two years prior. We got us a poverty For every day I am imprisoned I will refuse both food and water. My hunger is what's happened here? When the Man es­ program to get a street light out here for the liberation of my people, My thirst is for the ending of oppression. calates his police forces and doubles and and if you don't put a street light out I am a politiCal prisoner, jailed for my. beliefs - that black people must be triples them, and murders Black people here, the Panthers are going to get free. The government has taken a pOSition true to its fascist nature: those who in the community, and shooting them down, right out there and we're going to direct cannot convert, they must silence. This government has become the enemy of that isn't non-antagonistic. That's v e r y traffic, and we tie up traffic, then traffic's n:tankind. upon us. This is very, very important to just going to get tied up. Our kids aren't This car no longer alter our path to freedom, For our people, death has been the understand where the politics lie. We de­ going to get killed. We shot a petition in, only known exit from slavery and oppression. We must open others. ---­ sire, by defending ourselves andourcom- . in conjunction with the members of the • Our will to live must no longer supersede our will to fight, for our fighting wiD munity, by every man haVing a shotgun 'area there to the city council and they determine if our race shall live, To desire freedom is not enough, in his home, we desire non-antagonistic said some back talk about, oh we can't We must move from resistance to aggression, from revolt to revolution. contradictions. But we must defend our­ put one up until late 1968. We said, no, For every Orangeburg, there must be ten Detroits. For every Max Stanford and selves. We must organize; we must respect Huey, Newton, there must be ten dead racist cops, And for every black death, the kind of fashion that it's the man be­ i**-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*1 there must be Dien Bien Phu. hind the gun who's dangerous, and there lie Name_ -----'------*1 I Address_ _ .------I Brothers and Sisters, and all oppressed people, we must prepare ourselves both are' thousands and thousands of cops in lie City_ ---. --~--.-. *1 mentally and physically, for the major confrontation is yet to come. We mist fight. this country who are very, very danger­ lie StatL ,_Zip ~._ *1 It is the people who in the final analysis make and determine history, not leaders ous for the Black community. So let's or systems. The law which govern us must be made by us. come to the surface and think. Let's come lie BOOKS FROM HANOI *1 May the deaths of '68 signal the beginning of the end of this country. I do what I up to the sense of the whole situation. I in English I must out of the love for my people. My will is to fight. Resistance is not enough: Black people in this country, war has lie __ HO-CHI·MINH'S PRISON *11 aggression is the order of the day. been made upon you. Black people don't sit lie DIARY .75 * down and say, "Oh, nothing's going to I __BIOGRAPHY OF HO·CHI-MINH .50 II lie _HO-CHI·MINH: AGAINST U.S. * NOTE TO AMERICA: happen," Don't sit down and let a spon­ I AGGRESSION .50 I ie - ._GEN. VO NGUYEN GIAP: ONCE *1 taneous riot happen in the streets, where l AGAIN WE WILL WIN .50 1 If it takes 'my death to organize my people to revolt against you and to organize your we get corraUedand a lot of us shot up lie _ INITIAL FAILURE OF U.S. *1 jails to revolt against you, and to organize your troops to revolt against you, and to unorganized and spontaneous. Black peo­ 1* "LIMITED WAR" .50 *1 I __U.S. BIGGEST OPERATION I organize Y0!-1r children, your God, your poor, your country, and to organize man­ ple, organize. And, Black leaders ... 1* FOILED .25 * kind to rejoice in your destruction and ruin, then here is my life, BUT, MY SOUL you got them up here. I want to try to I _ON SOCIALIST REVOLUTION II BELONGS 1D MY PEOPLEI contribute to the leadership. I was forced 1* IN VIET NAM, 2 vols. 1.50 * LASlME TUSHINDE MBlLASHAKAI (Translated from Swahili:) out here and it's necessary for me to do it ,""-- VIETNAMESE STUDIES: *11 1""-- -- .SOUTH VIETNAM 1.00 WE SHALL CONQUER and I'm going to do my job. I'm saying 1* __VIETNAMESE WOMEN 1.00 *1 WITHOUT A DOUBT that Black leadership's h~re and let the I __FAILURE OF "SPECIAL I political power structure know where it's I* _FUNDAMENTALWAR" 1.00 *'I a't and the changes that we want and that 1* PROBLEMS 1.00 *1 GRADSTUDENTPROGRA BREAK OUT & IT NOW if it doesn't happen, then YOU will cause I SUBSCRIPTIONS I DO the political consequences in an organized 1* __VIETNAM COURIER, *1 AT SASKATCHEWAN a speech by Mike James, JOIN Com­ 1* 26 weeks 5,00 *1 fashion. The Man doesn't have us out­ 1 _,_VIETNAM (IliustrJ. I munity Union, given at the Chicago numbered, he has us outorganized. Come lie 12 months 5.00 *, If you are going to be a graduate student Coliseum, Spring '66. Now in pamphlet on now. lie Indicate quantity desired at left of *' and want to work on movement problems - 101. Write THE MOVEMENT. Good Now, let's go back to our brother Huey. I title & send payment with order to I concerned with communication, you may stuff! Concerning the situation, all right brothers lie CHINA BOOKS & PERIOJllCALS *1 be interested in the ••• very fluid ••• grad­ and sisters, I want to say this herel Free lie u.s. Gov't. Licensed Importer *1 uate program in communications at thl;' I & Distributor 1 Huey, Black power, Black power, you are lie 2929-24th Sl. San Francisco 94110 *' University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sas­ the power, the Black power to free Huey. !In California, , katchewan, Canada. If so, drop a line for ')F'/~ So Jet's stand together, let's free Huey. I add 5" sales tax on books) *' details to Bill Livant, Division of Social lie FREE CATALOGUE ON REQUEST I I want to thank you. • ~_!'_¥_j'_!'_¥_~_!"_¥- ¥) Sciences at the University. a~ YSETJ8 .. ICAP. PAGE 12 THE MOVEMENT APRIL 1968

Even if one feels that any significant much excitement over a Harvard profes­ change can come through involvement in s or, H. Stuart Hughes, one of the first of 'AMERICA, AMERICA electoral politics. McCarthy is hardly an the intellectual community to be opposedto alternativ~ to Johnson. His only virtue the war. He ran for office. with peace August 1964 marked the end of an era. impending doom. both from within and is his opposition to the war. When one con­ movement support, lost and diSappeared. It happened at the Democratic Convention without. Romney offered the good old siders the fact that to be' opposed to the The war went on. Then Senator Wayne at Atlantic City when the Mississippi American home remedy of prayer as the war is merely an indication of a modicum Morse became the hero. Although he didn't Freedom Democratic Party challenged solution. Nixon ofters Nixon. Then there of common sense (and how common sense run for President. the peace movement the Mississippi Democratic Party dele­ is George Wallace. whom no one should shines like heroism when everyone else tried to make him its leader and failed. gation and was rebuffed. It was then that regard lightly. He offerssome good~down­ is insane), then the interest in McCarthy For a brief few months another professor. the civil rights movemem died. All who home Alabama-style American fascism seems out of proportion to what the man has the UniverSity of Chicago's Hans Mor­ participated i.n. the MFDP chal1enge and _to take care of blacks. intellectuals. to offer. He is a conservativ·e Demo­ genthau was the hero with his appearances watched Reuther. Humphrey and the rest "peaceniks." and "hippies:' And he just crat (i.e•• a liberal Republican turned at teach-ins opposing the war. He, too,. of the liberal establishment maneuver to might get the chance. On the Democratic upside down) whose voting record in the disappeared and the war went on. Some­ get the MFDP to accept a compromise side, Johnson is assured of the nomina­ Senate is conSistent with representing where in between all that. Staughton Lynd knew that the last door for a non-violent. tion. The only challengeto him comes from the State of Minnesota., a mid-western assumed a leadership position of sorts, legal redress of grievances had been Eugene McCarthy, who is running for the agricultural state. but he too faded and the war went on. closed. nomination on his opposition to the Viet­ The interest. in McCarthy is a reflec­ Then came Dr. Spock, who has asked the August 1968 marks the end of another nam war. tion of the desperation and frustration courts for permission to retire to his era. In the four years between the Augusts. that many feel at this critical time. yacht in the Caribbean. until his trial. the nation has be~n an uprising -from the There have been countless demonstra­ Now along comes Senator McCarthy and ghetto. from the. campuses. from the Peace Movement &McCarthy tions: therevenue of The New York Times hopes rise once rrore. labor ranl.<-and-file who have involved the For many involved in the peace move­ has increased many-fold from the ads lf the peace movement had any other ·nation in one crippling strike after another. ment. McCarthy's opposition to the war placed in it stating opposition to the war: clear position except that it doesn't like the The Democratic Convention this year will is enougJi for them to actively support many are coming down with a skin ail­ war in Vietnam, the McCarthy candidacy be the scene for a major confrontation him. Even long-time political radicals. ment known as picket-sign-itis. Yet. would stir no interest. Because the peace around the issue of Vietnam. Just what who should know better, are supporting each large demonstration is countered movement is dividedover the effectiveness form the confrontation will take and what McCarthy. The interest that the peace with more troops going to Vietnam and of electoral politics, because its pOSition the outcome of it will be are still matters movement is taking in McCarthy tells us the conflict being intenSified. Although against the war is one of vague morality, of conjecture. more about the peace movement than it the demonstrations have 'been good for it is in the dangerous pOSition of haVing There is always a heightened interest does about McCarthy, for whom little those who have participated in them. its energy ..nd limited resources drained in politics during an election year. Twice positive can .be s.aid. Because his can­ their effect on U.S. policy has been nil. by McCarthy. The McCarthy campaign a decade Americans are given the oppor­ didacy has stirred such interest. it is Thus. people are frustrated, demoralized symboijzes a dead-end street that has tunity to express their wishes about how -indicative of the fact that the peace move­ and dissatisfied. Out of despair they are been gone down many tirres in the past this country is run. Eisenhower was voted memo with its bourgeois and student com­ attracted to Senator ....McCarthy. a man four years. It should be clear by now that into office on the slogan that''It's Time position. would rather follow any illusory who has not even advocated a pOSition on there is no redress of grievances through for a Change." Kennedy offered"The New hope rather than face the reality that a Vietnam, i.e. immediatewithdrawal. grad­ the democratic political process. This Frontier" . as an alternative to Eisen­ system capable of waging a war in Viet­ ual withdrawal. etc. He's just a man who was made evident at the 1964 Democratic hower's i'change." and Johnson offered nam is incapable of reforming itself; lf doesn't like the 'far. Convention. Yet a large number of good, to take us beyond the new frontiers into one were paranoid enough. he might think and well-meaning people cling to the dream "The Great Society." that MCCarthy's candidacy was a deliber­ that justice will come to America from a What we are being offered this time are ate maneuver calculated to subvert a Short Memory news conference on the steps of the White not slogans. but the cries of desperate good section of the peace movement. for The peace movement is not only suffer­ House. It is a dream that ifindulgedin any men. Nixon and Romney (until his with­ that is the main effect of his seeking the ing from frustration. but from a short longer will become fatal for the dreamer. drawal from the race) paint pictures of nomination. memory. In the early Sixties. there was Julius Lester

~ ."." ..,." ~." ~., .."." ."." ~." ."." ."." ." shot in the back. Forty to fifty more stu­ dents were wounded, an unknown ilUm­ NAACP Boycott ber beaten. Most of the wounded had to The NAACP has organized,a boycott of SLAUGHTER IN find rides out of town to be treated ­ white businesses in Orangeburg. Though it the local hospital refused. has been generally successful. the Afro­ The three dead are Sam Hammon, 18. American News S e r vic e reports that SOUTH CAROLINA killed outright by a blast of gunfire: NAACP mass meetings have been disrupt­ Delano Middleton, 17, who died an hour ed by black people and that much of the ORANGEBURG, S.C. - Eight years ago Chuck McDew, SNCC's second chairman, led after he was wounded while trying to shield black community feels the organization's student demonstrations to desegregate public accommodations in Orangeburg. The dem­ a friend: and Henry Smith,· 18, who was demands are not tar-reaching enough and onstrators were herded into a compound outside the city jail and hosed. Times have shot and then beaten. that its tactics do not match the communi­ changed, a little. Last month students attempted to desegregate a bowling alley in Sellers was wounded in the arm. He was ty~s anger and militancy. Orangeburg. They were fired on by the ·National Guard, three young black men were arrested in the school infirmary wbere he. Demonstrations in support of the killed, ten hospitalized with bullet wounds, and 30 jailed. Cleveland Sellers, a SNCC had gone for treatment and charged with Orangeburg students have been held at staff member who lives in Orangeburg is being held on $20,000 bail on a trumped-up inciting to riot'and assaulting an officer. more than 20 black colleges and included charge of inciting to riot. His bail, originally set at $50.000 dollars an uprising in Durham, N.C. where stu­ The mass media have attempted "to paint a picture of necessary force used against was lowered to $20,000, still too high to dents threw bricks and trash cansthrough a riot. That's their new thing when black folks are shot. In fact, the shooting was an get . him out. (!be desperately needed downtown windows after police opened unprovoked massacre of an unarmed protest rally. money for Sellers and the other students fire on their demonstration. in jail may be sent to Cleve Sellers De­ Orangeburg is only the latestin a series fense Fund, 360 Nelson St. S.W., Atlanta, of police attacks on black college communi­ Bowling Alley Bonfire Massacre Georgia 30313). ties. In the spring of 1967 cops invaded The trouble began on February 5 when On Thursday night a rally was held on the Guardsmen'continue to control Orange­ Texas Southern, fired into dormitories, students from South CarolinaState College campus, and a bonfire was lit. When they burg. In a messagefrom jail,Sellers urged arrested 280 students then charged five were turned away from an all-white bowl­ saw the fire, the 200 9uardsmen and 100 black studentgroups to sendsome message students with murdering a policeman who ing alley they were attempting to deseg­ state and city cops poised aroundthe cam­ of support to their fellow stUdents, since had been hit by a ricocheting bullet. (Their regate. When they returned to the bowling pus moved in. They opened fire on the they have been completely isolatedand are trials started this week.) Central State. alley the next day 20 students were arrest­ crowd, which was unarmed, and murdered left alone to dealwith the police of Orange­ Howard, and the reign of terror in Nash­ ed. Word circulated on campus and 600 three students. Two of the dead were burg and the state and the NationalGuard. ville last month are other examples. students went to the shopping center • where the bowling alley is located, de­ manding that those arrested be released. About 150 cops were called to the scene. ONL"Y 75¢ The jailed demonstrators were released, $1.00 EACH. to Movement but as the. rally broke up cops started to subscribers beat a number of women. The crowd re­ IiIAnT POSTERS! sponded by smashing windows of white SPECIAL BULK RATES owned stores. Twenty were hospitalized. On February 7 city and state police MALCOLM Xand CHE GUEVARA surrounded the schools and invaded the (22 x 28 inches) campuses. Several students were beaten by cO;Js. That evening local whites drove ·through the campus shooting. In town, whites attacked black owned stores. Gov­ (E.... ?jf;SUBSCRIBE TO THE MOVEMENm ernor Robert McNair: used a fire in the black section of the city as a pretext to , - alert the National Guard. On the 8th, the == lAME morning of the massacre; state troopers cordoned off Orangeburg: all incoming ADDRESS traffic was rerouted around the town. Agents of the South Carolina Law En­ CITY STATE ZIP forcement Division ~CLED), asemi-sec­ Please send me: ret intelligence force of the state police, poured into town and onto the campus. Six Next 12 issues of THE MOVEMENT ($2) SCLED cars were par ked in front of Malcolm X pQsters Cleveland Sellers' home. From the begin­ Che Guevara posters ning of the trouble newsmen had focused on Sellers - who was recently sentenced to five years in prison for refusing in­ I enclose $ __ check if duction - setting him up as the" agitator" ~ Movement .J responsible. Sellers decided it was un­ : subSCrIber safe to remain in his house alone, so he went to the campus where a series of M~IL 449 14th STREET meetings was being held by the students. TO THE MOVEMENT SEID ONE TO A fllEIIDI SAN FRANCISCO, CA-LIF. 94103