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Dissertation UMI Information Service University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Com pany 300 N Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 8618754 Bumgarner, Shan Elizabeth EVALUATION OF AEROBIC F'TNESS ACTIVITY IN SECOND, THIRD, AND SEVENTH GRADES AS IMPLEMENTED THROUGH THREE DIFFERENT MODES The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1986 University Microfilms International 300 N Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106 Copyright 1986 by Bumgarner, Shan Elizabeth All Rights Reserved EVALUATION OF AEROBIC FITNESS ACTIVITY IN SECOND, THIRD, AND SEVENTH GRADERS AS IMPLEMENTED THROUGH THREE DIFFERENT MODES. DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State Univesity By Shan Bumgarner B.S., h. A. 1986 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Linda Heeks-Hltchell Charles L. Hand Timothy Kirby Adviser School of Health, Physical Philip Halt Education, and Recreation Copyright by Shan Bumgarner 1986 To Ray, ay husband, whose love, support, and encouragement made thla endeavor possible. 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A field study such •• this, relies lpon the cooperation of aany people. I as grateful to The Wellington School second, third, and seventh grade students, teachers, and parents who enthusiastically supported this endeavor. My appreciation is extended to Dr. Charles Hand for his support in this special pedagogical experience. Hy countless thanks to Dr. Tin Kirby and Dr. Phil Helt. Linda Mitchell played a crucial role by her friendship, support, and scholarly Banner that have been a source of aotivation for cospletion of this project and degree. Thank you. iii VITA February 5, 1948 ............ Born - Swindon, Wiltshire, England 1969 ......................... P. S. Degree, The Ohio State University 1969 - 1973 ................... Physical Education and Health Education Teacher: Cleveland Public Schools, Cleveland, Ohio; Licking County Schools, Hebron, Ohio; Hillsborough County Schools, Taspa, Florida. 1973 - 1974 ................... Assistant Physical Education Director, Jewish Coasunity Center, Colusbus, Ohio. 1975 - 1982 ................... Aquatic Specialist, Worthington Schools, Worthington, Ohio. 1975 - 1982 . ............. Recreation Director, Huirfield Village Swia and Tennis Center. 1980............................ H. A. Degree, The Ohio State University. 1980 - 1981.................... Teaching Assistant, The Ohio State University Student Health Center. 1982 - 1986.................... Director of Physical Education and Athletics, The Wellington School, Upper Arlington, Ohio. PUBLICATION 'Integrating Advanced Life Saving and A Water Safety Instructor Course into Your Physical Education Progras.* future Focus, 0.J.H.P.E.R.D.. Winter, 1981. iv VITA (continued) FIELD OF STUDY (l»jor Field: Physical Education Studies in Health Education - Associate Professor Linda Meeks-Mltchell Minor Field: Psychology Studies in Neuropsychology - Professor Donald Meyer v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................... ill VITA .............................................. lv LIST OF TABLES ................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................... ix CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................... 1 Purpose of the S t u d y .......................... 2 Research Questions ............................ 4 Limitations ................................... 5 Definitions .................................. 5 Overview of the S t u d y ........................ & Sussary ....................................... 9 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE............................ 10 Running and Jusping R o p e ..................... 10 Contracts 12 Athletic Training and Cardiorespiratory F u n c t i o n ..................................... 19 CHAPTER 3. METHODS AND PROCEDURES .............................. 22 Introduction .................................. 22 Subject Population and Selection ............. 23 Setting 24 Facilities and Equipsent ..................... 24 Intervention .................................. 25 Experiaental Design .......................... 26 Treatment of D a t a ............................ 27 S u s s a r y ....................................... 34 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .............................. 35 Reetateeent of the P r a b l e a ................... 35 Analyeia of Result* by Intervention and by Tiae (Pretest, Post-test) ............. 42 Suaaary of R e s u l t s ............................ 47 Health-Related Fitness Teat Percentile R e s u l t s ................................ 53 Discussion.................................... 58 CHAPTER 5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS S u a a a r y ....................................... 67 Conclusions .................................. 69 Recoaaendations .............................. 70 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................... 72 APPENDICES ........................................................ 84 vii LIST OF TABLES Organization of Aerobic Fitness ........................ Organization of Aerobic Fitness by Task - A (Athletics) ......................................... 31 Organization of Aerobic Fitness by Task - HB <Hose-base Contractual Aerobic Fitness Plan) ..................... 32 Organization of Aerobic Fitness by Task - JR (Jusp-Rope) ......................................... 33 Data Sheet for Subjects - Coding and Score ............. 37 Evaluation of Aerobic Fitness by Task - A ............. 43 Evaluation of Aerobic Fitness by Task - HB ............. 45 Evaluation of Aerobic Fitness by Task - JR ............. 46 Evaluation of Aerobic Fitness Sussary Table ........... 46 Evaluation of Aerobic Fitness by Experiaental Group - Control ............................................... 50 Evaluation of Aerobic Fitness by Experlsental Group - Intervention ......................................... 51 National Percentile Noras - Seventh Grade ............. 55 National Percentile Norse - Third Grade ............... 56 National Percentile Noras - Second Grade ............... 57 viii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page 1. ExpvriMntal Design Visualization..................... 29 lx CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Aerobic fitness Is of basic iaportance to Increasing the healthfulness and longevity of our lives. For aerobic fitness activity to be of optiaal benefit to us In our 60's; ve auat begin a progras In our 6 's. (While this appears intuitively true, definite proof awaits long-tera longitudinal studies). Corbin (1984), Cundlff (1979), Gallop (1980), USDHEW (1980). Investigators have docusented the prevalence of coronary heart disease risk factors In children. Bailey (1978), Bar-0r-0 (1971), Cooper (1976), Dwyer (1983), Gibbons (1980), Kannel (1967), Khoury (1980), Nora (1980), Paffenbarger (1980), Wilaore (1974). A change in these risk factors in adult populations has been desonstrated using physical activity. Vaccaro (1978), USDHHS (1980). According to Astrand <1952, 1954) and Pollack (1973), applying this activity to children would necessitate a target heart rate of at least 160 beats/min. Gillloa (1981) reported that the voluntary activity patterns of children say be inadequate in terms of duration and inten sity to promote cardiovascular health. MacConnie (1982) reported froa his data that children spend aore time in low to moderate activity and little if any time in high intensity activity (HR > 160 bts./sin.). The National Children and Youth Fitness Study (1984) sampled 8,800 1 2 youngsters and found their fitness habits to be poor. McGinnis (1965). Leas than half were getting enough

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