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Comparison of Physical Fitness Index International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, Int J Physiother Res 2021, Vol 9(2):3800-07. ISSN 2321-1822 Original Research Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2021.114 Comparison of Physical Fitness Index (PFI) between Spinning (indoor cycling) female practitioners and Zumba female practi- tioners using Modified Harvard’s Step Test: A pilot study Apoorva Uday Munagekar 1, Apoorva Likhite *2. 1 Former student and intern, Deccan Education Society’s Brijlal Jindal College of Physiotherapy, Fergusson College Campus, Shivajinagar, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India. *2 Assistant Professor, Deccan Education Society’s Brijlal Jindal College of Physiotherapy, Fergusson College Campus, Shivajinagar Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India. ABSTRACT Background: With increase in awareness about the importance of physical fitness, there has been considerable increase in proportion of population indulging in various new emerging forms of exercises such as Zumba and Spinning. Purpose of study: To assess and compare Physical Fitness Index (PFI) between females practicing two newer forms of aerobic exercises Zumba (group 1) and Spinning (group 2) and to understand whether one aerobic activity has better PFI values over other and whether they can be used interchangeably. It will also create awareness regarding both the newer forms of aerobic exercise forms Zumba and Spinning and its effect. Method: Healthy females practicing either Zumba and spinning for one year regularly were chosen. Step board of height 33 cm, metronome, stopwatch used. Modified Harvard Step test was explained and then subjects were asked to do it. Results were calculated and scoring was done. Results and Main findings: The study showed that in (Group 1) Zumba practitioners 92.86% population had excellent PFI, 7.14% population had fair PFI. In (Group 2) Spinning practitioners, 100% subjects showed excel- lent PFI, Group 2 had evidently greater mean PFI than group 1 but not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in PFI values between the subjects of two groups spinning and Zumba. Conclusion: Majority of the population of both the groups showed Excellent PFI. Both the newer types of aerobic exercise forms can be used interchangeably depending on the age of population. KEY WORDS: Zumba, Spinning, Modified Harvard’s Step test, Physical Fitness Index, Females Address for correspondence: Dr. Apoorva Likhite (PT), Assistant Professor, Deccan Education Society’s Brijlal Jindal College of Physiotherapy, Fergusson College Campus, Shivajinagar Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India. Contact number: +91 955263180 E-Mail: [email protected] Access this Article online Journal Information Quick Response code International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research ISSN (E) 2321-1822 | ISSN (P) 2321-8975 https://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.html DOI-Prefix: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr Article Information Received: 10 Feb 2020 Accepted: 15 Mar 2021 Peer Review: 10 Feb 2020 Published (O): 11 Mar 2021 DOI: 10.16965/ijpr.2021.114 Revised: None Published (P): 11 Apr 2021 INTRODUCTION Physical fitness has been defined in several Exercise is a type of Physical activity consist- ways, but the generally accepted definition is ing of planned, structured, and repetitive the ability to carry out daily tasks with vigour bodily movement done to improve and/or and alertness, without undue fatigue, and with maintain one or more components of ample energy to enjoy leisure-time pursuits physical fitness [1]. and meet unforeseen emergencies [1]. Int J Physiother Res 2021;9(2):3800-07. ISSN 2321-1822 3800 Apoorva Uday Munagekar, Apoorva Likhite. Comparison of Physical Fitness Index (PFI) between Spinning (indoor cycling) female practitioners and Zumba female practitioners using Modified Harvard’s Step Test: A pilot study. Health-related Physical Fitness Components as per ACSM guidelines is moderate intensity are: aerobic exercise done at least 5 days/week or Cardiorespiratory endurance: It is the ability vigorous intensity aerobic exercise done at least of the circulatory and respiratory system to 3 days/week or a weekly combination of 3–5 supply oxygen during sustained physical ac- days/week of moderate and vigorous tivity [1]. intensity exercise is recommended for most adults to achieve and maintain health/fitness Body composition: It is the relative amounts benefits [1]. of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital parts of the body. BMI or the Quetelet index is used to With increase in awareness about the impor- assess weight relative to height and is calcu- tance of physical fitness, there has been con- lated by dividing body weight in kilograms by siderable increase in proportion of population height in meters squared [1]. indulging in various aerobic exercise forms. There are different forms of aerobic exercises Muscular strength: It is the ability of muscle like jogging, running, swimming, boxing and to exert force [1]. dancing [1]. Muscular endurance: It is the ability of muscle As an alternative to traditional approach to to continue to perform without fatigue [1]. physical exercises newer forms of exercises like Flexibility: the range of motion available at a Zumba and Spinning (indoor cycling) are joint [1]. developed. CRF is related to the ability to perform large Zumba programme is a Latin inspired dance muscle, dynamic, moderate-to-vigorous fitness class that incorporates Latin and intensity exercise for prolonged periods of international music and dance movements time. Performance of exercise at this level of creating dynamic, exciting, exhilarating physical exertion depends on the integrated effective fitness programme created by Alberto physiologic and functional state of the Beto Perez [4]. respiratory, cardiovascular, and musculoskel- Zumba is a total body cardio and aerobic work- etal systems [1]. out, which provides large calorie consumption. Cardiovascular fitness refers to the physical A study shows that with an hour-long Zumba work capacity of an individual, in the form of researcher found that participating in a single amount of oxygen capacity per kilogram of Zumba fitness class burned an average of 369 body weight over time (ml/kg/min) [1] A calories or about 9.5 kcal per minute [5]. person’s ability to deliver oxygen to the The Zumba programme integrates some of the working muscles is affected by many physiologi- basic principles of aerobic, interval and cal parameters including heart rate, stroke resistance training to maximise caloric output, volume, cardiac output and maximal oxygen cardiovascular benefits and total body toning. consumption [2]. The cardio-based dance movements are easy Aerobic exercise (also known as cardio) is a to follow steps, which include body sculpting, form of physical exercise of low to high inten- which targets areas such as gluteus, legs, arms, sity and refers to use of oxygen to adequately core, abdominals and heart [4]. meet energy demands during exercise with Each Zumba class is of 45 to 50 minutes dura- stretching and strength training routines with tion involving warm up period of 5 minutes goal of improving all elements of fitness then main high intensity aerobic training of (flexibility, muscular strength and cardiovas- 30 to 35 minutes followed by cool down and cular fitness) [3]. stretching period of 3 to 5 minutes [4]. Rhythmic, aerobic type exercises involving BENEFITS OF ZUMBA FITNESS [4]. large muscle groups are recommended for im- proving CRF. The modes of PA that result in Improves resting heart rate. improvement and maintenance of CRF are Improves circulation. Aerobic exercise frequency recommendation Raises metabolic rate. Int J Physiother Res 2021;9(2):3800-07. ISSN 2321-1822 3801 Apoorva Uday Munagekar, Apoorva Likhite. Comparison of Physical Fitness Index (PFI) between Spinning (indoor cycling) female practitioners and Zumba female practitioners using Modified Harvard’s Step Test: A pilot study. Helps to regulate cholesterol levels. Determination of Physical Fitness Index PFI is Muscular fitness has impact on muscular en- one of the important criteria to assess the durance and muscular strength. cardiopulmonary efficiency of the subject. The American Alliance for Health, Physical, Flexibility helps to reduce risk of injury, im- Education Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) proves posture, less muscle tension and sore- recommended this test to study health related ness. physical fitness programme in youth [9]. Regular practice of Zumba seems to reduce the Physical Fitness Index (PFI) is measured by progressive deterioration of bone health in Harvard’s step test: inactive women; these findings highlight the importance of implementing exercise The Harvard’s step test is a type of cardiac programmes in pre-menopausal women to stress test for detecting and diagnosing slow down the loss of bone mass with aging cardiovascular disease. It is also a good mea- [6]. surement of fitness and a person’s ability to recover after a strenuous exercise by checking Spinning (indoor cycling): In 1991 Johnny the recovery rate. It is a sub maximal cardio- Goldberg and John Baudhuin teamed up to vascular endurance test. The test computes the refine the design and make first run spinner capability to exercise continuously for bikes [8]. extended intervals of time without tiring. In 1992, they both began manufacturing and The standard 50.8 cm step of Harvard step test commercial distribution of spinner bikes and is tailored to western anthropometrics and is Spinning program [8]. rather high for the average Indian whose height
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