DOCSLIB.ORG

Halophiles-A Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Halophiles-A Review Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(12): 616-629 ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 12 (2015) pp. 616-629 http://www.ijcmas.com Review Article Halophiles-A Review Deepa Yadav*, Anuradha Singh and Nupur Mathur Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan, Jaipur- 302004, India *Corresponding author A B S T R A C T K e y w o r d s Extremophiles, able to live in unusual habitats can serve as a potential source of novel microorganisms and their metabolites gain diverse applications and thus Extremophiles, these microorganisms are extensively studied. Halophiles are a group of Halophiles, microorganisms that live in saline environments and in many cases require salinity saline to survive. Hypersaline habitats are tremendous sources of halophilic environments, microorganisms and studies of these microorganisms are of special importance as microorganism they are capable of producing compounds of diverse industrial, pharmaceutical and biomedical potentials. Introduction Extremophiles are those microorganisms concentrations. These microorganisms which require extreme environment for inhabit the world s most saline growth. The term extremophile was first environments, like hypersaline lake, solar used by MacElroy in 1974. Extreme saltern, evaporation pond, salt flats and tidal environment is a relative term, since marine environments. Halophilic bacteria environments that are extreme for one have the capacity to balance the osmotic organism may be essential for the survival pressure of the environment and resist the of another organism. Extremolphiles are denaturing effects of salts. On the basis of those microorganism which live in extreme their halotolerance or optimum salt environment like high or low temperature, concentration wherein these organisms grow salt concentration, pH etc. Extremophiles they are categorized as slight (2-5% NaCl), live under conditions that would kill most moderate (5-15% NaCl) or extreme other creatures and many cannot survive in halophiles (15-30% NaCl). the normal global conditions. On the bases of their habitation these extremophiles can To survive in higher saline environment be categorized as: acidophiles, alkalophiles, halophilic microorganisms use different halophiles, thermophiles and psychrophiles. types of strategies, they synthesize Among extremophiles halophiles are those compatible solutes in cells or possess the which are able to survive in high salt transporters that help them to survive in 616 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(12): 616-629 such type of harsh condition. work in such type of saline conditions. Osmoregulatory solutes such as potassium These properties can be used for the ion, glutamate, proline, ectoine and betaine development of techniques outlined have been reported in these bacteria essentially on the optimal condition of these (Madigan, 1999 and Galinski, 1993). Some biomolecules. halophiles produce acidic proteins that have the capacity to function in high salt These properties could be exploited for the concentration. development of additional bio-industrial processes based on the optimal conditions of these biomolecules. To cope up with the high and often changing salinity of their Examples of well adapted and widely environment, the aerobic halophilic bacteria, similar to all other microorganisms, need to balance their cytoplasm with the osmotic distributed extremely halophilic pressure exerted by the external medium microorganisms include archaea for example (Madigan, 1999;Oren, 2008; Oren, 2010). Important Characteristics Of Halophiles Halobacterium sp. NRC 1, cyanobacteria Enzymes such as Aphanothece halophytica and the Enzymes are catalysts which have potential green alga Dunaliella salina. Multicellular applications in food, detergent formulations, halophilic eukaryotic organisms include metal recovery, leather processing and in brine shrimp and the larvae of brine flies. several industries. Extremophile enzymes, especially extracellular, have been found to Occurence and Distribution have potential industrial applications as they can survive and catalyze reactions in Halophiles can be found in areas where the unusual environment. concentration of salt is five times greater than that salt concentration of the ocean. Table 1 has listed different isolation sites Saline and hypersaline environments are from where halophilic microorganisms have broadly dispersed all through world either been isolated and different enzymes which salt lakes (The Dead Sea, The Great Salt are assayed. Lakes etc.) or salt mines [Salzbad-Salzetnan (Austria), Slanic, Turda, Praid (Romania), Nucleases Wieliczka (Poland), Nakhlichevan (Azerbaidjan), Chon-Tous (Kirghizstan), A nuclease (nuclease H) is reported from Cave Berezniki in Perm(Russia), Solotvino M. varians subsp. halophilus having both (Ukraine) etc.]. These hypersaline DNase and RNase activities. Another environments are too harsh for normal life to halophilic nuclease (an exonuclease, exist, but a variety of microbessurvive. releasing 5 -mononucleotides from both DNA and RNA) was produced by Bacillus These microorganisms produce different halophilus (Onishiet al.,1983). bioactive compounds like enzymes, pigments, solutes, metabolites and Amylases exopolysaccharides which have the ability to 617 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(12): 616-629 In recent years, a number of studies have A few -amylases were purified and been conducted to characterize extracellular characterized from halophilic proteases from Salinivibrio genus (Lama et microorganisms, Acinetobacter (Onishiet al.,2005 and Amoozegar et al., 2007), al., 1980), Halobacterium salinarum Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain CP76 (Goodand Hartman1970, Patel et al., 1993), (Sa´nchez-Porro et al., 2003), Natrialba M. varians subsp. halophilus (Kobayashiet magadii (Gime´nez et al., 2000), al., 1986), N. halobia (Onishiet al., 1991), Halobacterium mediterranei (Stepanov et Natronococcus amylolyticus (Kobayashi et al. 1992), Bacillus clausii (Kumar et al. al., 1992), Halomonas meridiana (Coronado 2004). There is also a report that a et al., 2000), Haloferax mediterranei (Perez- chymotrypsinogen B-like protease was Pomares et al., 2003)etc. isolated from the haloalkaliphilic archaeon Natronomonas pharaonis (Stan-Lotteret al., The enzyme from Haloarcula sp. S-1 1999). showed high tolerance to various organic solvents (Fukushima et al., 2005). The effect Lipases of ionic strength on the amylase activity, has also been reported at various ratios of Na+ Lipase is one of the most important and Mg2+ concentrations (Enache et al., hydrolytic enzymes with potential in various 2009). fields of pharmaceutical industry and agriculture. Various moderately or Proteases extremely halophilic microorganisms have been reported for the production of lipase Halophilic microorganisms produce which are also stable at high temperature - proteases which can have novel applications Salinivibrio sp. (Amoozegar et al., 2008), (Margesin et al., 2001) because of its high Natronococcus sp. (Boutaiba et al., 2006), stability at saturated salt concentrations or haloarchaeal strains (Ozcan et al., 2009) etc. organic solvent tolerance. Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes Halobacterium salinarum (Ryu et al., 1994) produce an extra cellular serine protease that Bolobova et al., (1992) first reported a has potential to be used for peptide cellulose-utilizing, extremely halophilic synthesis. The other serine proteases were bacterium. The obligate anaerobic organism isolated from Natronococcu soccultus named Halocella cellulolytica is able to (Studdert et al.,1997), Natronomonas utilize cellulose as a sole carbon source. pharaonis (Stan-Lotter et al., 1999), Natrial Another work has shown that many bamagadii (Gimenez et al.,2000). Some cellulose-utilizing extremely halophilic other proteases were purified and Archaea are present in subsurface salt characterized from Natrial baasiatica formation (Vreeland et al.,1998). A (Kamekura et al., 1992) and Haloferax preliminary work done by Cojoc et al., mediterranei (Kamekura et al,1992 and (2009) on extracellular hydrolytic enzymes Kamekura et al.,1996) and other halophilic of halophilic microorganisms from isolates (Norberg and Hofsten, 1969; subterranean rock salt revealed the presence Kamekura and Onishi, 1974; Kamekura and of cellulose. Seno, 1990). Pigments 618 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(12): 616-629 erythromycin and gentamycin which used to Halophilic microorganisms are a great be one of the important cures are now less source of diverse natural products. effective because bacteria have become Carotenoid pigments are one of these natural more resistant. products responsible for the yellow, orange, red, and purple colors in a wide variety of Halophilic bacteria isolated from different plants, animals, and microorganisms (Li Z et region were found resistant against different al.,2012 and Cabral et al.,2011).Carotenoid antibiotics :Halobactericeae (Hilpert, 1981), pigments are particularly prominent in Halomonas elongate (Boneloet al., 1984), hypersaline environment. Red and orangish Bacillus cereus SIU1 (Singhet al., 2010). color of hypersaline habitats is due to the presence of pigmented microorganisms, Antimicrobial Activity including Dunaliella, rich in -carotene, Haloarchaea whose main production is Foreshore soil of Daecheon Beach and bacterioruberin, and halophilic bacteria, Saemangeum Sea of Korea represents an such as Salinibacter ruber producing a untapped source of bacterial biodiversity carotenoid called salinixanthin (El-Banna and also that most actinobacterial
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Extremozymes of the Hot and Salty Halothermothrix Orenii
    Extremozymes of the Hot and Salty Halothermothrix orenii Author Kori, Lokesh D Published 2012 Thesis Type Thesis (PhD Doctorate) School School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/2191 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366220 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Extremozymes of the hot and salty Halothermothrix orenii LOKESH D. KORI (M.Sc. Biotechnology) School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology Griffith University, Australia Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2011 STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY This work has not previously been submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the thesis itself. LOKESH DULICHAND KORI II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Bharat Patel, for offering me an opportunity for being his postgraduate. His boundless knowledge motivates me for keep going and enjoy the essence of science. Without his guidance, great patience and advice, I could not finish my PhD program successfully. I take this opportunity to give my heartiest thanks to Assoc. Prof. Andreas Hofmann, (Structural Chemistry, Eskitis Institute for Cell & Molecular Therapies, Griffith University) for his support and encouragement for crystallographic work. I am grateful to him for teaching me about the protein structures, in silico analysis and their hidden chemistry.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Halophilic Archaea in Fermented Foods and Human Intestines and Their Application Han-Seung Lee1,2*
    J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2013), 23(12), 1645–1653 http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1308.08015 Research Article Minireview jmb Diversity of Halophilic Archaea in Fermented Foods and Human Intestines and Their Application Han-Seung Lee1,2* 1Department of Bio-Food Materials, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea 2Research Center for Extremophiles, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea Received: August 8, 2013 Revised: September 6, 2013 Archaea are prokaryotic organisms distinct from bacteria in the structural and molecular Accepted: September 9, 2013 biological sense, and these microorganisms are known to thrive mostly at extreme environments. In particular, most studies on halophilic archaea have been focused on environmental and ecological researches. However, new species of halophilic archaea are First published online being isolated and identified from high salt-fermented foods consumed by humans, and it has September 10, 2013 been found that various types of halophilic archaea exist in food products by culture- *Corresponding author independent molecular biological methods. In addition, even if the numbers are not quite Phone: +82-51-999-6308; high, DNAs of various halophilic archaea are being detected in human intestines and much Fax: +82-51-999-5458; interest is given to their possible roles. This review aims to summarize the types and E-mail: [email protected] characteristics of halophilic archaea reported to be present in foods and human intestines and pISSN 1017-7825, eISSN 1738-8872 to discuss their application as well. Copyright© 2013 by The Korean Society for Microbiology Keywords: Halophilic archaea, fermented foods, microbiome, human intestine, Halorubrum and Biotechnology Introduction Depending on the optimal salt concentration needed for the growth of strains, halophilic microorganisms can be Archaea refer to prokaryotes that used to be categorized classified as halotolerant (~0.3 M), halophilic (0.2~2.0 M), as archaeabacteria, a type of bacteria, in the past.
    [Show full text]
  • Halophilic Microorganisms Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Gmbh Antonio Ventosa (Ed.)
    Halophilic Microorganisms Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Antonio Ventosa (Ed.) Halophilic Microorganisms With 58 Figures Springer Dr.ANTONIO VENTOSA Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Sevilla 41012 Sevilla Spain e-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-05664-2 ISBN 978-3-662-07656-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-07656-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publicati an in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de This work is subject ta copyright. AII rights are reservod, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of iIIustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction an microfilm ar in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication ar parts thereofis permit­ ted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in ils current version, and per­ missions for use must always be obtained from Springcr-Vcrlag Berlin Heiddhcrg GmbH. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004 Originally published by Springer-Vcrlag lkrlin Hcidclbcrg New York in 2004 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]
  • Life at Low Water Activity
    Published online 12 July 2004 Life at low water activity W. D. Grant Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK ([email protected]) Two major types of environment provide habitats for the most xerophilic organisms known: foods pre- served by some form of dehydration or enhanced sugar levels, and hypersaline sites where water availability is limited by a high concentration of salts (usually NaCl). These environments are essentially microbial habitats, with high-sugar foods being dominated by xerophilic (sometimes called osmophilic) filamentous fungi and yeasts, some of which are capable of growth at a water activity (aw) of 0.61, the lowest aw value for growth recorded to date. By contrast, high-salt environments are almost exclusively populated by prokaryotes, notably the haloarchaea, capable of growing in saturated NaCl (aw 0.75). Different strategies are employed for combating the osmotic stress imposed by high levels of solutes in the environment. Eukaryotes and most prokaryotes synthesize or accumulate organic so-called ‘compatible solutes’ (osmolytes) that have counterbalancing osmotic potential. A restricted range of bacteria and the haloar- chaea counterbalance osmotic stress imposed by NaCl by accumulating equivalent amounts of KCl. Haloarchaea become entrapped and survive for long periods inside halite (NaCl) crystals. They are also found in ancient subterranean halite (NaCl) deposits, leading to speculation about survival over geological time periods. Keywords: xerophiles; halophiles; haloarchaea; hypersaline lakes; osmoadaptation; microbial longevity 1. INTRODUCTION aw = P/P0 = n1/n1 ϩ n2, There are two major types of environment in which water where n is moles of solvent (water); n is moles of solute; availability can become limiting for an organism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Stress Proteins in Haloarchaea and Their Adaptive Response to Environmental Shifts
    biomolecules Review The Role of Stress Proteins in Haloarchaea and Their Adaptive Response to Environmental Shifts Laura Matarredona ,Mónica Camacho, Basilio Zafrilla , María-José Bonete and Julia Esclapez * Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Area, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Ap 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (B.Z.); [email protected] (M.-J.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-965-903-880 Received: 31 July 2020; Accepted: 24 September 2020; Published: 29 September 2020 Abstract: Over the years, in order to survive in their natural environment, microbial communities have acquired adaptations to nonoptimal growth conditions. These shifts are usually related to stress conditions such as low/high solar radiation, extreme temperatures, oxidative stress, pH variations, changes in salinity, or a high concentration of heavy metals. In addition, climate change is resulting in these stress conditions becoming more significant due to the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. The most relevant damaging effect of these stressors is protein denaturation. To cope with this effect, organisms have developed different mechanisms, wherein the stress genes play an important role in deciding which of them survive. Each organism has different responses that involve the activation of many genes and molecules as well as downregulation of other genes and pathways. Focused on salinity stress, the archaeal domain encompasses the most significant extremophiles living in high-salinity environments. To have the capacity to withstand this high salinity without losing protein structure and function, the microorganisms have distinct adaptations.
    [Show full text]
  • Thèses Traditionnelles
    UNIVERSITÉ D’AIX-MARSEILLE FACULTÉ DE MÉDECINE DE MARSEILLE ECOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES DE LA VIE ET DE LA SANTÉ THÈSE Présentée et publiquement soutenue devant LA FACULTÉ DE MÉDECINE DE MARSEILLE Le 23 Novembre 2017 Par El Hadji SECK Étude de la diversité des procaryotes halophiles du tube digestif par approche de culture Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTORAT d’AIX-MARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ Spécialité : Pathologie Humaine Membres du Jury de la Thèse : Mr le Professeur Jean-Christophe Lagier Président du jury Mr le Professeur Antoine Andremont Rapporteur Mr le Professeur Raymond Ruimy Rapporteur Mr le Professeur Didier Raoult Directeur de thèse Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UMR 7278 Directeur : Pr. Didier Raoult 1 Avant-propos : Le format de présentation de cette thèse correspond à une recommandation de la spécialité Maladies Infectieuses et Microbiologie, à l’intérieur du Master des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé qui dépend de l’Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de la Vie de Marseille. Le candidat est amené à respecter des règles qui lui sont imposées et qui comportent un format de thèse utilisé dans le Nord de l’Europe et qui permet un meilleur rangement que les thèses traditionnelles. Par ailleurs, la partie introduction et bibliographie est remplacée par une revue envoyée dans un journal afin de permettre une évaluation extérieure de la qualité de la revue et de permettre à l’étudiant de commencer le plus tôt possible une bibliographie exhaustive sur le domaine de cette thèse. Par ailleurs, la thèse est présentée sur article publié, accepté ou soumis associé d’un bref commentaire donnant le sens général du travail.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vivo Multi-Dimensional Information-Keeping in Halobacterium Salinarum
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.14.949925; this version posted February 15, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. In vivo multi-dimensional information-keeping in Halobacterium salinarum Davis, J.1,2‡, Bisson-Filho, A.3, Kadyrov, D.4, De Kort, T. M.5,1, Biamonte, M. T.6, Thattai, M.7, Thutupalli, S.7,8, Church, G. M. 1‡ 1 Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, 2 Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 3 Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454. 4 SkBiolab, Technopark Skolkovo, Skolkovo Innovation center, Moscow 143026, Russia 5 Biosciences Master’s programme Molecular & Cellular Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Neth- erlands 6 Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 7 Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India 8 International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India ‡ Corresponding authors. [email protected] (J.D.); [email protected] (G.M.C.) Shortage of raw materials needed to manufacture components for silicon-based digital memory storage has led to a search for alternatives, including systems for storing texts, images, movies and other forms of information in DNA.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Hydrolytic Enzyme Capabilities of Halophilic Archaea Isolated from Hides and Skins and Their Phenotypic and Phylogenetic Identification by S
    33 DETERMinATION OF HYDROLYTic ENZYME CAPABILITIES OF HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA ISOLATED FROM HIDES AND SKins AND THEIR PHENOTYpic AND PHYLOGENETic IDENTIFicATION by S. T. B LG School of Health, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus Canakkale, Turkey, 17100. and B. MER ÇL YaPiCi Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale ONSEKIZ MART UNIVERSITY, TERZIOGLU CAMPUS, Canakkale, Turkey, 17100. and İsmail Karaboz Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, İzmi r, Turkey, 35100. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION This research aims to isolate extremely halophilic archaea The main constituent of the raw hide is protein, mainly from salted hides, to determine the capacities of their collagen (33% w/w), and remainder is moisture and fat. During hydrolytic enzymes, and to identify them by using phenotypic storage of raw hide, collagen’s excessive proteolysis by and molecular methods. Domestic and imported salted hide lysosomal autolysis or proteolytic bacterial enzymes can lead and skin samples obtained from eight different sources were to the disintegration of the structure of collagen fibers.1 used as the research material. 186 extremely halophilic Biodeterioration is among the major causes of impairment of microorganisms were isolated from salted raw hides and aesthetic, functional and other properties of leather and other skins. Some biochemical, antibiotic sensitivity, pH, NaCl, biopolymers or organic materials and the products made from temperature tolerance and quantitative and qualitative them. Due to the fact that prevention of biological degradation hydrolytic enzyme tests were performed on these isolates. In is very important in conservation and processing of leather, our study, taking into account the phenotypic findings of the great effort is being made for decontamination of these research, 34 of 186 isolates were selected.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Diversity and Biogeochemical Cycling in Soda Lakes
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Microbial diversity and biogeochemical cycling in soda lakes Sorokin, D.Y.; Berben, T.; Melton, E.D.; Overmars, L.; Vavourakis, C.D.; Muyzer, G. DOI 10.1007/s00792-014-0670-9 Publication date 2014 Document Version Final published version Published in Extremophiles Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Sorokin, D. Y., Berben, T., Melton, E. D., Overmars, L., Vavourakis, C. D., & Muyzer, G. (2014). Microbial diversity and biogeochemical cycling in soda lakes. Extremophiles, 18(5), 791-809. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-014-0670-9 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 Extremophiles (2014) 18:791–809 DOI 10.1007/s00792-014-0670-9 SPECIAL ISSUE: REVIEW 10th International Congress on Extremophiles Microbial diversity and biogeochemical cycling in soda lakes Dimitry Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioresource Technology 255 (2018) 318–330
    Bioresource Technology 255 (2018) 318–330 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Bioresource Technology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biortech Review Extremophiles for microbial-electrochemistry applications: A critical review T Namita Shresthaa, Govinda Chilkoora, Bhuvan Vemuria, Navanietha Rathinamb, Rajesh K. Sanib, ⁎ Venkataramana Gadhamshettya,c, a Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd, Rapid City, SD 57701, United States b Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd, Rapid City, SD 57701, United States c Surface Engineering Research Center, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd, Rapid City, SD 57701, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Extremophiles, notably archaea and bacteria, offer a good platform for treating industrial waste streams that Extremophiles were previously perceived as hostile to the model organisms in microbial electrochemical systems (MESs). Here Halophiles we present a critical overview of the fundamental and applied biology aspects of halophiles and thermophiles in Thermophiles MESs. The current study suggests that extremophiles enable the MES operations under a seemingly harsh con- Bioelectrochemistry ditions imposed by the physical (pressure, radiation, and temperature) and geochemical extremes (oxygen levels, pH, and salinity). We highlight a need to identify the underpinning mechanisms that define the exceptional electrocatalytic
    [Show full text]
  • Instructor Version
    Lesson 19: Extremophiles Summary This learning module and related laboratory exercise exposes students to extremophiles, their habitats, and the potential to find habitable environments on Mars. Learning Goals Students will be able to: Understand the environment in which the Tardigrade can survive. Explore hydrothermal environments on Earth and Mars. Context for Use This learning module is meant for adaptation in an introductory earth science course and/or planetary science course. Description and Teaching Materials In-Class Activity Teaching Notes and Tips In-Class Activity 1: Tardigrades: 1. Students must be familiar with Mars Living extremely environments of deposition, surface Homework processes and climate. Homework 1: Sea Monkey 2. To be successful in Homework 2 Experiment students need to have exposure and Homework 2: The Color of instruction in making contour maps. Temperature Assessment Each In-Class Activity and Homework has its own measure of Assessment. Sponsored by: National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Award (NNX11AH29G) Instructor Mars for Earthlings References and Resources 1. Image File: Extremophiles 2. Gale Crater Habitability via Curiosity: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHLbXTOaw7w&feature=relmfu 3. Tardigrades video from SciShow on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6H0E77TdYnY&continue_action=r7OE3bLJMH T8fAwevwnX9Oh_0zzl6Ajt2P3129QN588gcYR6MkEN_obkOAtaq5MUvFV4Yiq09ljbJ Dp8wedzPE1U417RionrJuPdT2CAALc= 4. Additional Tardigrade link: http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/topics/tardigrade/index.html © 2015 University of Utah. This work may be copied on the condition that the following attribution is contained on all pages of the reproduced work: Chan, M.A., Kahmann-Robinson, J., Wheatley, D.F., Duncan, C.J. 2014. Mars For Earthlings. Instructor Mars for Earthlings In-Class Activity 1 Extremophiles 1_MFE Tardigrades: Living extremely Purpose: Become acquainted with the Tardigrade (“water bear”) extremophile, its living conditions, and importance of its scientific study.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultivation-Dependant Assessment, Diversity, and Ecology of Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria in Arid Saline Systems of Southern Tunisia
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2013, Article ID 648141, 15 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/648141 Research Article Cultivation-Dependant Assessment, Diversity, and Ecology of Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria in Arid Saline Systems of Southern Tunisia Darine El Hidri,1,2 Amel Guesmi,1 Afef Najjari,2 Hanen Cherif,1 Besma Ettoumi,2 Chadlia Hamdi,1 Abdellatif Boudabous,1 and Ameur Cherif1,2 1 Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia 2 LR Biotechnology and Bio-Geo Resources Valorization, Higher Institute for Biotechnology, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia Correspondence should be addressed to Ameur Cherif; [email protected] Received 30 April 2013; Revised 31 August 2013; Accepted 14 September 2013 Academic Editor: George Tsiamis Copyright © 2013 Darine El Hidri et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Haloalkaliphiles are polyextremophiles adapted to grow at high salt concentrations and alkaline pH values. In this work, we isolated 122 haloalkaliphilic bacteria upon enrichments of 23 samples from 5 distinct saline systems of southern Tunisia, growing optimally in media with 10% salt and at pH 10. The collection was classified into 44 groups based on the amplification of the 16S–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS-PCR). Phylogenetic analysis and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes allowed the identification of 13 genera and 20 distinct species. Three gram-positive isolates showing between 95 and 96% of 16S rRNA sequence homology with Bacillus saliphilus could represent new species or genus.
    [Show full text]