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A Remarkable New Neoga from Sumatra

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A Remarkable New Neoga from Sumatra 1975] DRANSFIELD: NEW NENCA 27 A Remarkable New Neoga From Sumatra JOHN DHANSFIELD Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Illdonc.~ia Specimens in the Herbarium Bogor­ spatham coriaceam persistentem ferente, iense collected by H. A. B. Bunnemeijer paribus Horum masculorum in 5-7 serie­ on Gunung Talakmau in West Sumatra bus verticalibus, et capitulo fructuum. in 1917 had been assigned by Furtado Descriptio. Palma solitaria humilis, on his visit to the Herbarium in 1936 to inermis, monoecia. Caulis crassus, ad the genus Nenga. On a preliminary ex­ 2 m. altus, 15 em. diametro infra folia, amination of the palms in the herbarium radicibus gralliformibus praeditus, hori­ in 1970, I could not agree with Furtado's zontaliter arcte ciccatricosus. Cicatrices identification, but even so could not foliorum delapsorum ad 1 em. distantes, assign the specimens to any genus. Then, fibris vaginarum foliorum tectae. Inter­ in February 1971, I visited Kepahiang in nodia verticaliter rugosa, cortice ali­ the hills of the Bukit Barisan range of quantum suberoso. Radices gralliformes Sumatra near Bengkulu, an area ex­ ad 1.5 em. diametro, atrobrunneae, radi­ tremely rich in beautiful and interesting cibus conicis lateralibus spongiosis, pal­ palms. It was with great excitement that lidis pneumaticis, ad 1 mm. longis, I discovered a squat palm of rather mas­ serialibus. Folia 8-9 in corona, patentia, sive proportions growing in great abun­ (cum vagina) ad 3 m. longa, vagina ad dance at an altitude of 800 m. in steep 50 em. longa, pallide luteo-viridi, a caule river valleys and on slopes; the inflores­ non munde dehiscente, marcescente et cences of the palm proved to be identical vestigium fibrosum formante, indu­ to those of the Bunnemeijer collections, mento atrobrunneo juventute sparsim and on examination of the living plants tecta. Petiolus ad 75 em. longus, 2.5 and fresh and spirit-preserved material em. diametro, in sectione circularis, in­ of flowers and fruits, I now agree with dumento atrobrunneo sparsim teclus. Furtado's original generic identification. Rhachis triquetra, ad 8 mm. diametro in The most striking feature of the whole medio longitudinis, ad 3 mm. diametro palm is the infructescence, which is prope apicem, squamis brunneis sparsim borne interfoliarly, and resembles in its tecta. Foliola leviter sigmoidea, regu­ nodding, club-shaped form, a fruiting laria, utrinque 8-10, paribus 1-2 infer­ head of Nypa fruticans Wurmb. ioribus unicostatis, superioribus 3-5­ I propose to call this spectacular palm costatis subopposita, horizontalia, 3-6 Nenga gajah after its local Indonesian em. distantia, in medio folii ad 60 em. name "pinang gajah" ("pinang" = longa, ad 8 em. lata, apice acuminata, Areca, Pinanga, Nenga and other are­ infra leviter pallidiora et squamis indu­ coid palms, "gajah" = elephant). mentoque pallide brunneis secus costas tecta, supra glabra. Foliola terminalia Nenga gajah Dransfield, sp. nov. sub angulo 70° inter se divergentia, acu­ Diagnosis. Differt a ceteris speciebus minata aut bifida aut leviter dentata. Nengarum inflorescentia interfoliacea Inflorescentia interfoliacea erecta, 30- 28 PRINCIPES [Vol. 19 40 em. longa. Spatha solitaria, atrobrun­ furfuraeeo brunneo praeeipue margInl­ nea vel violaeea, dura, eoriaeea aut paene bus tecta. Spatha pro parte quarta vel lignosa, ad 25 em. longa, ad 4 em. lata tertia longitudinis uno margine laterali parte latissima, 2.5 em. lata parte angus­ dissiliens et infloreseentia per fissuram tissima 10 em. super basim, indumento lateraliter emergens, spatha per anthesin 1975] DRANSFIELD: NEW NENGA 29 2. Palm-rich Hill Dipterocarp Forest near Kepahiang; in the centre, flowering Areca latiloba Ridley with Nenga gajah on each side; also in the photograph are Daemollorops hystrix Blume, Daemono­ rops sp. nov., and Pillanga densijlora Beccari. longe persistens, dein in vestigiis fibrosis binati, quoque pare braeta minuta in mareeseens. Rami infloreseentiae 3-5, raehilla subtento, quoque flore braeteola omnes ordinis primi. Pedunculus ad 25 minuta subtento. Paria florum maseu­ em. longus, in seetione ovalis, 20 X 8 lorum in 5-7 seriebus vertiealibus aut mm., atroviolaeeo-brunneus, pilis ramo­ arete spiraliter disposita, si spiraliter sis sparsim teetus. Raehillae quaeque tum flores contiguissimi; numerus serie­ braeta rigida triangulari erassa 5 mm. rum superne deerescens. Ubi raehillae longa, basi 5 mm. lata subtentae. in spatha eontiguissimae sunt, flores masculi singuli abortantes, aspeetu ves­ Raehillae 2--4 inferiores maseulae ad tigiorum otrorum remanentes. 10-12 em. longae, 5 mm. latae sine £lori­ Flores maseuli eremei, angulosi, ob­ bus; raehilla terminalis ad 10 em. longa longi, alabastris ad 5 mm. longis, 3 mm. et basi 8 mm. diametro, maseula femine­ latis. Sepala 3, ut videtur libera, dis­ aque aut raro tantum maseula; rachillae juncta, minuta, triangularia, ad 0.5 mm. 1-3 inferiores ca. 1-3 em. distantes, eis alta. Petala 3, libera, tenuiter coriaeea, terminalibus et penultimis approximatis. oblonga, plana aut cucullata, si cueullata Raehillae maseulae 1-2 em. super basim tum leviter acuta, forma variantes, im­ sine floribus, rachilla terminalis floribus pressione staminum intra notata. Sta­ maseulis femineisque pro 3-4. em. in­ mina 6; filamenta ad 1 mm. longa; an­ fimis et floribus tantum maseulis prope therae medifixae, ad 2.5 mm. longae, 0.5 apieem praedita. Dimensiones inflores­ mm. latae, dehiseentia latrorsa; vesti­ eentiae maturitate erescentes. Flores gium ovarii non videtur. Grana pollinis maseuli ante flores femineos aperientes, lutea, sphaeriea, uniporata. Sub anthesin 30 PRINCIPES [Vol. 19 3. Nenga gajah by a small stream at 850 m. 4. Nenga gajah. Inflorescence with female altitude. flowers at anthesis; note the barc axes which once bore the protandrous male flowers. flores masculi inter alabastros propin­ quos exserti dein cito caduci, rachillis Ovarium rotundatum, ad 4 mm. diam­ nudis relictis; evolutio florum masculo­ etro, stigmate rostrato, conico, apice rum acropeta. obscure trilobato. Loculo 1, ovulo 1, Flores feminei violacei, singuli cum 2 laterifixo, micropyle ad receptaculum floribus masculis lateralibus aggregati, spectante. greges florum in 5-8 seriebus verticali­ Infructescentia capitulum ·pendulum bus dispositi, aut series verticales propter claviforme fructum fusiformium. Fruc­ distortionem non prominentes. Quisque tus ad 8 em. longus, 2.5 em. latus, fusi­ grex florum bracta membranosa minuta formis vestigio stigmatis terminatus; subtentus; flos unusquisque bracteolo epicarpium laeve, glabrum, atroviolaceo­ subtentus. Flores feminei rotundati ca. brunneum; mesocarpium ad 4, mm. 7 mm. longi sub anthesin. Sepala 3 li­ latum, fibris verticalibus perductum; en­ bera, valvata, leviter cucullata, ad 7 mm. docarpium laeve, intra nitidum. Semen longa, basi 6 mm. lata, coriacea, persis­ fusiforme, 4.. 5 em. longum, 1.8 em. tentia, amplitudine post anthesin cres­ latum, secus longitudinem ad endocar­ centia. Petala 3, libera, valvata, coriacea, pium raphe basi 4- mm., apice 1 mm. lata longe persistentia, ad 6 mm. longa, post affixum. Testa ca. 0.2 mm. crassa. En­ anthesin ad 1 em. crescentia. Staminodia dospermium valde ruminatum, rumina­ 6, triangularia, minuta, ad 0.5 mm. alta. tionibus ad ca. 5 mm. penetrantibus, 1975] DRANSFIELD: NEW NENGA 31 5. Nenga gajah. Pendulous infructesc''1H:e (i. N"f/,{<a {<ajah Kcpahiang. August, 197.3. with almost ripe fruit. The sto('ky stem with a few stilt roots and the untidy "rown can abo be seen. brown and marked with close horizontal leaf scars. Leaf scars more or less 1 em. parte centrali endospermii non ruminata. distant, to 4 mm. broad, with persistent Embryo conicus, basalis, 4 mm. longus, leaf sheath fibres. Internodes with verti­ 3 mm. latus. Folium plantulae binatum. cal wrinkles, bark somewhat corky. Stilt Habitat in clivis et secus fluvios, 800 roots to 1.5 em. in diameter, dark brown m., Hill Dipterocarp Forest, Kepahiang, with rows of paler, conical, spongy, Bengkulu, Sumatra. short, lateral, pneumatophore roots to 1 Holotypus: Dransfield 12.)4, 12.2.71. mm. long. Leaves 8-10 in crown, spread­ BO (lsotypi BH, K, L). ing, to 3 m. long including sheath; leaf Diagnosis. Differing from all other sheath to 50 em., long pale yellowish­ species of Nen~a in the interfoliar in­ green, not cleanly dehiscing from the florescence bearing one persistent coria­ stem, but rotting to form a fibrous ves­ ceous spathe, pairs of male flowers ill 5­ tige of the leaf sheath base; sheaths cov­ 7 rows, and in the head of fruit. ered in sparse dark brown indumentum Description. Solitary, squat, unarmed, when young. Petiole to 75 em. long by monoecious, undergrowth, forest palm. 2.5 em. in diameter, circular in cross­ Stem stout, stilt-rooted, to 2 m. high and section, with sparse dark brown indu­ 15 em. in diameter below the leaves, grey- mentum. Rhachis about halfway along 32 PRINCIPES [Vol. 19 narrowest point, 10 em. from the base, covered in scurfy brown indumentum, especially at the margins. Spathe split­ ting down one lateral edge for :xl-Va of its length, and the inflorescence emerg­ ing laterally through the split, spathe long-persisting through anthesis and then rotting to leave fibrous vestiges at fruit­ ing. Inflorescence with 3-5 branches all of the first order. Peduncle to 25 em., elliptic in cross-section, 20 X 8 mm. when fresh, dark purplish-brown, cov­ ered in sporadic, brown, branched hairs. Rachillae each subtended by a short, thick, stiff, triangular bract to 5 mm. long and 5 mm. broad at the base. The lower 2-4 rachillae male, 10-12 em. long by 5 mm. in diameter without the flowers, the terminal rachilla to 10 em. long by 8 mm. in diameter at the base, male and female, or rarely male only, and then the entire inflorescence male; lower 1-3 rachillae ca. 1-3 em. distant, the penultimate and terminal rachillae close; male rachillae bare of 7. Nenga gajah Kepahiang, August, 1973. flowers in the lowermost 1-2 em., the Note stilt roots. apical rachilla with male and female in the lower 3-4 em., and above this with lamina about 8 mm.
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