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Jordan and US COUNTRY REPORT Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. COUNTRY OFFICE JORDAN STEFANIE TURKANIK DR. MANUEL SCHUBERT MONA DEEB Vow Renewal IMKE HAASE JORDAN AND THE US AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TRUMP ERA APRIL 2017 1 While Donald Trump’s executive orders human rights, etc.” According to Al- www.kas.de/amman and the focus of his administration on Sabaileh, Jordan had a clear role during “America first” have left many political President George W. Bush’s Iraq war, and leaders in the world with sentiments an over-privileged relationship with the US ranging from apprehension and antici- 2 administration. The scope of Jordan’s in- pation to dread and fear, the relation- volvement in world politics, and the finan- ship between the US and the Jordanian cial support given, “spoiled” both the gov- government is stronger than ever. King ernment and the population into having an Abdullah II was the first Arab leader, indeed one of the first world leaders, to overblown perception of Jordan’s role in the meet with President Trump on the 2nd Middle East, as well as its importance in of February 2017. Last week, just two global politics. days before the US response to the al- leged chemical attack by Bashar Al- The reliance on the US was further en- Assad’s forces in Khan Sheikhoun, King hanced by former President Obama’s for- Abdullah II and President Trump met eign policy, as well as the outbreak of the for the second time. Both leaders have Syrian Civil War and Jordan’s crucial role as stated their commitment to peace ef- forts and anti-terrorism strategies, re- a leading refugee host country. In February affirming Jordan’s role as mediator, 2016, Jordan’s ruling monarch King Abdul- military and strategic ally to the US. lah II said in a press conference with Presi- dent Obama, “[t]he help that we’ve gotten Background from you, Mr. President, from your admin- istration, from the Congress, and the people Each new administration inadvertently takes of the United States is something that is on the consequences of the previous admin- very difficult to express in any words. And istration’s policies. It is therefore important we are very, very grateful for that.”3 This to understand the history of cooperation be- can also be seen in Obama’s budget pro- tween Jordan and the US, and consequently to know what to expect from Trump’s presi- dency. Jordanian political analyst, journalist 1 Interview with Amer Al-Sabaileh, 2nd March and Director of MEMPSI, the Center for 2017, conducted by KAS Jordan. 2 nd Strategic and International Studies, Amer Interview with Amer Al-Sabaileh, 2 March Al-Sabaileh, argues that, “usually, Arabs 2017, conducted by KAS Jordan. 3 The White House, “Remarks by President Obama favour Republicans more than Democrats, and His Majesty King Abdullah of Jordan After Bi- simply because they are less demanding on lateral Meeting”, 24.02.2016. crucial issues like liberties, political reform, [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the- press-office/2016/02/24/remarks-president- obama-and-his-majesty-king-abdullah-jordan- after] (Last accessed 08.04.2017). 2 Konrad Adenauer Foundation posal for fiscal year 2017: Jordan is the the wariness were Donald Trump’s state- second-largest recipient of US development ments during his presidential campaign, as COUNTRY OFFICE assistance, with 632.4 million USD (merely his “views on Middle Eastern crises and JORDAN succeeding Afghanistan and its 1 billion problems [were] vague, incomplete or sim- USD), receiving 367.6 million USD for secu- plistic declarative sentences.”7 A growing STEFANIE TURKANIK rity assistance, and is in fifth place with re- majority of political analysts, however, were DR. MANUEL SCHUBERT spect to total foreign aid (preceded by Af- clinging to the idea that Donald Trump will MONA DEEB ghanistan, Israel, Egypt, and Iraq).4 With a be different as a president, growing in his IMKE HAASE struggling economy and the corresponding responsibility and understanding. APRIL 2017 growth of internal dissatisfaction, Jordan continues to be in dire need of foreign aid, The excitement about Trump’s election is www.kas.de/amman and its security and development would be due to the aforementioned enhanced rela- severely impeded without the financial sup- tionship of the Arab world with Republicans, port of the United States. and the perception of Trump as a compe- tent businessman. Tamara Abdel-Jaber, one To date, the US has also needed Jordan. It of the most successful business and IT con- is perceived as an “island of peace” in the sultants in the region, credits the excite- Middle East, eager to cooperate with West- ment to the notion that Trump could be dif- ern democracies, and has a geo- ferent from previous administrations, and strategically valuable location – between therefore better for Jordan.8 According to Israel, Syria, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. Both Director of the Jordanian branch of Opera- the United States’ use of Jordan as a mili- tion Mercy, Bob Cole, the Arab worldview tary base, and Jordan’s role as mediator in favours strong, male leaders, mostly with- peace talks made the relationship between out a critical position towards their words or the two countries indispensable.5 actions, as long as the population is taken care of. In this sense Obama was often seen When Donald Trump was elected, the im- as weak, while Trump is perceived as a mediate reactions in Jordan seemed to be pragmatic leader “who knows what he either excited, wary, or both. 6 Reasons for wants and gets things done.” 9 Amer Al- Sabaileh argued in November 2016 that, “while the people of the Arab and Muslim 4 Bearak, Max & Gamio, Lazaro, “The U.S. foreign aid budget, visualized: From building wells to presidency-mean-for-the-Middle-East-.html] (Last building armies”, in The Washington Post, accessed 08.04.2017). 18.10.2016. 7 Melhem, Hisham, “What does a Trump presiden- [https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/world cy mean for the Middle East?”, in Al-Arabiya, /which-countries-get-the-most-foreign-aid/] (Last 26.11.2016. accessed 08.04.2017). [http://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/news/middl 5 The White House, “Remarks by President Obama e-east/2016/11/26/What-does-a-Trump- and His Majesty King Abdullah of Jordan After Bi- presidency-mean-for-the-Middle-East-.html] (Last lateral Meeting”, 24.02.2016. accessed 08.04.2017). [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the- 8 Interview with Tamara Abdel-Jaber, 30th March press-office/2016/02/24/remarks-president- 2017, conducted by KAS Jordan. obama-and-his-majesty-king-abdullah-jordan- 9 Interview with Bob Cole, 16th March 2017, con- after] (Last accessed 08.04.2017). ducted by KAS Jordan. 6 See: Melhem, Hisham, “What does a Trump Regan, Tom, “Why many in the Middle East prefer presidency mean for the Middle East?”, in Al- Obama”, in The Arab Weekly, 01.08.2017. Arabiya, 26.11.2016. [http://www.thearabweekly.com/Opinion/7512/W [http://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/news/middl hy-many-in-the-Middle-East-prefer-Trump-over- e-east/2016/11/26/What-does-a-Trump- Obama] (Last accessed 08.04.2017). 3 Konrad Adenauer Foundation world might view Trump negatively, their ter of the Israeli settlements. Following the leaders might actually be quite positive to- meeting, Trump temporarily stopped men- COUNTRY OFFICE wards him as his policies could have a posi- tioning the controversial move and encour- JORDAN tive impact for the region by creating com- aged Israel to freeze settlements. Pressed mon ground for cooperation, especially in on whether he had influenced the president STEFANIE TURKANIK combatting terrorism.”10 This theory is in on the settlement issue, King Abdullah said DR. MANUEL SCHUBERT line with the results of a study conducted by in the interview, “I think people are giving MONA DEEB the Arab Center Washington DC in the Mid- me way too much credit. They are saying IMKE HAASE dle East before the US presidential elec- that I had something to do with it […] I just 14 APRIL 2017 tions, where 62% of Jordanian respondents expressed my views.” voted their sentiment towards Donald www.kas.de/amman Trump as “negative overall” (only 33% vot- On the 5th of April 2017 - one day after a ed this for Hillary Clinton), and 68% fa- toxic gas killed over 80 civilians in Syria’s voured Hillary Clinton as the next US Presi- Idlib province and two days before President dent (as opposed to 9% favouring Trump gave order to launch 59 missiles tar- Trump).11 Further, a similar number of re- geting Assad’s Al Shayrat airfield base, spondents in Jordan (roughly 30%) believed Trump and Abdullah met again. Just before that the new US President would either “not the official White House meeting, King Ab- change” or “slightly change” US foreign pol- dullah II had a remarkably candid interview icy towards the Arab world, while 67% of with the Washington Post about the key role Jordanians believed Hillary Clinton would he expects to play with the president in re- bring about a positive impact in policy to- viving the stalled Israeli-Palestinian peace wards the Arab world (with 11% for talks, and about the need for the United Trump).12 Most importantly, however, a States to engage with Russian President staggering 70% of Jordanian respondents Vladimir Putin and perhaps make some con- believed Hillary Clinton to have a positive cessions to solve the crisis in Syria.15 Both impact towards their own country, and a the questions and answers in the interview mere 7% believed the same for Donald also indicate that the president might have Trump.13 heeded the King’s advice and may continue to do so.
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