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Joanne Kennedy The Utilisation of Surveillance as a Business Intelligence Tool for Crime Detection and Prevention Joanne Kennedy STUDENT ID: C3369865 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Leeds Beckett University for the Degree of MSc Business Intelligence Faculty of Arts, Environment and Technology Leeds Beckett University September 2016 Abstract The following paper is designed to investigate the use of surveillance as a business intelligence tool for crime detection and prevention, and to determine how successful this tool is for policing, by connecting research to real-life crimes. CCTV is now part of daily life for most people in Britain, whether people are surveilled in the work place, in shops, or on roads. However, many people are still unsure as to whether CCTV is aiding in the detection and prevention of crime. Apart from CCTV and of course speed cameras, a lot of people are still unaware of any other surveillance methods and techniques used in crime detection and prevention. Methods such as ANPR systems, covert surveillance and crime forecasting techniques are all relatively unheard-of, yet play a major role in protecting Britain from crime. The following paper dedicates its primary focus to the North Yorkshire county and the West Yorkshire county, and with the use of crime statistics provided by the police, a number of interesting facts have been uncovered, for example, it has been determined that Scarborough is a problematic area for the North Yorkshire region, and it has been proven that with the use of ANPR systems and speed cameras, vehicle crime in both regions is on the decline. I Candidate’s Declaration I, Joanne Kennedy, confirm that this dissertation and the work presented in it are my own achievement. Where I have consulted the published work of others this is always clearly attributed; Where I have quoted from the work of others the source is always given. With the exception of such quotations this dissertation is entirely my own work; I have acknowledged all main sources of help; I have read and understand the penalties associated with Academic Misconduct. II Table of Contents ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... I CANDIDATES DECLARATION .................................................................... II TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... III LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................ V LIST OF GRAPHS ........................................................................................ VI LIST OF CHARTS ...................................................................................... VIII LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... IX 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 1.1 AIM .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 LINK TO AWARD ........................................................................................................... 3 1.4 STUDY STRUCTURE ..................................................................................................... 4 2 LITERATURE & RATIONALE ................................................................ 5 2.1 CCTV ............................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 ANPR ............................................................................................................................ 10 2.3 COVERT SURVEILLANCE .......................................................................................... 14 2.4 CRIME FORECASTING ................................................................................................ 18 2.5 SPEED CAMERAS ....................................................................................................... 22 3 JUSTIFIED METHODOLOGY .............................................................. 27 III 3.1 QUESTIONNAIRE......................................................................................................... 31 3.2 SOFTWARE .................................................................................................................. 33 3.3 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ..................................................................................... 34 4 FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................... 35 4.1 DATA FINDINGS .......................................................................................................... 35 4.2 QUESTIONNAIRE FINDINGS ...................................................................................... 58 4.3 CHANGING PERCEPTIONS ........................................................................................ 64 4.4 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................. 67 5 REFLECTION & CONCLUSION .......................................................... 70 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 75 APPENDIX A: APPROVED ETHICS SUBMISSION ................................... 84 APPENDIX B: CERTIFICATE OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY ....................... 85 APPENDIX C: SUPERVISORY MEETING MINUTES & COMMUNICATION EVIDENCE................................................................................................... 86 APPENDIX D: CCTV UNIT QUESTIONNAIRE ........................................... 95 APPENDIX E: PARTICIPATION CONSENT FORM ................................... 97 APPENDIX F: PARTICIPATION EVIDENCE ............................................ 101 APPENDIX G: PROJECT PLAN ............................................................... 116 IV List of Figures Figure 1: Business Intelligence .................................................................. 3 Figure 2: CCTV Eye-Tracking ...................................................................... 6 Figure 3: CCTV Control Room .................................................................. 10 Figure 4: ANPR System ............................................................................. 14 Figure 5: Covert Surveillance ................................................................... 18 Figure 6: Crime Forecasting ..................................................................... 21 Figure 7: Speed Cameras .......................................................................... 26 V List of Graphs Graph 1: Homicide North Yorkshire ......................................................... 38 Graph 2: Homicide West Yorkshire .......................................................... 39 Graph 3: Homicide Comparison ............................................................... 40 Graph 4: Drug Offenses North Yorkshire ................................................ 41 Graph 5: Drug Offences West Yorkshire ................................................. 41 Graph 6: Drug Offences Comparison ....................................................... 42 Graph 7: Weapon Offences North Yorkshire ........................................... 42 Graph 8: Weapon Offences West Yorkshire ............................................ 43 Graph 9: Weapon Offences Comparison ................................................. 43 Graph 10: Violence Offences North Yorkshire ........................................ 44 Graph 11: Violence Offences West Yorkshire ......................................... 44 Graph 12: Violence Offences Comparison .............................................. 45 Graph 13: Rape North Yorkshire .............................................................. 46 Graph 14: Rape West Yorkshire ............................................................... 47 Graph 15: Rape Comparison ..................................................................... 47 Graph 16: Vehicle Offences North Yorkshire .......................................... 48 Graph 17: Vehicle Offences West Yorkshire ........................................... 48 Graph 18: Vehicle Offences Comparison ................................................ 49 Graph 19: Shoplifting North Yorkshire .................................................... 50 Graph 20: Shoplifting West Yorkshire ..................................................... 51 VI Graph 21: Shoplifting Comparison ........................................................... 51 Graph 22: Total Recorded Crime North Yorkshire .................................. 52 Graph 23: Total Recorded Crime West Yorkshire ................................... 52 Graph 24: Total Recorded Crime Comparison ........................................ 53 Graph 25: 2-Year North Yorkshire Crime ................................................. 54 Graph 26: 2-Year West Yorkshire Crime .................................................. 55 Graph 27: North Yorkshire Crime Categories – April 2016..................... 56 Graph 28: North Yorkshire Crime Areas – April 2016 ............................. 56 Graph 29: West Yorkshire Crime Categories – April 2016 ..................... 57 Graph 30: West Yorkshire Crime Areas – April 2016 .............................. 57 VII List of Charts Chart 1: North
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