A Study of How Lighting Can Affect a Guest's Dining Experience Amy Elizabeth Ciani Iowa State University

Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2010 A study of how lighting can affect a guest's dining experience Amy Elizabeth Ciani Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Art and Design Commons Recommended Citation Ciani, Amy Elizabeth, "A study of how lighting can affect a guest's dining experience" (2010). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 11369. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/11369 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A study of how lighting can affect a guest’s dining experience by Amy Elizabeth Ciani A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major: Art and Design (Interior Design) Program of Study Committee: Cigdem Akkurt, Major Professor Fred Malven Jim Trenberth Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2010 ii. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS viii CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose of Study 3 Scope of Study 3 CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW 5 Modeling Spaces with Light 5 Interaction of Lighting with Architecture 6 Theatrical Lighting Design 9 Experience Economy 13 Experience and Consumer’s Emotions 14 Correlation of Emotions and Light 16 Lighting Design within a Restaurant 17 Effect of Lighting Design on a Guest’s Experience 20 Conclusions 23 CHAPTER 3 – METHODOLOGY 25 Oakwood Road Community Center Restaurant Proposed Experiment 25 Oakwood Road Community Center Restaurant Actual Experiment 29 Donation Process 29 Analysis 30 iii. CHAPTER 4 – EXPERIMENT 31 Overall Timeline 31 Lighting Changes Timeline 31 CHAPTER 5 – DATA RESULTS 43 Table 2 Analysis 43 Table 3 Analysis 45 Mean Value Comparisons for Varying Factors 50 Cross-Tab Statistics 53 Overall Data Summaries 54 CHAPTER 6 – CONCLUSIONS 60 Assumptions 60 Limitations 61 Further Studies 62 Conclusions 63 APPENDIX A – RECRUITING FLYER 65 APPENDIX B – RECRUITING SCRIPT 66 APPENDIX C – DONATION REQUEST TEMPLATE 67 APPENDIX D – BUDGET 68 APPENDIX E – ENTRANCE SIGNAGE 69 APPENDIX F – SET-UP 70 APPENDIX G – PROPOSED FLOOR PLAN 76 APPENDIX H – ACTUAL FLOOR PLAN 77 iv. APPENDIX I – PARTICIPANTS LOCATION 78 APPENDIX J – BEFORE-MEAL SURVEY QUESTIONS 79 APPENDIX K – MID-MEAL SURVEY QUESTIONS 81 APPENDIX L – AFTER-MEAL SURVEY QUESTIONS 83 APPENDIX M – BEFORE-MEAL SURVEY COMMENTS 88 APPENDIX N – MID-MEAL SURVEY COMMENTS 91 APPENDIX O – AFTER MEAL SURVEY COMMENTS 94 APPENDIX P – RAW DATA OF BEFORE-MEAL SURVEY RESPONSES 101 APPENDIX Q – RAW DATA OF MID-MEAL SURVEY RESPONSES 104 APPENDIX R – RAW DATA OF AFTER-MEAL SURVEY RESPONSES 106 APPENDIX S - MEAN VALUE COMPARISON OF TABLE LOCATION 110 APPENDIX T - MEAN VALUE COMPARISON OF PARTICIPANT LOCATION 112 APPENDIX U - MEAN VALUE COMPARISON OF PARTICIPANT LOCATION 114 APPENDIX V - MEAN VALUE COMPARISON OF PARTICIPANT LOCATION 116 APPENDIX W - MEAN VALUE COMPARISON OF PARTICIPANT LOCATION 118 APPENDIX X – DEFINITION OF TERMS 120 BIBLIOGRAPHY 122 v. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Indian Institute of Management designed by Louis I. Kahn 1 Figure 2: Phillips Exeter Academy Library designed by Louis I. Kahn 1 Figure 3: National Capital of Bangladesh Prayer Hall designed by Louis I. Kahn 1 Figure 4: Church of Light designed by Tadao Ando 1 Figure 5: Institut du Monde Arabe designed by Pier Luigi Nervi 2 Figure 6: Kresge Chapel, MA Institute of Technology designed by Eero Saarien 2 Figure 7: S.C. Johnson & Son Inc’s Great Workroom designed by Frank Lloyd Wright 2 Figure 8: Mehrabian-Russell Model 21 Figure 9: Questions 1 Response Change From Before-Meal to Mid-Meal Surveys 46 Figure 10: Questions 2 Response Change From Before-Meal to Mid-Meal Surveys 46 Figure 11: Questions 3 Response Change From Before-Meal to Mid-Meal Surveys 46 Figure 12: Questions 4 Response Change From Before-Meal to Mid-Meal Surveys 46 Figure 13: Questions 5 Response Change From Before-Meal to Mid-Meal Surveys 47 Figure 14: Questions 6 Response Change From Before-Meal to Mid-Meal Surveys 47 Figure 15: Questions 7 Response Change From Before-Meal to Mid-Meal Surveys 47 Figure 16: Questions 8 Response Change From Before-Meal to Mid-Meal Surveys 47 Figure 17: Questions 9 Response Change From Before-Meal to Mid-Meal Surveys 48 vi. LIST OF TABLES Table 1. 4E Strategies with Small Business Experience Examples 13 Table 2. Before-Meal and Mid-Meal Comparison of Mean Value Changes 44 Table 3. After-Meal Survey Mean Value Responses 49 Table 4. Mean Value Comparison of Men to Women Before-Meal Survey Responses 116 Table 5. Mean Value Comparison of Men to Women Mid-Meal Survey Responses 116 Table 6. Difference in the Mean Values from the Before-Meal to the Mid-Meal 117 Surveys from Men to Women Table 7. Mean Value Comparison of Table Sizes for Before-Meal Survey Responses 118 Table 8. Mean Value Comparison of Table Sizes for Mid-Meal Survey Responses 118 Table 9. Difference in the Mean Values from the Before-Meal to the Mid-Meal 119 Surveys for Table Sizes Table 10. Mean Value Comparison of Table Location for Before-Meal 110 Survey Responses Table 11. Mean Value Comparison of Table Location for Mid-Meal 110 Survey Responses Table 12. Difference in the Mean Values from the Before-Meal to the Mid-Meal 111 Surveys for Table Location Table 13. Mean Value Comparison of Participant Facing Location for Before-Meal 112 Survey Responses Table 14. Mean Value Comparison of Participant Facing Location for Mid-Meal 112 Survey Responses Table 15. Difference in the Mean Values from the Before-Meal to the Mid-Meal 113 Surveys for Participant Facing Location Table 16. Mean Value Comparison of Participant Facing the Lighting in the 114 Balcony for Before-Meal Survey Responses vii. Table 17. Mean Value Comparison of Participant Facing the Lighting in the 114 Balcony for Mid-Meal Survey Responses Table 18. Difference in the Mean Values from the Before-Meal to the Mid-Meal 115 Surveys for Participant Facing the Lighting in the Balcony Table 19: Before-Meal Survey Significance Level Between Location and Question #2 54 Table 20. Mid-Meal Survey Significance Level Between Table Size and Question #3 55 Table 21. Mid-Meal Survey Significance Level Between Location and Question #3 55 Table 22. Mid-Meal Survey Significance Level Between Table Size and Question #6 55 viii. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my family and friends who have supported and loved me throughout my graduate program. At times it seemed like an arduous and never-ending process, but through their belief in my abilities I was able to complete this wonderful program. Do not wait; the time will never be "just right'. Start where you stand, and work with whatever tools you may have at your command, and better tools will be found as you go along. ~ Napoleon Hill There's nothing like biting off more than you can chew, and then chewing anyway. ~Mark Burnett 1 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION Since the beginning of time, man has had a fascination with light. From the caveman to the businessman, light impacts not only our ability to function, but also allows us to create specific experiences while at home or out on the town. Throughout history architects and designers have had an impact on how people view and experience spaces. Louis Isadore Kahn was one of the most influential architects in the world during the second half of the twentieth century. He was considered a philosopher in Figure 1: Indian Institute of Management designed Figure 2: Phillips Exter Academy Library designed by Louis by Louis I. Kahn I. Kahn residence, a charismatic thinker who had a reverence for materials, light and humanistic values. The work he completed at the Indian Institute of Management (Figure 1), the Phillips Eexter Academy Library Figure 3: National Capital of Figure 4: Church of Light designed by Tadao Bangladesh Prayer Hall designed by Ando Louis I. Kahn 2 (Figure 2) and the National Capital of Bangladesh Prayer Hall (Figure 3) demonstrate the value he placed on the interaction of light within and through spaces. Other great architects have made significant contributions to building design by taking into account the viewers Figure 5: Institut du MondeFigure 6: Kresge Chapel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Arabe designed by Pier designed by Eero Saarien Luigi Nervi experience inside the building. Some of these architects and designers include Tadao Ando (Figure 4), Pier Luigi Nervi (Figure 5), Eero Saarien (Figure 6), and Frank Lloyd Wright (Figure7). Figure 7: S.C. Johnson & Son Inc’s Great Workroom designed by Frank Lloyd Wright These architects have paved the way for today’s designers and have helped to demonstrate that lighting design impacts how people experience a space. Restaurants are a key revenue building space, and the way in which architects and designers create these spaces for their clients will impact people’s daily lives as well as the lives of the guests who 3 frequent them. Restaurant owners realize that lighting design impacts their guests, but must determine how to design spaces to create a specific experience for their guests. Purpose of Study There is a need within the hospitality community for a study to be done that looks at the correlation between lighting design and comfort levels within a restaurant setting. The goal of this thesis is to provide a case study to the design community that will offer data in regards to incorporating a specific lighting design within the design matrix of a restaurant.

Load more